Technical data

5-38

Operating Concepts

Measurement Calibration

• Transmission Tracking, E

and E

• Reflection Tracking, E

and E

The analyzer's test set can measure both the forward and reverse characteristics of the test device without

you having to manually remove and physically reverse the device. A full two-port error model illustrated in

Figure 5-37 on page 5-38. This illustration depicts how the analyzer effectively removes both the forward

and reverse error terms for transmission and reflection measurements.

Figure 5-37. Full Two-Port Error Model

A full two-port error model equations for all four S-parameters of a two-port device is shown in Figure 5-38

on page 5-39. Note that the mathematics for this comprehensive model use all forward and reverse error

terms and measured values. Thus, to perform full error-correction for any one parameter, all four

S-parameters must be measured. Applications of these error models are provided in the calibration

procedures described in the user’s guide.

Enhanced Response Calibration Error Model Enhanced response calibration uses the same error model as

the forward configuration portion of Figure 5-37. In the response portion, the source and load match

effects are fully-accounted for giving the same accuracy to the forward tracking term (E

) as the two-port

calibration. During the measurement, the enhanced response calibration performs a correction which is

mathematically the same as setting the values of E

, E

to zero (0) and the values of E

and E

to one (1) in the equations for S11 and S21 shown in Figure 5-38 on page 5-39.