Specifications

ManualsBrandsEpson ManualsComputer equipmentOS/2 Warp 3.0 and TWAIN

Glossary

crash A malfunction that brings work to a halt.

A system crash usually is caused by a software mal-

function, and ordinarily you can restart the system

by rebooting the machine. A head crash, however,

entails physical damage to a disk and probable

data loss.

CRC (cyclic redundancy checking) An error-

detection technique consisting of a cyclic algorithm

performed on each block or frame of data by both

sending and receiving modems. The sending

modem inserts the results of its computation in

each data block in the form of a CRC code. The

receiving modem compares its results with the

received CRC code and responds with either a posi-

tive or negative acknowledgment. In the ARQ pro-

tocol implemented in high-speed modems, the

receiving modem accepts no more data until a

defective block is received correctly.

crossbar A type of memory controller that inter-

changes data between different memory paths. It’s

used in some server chipsets and advanced graphics

processors.

crosstalk The electromagnetic coupling of a sig-

nal on one line with another nearby signal line.

Crosstalk is caused by electromagnetic induction,

where a signal traveling through a wire creates a

magnetic field that induces a current in other

nearby wires. Various methods, including twisting

wire pairs and placing ground wires between data

wires, are used to combat crosstalk and create more

reliable data communications.

CRT (cathode-ray tube) A term used to

describe a television or monitor screen tube.

current The flow of electrons, measured in

amperes, or amps.

cursor The small, flashing underline or I-beam

character that appears onscreen to indicate the

point at which any input from the keyboard will

be placed.

cycle The time for a signal to transition from one

leading edge to the next leading edge.

cyclic redundancy checking See CRC.

cylinder The set of tracks on a disk that are on

each side of all the disk platters in a stack and are

the same distance from the center of the disk. A

given cylinder contains all of the tracks that can be

read without moving the heads. A floppy drive

with two heads usually has 160 tracks, which are

accessible as 80 cylinders. A typical 120GB hard

disk will physically have about 56,000 cylinders, six

heads (three platters), and an average of about 700

sectors per track, for a total of about 235,200,000

sectors (120.4GB).

Cyrix Originally a Texas-based maker of Intel-

compatible math coprocessor chips, Cyrix later

developed low-cost, plug-compatible 6x86 and

6x86MX Pentium-class processors that were manu-

factured by IBM and other fabricators. Cyrix also

developed the first chipsets with integrated audio

and video (the MediaGX series). Cyrix was later

absorbed into National Semiconductor, which

retained the MediaGX technology when it sold

Cyrix to VIA Technologies. VIA formerly developed

and sold the VIA Cyrix MII, a low-cost Super Socket

7 processor, and currently sells and develops the

C3, developed from the Cyrix “Joshua” processor.