Specifications

16
Appendix A Glossary
mass production of multimedia applications. CD-R
discs can be compatible with CD-ROM, CD-ROM
XA, and CD audio. Orange Book specifies multi-
session capabilities, which enable data recording on
the disc at various times in several recording ses-
sions. Multisession capability enables data such as
digital photos, digital music, or other types of data
files to be added to a single disc on different occa-
sions. The original capacity of CD-R media was
650MB (74 minutes), but most recent CD-ROM and
compatible optical drives support the larger 700MB
(80-minute) media.
CD-ROM (compact disc-read-only memory)
A 4.75" laser-encoded optical memory storage
medium with the same constant linear velocity
(CLV) spiral format as audio CDs and some
videodiscs. CD-ROMs can hold about 650MB of
data and require more error-correction information
than the standard prerecorded compact audio discs.
The standards for this format (developed by NV
Philips and Sony Corporation) are known as the
Yellow Book. See also CD-ROM XA.
CD-ROM drive A device that retrieves data from
a CD-ROM disc; it differs from a standard audio CD
player by the incorporation of additional error-
correction circuitry. CD-ROM drives usually can
also play music from audio CDs.
CD-ROM XA (compact disc-read-only mem-
ory extended architecture) The XA standard
was developed jointly by Sony, Philips, and
Microsoft in 1988 and is now part of the Yellow
Book standard. XA is a built-in feature of newer
CD-ROM drives and supports simultaneous sound
playback with data transfer. Non-XA drives support
either sound playback or data transfer, but not both
simultaneously. XA also enables data compression
right on the disk, which also can increase data
transfer rates.
CD-RW (compact disc-rewritable) A type of
rewritable CD-ROM technology defined in Part III
of the Orange Book standard that uses a different
type of disc, which the drive can rewrite at least
1,000 times. CD-RW drives also can be used to
write CD-R discs, and they can read CD-ROMs.
CD-RWs have a lower reflectivity than standard
CD-ROMs, and CD-ROM drives must be of the
newer multiread variety to read them. CD-RW was
initially known as CD-E (for CD-erasable).
CD Video A CD format introduced in 1987 that
combines 20 minutes of digital audio and 6 min-
utes of analog video on a standard 4.75" CD. Upon
introduction, many firms renamed 8" and 12"
videodiscs CDV in an attempt to capitalize on the
consumer popularity of the audio CD. The term fell
out of use in 1990 and was replaced in some part
by “laser disc” and, more recently, “DVD.” See also
video-on-CD or video CD.
CD-WO (compact disc-write once) A variant
on CD-ROM that can be written to once and read
many times; developed by NV Philips and Sony
Corporation. Also known as CD-WORM (CD-write
once/read many), CD-recordable, or CD-writable.
Standards for this format are known as the Orange
Book.
CD-WORM See CD-WO.
CDMA Short for code division multiple access, a
popular family of wireless protocols used in cellular
phones for Internet and email access.
CEB Short for Compact Electronics Bay, this is an
SSI form factor for rack-mounted servers. See also
Server System Infrastructure (SSI).
Celeron A family of processors that are low-cost
versions of the Pentium II, Pentium III, and
Pentium 4 processors. The major differences
include a smaller amount of L2 cache and lower
clock speeds.
Centronics connector Refers to one of two
types of cable connectors used with either parallel
(36-pin edge connector) or SCSI (50-pin edge con-
nector) devices.
ceramic substrate A thin, flat, fired-ceramic
part used to hold an IC chip (usually made of
beryllium oxide or aluminum oxide).
CERN (Conseil Européen pour la Recherche
Nucléaire; The European Laboratory for
Particle Physics) The site in Geneva where the
World Wide Web was created in 1989.
CGA (color graphics adapter) A type of PC
video display adapter introduced by IBM on August
12, 1981, which supports text and graphics. Text is
supported at a maximum resolution of 80×25 char-
acters in 16 colors with a character box of 8×8
pixels. Graphics are supported at a maximum
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