Battery Handbook

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ENERGIZERBATTERYMANUFACTURING
VERSION1.2
Figure2:RuntimeforEquivalentVolumeAAAABatteriesin50mWDevices
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0
10
20
30
40
50
A
AAA Alkaline Lithium Ion ZAP PP355
12
14
38
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The high energy density of Zinc Air is made possible by using a thin air electrode where the cathode
reaction takes place and by using atmospheric oxygen as the cathode reactant.The result is greater
internalvolumeforzinc,theactiveanodematerial.Morezinctranslatesintolo ngerruntimein
similar
overall volume.Figure 3 demonstrates the higher energy density of Zinc Air compared to other
consumerbattery systems.The chart ontheleftdisplaysvolumetricenergy density inunitsofWh/L,
andthechartontherightshows gravimetricenergydensityinunitsofWh/kg.Thisdataisbased
onthe
volumeofaAAsizedbatteryforallsystemsandacontinuous50mAcurrentdraintoa0.9voltcutoff.
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Figure3:ComparisonofZincAirversusOtherBatteryTechnologies
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156
450
565
396
371
522
343
890
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Carbon
Zinc
Alkaline Lithium LiIon LithiumIon
Polymer
Lithium
MnO2
NiMH Zinc
Air
EnergyDensity(Wh/L)
87
151
307
153
171
218
95
345
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Carbon
Zinc
Alkaline Lithium LiIon LithiumIon
Polymer
Lithium
MnO2
NiMH Zinc
Air
SpecificEnergy(Wh/kg)

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Energizer Zinc Air Prismatic batteries have an operating voltage similar to Alkaline, which is between
1.10 and 1.30 volts depending on the drain rate of the device.The discharge profile however is
relatively flat similar to rechargeable Nickel Metal Hydride batteries.Figure 4 contains examples of
dischargecurvesforZinc
Air,Alkaline,NickelMetalHydride,andLithiumIronDisulfidebatteries.Even
thoughtheZincAirPP355batteryhasthesameexternalvolumeastheAAAAbattery,itdeliversupto
3Xtheruntimeata50mWdischarge.