User guide

G-2 Encore Multi-port DSU/CSU User GuideÑJuly, 1997
G
asynchronous transmission
Transmission not related to a speciÞc frequency, or to the timing of the
transmission facility.
attenuation
Reduction or loss of signal strength, measured in decibels; opposite of gain.
B
B8ZS (Bipolar 8 Zero Substitution)
A technique used to accommodate the ones density requirements of T1
transmission.
bandwidth
The data-carrying capacity of a transmission medium, usually measured in
Hertz (Hz), which equals cycles per second.
baud
A measurement of the signaling speed of a data transmission device.
BER
See bit error rate.
BES (Bursty Errored Seconds)
Occurs when a second has 320 or more CRC violations. (ESF format only)
bipolar
The predominant signaling method used for digital transmission services, such
as DDS and T1, in which the signal carrying the binary value successively
alternates between positive and negative polarities. Zero and one values are
represented by the signal amplitude at either polarity, while no value ÒspacesÓ
are at zero amplitude.
bit error
Occurs when the value of an encoded bit is changed in transmission, and
interpreted incorrectly by the receiver.
Bit Error Rate (BER)
The percentage of received bits that are in error, relative to a speciÞc amount of
bits received; usually expressed as a number referenced to a power of 10.