Specifications

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Glossary of “Touch” Terms and Related Technical Terminology
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UR/cUR Recognized components
Component products can be Recognized by Underwriters
Laboratories for expected safety concerns. The CNR/USR
designation in the certification indicates evaluation to U.S.
and Canadian standards. Typical end products are
touchscreens, controllers, and kiosk touchmonitors.
USB
Universal Serial Bus, an external bus standard that supports
data transfer rates of 12 Mbps (12 million bits per second). A
single USB port can be used to connect up to 127 peripheral
devices, such as mice, modems, and keyboards. USB also
supports Plug and Play installation.
user-friendly
Describes an interface—Web site, equipment, process—that
people find easy to use, or intuitive.
VCCI
A Japanese standard for RF emissions developed by the
Voluntary Control Council for Interference. The VCCI marking
on an end product indicates it has been tested for compliance
with the VCCI program.
vertical frequency
The number of times per second that the monitor can draw all
the lines on the entire screen. A higher vertical frequency or
refresh rate will reduce flicker, helping to reduce user
eyestrain and fatigue.
vertical scanning frequency
In interlaced mode, the number of fields written to the screen
every second, expressed in Hz. In noninterlaced mode, it is
the number of frames (complete pictures) written to the screen
every second (also known as refresh rate). A higher vertical
frequency or refresh rate will reduce flicker, helping to reduce
user eyestrain and fatigue.
VESA
Video Electronic Standards Association, a consortium of
manufacturers formed to establish and maintain industry-wide
standards for video cards and monitors. VESA was
instrumental in the introduction of the Super VGA and
Extended VGA video graphics standards with a refresh rate of
70 Hz, minimizing flicker and helping to reduce user eyestrain
and fatigue. See also video graphics adapters.
video bandwidth
See bandwidth.
video graphics adapter (VGA)
A card with character generator and an array of
microprocessors that translate bit information from the
computer into displayable video signals for the monitor. These
cards comply with various standards that determine the nature
of the quality of the display.
VGA, introduced in 1987, was the first analog card. It offered
still higher resolution than enhanced graphics adapter
(EGA)—640 x 480 pixels for graphics and 720 x 400 pixels
for text—and a color palette of 256 colors. VGA could also
emulate EGA and color/graphics adapter (CGA).
Super VGA (SVGA), devised by VESA in 1989, offers a
resolution of 800 x 600 pixels.
XGA-8514A, introduced by IBM in 1990, offers a resolution of
1024 x 768 pixels (interlaced) and a color palette of 256
colors.
Extended VGA (XVGA), introduced by VESA in 1991, offers a
top resolution of 1024 x 768 pixels (noninterlaced) and a
refresh rate significantly higher than that of IBM’s XGA-8514A.
High-end graphics adapters, introduced in the late 1990s for
professional workstations, offer top resolutions from 1280 x
1024 to 1600 x 1280, horizontal line frequencies up to 90
kHz, and bandwidths up to 200 MHz.
video signal
The output from the video graphics adapter incorporating the
red (R), green (G), and blue (B) signals and the luminance
signal, or combinations of these signals, that pass to the
video input of the monitor.
viewable image size (VIS)
Actual maximum viewable image size is dependent upon the
size of the plastic or bezel around the CRT. Typically, the
maximum possible for a "17-inch" monitor is actually 15.75
inches, plus or minus 0.25 inch at the ends of diagonal
measurement. VIS differs from diagonal linear measurement.
VRAM/video memory
Random access memory for storing video information. VRAM
is a special-purpose RAM with two data paths for access
rather than the one path of a conventional RAM. The two paths
let the VRAM handle two tasks simultaneously: display refresh
and process access. VRAM does not force the system to wait
for one function to finish before starting another, so it permits
faster operation for the video
subsystem.