Data Sheet

Introduction to Microcontrollers
WHAT IS A MICROCONTROLLER?
A microcontroller is a mini computer. It’s a miniaturized circuit that
contains memory, logic, processing, and input/output circuitry.
Microcontrollers are programmed with specific instructions to
control many different devices. Once programmed the
microcontroller is built into a product to make the product more
intelligent and easier to use.
A microcontroller receives input (such sources such as a switch,
phototransistor, or computer keyboard), processes it and makes
decisions, then controls outputs (such as an LED, speaker, motor,
or computer display) based on the decisions.
For example, a microwave oven
uses a single microcontroller to
process information from the
keypad, display user information
on a display, and control the
turntable motor, light, bell and
cooking time.
One microcontroller can often replace a number of separate parts,
or even a number of complete electronic circuits.
Microcontrollers are used in household appliances,
alarm systems, medical equipment, vehicle
subsystems, musical instruments, and
electronic instrumentation. Most
cars contain many micro-
controllers, using them for
engine management, remote
locking, and other functions.
Programs are stored in memory as a series of numbers. A program
is executed by moving information (stored as numbers) between
places, such as activity registers, input/output ports, and memory.
Computers cannot do complex mathematics, but they can perform
simple math very quickly, and programming tricks allow complex
calculations to be performed as a series of simple ones.
The Snapino
TM
module (U31) is an Arduino UNO microcontroller mounted on a
Snap Circuits
®
base. Arduino is an electronics platform for prototyping with easy-
to-use hardware and software. Usually Arduino is used with a prototyping
breadboard, but combining with it with Snap Circuits
®
- which has electronic parts
and modules mounted on snaps - makes an even better prototyping platform.
This set is only intended as an introduction to Arduino. Users who want to learn
more about it should visit the Arduino website (www.arduino.cc) after finishing the
projects in this set.
Arduino UNO circuit board
on Snap Circuits
®
platform
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