Drawing : - TPC230 Issue :-4 Date : - 10/12/13 LUMBER DRYER OWNER’S MANUAL KILN CONSTRUCTION GUIDE TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE LD800 www.eipl.co.
Drawing : - TPC230 Issue :-4 Date : - 10/12/13 EBAC LD800 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE Introduction --------------------------------------------------------------Lumber Drying Principles ---------------------------------------------Unpacking -----------------------------------------------------------------Contents--------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 4 6 6 KILN DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION: Dryer Capacities ---------------------------------------------------------Kiln Chamber ------
Drawing : - TPC230 Issue :-4 Date : - 10/12/13 INTRODUCTION You have probably never seriously considered kiln drying your own lumber before, believing it to be too expensive or too complicated to undertake on a small scale. Prior to the introduction of the Ebac Small Scale Lumber Dryers this was true.
Drawing : - TPC230 Issue :-4 Date : - 10/12/13 LUMBER DRYING PRINCIPLES When lumber is being dried, the rate of moisture evaporation is dependent on the difference between the vapor pressure of the wet wood and the vapor pressure of the air. When the vapor pressures have equalized, no further drying occurs. This is the point at which the equilibrium moisture content of the wood has been reached. (See Figure 1).
Drawing : - TPC230 Issue :-4 Date : - 10/12/13 SIMPLIFIED SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF LUMBER DRYER COMPONENTS Figure 2 Though the fastest drying is achieved at high temperature, the risks of degrade in the wood, particularly hardwood, increases at high temperature. The general rule is that the lower the temperature the better the quality. Ebac dryers are designed to operate in the temperature range, which is the best compromise between speed and quality – about 140°F (60°C) and lower.
Drawing : - TPC230 Issue :-4 Date : - 10/12/13 UNPACKING Upon receipt of your LD800, carefully inspect the shipping container and its contents for any damage. If damage is discovered, contact the Service Department for instructions. CAUATION: DO NOT throw away or damage the Styrofoam pieces. They will be used inside your kiln. CONTENTS Your LD800 shipment consists of the following items: 1. LD800 Lumber Dryer 2. Discharge Tubing 3.
Drawing : - TPC230 Issue :-4 Date : - 10/12/13 DRYER CAPACITIES Table 1 below shows average drying times for the LD800. Table 2 shows the optimum load capacities for the LD800. If larger quantities than those shown in Table 2 are dried, drying speed will be proportionately slower. If smaller quantities are dried, the controls can be adjusted to allow for this.
Drawing : - TPC230 Issue :-4 Date : - 10/12/13 KILN CHAMBER LUMBER STACK SIZE The first step in determining your kiln chamber size is to determine the most suitable lumber stack size (or configuration) for your purposes. This will depend primarily on the longest length board to be dried. Normally, the length of the stack will be equal to the length of the longest board. If your lumber is in short lengths (i.e.: approximately 3 feet), then the stack length should be a multiple of these short lengths.
Drawing : - TPC230 Issue :-4 Date : - 10/12/13 CHAMBER INTERIOR DIMENSIONS Having calculated the stack size, it is now possible to calculate the appropriate internal dimensions of the drying chamber. This is done by adding the required additional space around the stack for the dryer and fans as well as for good air circulation.
Drawing : - TPC230 Issue :-4 Date : - 10/12/13 CHOOSING PROPER INSULATION THICKNESS The wall thickness (insulation) is very important and is related to the size (surface area) or the chamber. After adding the required internal clearances to the stack size, the internal dimensions are known, and the approximate chamber surface area can be calculated. Table 3 show the recommended thickness of insulation (wall thickness) in relation to the total surface of the walls, ceilings and floor of the chamber.
Drawing : - TPC230 Issue :-4 Date : - 10/12/13 EXAMPLE KILN SIZES If you would rather not design the dimensions of your kiln, simply choose the best size for you operation from Table 4. All of the kiln dimensions shown below are exterior dimensions. The load sizes refer to 1” hardwood with ¾” stickers, and all wall thicknesses and air spaces have been added in.
Drawing : - TPC230 Issue :-4 Date : - 10/12/13 CONSTRUCTION OF CHAMBER The most important point is to install a continuous vapor barrier (Plastic Film) inside the frame. The walls, floor and ceiling should be made of frame construction filled with insulation (Styrofoam, fiberglass, etc.). The exterior surface should be ¼” to ½” CDX Plywood. Line the interior with polythene film and use tape to close up gaps and cover tack heads. A good material to use over the film is ¼” tempered hardwood (exterior grade).
Drawing : - TPC230 Issue :-4 Date : - 10/12/13 LD800 Drying Chamber (Fig 4) Page 13 of 36
Drawing : - TPC230 Issue :-4 Date : - 10/12/13 Lumber Stack Side View (Fig 5) Page 14 of 36
Drawing : - TPC230 Issue :-4 Date : - 10/12/13 LD800 Cutout detail in Plenum (Fig 6) Page 15 of 36
Drawing : - TPC230 Issue :-4 Date : - 10/12/13 LD800 End View (Fig7) Page 16 of 36
Drawing : - TPC230 Issue :-4 Date : - 10/12/13 LD800 Top View (Fig 8) Page 17 of 36
Drawing : - TPC230 Issue :-4 Date : - 10/12/13 INSTALLATION AND TESTING WIRING REQUIREMENT All wiring should be carried out by a competent electrical contractor in accordance with local regulations. Check the voltage at the power supply to ensure correct voltage is 100 Volt + 10%, 1 Phase, 60 Hz. The LD800 must be plugged into a suitably fused 110 Volt outlet. TESTING FOR PROPER INSTALLATION Remove the left side panel by removing the four retaining screws.
Drawing : - TPC230 Issue :-4 Date : - 10/12/13 DRYING LUMBER PREPERATION OF THE LUMBER STACK The best lumber drying results are obtained when the loads of lumber are of the same species, quality, thickness and initial moisture content. However, this is not always possible, particularly in small scale operations. In such situations the drying procedure should follow the slowest wood in the load – i.e., the hardest, thickest, or wettest boards. The layers of lumber are separated by stickers.
Drawing : - TPC230 Issue :-4 Date : - 10/12/13 KILN OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS 1. Connect the main power cable to a suitable power supply. 2. Select the appropriate setting from the relevant drying control schedule as shown in Table 5. Settings are based on the amount and type of lumber to be dried. Warning: If the table calls for a setting of “C” (Continuous), set the drying control at 90% at first, until the temperature reaches 35ºC (95ºF). Position “C” can then be selected.
Drawing : - TPC230 Issue :-4 Date : - 10/12/13 Two things are very important: a) THE RATE OF TEMPERATURE INCREASE MUST NOT BE MORE THAN 5ºC (9ºF) PER DAY. Never set the thermostat more than 5ºC (9ºF) above the present kiln temperature. Rapid temperature increases cause the relative humidity to suddenly drop leading to surface and end checking of the lumber. b) THE KILN TEMPERATURE MUST NOT EXCEED THAT WHICH IS SAFE FOR THE MOISTURE CONTENT OF THE LUMBER.
Drawing : - TPC230 Issue :-4 Date : - 10/12/13 Table 5 Drying Control Settings LD800 LUMBER DRYER CHAMBER LOAD – SOFT WOODS Drying Control Setting 4/4 25mm 8/4 50mm 12/4 75mm C Board Ft 320 Cu Mtrs 0.8 Board Ft 700 Cu Mtrs 1.7 Board Ft 1180 Cu Mtrs 2.8 85 255 0.6 600 1.4 940 2.2 70 190 0.4 400 0.9 700 1.7 55 130 0.3 270 0.6 460 1.1 35 65 0.2 140 0.3 240 0.
Drawing : - TPC230 Issue :-4 Date : - 10/12/13 ADDITIONAL NOTES ON LUMBER DRYING As the wood dries, the daily volume of water extracted may decrease. The drying control setting may be increased to compensate for this fall-off in order to achieve a constant daily extraction of water. When drying a mixture of thickness and/or species of wood, adjust the drying control to the setting applicable for the total load of wood as if it were comprised of the thickness or species requiring the lowest setting. e.g.
Drawing : - TPC230 Issue :-4 Date : - 10/12/13 Appendix I Oven Drying Method for Determining Equilibrium Moisture Content If an accurate moisture meter is not available, then moisture content can be determined using the oven dry method. The oven dry method is actually more accurate than moisture meters, but not very convenient. You do need and accurate scale for weighing the wood samples and an oven (a baking oven will do) to bake the samples.
Drawing : - TPC230 Issue :-4 Date : - 10/12/13 Example You have weighed you 1” samples and they weigh 1.35 lbs. The remaining plank weighs 15.4 lbs and is added to the lumber stack in the kiln and the dryer can be turned on. After drying the samples 36 hours in an over, you weigh them and the weight is 0.94 lb. Starting EMC = 1.35lb. – 0.94lb. 0.94lb. x 100 = 44% Now calculate the future dry weight of the plank in the kiln: Plank Dry Weight = 15.4 1 + 44 100 = 10.7lb.
Drawing : - TPC230 Issue :-4 Date : - 10/12/13 Appendix II Troubleshooting In case of trouble, first check that all instructions in the manual have been carefully followed. Next, go through the following chart. If the problem is still not resolved, call Ebac Industrial Products Ltd. In most cases, a simple phone call will resolve the question. System Overview Air is drawn into the dryer where the moisture is extracted from it. Moisture is extracted when the air is passed through the evaporator coil.
Drawing : - TPC230 Issue :-4 Date : - 10/12/13 Symptoms Possible Fault Unit completely inoperative 1. No power at receptacle. Check fuse, etc., feeding receptacle Normal Operation Extraction but Low Water 1. Normal Start-UP. It usually takes 3 to 4 days for a new load of lumber to stabilize and for water output to reach normal levels Kiln Temperature above 100ºF (38ºC) 2. Dry Lumber. As the moisture content of the lumber drops below about 10%, you will notice a drop in water extraction.
Drawing : - TPC230 Issue :-4 Date : - 10/12/13 Symptoms Possible Fault Low Kiln Temperature Normal Water Extraction 1. As long as water extraction is normal, kiln temperature cannot be too low. In fact, the lower the temperature the better the wood quality. The insulation thickness’ in Table 1 provides for 50ºF (28ºC) temperature rise over the outside temperature at continuous drying control setting. Lower settings will give lower temperature rise. Mold or Mildew on Lumber 1.
Drawing : - TPC230 Issue :-4 Date : - 10/12/13 Appendix III Drawings and Specifications Page 29 of 36
Drawing : - TPC230 Issue :-4 Date : - 10/12/13 LD800 SPECIFICATIONS Height: 24” Width: 13 ½” Depth: 22” Weight: 82lbs Airflow: 460 CFM Power Rating (Dryer): 320W (Max) Power Rating (Heater): 350W (Operates Intermittently) Power Supply: 115V, 60Hz, 1 Phase. 7 Amps Maximum Operating Temperature: 45ºC (113ºF) Finish: Epoxy/Vinyl Coated Steel Refrigerant Type: R134a Refrigerant Charge: 7.25oz. Special Features: 1. Stainless Steel Water Collection Tray for Corrosion Resistance 2.
Drawing : - TPC230 Issue :-4 Date : - 10/12/13 SPARE PARTS LIST LD800 DESCRIPTION EBAC PART NO. QUANTITY 1. Drain Tray 2830107 1 2. Evaporator Coil 2320515 1 3. Condenser Coil 3020740 1 4. Compressor 3022194 1 5. Filter Dryer 3020937 1 6.
Drawing : - TPC230 Issue :-4 Date : - 10/12/13 Page 32 of 36
Drawing : - TPC230 Issue :-4 Date : - 10/12/13 Page 33 of 36
Drawing : - TPC230 Issue :-4 Date : - 10/12/13 UK Head Office American Sales Office German Sales Office Ebac Industrial Products Ltd St Helens Trading Estate Bishop Auckland County Durham DL14 9AD Ebac Industrial Products Inc 700 Thimble Shoals Blvd. Suite 109, Newport News Virginia, 23606-2575 USA Ebac Industrial Products Ltd. Gartenfelder Str.
Drawing : - TPC230 Issue :-4 Date : - 10/12/13 Page 35 of 36
Drawing : - TPC230 Issue :-4 Date : - 10/12/13 LIMITED WARRANTY Our products carry a one-year unconditional warranty against any defects in workmanship or material. This warranty will cover all parts and labor required to repair your Ebac product. This warranty is invalid if the unit has been abused, damaged, whether intentional or accidental, or if any modifications have been made to the unit.
