ECS4530-54CSFP Web Management Guide Software Release v1.0.3.193 www.edge-core.
Web Management Guide ECS4530-54CSFP Gigabit Ethernet Switch with 44 1000BASE CSFP ports 4 1000BASE combo (CSFP + GE) ports 4 10GBASE SFP+ ports and 20GBASE QSFP+ ports E112019-MR- R01
How to Use This Guide This guide includes detailed information on the switch software, including how to operate and use the management functions of the switch. To deploy this switch effectively and ensure trouble-free operation, you should first read the relevant sections in this guide so that you are familiar with all of its software features. Who Should Read This guide is for network administrators who are responsible for operating and this Guide? maintaining network equipment.
How to Use This Guide For information on how to install the switch, see the following guide: Quick Start Guide For all safety information and regulatory statements, see the following documents: Quick Start Guide Safety and Regulatory Information Conventions The following conventions are used throughout this guide to show information: Note: Emphasizes important information or calls your attention to related features or instructions.
Contents Section I How to Use This Guide 3 Contents 5 Figures 17 Tables 31 Getting Started 33 1 Introduction Section II 35 Key Features 35 Description of Software Features 36 System Defaults 41 Web Configuration 45 2 Using the Web Interface 47 Connecting to the Web Interface 47 Navigating the Web Browser Interface 48 Dashboard 48 Configuration Options 49 Panel Display 50 Main Menu 50 3 Basic Management Tasks 67 Displaying System Information 68 Displaying Hardware/Sof
Contents Copying Files via FTP/FTPS/SFTP/TFTP or HTTP 73 Saving the Running Configuration to a Local File 75 Setting the Start-up File 76 Showing System Files 77 Automatic Operation Code Upgrade 78 Setting the System Clock 82 Setting the Time Manually 82 Setting the SNTP Polling Interval 83 Configuring NTP 84 Configuring Time Servers 85 Setting the Time Zone 88 Configuring Summer Time 89 Configuring the Console Port 91 Configuring Telnet Settings 93 Displaying CPU Utilization 9
Contents Configuring Load Balancing 135 Configuring Local Port Mirroring 137 Configuring Remote Port Mirroring 139 Sampling Traffic Flows 143 Configuring sFlow Receiver Settings 144 Configuring an sFlow Polling Instance 145 Traffic Segmentation 147 Enabling Traffic Segmentation 147 Configuring Uplink and Downlink Ports 148 VLAN Trunking 150 5 VLAN Configuration 153 IEEE 802.
Contents Setting Static Addresses 197 Configuring MAC Address Mirroring 199 Issuing MAC Address Traps 201 7 Spanning Tree Algorithm 203 Overview 203 Configuring Loopback Detection 205 Configuring Global Settings for STA 207 Displaying Global Settings for STA 213 Configuring Interface Settings for STA 214 Displaying Interface Settings for STA 218 Configuring Multiple Spanning Trees 221 Configuring Interface Settings for MSTP 225 8 Congestion Control 229 Rate Limiting 229 Storm Co
Contents 11 VoIP Traffic Configuration 271 Overview 271 Configuring VoIP Traffic 272 Configuring Telephony OUI 273 Configuring VoIP Traffic Ports 274 12 Security Measures 277 AAA (Authentication, Authorization and Accounting) 278 Configuring Local/Remote Logon Authentication 279 Configuring Remote Logon Authentication Servers 280 Configuring AAA Accounting 285 Configuring AAA Authorization 291 Configuring User Accounts 295 Web Authentication 297 Configuring Global Settings for Web
Contents Configuring an Extended IPv6 ACL 329 Configuring a MAC ACL 331 Configuring an ARP ACL 333 Binding a Port to an Access Control List 335 Showing ACL Hardware Counters 336 Filtering IP Addresses for Management Access 337 Configuring Port Security 340 Configuring 802.1X Port Authentication 342 Configuring 802.1X Global Settings 344 Configuring Port Authenticator Settings for 802.1X 345 Configuring Port Supplicant Settings for 802.1X 349 Displaying 802.
Contents Configuring Interface Settings for ARP Inspection 390 Displaying ARP Inspection Statistics 391 Displaying the ARP Inspection Log 392 Application Filter 393 13 Basic Administration Protocols Configuring Event Logging 395 396 System Log Configuration 396 Remote Log Configuration 398 Sending Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Alerts 399 Link Layer Discovery Protocol 401 Setting LLDP Timing Attributes 401 Configuring LLDP Interface Attributes 403 Configuring LLDP Interface Civic-Addre
Contents Ethernet Ring Protection Switching 464 ERPS Global Configuration 468 ERPS VLAN Group Configuration 469 ERPS Ring Configuration 470 ERPS Instance Configuration 471 ERPS Forced and Manual Mode Operations 486 OAM Configuration 490 Enabling OAM on Local Ports 490 Displaying Statistics for OAM Messages 492 Displaying the OAM Event Log 493 Displaying the Status of Remote Interfaces 494 Configuring a Remote Loopback Test 495 Displaying Results of Remote Loopback Testing 497 LBD
Contents Assigning Interfaces to IPv6 Multicast Services 538 Filtering MLD Query Packets on an Interface 540 Showing MLD Snooping Groups and Source List 541 Displaying MLD Snooping Statistics 542 Filtering and Throttling MLD Groups 550 Enabling MLD Filtering and Throttling 551 Configuring MLD Filter Profiles 551 Configuring MLD Filtering and Throttling for Interfaces 554 Multicast VLAN Registration for IPv4 556 Configuring MVR Global Settings 557 Configuring MVR Domain Settings 559 Co
Contents Showing the MTU for Responding Destinations 17 General IP Routing 607 Overview 607 Initial Configuration 607 IP Routing and Switching 608 Routing Path Management 609 Routing Protocols 609 Configuring Static Routes 610 Displaying the Routing Table 611 Equal-cost Multipath Routing 613 18 IP Services 615 Domain Name Service 615 Configuring General DNS Service Parameters 615 Configuring a List of Domain Names 616 Configuring a List of Name Servers 618 Configuring Static DN
Contents Standards 645 Management Information Bases 646 B Troubleshooting 649 Problems Accessing the Management Interface 649 Using System Logs 650 C License Information 651 The GNU General Public License – 15 – 651
Contents – 16 –
Figures Figure 1: Dashboard 48 Figure 2: System Information 68 Figure 3: General Switch Information 70 Figure 4: Configuring Support for Jumbo Frames 71 Figure 5: Displaying Bridge Extension Configuration 72 Figure 6: Copy Firmware 75 Figure 7: Saving the Running Configuration 76 Figure 8: Setting Start-Up Files 77 Figure 9: Displaying System Files 77 Figure 10: Configuring Automatic Code Upgrade 81 Figure 11: Manually Setting the System Clock 83 Figure 12: Setting the Polling Interva
Figures Figure 30: Configuring Connections by Port List 106 Figure 31: Configuring Connections by Port Range 107 Figure 32: Displaying Port Information 108 Figure 33: Showing Port Statistics (Table) 111 Figure 34: Showing Port Statistics (Chart) 112 Figure 35: Configuring a History Sample 114 Figure 36: Showing Entries for History Sampling 114 Figure 37: Showing Status of Statistical History Sample 115 Figure 38: Showing Current Statistics for a History Sample 115 Figure 39: Showing Ingre
Figures Figure 65: Configuring Remote Port Mirroring (Destination) 143 Figure 66: Configuring an sFlow Receiver 145 Figure 67: Showing sFlow Receivers 145 Figure 68: Configuring an sFlow Instance 146 Figure 69: Showing sFlow Instances 147 Figure 70: Enabling Traffic Segmentation 148 Figure 71: Configuring Members for Traffic Segmentation 150 Figure 72: Showing Traffic Segmentation Members 150 Figure 73: Configuring VLAN Trunking 151 Figure 74: Configuring VLAN Trunking 152 Figure 75: VL
Figures Figure 100: Configuring MAC-Based VLANs 187 Figure 101: Showing MAC-Based VLANs 187 Figure 102: Configuring VLAN Mirroring 188 Figure 103: Showing the VLANs to Mirror 189 Figure 104: Configuring VLAN Translation 189 Figure 105: Configuring VLAN Translation 190 Figure 106: Showing the Entries for VLAN Translation 191 Figure 107: Displaying the Dynamic MAC Address Table 194 Figure 108: Clearing Entries in the Dynamic MAC Address Table 195 Figure 109: Setting the Address Aging Time
Figures Figure 135: Configuring MSTP Interface Settings 226 Figure 136: Displaying MSTP Interface Settings 227 Figure 137: Configuring Rate Limits 230 Figure 138: Configuring Storm Control 232 Figure 139: Storm Control by Limiting the Traffic Rate 232 Figure 140: Storm Control by Shutting Down a Port 233 Figure 141: Configuring ATC Timers 234 Figure 142: Configuring ATC Interface Attributes 237 Figure 143: Setting the Default Port Priority 240 Figure 144: Setting the Queue Mode (Strict)
Figures Figure 170: Authentication Server Operation 280 Figure 171: Configuring Remote Authentication Server (RADIUS) 283 Figure 172: Configuring Remote Authentication Server (TACACS+) 284 Figure 173: Configuring AAA Server Groups 284 Figure 174: Showing AAA Server Groups 285 Figure 175: Configuring Global Settings for AAA Accounting 287 Figure 176: Configuring AAA Accounting Methods 288 Figure 177: Showing AAA Accounting Methods 289 Figure 178: Configuring AAA Accounting Service for 802.
Figures Figure 205: Creating an ACL 323 Figure 206: Showing a List of ACLs 323 Figure 207: Configuring a Standard IPv4 ACL 325 Figure 208: Configuring an Extended IPv4 ACL 327 Figure 209: Configuring a Standard IPv6 ACL 329 Figure 210: Configuring an Extended IPv6 ACL 331 Figure 211: Configuring a MAC ACL 333 Figure 212: Configuring a ARP ACL 335 Figure 213: Binding a Port to an ACL 336 Figure 214: Showing ACL Statistics 337 Figure 215: Creating an IP Address Filter for Management Acces
Figures Figure 240: Configuring Static Bindings for IPv6 Source Guard 383 Figure 241: Displaying Static Bindings for IPv6 Source Guard 383 Figure 242: Showing the IPv6 Source Guard Binding Table 385 Figure 243: Configuring Global Settings for ARP Inspection 388 Figure 244: Configuring VLAN Settings for ARP Inspection 389 Figure 245: Configuring Interface Settings for ARP Inspection 390 Figure 246: Displaying Statistics for ARP Inspection 392 Figure 247: Displaying the ARP Inspection Log 393
Figures Figure 275: Creating an SNMP Group 437 Figure 276: Showing SNMP Groups 437 Figure 277: Configuring Local SNMPv3 Users 439 Figure 278: Showing Local SNMPv3 Users 439 Figure 279: Changing a Local SNMPv3 User Group 440 Figure 280: Configuring Remote SNMPv3 Users 442 Figure 281: Showing Remote SNMPv3 Users 442 Figure 282: Configuring Trap Managers (SNMPv1) 446 Figure 283: Configuring Trap Managers (SNMPv2c) 446 Figure 284: Configuring Trap Managers (SNMPv3) 446 Figure 285: Showing T
Figures Figure 310: Creating an ERPS Instance 484 Figure 311: Configuring ERPS Instance Details 485 Figure 312: Showing Configured ERPS Instances 486 Figure 313: Blocking an ERPS Ring Port 490 Figure 314: Enabling OAM for Local Ports 492 Figure 315: Displaying Statistics for OAM Messages 493 Figure 316: Displaying the OAM Event Log 494 Figure 317: Displaying Status of Remote Interfaces 495 Figure 318: Running a Remote Loop Back Test 497 Figure 319: Displaying the Results of Remote Loop Ba
Figures Figure 345: Configuring a Static Interface for an IPv6 Multicast Router 537 Figure 346: Showing Static Interfaces Attached an IPv6 Multicast Router 537 Figure 347: Showing Current Interfaces Attached an IPv6 Multicast Router 538 Figure 348: Assigning an Interface to an IPv6 Multicast Service 539 Figure 349: Showing Static Interfaces Assigned to an IPv6 Multicast Service 539 Figure 350: Showing Current Interfaces Assigned to an IPv6 Multicast Service 540 Figure 351: Dropping MLD Query Pa
Figures Figure 380: Tracing the Route to a Network Device 578 Figure 381: Proxy ARP 579 Figure 382: Configuring General Settings for ARP 580 Figure 383: Configuring Static ARP Entries 581 Figure 384: Displaying Static ARP Entries 582 Figure 385: Displaying ARP Entries 582 Figure 386: Displaying ARP Statistics 583 Figure 387: Configuring a Static IPv4 Address 587 Figure 388: Configuring a Dynamic IPv4 Address 588 Figure 389: Showing the Configured IPv4 Address for an Interface 589 Figure
Figures Figure 415: Configuring L3 DHCP Relay Service 624 Figure 416: Enabling Dynamic Provisioning via DHCP 625 Figure 417: DHCP Server 626 Figure 418: Enabling the DHCP Server 627 Figure 419: Configuring Excluded Addresses on the DHCP Server 628 Figure 420: Showing Excluded Addresses on the DHCP Server 628 Figure 421: Configuring DHCP Server Address Pools (Network) 631 Figure 422: Configuring DHCP Server Address Pools (Host) 631 Figure 423: Showing Configured DHCP Server Address Pools 63
Figures – 30 –
Tables Table 1: Key Features 35 Table 2: System Defaults 41 Table 3: Web Page Configuration Buttons 49 Table 4: Switch Main Menu 50 Table 5: Predefined Summer-Time Parameters 90 Table 6: Port Statistics 108 Table 7: LACP Port Counters 131 Table 8: LACP Internal Configuration Information 132 Table 9: LACP Remote Device Configuration Information 134 Table 10: Traffic Segmentation Forwarding 148 Table 11: Recommended STA Path Cost Range 215 Table 12: Default STA Path Costs 215 Table 13
Tables Table 30: Remote Port Auto-Negotiation Advertised Capability 414 Table 31: SNMPv3 Security Models and Levels 424 Table 32: Supported Notification Messages 434 Table 33: ERPS Request/State Priority 487 Table 34: OAM Operation State 490 Table 35: Remote Loopback Status 496 Table 36: Address Resolution Protocol 578 Table 37: ARP Statistics 583 Table 38: Show IPv6 Neighbors - display description 599 Table 39: Show IPv6 Statistics - display description 601 Table 40: Show MTU - display
Section I Getting Started This section provides an overview of the switch, and introduces some basic concepts about network switches. It also describes the basic settings required to access the management interface.
Section I | Getting Started – 34 –
1 Introduction This switch provides a broad range of features for Layer 2 switching. It includes a management agent that allows you to configure the features listed in this manual. The default configuration can be used for most of the features provided by this switch. However, there are many options that you should configure to maximize the switch’s performance for your particular network environment.
Chapter 1 | Introduction Description of Software Features Table 1: Key Features (Continued) Feature Description IEEE 802.1D Bridge Supports dynamic data switching and addresses learning Store-and-Forward Switching Supported to ensure wire-speed switching while eliminating bad frames Spanning Tree Algorithm Supports standard STP, Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP), and Multiple Spanning Trees (MSTP) Virtual LANs Up to 4094 using IEEE 802.
Chapter 1 | Introduction Description of Software Features authentication server to verify the client’s right to access the network via an authentication server (i.e., RADIUS or TACACS+ server). Other authentication options include HTTPS for secure management access via the web, SSH for secure management access over a Telnet-equivalent connection, SNMP Version 3, IP address filtering for SNMP/Telnet/web management access. MAC address filtering and IP source guard also provide authenticated port access.
Chapter 1 | Introduction Description of Software Features Storm Control Broadcast, multicast and unknown unicast storm suppression prevents traffic from overwhelming the network.When enabled on a port, the level of traffic passing through the port is restricted. If traffic rises above a pre-defined threshold, it will be throttled until the level falls back beneath the threshold. Static MAC Addresses A static address can be assigned to a specific interface on this switch.
Chapter 1 | Introduction Description of Software Features STP-compliant mode if they detect STP protocol messages from attached devices. ◆ Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP, IEEE 802.1s) – This protocol is a direct extension of RSTP. It can provide an independent spanning tree for different VLANs.
Chapter 1 | Introduction Description of Software Features bits in the IP frame’s Type of Service (ToS) octet using DSCP, or IP Precedence. When these services are enabled, the priorities are mapped to a Class of Service value by the switch, and the traffic then sent to the corresponding output queue. Quality of Service Differentiated Services (DiffServ) provides policy-based management mechanisms used for prioritizing network resources to meet the requirements of specific traffic types on a per-hop basis.
Chapter 1 | Introduction System Defaults LLDP-MED information can be used by SNMP applications to simplify troubleshooting, enhance network management, and maintain an accurate network topology. System Defaults The switch’s system defaults are provided in the configuration file “Factory_Default_Config.cfg.” To reset the switch defaults, this file should be set as the startup configuration file. The following table lists some of the basic system defaults.
Chapter 1 | Introduction System Defaults Table 2: System Defaults (Continued) Function Parameter Default Web Management HTTP Server Enabled HTTP Port Number 80 HTTP Secure Server Enabled HTTP Secure Server Port 443 SNMP Agent Enabled Community Strings “public” (read only) “private” (read/write) Traps Authentication traps: enabled Link-up-down events: enabled SNMP V3 View: defaultview Group: public (read only); private (read/write) Admin Status Enabled Auto-negotiation Enabled Flow C
Chapter 1 | Introduction System Defaults Table 2: System Defaults (Continued) Function Parameter Default QinQ Tunneling Disabled Ingress Port Priority 0 Queue Mode WRR Queue Weight Queue: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Weight: 1 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Class of Service Enabled IP Precedence Priority Disabled IP DSCP Priority Disabled Management VLAN VLAN 1 IP Address 192.168.2.10 Subnet Mask 255.255.255.
Chapter 1 | Introduction System Defaults – 44 –
Section II Web Configuration This section describes the basic switch features, along with a detailed description of how to configure each feature via a web browser.
Section II | Web Configuration ◆ "IP Services" on page 615 – 46 –
2 Using the Web Interface This switch provides an embedded HTTP web agent. Using a web browser you can configure the switch and view statistics to monitor network activity. The web agent can be accessed by any computer on the network using a standard web browser (Internet Explorer 9, Mozilla Firefox 39, or Google Chrome 44, or more recent versions). Note: You can also use the Command Line Interface (CLI) to manage the switch over a serial connection to the console port or via Telnet.
Chapter 2 | Using the Web Interface Navigating the Web Browser Interface switch port attached to your management station to fast forwarding (i.e., enable Admin Edge Port) to improve the switch’s response time to management commands issued through the web interface. See “Configuring Interface Settings for STA” on page 214. Note: Users are automatically logged off of the HTTP server or HTTPS server if no input is detected for 600 seconds.
Chapter 2 | Using the Web Interface Navigating the Web Browser Interface Configuration Options Configurable parameters have a dialog box or a drop-down list. Once a configuration change has been made on a page, be sure to click on the Apply button to confirm the new setting. The following table summarizes the web page configuration buttons. Table 3: Web Page Configuration Buttons Button Action Apply Sets specified values to the system.
Chapter 2 | Using the Web Interface Navigating the Web Browser Interface Table 3: Web Page Configuration Buttons (Continued) Button Action Displays help for the selected page. Refreshes the current page. Displays the site map. Logs out of the management interface. Sends mail to the vendor. Links to the vendor’s web site. Panel Display The web agent displays an image of the switch’s ports. The Mode can be set to display different information for the ports, including Active (i.e., up or down), Duplex (i.e.
Chapter 2 | Using the Web Interface Navigating the Web Browser Interface Table 4: Switch Main Menu (Continued) Menu Description Page File 73 Copy Allows the transfer and copying files 73 Automatic Operation Code Upgrade Automatically upgrades operation code if a newer version is found on the server 78 Set Startup Sets the startup file 76 Show Shows the files stored in flash memory; allows deletion of files 77 Time 82 Configure General Manual Manually sets the current time 82 SNTP Con
Chapter 2 | Using the Web Interface Navigating the Web Browser Interface Table 4: Switch Main Menu (Continued) Menu Description Page History Shows statistical history for specified interfaces 112 Transceiver Shows identifying information and operational parameters for optical transceivers which support Digital Diagnostic Monitoring (DDM), and configures thresholds for alarm and warning messages for optical transceivers which support DDM 116 117 Trunk 121 Static 122 Configure Trunk 122 Add C
Chapter 2 | Using the Web Interface Navigating the Web Browser Interface Table 4: Switch Main Menu (Continued) Menu History Description Page Shows statistical history for specified interfaces 112 Mirror 137 Add Sets the source and target ports for mirroring 137 Show Shows the configured mirror sessions 137 RSPAN Mirrors traffic from remote switches for analysis at a destination port on 139 the local switch sFlow Configures flow sampling for receiver ports and instances 143 Configure Recei
Chapter 2 | Using the Web Interface Navigating the Web Browser Interface Table 4: Switch Main Menu (Continued) Menu Configure Interface Description Page Enables L2PT on selected interfaces 178 Protocol 179 Configure Protocol 180 Add Creates a protocol group, specifying supported protocols 180 Show Shows configured protocol groups 180 Configure Interface 181 Add Maps a protocol group to a VLAN 181 Show Shows the protocol groups mapped to each VLAN 181 IP Subnet 183 Add Maps IP subn
Chapter 2 | Using the Web Interface Navigating the Web Browser Interface Table 4: Switch Main Menu (Continued) Menu Description Page Configure Configures global bridge settings for STP, RSTP and MSTP 207 Show Information Displays STA values used for the bridge 213 Configure Configures interface settings for STA 214 Show Information Displays interface settings for STA 218 Multiple Spanning Tree Algorithm 221 Configure Global Configure Interface MSTP Configure Global 221 Add Configures
Chapter 2 | Using the Web Interface Navigating the Web Browser Interface Table 4: Switch Main Menu (Continued) Menu PHB to Queue Description Page Maps internal per-hop behavior values to hardware queues 243 DiffServ 255 Configure Class 256 Add Creates a class map for a type of traffic 256 Show Shows configured class maps 256 Modify Modifies the name of a class map 256 Add Rule Configures the criteria used to classify ingress traffic 256 Show Rule Shows the traffic classification rules
Chapter 2 | Using the Web Interface Navigating the Web Browser Interface Table 4: Switch Main Menu (Continued) Menu Configure Global Description Page Specifies the interval at which the local accounting service updates information to the accounting server 285 Configure Method 285 Add Configures accounting for various service types 285 Show Shows the accounting settings used for various service types 285 Sets the accounting method applied to specific interfaces for 802.
Chapter 2 | Using the Web Interface Navigating the Web Browser Interface Table 4: Switch Main Menu (Continued) Menu Description Page Configure Global Enables HTTPs, and specifies the UDP port to use 309 Copy Certificate Replaces the default secure-site certificate 311 Secure Shell 313 Configures SSH server settings 315 SSH Configure Global Configure Host Key 316 Generate Generates the host key pair (public and private) 316 Show Displays RSA host keys; deletes host keys 316 Configure Us
Chapter 2 | Using the Web Interface Navigating the Web Browser Interface Table 4: Switch Main Menu (Continued) Menu Description Page Configure Interface Sets the trust mode for an interface 362 Show Information Displays the DHCP Snooping binding information 363 DHCP Snooping6 356 Configure Global Enables DHCPv6 snooping globally, MAC-address verification, information option; and sets the information policy 359 Configure VLAN Enables DHCPv6 snooping on a VLAN 361 Configure Interface Sets t
Chapter 2 | Using the Web Interface Navigating the Web Browser Interface Table 4: Switch Main Menu (Continued) Menu Description Page Administration 395 Log 396 System 396 Configure Global Stores error messages in local memory 396 Show System Logs Shows logged error messages 396 Remote Configures the logging of messages to a remote logging process 398 SMTP Sends an SMTP client message to a participating server 399 LLDP Configure Global 401 Configures global LLDP timing parameters Conf
Chapter 2 | Using the Web Interface Navigating the Web Browser Interface Table 4: Switch Main Menu (Continued) Menu Description Page Configure Group 433 Add Adds a group with access policies for assigned users 433 Show Shows configured groups and access policies 433 Add Community Configures community strings and access mode 438 Show Community Shows community strings and access mode 438 Add SNMPv3 Local User Configures SNMPv3 users on this switch 438 Show SNMPv3 Local User Shows SNMPv3
Chapter 2 | Using the Web Interface Navigating the Web Browser Interface Table 4: Switch Main Menu (Continued) Menu Description Page History Shows sampled data for each entry in the history group 456 Statistics Shows sampled data for each entry in the history group 459 Configures the time to apply an ACL 461 Add Specifies the name of a time range 461 Show Shows the name of configured time ranges 461 Show Details Time Range Add Rule 461 Absolute Sets exact time or time range 461 Peri
Chapter 2 | Using the Web Interface Navigating the Web Browser Interface Table 4: Switch Main Menu (Continued) Menu Description Page IP 585 General Routing Interface Add Address Configures an IP interface for a VLAN 585 Show Address Shows the IP interfaces assigned to a VLAN 585 Routing Static Routes 610 Add Configures static routing entries 610 Show Shows static routing entries 610 Shows all routing entries, including local, static and dynamic routes 611 Routing Table IPv6 Configuratio
Chapter 2 | Using the Web Interface Navigating the Web Browser Interface Table 4: Switch Main Menu (Continued) Menu Description Page Show Shows the list of static mapping entries 619 Modify Modifies the static address mapped to the selected host name 619 Displays cache entries discovered by designated name servers 620 Multicast DNS Configures multicast DNS lookup on the local network without the need for a dedicated server 615 DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol 621 Client Specifies
Chapter 2 | Using the Web Interface Navigating the Web Browser Interface Table 4: Switch Main Menu (Continued) Menu Description Page Configure Profile 528 Add Adds IGMP filter profile; and sets access mode 528 Show Shows configured IGMP filter profiles 528 Add Multicast Group Range Assigns multicast groups to selected profile 528 Show Multicast Group Range Shows multicast groups assigned to a profile 528 Configure Interface Assigns IGMP filter profiles to port interfaces and sets throttli
Chapter 2 | Using the Web Interface Navigating the Web Browser Interface Table 4: Switch Main Menu (Continued) Menu Description Page Input Shows statistics for MLD ingress traffic 538 Output Shows statistics for MLD egress traffic 538 Query Shows statistics for query-related messages 538 Summary Shows summary statistics for querier and report/leave messages 538 Clear Clears all MLD statics or statistics for specified VLAN/port 538 Multicast VLAN Registration 556 Configure Global Config
3 Basic Management Tasks This chapter describes the following topics: ◆ Displaying System Information – Provides basic system description, including contact information. ◆ Displaying Hardware/Software Versions – Shows the hardware version, power status, and firmware versions ◆ Configuring Support for Jumbo Frames – Enables support for jumbo frames. ◆ Displaying Bridge Extension Capabilities – Shows the bridge extension parameters.
Chapter 3 | Basic Management Tasks Displaying System Information Displaying System Information Use the System > General page to identify the system by displaying information such as the device name, location and contact information. Parameters These parameters are displayed: ◆ System Description – Brief description of device type. ◆ System Object ID – MIB II object ID for switch’s network management subsystem. ◆ System Up Time – Length of time the management agent has been up.
Chapter 3 | Basic Management Tasks Displaying Hardware/Software Versions Displaying Hardware/Software Versions Use the System > Switch page to display hardware/firmware version numbers for the main board and management software, as well as the power status of the system. Parameters The following parameters are displayed: Main Board Information ◆ Serial Number – The serial number of the switch. ◆ Number of Ports – Number of built-in ports. ◆ Hardware Version – Hardware version of the main board.
Chapter 3 | Basic Management Tasks Configuring Support for Jumbo Frames Web Interface To view hardware and software version information. 1. Click System, then Switch. Figure 3: General Switch Information Configuring Support for Jumbo Frames Use the System > Capability page to configure support for layer 2 jumbo frames. The switch provides more efficient throughput for large sequential data transfers by supporting jumbo frames up to 10240 bytes for Gigabit Ethernet and 10 Gigabit Ethernet ports or trunks.
Chapter 3 | Basic Management Tasks Displaying Bridge Extension Capabilities Web Interface To configure support for jumbo frames: 1. Click System, then Capability. 2. Enable or disable support for jumbo frames. 3. Click Apply. Figure 4: Configuring Support for Jumbo Frames Displaying Bridge Extension Capabilities Use the System > Capability page to display settings based on the Bridge MIB.
Chapter 3 | Basic Management Tasks Displaying Bridge Extension Capabilities ◆ Configurable PVID Tagging – This switch allows you to override the default Port VLAN ID (PVID used in frame tags) and egress status (VLAN-Tagged or Untagged) on each port. (Refer to “VLAN Configuration” on page 153.) ◆ Max Supported VLAN Numbers – The maximum number of VLANs supported on this switch. ◆ Max Supported VLAN ID – The maximum configurable VLAN identifier supported on this switch.
Chapter 3 | Basic Management Tasks Managing System Files Managing System Files This section describes how to upgrade the switch operating software or configuration files, and set the system start-up files. Copying Files via FTP/ Use the System > File (Copy) page to upload/download firmware or configuration FTPS/SFTP/TFTP or settings using FTP, FTPS, SFTP, TFTP or HTTP.
Chapter 3 | Basic Management Tasks Managing System Files ■ SFTP Download – Copies a file from the switch to an SFTP server. ■ TFTP Upload – Copies a file from a TFTP server to the switch. ■ TFTP Download – Copies a file from the switch to a TFTP server. ◆ FTP/FTPS/SFTP/TFTP Server IP Address – The IP address of an FTP/FTPS/ SFTP/TFTP server. ◆ User Name – The user name for SFTP/FTP/FTPS server access. ◆ Password – The password for SFTP/FTP/FTPS server access.
Chapter 3 | Basic Management Tasks Managing System Files 9. Then click Apply. Figure 6: Copy Firmware If you replaced a file currently used for startup and want to start using the new file, reboot the system via the System > Reset menu. Saving the Running Use the System > File (Copy) page to save the current configuration settings to a Configuration to a local file on the switch.
Chapter 3 | Basic Management Tasks Managing System Files Web Interface To save the running configuration file: 1. Click System, then File. 2. Select Copy from the Action list. 3. Select Running-Config from the Copy Type list. 4. Select the current startup file on the switch to overwrite or specify a new file name. 5. Then click Apply.
Chapter 3 | Basic Management Tasks Managing System Files Figure 8: Setting Start-Up Files To start using the new firmware or configuration settings, reboot the system via the System > Reset menu. Showing System Files Use the System > File (Show) page to show the files in the system directory, or to delete a file. Note: Files designated for start-up, and the Factory_Default_Config.cfg file, cannot be deleted. Web Interface To show the system files: 1. Click System, then File. 2.
Chapter 3 | Basic Management Tasks Managing System Files Automatic Operation Use the System > File (Automatic Operation Code Upgrade) page to automatically Code Upgrade download an operation code file when a file newer than the currently installed one is discovered on the file server. After the file is transferred from the server and successfully written to the file system, it is automatically set as the startup file, and the switch is rebooted.
Chapter 3 | Basic Management Tasks Managing System Files ◆ If two operation code image files are already stored on the switch’s file system, then the non-startup image is deleted before the upgrade image is transferred. ◆ The automatic upgrade process will take place in the background without impeding normal operations (data switching, etc.) of the switch.
Chapter 3 | Basic Management Tasks Managing System Files ■ ftp:// – Defines FTP protocol for the server connection. ■ username – Defines the user name for the FTP connection. If the user name is omitted, then “anonymous” is the assumed user name for the connection. ■ password – Defines the password for the FTP connection. To differentiate the password from the user name and host portions of the URL, a colon (:) must precede the password, and an “at” symbol (@), must follow the password.
Chapter 3 | Basic Management Tasks Managing System Files ■ ftp://switches:upgrade@192.168.0.1/switches/opcode/ The user name is “switches” and the password is “upgrade”. The image file is in the “opcode” directory, which is within the “switches” parent directory, relative to the FTP root. Web Interface To configure automatic code upgrade: 1. Click System, then File. 2. Select Automatic Operation Code Upgrade from the Action list. 3. Mark the check box to enable Automatic Opcode Upgrade. 4.
Chapter 3 | Basic Management Tasks Setting the System Clock Setting the System Clock Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP) allows the switch to set its internal clock based on periodic updates from a time server (SNTP or NTP). Maintaining an accurate time on the switch enables the system log to record meaningful dates and times for event entries. You can also manually set the clock.
Chapter 3 | Basic Management Tasks Setting the System Clock Figure 11: Manually Setting the System Clock Setting the SNTP Use the System > Time (Configure General - SNTP) page to set the polling interval at Polling Interval which the switch will query the specified time servers. Parameters The following parameters are displayed: ◆ Current Time – Shows the current time set on the switch. ◆ SNTP Polling Interval – Sets the interval between sending requests for a time update from a time server.
Chapter 3 | Basic Management Tasks Setting the System Clock Configuring NTP Use the System > Time (Configure General - NTP) page to configure NTP authentication and show the polling interval at which the switch will query the specified time servers. Parameters The following parameters are displayed: ◆ Current Time – Shows the current time set on the switch. ◆ Authentication Status – Enables authentication for time requests and updates between the switch and NTP servers.
Chapter 3 | Basic Management Tasks Setting the System Clock Configuring Use the System > Time (Configure Time Server) pages to specify the IP address for Time Servers NTP/SNTP time servers, or to set the authentication key for NTP time servers. Specifying SNTP Time Servers Use the System > Time (Configure Time Server – Configure SNTP Server) page to specify the IP address for up to three SNTP time servers.
Chapter 3 | Basic Management Tasks Setting the System Clock It issues time synchronization requests at a fixed interval of 1024 seconds. The switch will poll all the time servers configured, the responses received are filtered and compared to determine the most reliable and accurate time update for the switch. ◆ Version – Specifies the NTP version supported by the server.
Chapter 3 | Basic Management Tasks Setting the System Clock Figure 16: Showing the NTP Time Server List Specifying NTP Authentication Keys Use the System > Time (Configure Time Server – Add NTP Authentication Key) page to add an entry to the authentication key list. Parameters The following parameters are displayed: ◆ Authentication Key – Specifies the number of the key in the NTP Authentication Key List to use for authentication with a configured server. NTP authentication is optional.
Chapter 3 | Basic Management Tasks Setting the System Clock Figure 17: Adding an NTP Authentication Key To show the list of configured NTP authentication keys: 1. Click System, then Time. 2. Select Configure Time Server from the Step list. 3. Select Show NTP Authentication Key from the Action list. Figure 18: Showing the NTP Authentication Key List Setting the Time Zone Use the System > Time (Configure Time Zone) page to set the time zone.
Chapter 3 | Basic Management Tasks Setting the System Clock ■ Name – Assigns a name to the time zone. (Range: 1-30 characters) ■ Hours (0-13) – The number of hours before or after UTC. The maximum value before UTC is 12. The maximum value after UTC is 13. ■ Minutes (0-59) – The number of minutes before/after UTC. Web Interface To set your local time zone: 1. Click System, then Time. 2. Select Configure Time Zone from the Step list. 3.
Chapter 3 | Basic Management Tasks Setting the System Clock ◆ Status – Shows if summer time is set to take effect during the specified period. ◆ Name – Name of the time zone while summer time is in effect, usually an acronym. (Range: 1-30 characters) ◆ Mode – Selects one of the following configuration modes. (The Mode option can only be managed when the Summer Time Status option has been set to enabled for the switch.
Chapter 3 | Basic Management Tasks Configuring the Console Port Web Interface To specify summer time settings: 1. Click SNTP, Summer Time. 2. Select one of the configuration modes, configure the relevant attributes, enable summer time status. 3. Click Apply. Figure 20: Configuring Summer Time Configuring the Console Port Use the System > Console menu to configure connection parameters for the switch’s console port.
Chapter 3 | Basic Management Tasks Configuring the Console Port reached, the system interface becomes silent for a specified amount of time (set by the Silent Time parameter) before allowing the next logon attempt. (Range: 1-120; Default: 3 attempts) ◆ Silent Time – Sets the amount of time the management console is inaccessible after the number of unsuccessful logon attempts has been exceeded.
Chapter 3 | Basic Management Tasks Configuring Telnet Settings Figure 21: Console Port Settings Configuring Telnet Settings Use the System > Telnet menu to configure parameters for accessing the CLI over a Telnet connection. You can access the onboard configuration program over the network using Telnet (i.e., a virtual terminal). Management access via Telnet can be enabled/disabled and other parameters set, including the TCP port number, time outs, and a password.
Chapter 3 | Basic Management Tasks Configuring Telnet Settings ◆ Password Threshold – Sets the password intrusion threshold, which limits the number of failed logon attempts. When the logon attempt threshold is reached, the system interface becomes silent for a specified amount of time (set by the Silent Time parameter) before allowing the next logon attempt.
Chapter 3 | Basic Management Tasks Displaying CPU Utilization Displaying CPU Utilization Use the System > CPU Utilization page to display information on CPU utilization. Parameters The following parameters are displayed: ◆ Time Interval – The interval at which to update the displayed utilization rate. (Options: 1, 5, 10, 30, 60 seconds; Default: 1 second) ◆ CPU Utilization – CPU utilization over specified interval. Web Interface To display CPU utilization: 1. Click System, then CPU Utilization. 2.
Chapter 3 | Basic Management Tasks Configuring CPU Guard Configuring CPU Guard Use the System > CPU Guard page to set the CPU utilization high and low watermarks in percentage of CPU time utilized and the CPU high and low thresholds in the number of packets being processed per second. Parameters The following parameters are displayed: ◆ CPU Guard Status – Enables CPU Guard.
Chapter 3 | Basic Management Tasks Displaying Memory Utilization Web Interface To configure CPU Guard: 1. Click System, CPU Guard. 2. Set CPU guard status, configure the watermarks or threshold parameter, enable traps if required. 3. Click Apply. Figure 24: Configuring CPU Guard Displaying Memory Utilization Use the System > Memory Status page to display memory utilization parameters. Parameters The following parameters are displayed: ◆ Free Size – The amount of memory currently free for use.
Chapter 3 | Basic Management Tasks Resetting the System Resetting the System Use the System > Reset menu to restart the switch immediately, at a specified time, after a specified delay, or at a periodic interval. Command Usage ◆ This command resets the entire system. ◆ When the system is restarted, it will always run the Power-On Self-Test. It will also retain all configuration information stored in non-volatile memory. (See “Saving the Running Configuration to a Local File” on page 75).
Chapter 3 | Basic Management Tasks Resetting the System ■ ■ YYYY - The year at which to reload. (Range: 1970-2037) ■ HH - The hour at which to reload. (Range: 00-23) ■ MM - The minute at which to reload. (Range: 00-59) Regularly – Specifies a periodic interval at which to reload the switch. Time ■ HH - The hour at which to reload. (Range: 00-23) ■ MM - The minute at which to reload. (Range: 00-59) Period ■ Daily - Every day. ■ Weekly - Day of the week at which to reload. (Range: Sunday ...
Chapter 3 | Basic Management Tasks Resetting the System Figure 26: Restarting the Switch (Immediately) Figure 27: Restarting the Switch (In) Figure 28: Restarting the Switch (At) – 100 –
Chapter 3 | Basic Management Tasks Resetting the System Figure 29: Restarting the Switch (Regularly) – 101 –
Chapter 3 | Basic Management Tasks Resetting the System – 102 –
4 Interface Configuration This chapter describes the following topics: ◆ Port Configuration – Configures connection settings, including autonegotiation, or manual setting of speed, duplex mode, and flow control. ◆ Displaying Statistics – Shows Interface, Etherlike, and RMON port statistics in table or chart form. ◆ Displaying Statistical History – Displays statistical history for the specified interfaces.
Chapter 4 | Interface Configuration Port Configuration Port Configuration This section describes how to configure port connections, mirror traffic from one port to another, and run cable diagnostics. Configuring by Use the Interface > Port > General (Configure by Port List) page to enable/disable Port List an interface, set auto-negotiation and the interface capabilities to advertise, or manually fix the speed, duplex mode, and flow control.
Chapter 4 | Interface Configuration Port Configuration ■ 10f - Supports 10 Mbps full-duplex operation. ■ 100h - Supports 100 Mbps half-duplex operation. ■ 100f - Supports 100 Mbps full-duplex operation. ■ 1000f - Supports 1000 Mbps full-duplex operation. ■ FC - Flow control can eliminate frame loss by “blocking” traffic from end stations or segments connected directly to the switch when its buffers fill. When enabled, back pressure is used for half-duplex operation and IEEE 802.
Chapter 4 | Interface Configuration Port Configuration Figure 30: Configuring Connections by Port List Configuring by Use the Interface > Port > General (Configure by Port Range) page to enable/ Port Range disable an interface or manually fix the speed, duplex mode, and flow control. Parameters Except for the trap command, refer to “Configuring by Port List” on page 104 for more information on command usage and a description of the parameters. Web Interface To configure port connection parameters: 1.
Chapter 4 | Interface Configuration Port Configuration Figure 31: Configuring Connections by Port Range Displaying Use the Interface > Port > General (Show Information) page to display the current Connection Status connection status, including link state, speed/duplex mode, flow control, and autonegotiation. Parameters These parameters are displayed: ◆ Port – Port identifier. ◆ Type – Indicates the port type. (1000BASE SFP or 10GBASE SFP+, 40GBASE QSFP) ◆ Name – Interface label.
Chapter 4 | Interface Configuration Port Configuration Web Interface To display port connection parameters: 1. Click Interface, Port, General. 2. Select Show Information from the Action List. Figure 32: Displaying Port Information Showing Port or Trunk Use the Interface > Port/Trunk > Statistics or Chart page to display standard Statistics statistics on network traffic from the Interfaces Group and Ethernet-like MIBs, as well as a detailed breakdown of traffic based on the RMON MIB.
Chapter 4 | Interface Configuration Port Configuration Table 6: Port Statistics (Continued) Parameter Description Received Errors The number of inbound packets that contained errors preventing them from being deliverable to a higher-layer protocol. Internal MAC Receive Errors A count of frames for which reception on a particular interface fails due to an internal MAC sublayer receive error. Received Unicast Packets The number of subnetwork-unicast packets delivered to a higher-layer protocol.
Chapter 4 | Interface Configuration Port Configuration Table 6: Port Statistics (Continued) Parameter Description Pause Frames Output Pause outputs occur when the receiving port is getting overloaded and the device sends a pause request to the device connected to the port. RMON Statistics Drop Events The total number of events in which packets were dropped due to lack of resources.
Chapter 4 | Interface Configuration Port Configuration Web Interface To show a list of port statistics: 1. Click Interface, Port, Statistics. 2. Select the statistics mode to display (Interface, Etherlike, RMON or Utilization). 3. Select a port from the drop-down list. 4. Use the Refresh button to update the screen. Figure 33: Showing Port Statistics (Table) To show a chart of port statistics: 1. Click Interface, Port, Chart. 2. Select the statistics mode to display (Interface, Etherlike, RMON or All).
Chapter 4 | Interface Configuration Port Configuration Figure 34: Showing Port Statistics (Chart) Displaying Statistical Use the Interface > Port > History or Interface > Trunk > History page to display History statistical history for the specified interfaces. Command Usage ◆ For a description of the statistics displayed on these pages, see “Showing Port or Trunk Statistics” on page 108. ◆ To configure statistical history sampling, use the “Displaying Statistical History” on page 112.
Chapter 4 | Interface Configuration Port Configuration ◆ History Name – Name of sample interval. (Range: 1-31 characters) ◆ Interval - The interval for sampling statistics. (Range: 1-86400 seconds) ◆ Requested Buckets - The number of samples to take. (Range: 1-96) Show ◆ Port – Port number. (Range: 1-54) ◆ History Name – Name of sample interval. (Default settings: 15min, 1day) ◆ Interval - The interval for sampling statistics. ◆ Requested Buckets - The number of samples to take.
Chapter 4 | Interface Configuration Port Configuration Figure 35: Configuring a History Sample To show the configured entries for a history sample: 1. Click Interface, Port, Statistics, or Interface, Trunk, Statistics. 2. Select Show from the Action menu. 3. Select an interface from the Port or Trunk list. Figure 36: Showing Entries for History Sampling To show the configured parameters for a sampling entry: 1. Click Interface, Port, Statistics, or Interface, Trunk, Statistics. 2.
Chapter 4 | Interface Configuration Port Configuration Figure 37: Showing Status of Statistical History Sample To show statistics for the current interval of a sample entry: 1. Click Interface, Port, Statistics, or Interface, Trunk, Statistics. 2. Select Show Details from the Action menu. 3. Select Current Entry from the options for Mode. 4. Select an interface from the Port or Trunk list. 5. Select an sampling entry from the Name list.
Chapter 4 | Interface Configuration Port Configuration To show ingress or egress traffic statistics for a sample entry: 1. Click Interface, Port, Statistics, or Interface, Trunk, Statistics. 2. Select Show Details from the Action menu. 3. Select Input Previous Entry or Output Previous Entry from the options for Mode. 4. Select an interface from the Port or Trunk list. 5. Select an sampling entry from the Name list.
Chapter 4 | Interface Configuration Port Configuration problems with optical devices. This feature, referred to as Digital Diagnostic Monitoring (DDM) provides information on transceiver parameters. Web Interface To display identifying information and functional parameters for optical transceivers: 1. Click Interface, Port, Transceiver. 2. Select a port from the scroll-down list.
Chapter 4 | Interface Configuration Port Configuration The switch can display diagnostic information for SFP modules which support the SFF-8472 Specification for Diagnostic Monitoring Interface for Optical Transceivers. This information allows administrators to remotely diagnose problems with optical devices. This feature, referred to as Digital Diagnostic Monitoring (DDM) provides information on transceiver parameters.
Chapter 4 | Interface Configuration Port Configuration ■ Threshold events are triggered as described above to avoid a hysteresis effect which would continuously trigger event messages if the power level were to fluctuate just above and below either the high threshold or the low threshold. ■ Trap messages configured by this command are sent to any management station configured as an SNMP trap manager using the Administration > SNMP (Configure Trap) page.
Chapter 4 | Interface Configuration Port Configuration ◆ Cable diagnostics can only be performed on twisted-pair media. ◆ This cable test is only accurate for Gigabit Ethernet cables 7 - 100 meters long. ◆ The test takes approximately 5 seconds. The switch displays the results of the test immediately upon completion, including common cable failures, as well as the status and approximate length to a fault. ◆ Potential conditions which may be listed by the diagnostics include those listed below.
Chapter 4 | Interface Configuration Trunk Configuration Web Interface To test the cable attached to a port: 1. Click Interface, Port, Cable Test. 2. Click Test for any port to start the cable test. Figure 42: Performing Cable Tests Trunk Configuration This section describes how to configure static and dynamic trunks. You can create multiple links between devices that work as one virtual, aggregate link.
Chapter 4 | Interface Configuration Trunk Configuration Command Usage Besides balancing the load across each port in the trunk, the other ports provide redundancy by taking over the load if a port in the trunk fails. However, before making any physical connections between devices, use the web interface or CLI to specify the trunk on the devices at both ends.
Chapter 4 | Interface Configuration Trunk Configuration Parameters These parameters are displayed: ◆ Trunk ID – Trunk identifier. (Range: 1-26) ◆ Member – The initial trunk member. Use the Add Member page to configure additional members. ■ Unit – Unit identifier. (Range: 1) ■ Port – Port identifier. (Range: 1-54) Web Interface To create a static trunk: 1. Click Interface, Trunk, Static. 2. Select Configure Trunk from the Step list. 3. Select Add from the Action list. 4. Enter a trunk identifier. 5.
Chapter 4 | Interface Configuration Trunk Configuration 6. Click Apply. Figure 45: Adding Static Trunks Members To configure connection parameters for a static trunk: 1. Click Interface, Trunk, Static. 2. Select Configure General from the Step list. 3. Select Configure from the Action list. 4. Modify the required interface settings. (Refer to “Configuring by Port List” on page 104 for a description of the parameters.) 5. Click Apply.
Chapter 4 | Interface Configuration Trunk Configuration Figure 47: Showing Information for Static Trunks Configuring a Use the Interface > Trunk > Dynamic pages to set the administrative key for an Dynamic Trunk aggregation group, enable LACP on a port, configure protocol parameters for local and partner ports, or to set Ethernet connection parameters.
Chapter 4 | Interface Configuration Trunk Configuration of the first member port (see the “show lacp internal” command in the CLI Reference Guide). Parameters These parameters are displayed: Configure Aggregator ◆ Admin Key – LACP administration key is used to identify a specific link aggregation group (LAG) during local LACP setup on the switch. (Range: 0-65535) If the port channel admin key is not set when a channel group is formed (i.e.
Chapter 4 | Interface Configuration Trunk Configuration Configure Aggregation Port - General ◆ Port – Port identifier. (Range:1-54) ◆ LACP Status – Enables or disables LACP on a port. Configure Aggregation Port - Actor/Partner ◆ Port – Port number. (Range: 1-54) ◆ Mode – Specifies the port’s LACP activity mode. ◆ ■ Active – Specifies the port’s activity mode to initiate and transmit LACP negotiation packets.
Chapter 4 | Interface Configuration Trunk Configuration ■ If an LAG already exists with the maximum number of allowed port members, and LACP is subsequently enabled on another port using a higher priority than an existing member, the newly configured port will replace an existing port member that has a lower priority.
Chapter 4 | Interface Configuration Trunk Configuration 6. Click Apply. Figure 50: Enabling LACP on a Port To configure LACP parameters for group members: 1. Click Interface, Trunk, Dynamic. 2. Select Configure Aggregation Port from the Step list. 3. Select Configure from the Action list. 4. Click Actor or Partner. 5. Configure the required settings. 6. Click Apply.
Chapter 4 | Interface Configuration Trunk Configuration To show the active members of a dynamic trunk: 1. Click Interface, Trunk, Dynamic. 2. Select Configure Trunk from the Step list. 3. Select Show Member from the Action list. 4. Select a Trunk. Figure 52: Showing Members of a Dynamic Trunk To configure connection parameters for a dynamic trunk: 1. Click Interface, Trunk, Dynamic. 2. Select Configure Trunk from the Step list. 3. Select Configure from the Action list. 4.
Chapter 4 | Interface Configuration Trunk Configuration To show connection parameters for a dynamic trunk: 1. Click Interface, Trunk, Dynamic. 2. Select Configure Trunk from the Step list. 3. Select Show from the Action list. Figure 54: Showing Connection Parameters for Dynamic Trunks Displaying LACP Use the Interface > Trunk > Dynamic (Configure Aggregation Port - Show Port Counters Information - Counters) page to display statistics for LACP protocol messages.
Chapter 4 | Interface Configuration Trunk Configuration 5. Select a group member from the Port list. Figure 55: Displaying LACP Port Counters Displaying LACP Use the Interface > Trunk > Dynamic (Configure Aggregation Port - Show Settings and Status Information - Internal) page to display the configuration settings and operational for the Local Side state for the local side of a link aggregation.
Chapter 4 | Interface Configuration Trunk Configuration Table 8: LACP Internal Configuration Information (Continued) Parameter Description Admin State, Oper State (continued) ◆ ◆ ◆ Aggregation – The system considers this link to be aggregatable; i.e., a potential candidate for aggregation. Long timeout – Periodic transmission of LACPDUs uses a slow transmission rate. LACP-Activity – Activity control value with regard to this link.
Chapter 4 | Interface Configuration Trunk Configuration Displaying LACP Use the Interface > Trunk > Dynamic (Configure Aggregation Port - Show Settings and Status Information - Neighbors) page to display the configuration settings and for the Remote Side operational state for the remote side of a link aggregation. Parameters These parameters are displayed: Table 9: LACP Remote Device Configuration Information Parameter Description Partner Admin System LAG partner’s system ID assigned by the user.
Chapter 4 | Interface Configuration Trunk Configuration Figure 57: Displaying LACP Port Remote Information Configuring Use the Interface > Trunk > Load Balance page to set the load-distribution method Load Balancing used among ports in aggregated links. Command Usage ◆ This command applies to all static and dynamic trunks on the switch.
Chapter 4 | Interface Configuration Trunk Configuration ■ Source and destination MAC Address: All traffic with the same source and destination MAC address is output on the same link in a trunk. This mode works best for switch-to-switch trunk links where traffic through the switch is received from and destined for many different hosts. ■ Source IP Address: All traffic with the same source IP address is output on the same link in a trunk.
Chapter 4 | Interface Configuration Configuring Local Port Mirroring Configuring Local Port Mirroring Use the Interface > Port > Mirror page to mirror traffic from any source port to a target port for real-time analysis. You can then attach a logic analyzer or RMON probe to the target port and study the traffic crossing the source port in a completely unobtrusive manner.
Chapter 4 | Interface Configuration Configuring Local Port Mirroring 3. Specify the source port. 4. Specify the monitor port. 5. Specify the traffic type to be mirrored. 6. Click Apply. Figure 60: Configuring Local Port Mirroring To display the configured mirror sessions: 1. Click Interface, Port, Mirror. 2. Select Show from the Action List.
Chapter 4 | Interface Configuration Configuring Remote Port Mirroring Configuring Remote Port Mirroring Use the Interface > RSPAN page to mirror traffic from remote switches for analysis at a destination port on the local switch. This feature, also called Remote Switched Port Analyzer (RSPAN), carries traffic generated on the specified source ports for each session over a user-specified VLAN dedicated to that RSPAN session in all participating switches.
Chapter 4 | Interface Configuration Configuring Remote Port Mirroring 3. Set up all intermediate switches on the RSPAN configuration page, entering the mirror session, the switch’s role (Intermediate), the RSPAN VLAN, and the uplink port(s). 4. Set up the destination switch on the RSPAN configuration page by specifying the mirror session, the switch’s role (Destination), the destination port1, whether or not the traffic exiting this port will be tagged or untagged, and the RSPAN VLAN.
Chapter 4 | Interface Configuration Configuring Remote Port Mirroring Parameters These parameters are displayed: ◆ Session – A number identifying this RSPAN session. (Range: 1) Only one active session is allowed. ◆ Operation Status – Indicates whether or not RSPAN is currently functioning. ◆ Switch Role – Specifies the role this switch performs in mirroring traffic. ■ None – This switch will not participate in RSPAN. ■ Source - Specifies this device as the source of remotely mirrored traffic.
Chapter 4 | Interface Configuration Configuring Remote Port Mirroring Web Interface To configure a remote mirror session: 1. Click Interface, RSPAN. 2. Set the Switch Role to None, Source, Intermediate, or Destination. 3. Configure the required settings for each switch participating in the RSPAN VLAN. 4. Click Apply.
Chapter 4 | Interface Configuration Sampling Traffic Flows Figure 65: Configuring Remote Port Mirroring (Destination) Sampling Traffic Flows The flow sampling (sFlow) feature embedded on this switch, together with a remote sFlow Collector, can provide network administrators with an accurate, detailed and real-time overview of the types and levels of traffic present on their network.
Chapter 4 | Interface Configuration Sampling Traffic Flows ◆ Trending and capacity planning Configuring sFlow Use the Interface > sFlow (Configure Receiver – Add) page to create an sFlow Receiver Settings receiver on the switch. Parameters These parameters are displayed: ◆ Receiver Owner Name2 – The name of the receiver.
Chapter 4 | Interface Configuration Sampling Traffic Flows 5. Click Apply. Figure 66: Configuring an sFlow Receiver Web Interface To show configured receivers: 1. Click Interface, sFlow. 2. Select Configure Receiver from the Step list. 3. Select Show from the Action list.
Chapter 4 | Interface Configuration Sampling Traffic Flows data source instance for a specific interface that takes samples periodically based on the number of packets processed. ◆ Data Source – The source from which the samples will be taken and sent to a collector. ◆ Instance ID – An instance ID used to identify the sampling source. (Range: 1) ◆ Sampling Rate – The number of packets out of which one sample will be taken.
Chapter 4 | Interface Configuration Traffic Segmentation 3. Select Show from the Action list. 4. Select the owner name from the scroll-down list. 5. Select sFlow type as Sampling or Polling. Figure 69: Showing sFlow Instances Traffic Segmentation If tighter security is required for passing traffic from different clients through downlink ports on the local network and over uplink ports to the service provider, port-based traffic segmentation can be used to isolate traffic for individual clients.
Chapter 4 | Interface Configuration Traffic Segmentation Web Interface To enable traffic segmentation: 1. Click Interface, Traffic Segmentation. 2. Select Configure Global from the Step list. 3. Mark the Status check box, and set the required uplink-to-uplink mode. 4. Click Apply. Figure 70: Enabling Traffic Segmentation Configuring Uplink Use the Interface > Traffic Segmentation (Configure Session) page to assign the and Downlink Ports downlink and uplink ports to use in the segmented group.
Chapter 4 | Interface Configuration Traffic Segmentation ◆ When traffic segmentation is disabled, all ports operate in normal forwarding mode based on the settings specified by other functions such as VLANs and spanning tree protocol. ◆ A port cannot be configured in both an uplink and downlink list. ◆ A port can only be assigned to one traffic-segmentation session. ◆ A downlink port can only communicate with an uplink port in the same session.
Chapter 4 | Interface Configuration VLAN Trunking Figure 71: Configuring Members for Traffic Segmentation To show the members of the traffic segmentation group: 1. Click Interface, Traffic Segmentation. 2. Select Configure Session from the Step list. 3. Select Show from the Action list. Figure 72: Showing Traffic Segmentation Members VLAN Trunking Use the Interface > VLAN Trunking page to allow unknown VLAN groups to pass through the specified interface.
Chapter 4 | Interface Configuration VLAN Trunking Figure 73: Configuring VLAN Trunking Without VLAN trunking, you would have to configure VLANs 1 and 2 on all intermediate switches – C, D and E; otherwise these switches would drop any frames with unknown VLAN group tags. However, by enabling VLAN trunking on the intermediate switch ports along the path connecting VLANs 1 and 2, you only need to create these VLAN groups in switches A and B.
Chapter 4 | Interface Configuration VLAN Trunking 3. Enable VLAN trunking on any of the ports or on a trunk. 4. Click Apply.
5 VLAN Configuration This chapter includes the following topics: ◆ IEEE 802.1Q VLANs – Configures static and dynamic VLANs. ◆ IEEE 802.1Q Tunneling – Configures QinQ tunneling to maintain customerspecific VLAN and Layer 2 protocol configurations across a service provider network, even when different customers use the same internal VLAN IDs. ◆ L2PT Tunneling – Configures Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling for the specified protocol. ◆ Protocol VLANs3 – Configures VLAN groups based on specified protocols.
Chapter 5 | VLAN Configuration IEEE 802.1Q VLANs VLANs help to simplify network management by allowing you to move devices to a new VLAN without having to change any physical connections. VLANs can be easily organized to reflect departmental groups (such as Marketing or R&D), usage groups (such as e-mail), or multicast groups (used for multimedia applications such as video conferencing).
Chapter 5 | VLAN Configuration IEEE 802.1Q VLANs Figure 75: VLAN Compliant and VLAN Non-compliant Devices tagged frames VA VA VA: VLAN Aware VU: VLAN Unaware tagged frames VA untagged frames VA VU VLAN Classification – When the switch receives a frame, it classifies the frame in one of two ways. If the frame is untagged, the switch assigns the frame to an associated VLAN (based on the default VLAN ID of the receiving port).
Chapter 5 | VLAN Configuration IEEE 802.1Q VLANs disable GVRP on the boundary ports to prevent advertisements from being propagated, or forbid those ports from joining restricted VLANs. Note: If you have host devices that do not support GVRP, you should configure static or untagged VLANs for the switch ports connected to these devices (as described in “Adding Static Members to VLANs” on page 159). But you can still enable GVRP on these edge switches, as well as on the core switches in the network.
Chapter 5 | VLAN Configuration IEEE 802.1Q VLANs Configuring VLAN Use the VLAN > Static (Add) page to create or remove VLAN groups, set Groups administrative status, or specify Remote VLAN type (see “Configuring Remote Port Mirroring” on page 139). To propagate information about VLAN groups used on this switch to external network devices, you must specify a VLAN ID for each of these groups. Parameters These parameters are displayed: Add ◆ VLAN ID – ID of VLAN or range of VLANs (1-4094).
Chapter 5 | VLAN Configuration IEEE 802.1Q VLANs 2. Select Add from the Action list. 3. Enter a VLAN ID or range of IDs. 4. Check Status to configure the VLAN as operational. 5. Specify whether the VLANs are to be used for remote port mirroring. 6. Click Apply. Figure 77: Creating Static VLANs To modify the configuration settings for VLAN groups: 1. Click VLAN, Static. 2. Select Modify from the Action list. 3. Select the identifier of a configured VLAN. 4.
Chapter 5 | VLAN Configuration IEEE 802.1Q VLANs To show the configuration settings for VLAN groups: 1. Click VLAN, Static. 2. Select Show from the Action list. Figure 79: Showing Static VLANs Adding Static Use the VLAN > Static (Edit Member by VLAN, Edit Member by Interface, or Edit Members to VLANs Member by Interface Range) pages to configure port members for the selected VLAN index, interface, or a range of interfaces.
Chapter 5 | VLAN Configuration IEEE 802.1Q VLANs identify the source VLAN. Note that frames belonging to the port’s default VLAN (i.e., associated with the PVID) are also transmitted as tagged frames. ◆ PVID – VLAN ID assigned to untagged frames received on the interface. (Default: 1) When using Access mode, and an interface is assigned to a new VLAN, its PVID is automatically set to the identifier for that VLAN.
Chapter 5 | VLAN Configuration IEEE 802.1Q VLANs Note: VLAN 1 is the default untagged VLAN containing all ports on the switch using Hybrid mode. Edit Member by Interface All parameters are the same as those described under the preceding section for Edit Member by VLAN. Edit Member by Interface Range All parameters are the same as those described under the earlier section for Edit Member by VLAN, except for the items shown below. ◆ Port Range – Displays a list of ports.
Chapter 5 | VLAN Configuration IEEE 802.1Q VLANs Figure 80: Configuring Static Members by VLAN Index To configure static members by interface: 1. Click VLAN, Static. 2. Select Edit Member by Interface from the Action list. 3. Select a port or trunk configure. 4. Modify the settings for any interface as required. 5. Click Apply. Figure 81: Configuring Static VLAN Members by Interface To configure static members by interface range: 1. Click VLAN, Static. 2.
Chapter 5 | VLAN Configuration IEEE 802.1Q VLANs 4. Enter an interface range. 5. Modify the VLAN parameters as required. Remember that the PVID, acceptable frame type, and ingress filtering parameters for each interface within the specified range must be configured on either the Edit Member by VLAN or Edit Member by Interface page. 6. Click Apply.
Chapter 5 | VLAN Configuration IEEE 802.1Q VLANs discarded and no GVRP registrations will be propagated from other ports. (Default: Disabled) GVRP cannot be enabled for ports set to Access mode (see “Adding Static Members to VLANs” on page 159). ◆ GVRP Timers – Timer settings must follow this rule: 2 x (join timer) < leave timer < leaveAll timer ■ Join – The interval between transmitting requests/queries to participate in a VLAN group.
Chapter 5 | VLAN Configuration IEEE 802.1Q VLANs Figure 83: Configuring Global Status of GVRP To configure GVRP status and timers on a port or trunk: 1. Click VLAN, Dynamic. 2. Select Configure Interface from the Step list. 3. Set the Interface type to display as Port or Trunk. 4. Modify the GVRP status or timers for any interface. 5. Click Apply. Figure 84: Configuring GVRP for an Interface To show the dynamic VLAN joined by this switch: 1. Click VLAN, Dynamic. 2.
Chapter 5 | VLAN Configuration IEEE 802.1Q VLANs Figure 85: Showing Dynamic VLANs Registered on the Switch To show the members of a dynamic VLAN: 1. Click VLAN, Dynamic. 2. Select Show Dynamic VLAN from the Step list. 3. Select Show VLAN Members from the Action list.
Chapter 5 | VLAN Configuration IEEE 802.1Q Tunneling IEEE 802.1Q Tunneling IEEE 802.1Q Tunneling (QinQ) is designed for service providers carrying traffic for multiple customers across their networks. QinQ tunneling is used to maintain customer-specific VLAN and Layer 2 protocol configurations even when different customers use the same internal VLAN IDs.
Chapter 5 | VLAN Configuration IEEE 802.
Chapter 5 | VLAN Configuration IEEE 802.1Q Tunneling Layer 2 Flow for Packets Coming into a Tunnel Uplink Port An uplink port receives one of the following packets: ◆ Untagged ◆ One tag (CVLAN or SPVLAN) ◆ Double tag (CVLAN + SPVLAN) The ingress process does source and destination lookups. If both lookups are successful, the ingress process writes the packet to memory. Then the egress process transmits the packet. Packets entering a QinQ uplink port are processed in the following manner: 1.
Chapter 5 | VLAN Configuration IEEE 802.1Q Tunneling Configuration Limitations for QinQ ◆ The native VLAN of uplink ports should not be used as the SPVLAN. If the SPVLAN is the uplink port's native VLAN, the uplink port must be an untagged member of the SPVLAN. Then the outer SPVLAN tag will be stripped when the packets are sent out. Another reason is that it causes non-customer packets to be forwarded to the SPVLAN.
Chapter 5 | VLAN Configuration IEEE 802.1Q Tunneling 7. Configure the QinQ tunnel uplink port to join the SPVLAN as a tagged member (see “Adding Static Members to VLANs” on page 159). Enabling QinQ Use the VLAN > Tunnel (Configure Global) page to configure the switch to operate Tunneling on in IEEE 802.1Q (QinQ) tunneling mode, which is used for passing Layer 2 traffic the Switch across a service provider’s metropolitan area network.
Chapter 5 | VLAN Configuration IEEE 802.1Q Tunneling Figure 88: Enabling QinQ Tunneling Creating Use the VLAN > Tunnel (Configure Service) page to create a CVLAN to SPVLAN CVLAN to SPVLAN mapping entry. Mapping Entries Command Usage ◆ The inner VLAN tag of a customer packet entering the edge router of a service provider’s network is mapped to an outer tag indicating the service provider VLAN that will carry this traffic across the 802.1Q tunnel.
Chapter 5 | VLAN Configuration IEEE 802.1Q Tunneling Web Interface To configure a mapping entry: 1. Click VLAN, Tunnel. 2. Select Configure Service from the Step list. 3. Select Add from the Action list. 4. Select an interface from the Port list. 5. Select a Match Type. 6. Specify the CVID to SVID mapping for packets exiting the specified port. 7. Select to maintain or remove the Customer tag. 8. Click Apply. Figure 89: Configuring CVLAN to SPVLAN Mapping Entries To show the mapping table: 1.
Chapter 5 | VLAN Configuration IEEE 802.1Q Tunneling The preceding example sets the SinVID to 99 the outer tag for egress packets exiting port 1 when the packet’s CVID is 2. For a more detailed example, see the “switchport dot1q-tunnel service match cvid” command in the CLI Reference Guide. Adding an Interface Follow the guidelines under "Enabling QinQ Tunneling on the Switch" in the to a QinQ Tunnel preceding section to set up a QinQ tunnel on the switch.
Chapter 5 | VLAN Configuration L2PT Tunneling 2. Select Configure Interface from the Step list. 3. Set the mode for any tunnel access port to Access and the tunnel uplink port to Uplink. 4. Click Apply. Figure 91: Adding an Interface to a QinQ Tunnel L2PT Tunneling When Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling (L2PT) is not used, protocol packets (e.g., STP) are flooded to 802.1Q access ports on the same edge switch, but filtered from 802.1Q tunnel ports.
Chapter 5 | VLAN Configuration L2PT Tunneling access port, or (3) received packet is Cisco-compatible L2PT (i.e., as indicated by a proprietary MAC address). Processing protocol packets defined in IEEE 802.1ad – Provider Bridges ◆ ◆ When an IEEE 802.1ad protocol packet is received on an uplink port (i.e., an 802.
Chapter 5 | VLAN Configuration L2PT Tunneling ■ ■ L2PT is enabled on this port, it is forwarded to the following ports in the same S-VLAN: (a) other access ports for which L2PT is enabled, and (b) uplink ports after rewriting the destination address to make it a GBPT protocol packet (i.e., setting the destination address to 01-00-0CCD-CD-D0).
Chapter 5 | VLAN Configuration L2PT Tunneling Figure 92: Configuring the L2PT Tunnel Address Enabling L2PT for Use the VLAN > L2PT (Configure Interface) page to enable Layer 2 Protocol Selected Interfaces Tunneling on selected interfaces. Parameters These parameters are displayed: ◆ Interface – Port or trunk identifier.
Chapter 5 | VLAN Configuration Protocol VLANs Figure 93: Enabling L2PT on Required Interfaces Protocol VLANs The network devices required to support multiple protocols cannot be easily grouped into a common VLAN. This may require non-standard devices to pass traffic between different VLANs in order to encompass all the devices participating in a specific protocol. This kind of configuration deprives users of the basic benefits of VLANs, including security and easy accessibility.
Chapter 5 | VLAN Configuration Protocol VLANs Configuring Protocol Use the VLAN > Protocol (Configure Protocol - Add) page to create protocol groups. VLAN Groups Parameters These parameters are displayed: ◆ Frame Type – Choose either Ethernet, RFC 1042, or LLC Other as the frame type used by this protocol. ◆ Protocol Type – Specifies the protocol type to match. The available options are IP, ARP, RARP, PPPOE and IPv6. If LLC Other is chosen for the Frame Type, the only available Protocol Type is IPX Raw.
Chapter 5 | VLAN Configuration Protocol VLANs Figure 94: Configuring Protocol VLANs To configure a protocol group: 1. Click VLAN, Protocol. 2. Select Configure Protocol from the Step list. 3. Select Show from the Action list. Figure 95: Displaying Protocol VLANs Mapping Protocol Use the VLAN > Protocol (Configure Interface - Add) page to map a protocol group Groups to Interfaces to a VLAN for each interface that will participate in the group.
Chapter 5 | VLAN Configuration Protocol VLANs ■ If the frame is untagged and the protocol type matches, the frame is forwarded to the appropriate VLAN. ■ If the frame is untagged but the protocol type does not match, the frame is forwarded to the default VLAN for this interface. Parameters These parameters are displayed: ◆ Interface – Displays a list of ports or trunks. ◆ Port – Port Identifier. (Range: 1-54) ◆ Trunk – Trunk Identifier.
Chapter 5 | VLAN Configuration Configuring IP Subnet VLANs Figure 96: Assigning Interfaces to Protocol VLANs To show the protocol groups mapped to a port or trunk: 1. Click VLAN, Protocol. 2. Select Configure Interface from the Step list. 3. Select Show from the Action list. 4. Select a port or trunk. Figure 97: Showing the Interface to Protocol Group Mapping Configuring IP Subnet VLANs Use the VLAN > IP Subnet page to configure IP subnet-based VLANs.
Chapter 5 | VLAN Configuration Configuring IP Subnet VLANs Command Usage ◆ Each IP subnet can be mapped to only one VLAN ID. An IP subnet consists of an IP address and a mask. The specified VLAN need not be an existing VLAN. ◆ When an untagged frame is received by a port, the source IP address is checked against the IP subnet-to-VLAN mapping table, and if an entry is found, the corresponding VLAN ID is assigned to the frame. If no mapping is found, the PVID of the receiving port is assigned to the frame.
Chapter 5 | VLAN Configuration Configuring MAC-based VLANs 3. Enter an address in the IP Address field. 4. Enter a mask in the Subnet Mask field. 5. Enter the identifier in the VLAN field. Note that the specified VLAN need not already be configured. 6. Enter a value to assign to untagged frames in the Priority field. 7. Click Apply. Figure 98: Configuring IP Subnet VLANs To show the configured IP subnet VLANs: 1. Click VLAN, IP Subnet. 2. Select Show from the Action list.
Chapter 5 | VLAN Configuration Configuring MAC-based VLANs When no MAC address is matched, untagged frames are assigned to the receiving port’s native VLAN ID (PVID). Command Usage ◆ The MAC-to-VLAN mapping applies to all ports on the switch. ◆ Source MAC addresses can be mapped to only one VLAN ID. ◆ Configured MAC addresses cannot be broadcast or multicast addresses.
Chapter 5 | VLAN Configuration Configuring VLAN Mirroring 4. Enter an identifier in the VLAN field. Note that the specified VLAN need not already be configured. 5. Enter a value to assign to untagged frames in the Priority field. 6. Click Apply. Figure 100: Configuring MAC-Based VLANs To show the MAC addresses mapped to a VLAN: 1. Click VLAN, MAC-Based. 2. Select Show from the Action list.
Chapter 5 | VLAN Configuration Configuring VLAN Mirroring ◆ When VLAN mirroring and port mirroring are both enabled, they must use the same target port. ◆ When VLAN mirroring and port mirroring are both enabled, the target port can receive a mirrored packet twice; once from the source mirror port and again from the source mirrored VLAN. ◆ The target port receives traffic from all monitored source VLANs and can become congested. Some mirror traffic may therefore be dropped from the target port.
Chapter 5 | VLAN Configuration Configuring VLAN Translation To show the VLANs to be mirrored: 1. Click VLAN, Mirror. 2. Select Show from the Action list. Figure 103: Showing the VLANs to Mirror Configuring VLAN Translation Use the VLAN > Translation (Add) page to map VLAN IDs between the customer and service provider for networks that do not support IEEE 802.1Q tunneling.
Chapter 5 | VLAN Configuration Configuring VLAN Translation ◆ If VLAN translation is set on an interface, and the same interface is also configured as a QinQ access port on the VLAN > Tunnel (Configure Interface) page, VLAN tag assignments will be determined by the QinQ process, not by VLAN translation. Parameters These parameters are displayed: ◆ Port – Port identifier. ◆ Direction - Specifies to apply VLAN translation to ingress or egress traffic, or both. ◆ Old VLAN – The original VLAN ID.
Chapter 5 | VLAN Configuration Configuring VLAN Translation Figure 106: Showing the Entries for VLAN Translation – 191 –
Chapter 5 | VLAN Configuration Configuring VLAN Translation – 192 –
6 Address Table Settings Switches store the addresses for all known devices. This information is used to pass traffic directly between the inbound and outbound ports. All the addresses learned by monitoring traffic are stored in the dynamic address table. You can also manually configure static addresses that are bound to a specific port. This chapter describes the following topics: ◆ Dynamic Address Cache – Shows dynamic entries in the address table.
Chapter 6 | Address Table Settings Clearing the Dynamic Address Table ◆ Life Time – Shows the time to retain the specified address. Web Interface To show the dynamic address table: 1. Click MAC Address, Dynamic. 2. Select Show Dynamic MAC from the Action list. 3. Select the Sort Key (MAC Address, VLAN, or Interface). 4. Enter the search parameters (MAC Address, VLAN, or Interface). 5. Click Query.
Chapter 6 | Address Table Settings Changing the Aging Time Web Interface To clear the entries in the dynamic address table: 1. Click MAC Address, Dynamic. 2. Select Clear Dynamic MAC from the Action list. 3. Select the method by which to clear the entries (i.e., All, MAC Address, VLAN, or Interface). 4. Enter information in the additional fields required for clearing entries by MAC Address, VLAN, or Interface. 5. Click Clear.
Chapter 6 | Address Table Settings Configuring MAC Address Learning 4. Specify a new aging time. 5. Click Apply. Figure 109: Setting the Address Aging Time Configuring MAC Address Learning Use the MAC Address > Learning Status page to enable or disable MAC address learning on an interface. Command Usage ◆ When MAC address learning is disabled, the switch immediately stops learning new MAC addresses on the specified interface.
Chapter 6 | Address Table Settings Setting Static Addresses Parameters These parameters are displayed: ◆ Interface – Displays a list of ports or trunks. ◆ Port – Port Identifier. (Range: 1-54) ◆ Trunk – Trunk Identifier. (Range: 1-26) ◆ Status – The status of MAC address learning. (Default: Enabled) Web Interface To enable or disable MAC address learning: 1. Click MAC Address, Learning Status. 2. Set the learning status for any interface. 3. Click Apply.
Chapter 6 | Address Table Settings Setting Static Addresses ◆ Static addresses will not be removed from the address table when a given interface link is down. ◆ A static address cannot be learned on another port until the address is removed from the table. Parameters These parameters are displayed: Add Static Address ◆ VLAN – ID of configured VLAN. (Range: 1-4094) ◆ Interface – Port or trunk associated with the device assigned a static address.
Chapter 6 | Address Table Settings Configuring MAC Address Mirroring Figure 111: Configuring Static MAC Addresses To show the static addresses in MAC address table: 1. Click MAC Address, Static. 2. Select Show from the Action list. Figure 112: Displaying Static MAC Addresses Configuring MAC Address Mirroring Use the MAC Address > Mirror (Add) page to mirror traffic matching a specified source address from any port on the switch to a target port for real-time analysis.
Chapter 6 | Address Table Settings Configuring MAC Address Mirroring ◆ When mirroring VLAN traffic (see “Configuring VLAN Mirroring” on page 198) or packets based on a source MAC address, the target port cannot be set to the same target ports as that used for port mirroring (see “Configuring Local Port Mirroring” on page 126).
Chapter 6 | Address Table Settings Issuing MAC Address Traps Figure 114: Showing the Source MAC Addresses to Mirror Issuing MAC Address Traps Use the MAC Address > MAC Notification pages to send SNMP traps (i.e., SNMP notifications) when a dynamic MAC address is added or removed. Parameters These parameters are displayed: Configure Global ◆ MAC Notification Traps – Issues a trap when a dynamic MAC address is added or removed.
Chapter 6 | Address Table Settings Issuing MAC Address Traps Figure 115: Issuing MAC Address Traps (Global Configuration) To enable MAC address traps at the interface level: 1. Click MAC Address, MAC Notification. 2. Select Configure Interface from the Step list. 3. Enable MAC notification traps for the required ports. 4. Click Apply.
7 Spanning Tree Algorithm This chapter describes the following basic topics: ◆ Loopback Detection – Configures detection and response to loopback BPDUs. ◆ Global Settings for STA – Configures global bridge settings for STP, RSTP and MSTP. ◆ Interface Settings for STA – Configures interface settings for STA, including priority, path cost, link type, and designation as an edge port.
Chapter 7 | Spanning Tree Algorithm Overview Figure 117: STP Root Ports and Designated Ports Designated Root x x x Designated Bridge x Designated Port Root Port x Once a stable network topology has been established, all bridges listen for Hello BPDUs (Bridge Protocol Data Units) transmitted from the Root Bridge. If a bridge does not get a Hello BPDU after a predefined interval (Maximum Age), the bridge assumes that the link to the Root Bridge is down.
Chapter 7 | Spanning Tree Algorithm Configuring Loopback Detection An MST Region consists of a group of interconnected bridges that have the same MST Configuration Identifiers (including the Region Name, Revision Level and Configuration Digest – see “Configuring Multiple Spanning Trees” on page 221). An MST Region may contain multiple MSTP Instances. An Internal Spanning Tree (IST) is used to connect all the MSTP switches within an MST region.
Chapter 7 | Spanning Tree Algorithm Configuring Loopback Detection Note: Loopback detection will not be active if Spanning Tree is disabled on the switch. Note: When configured for manual release mode, then a link down/up event will not release the port from the discarding state. Parameters These parameters are displayed: ◆ Interface – Displays a list of ports or trunks. ◆ Status – Enables loopback detection on this interface.
Chapter 7 | Spanning Tree Algorithm Configuring Global Settings for STA Figure 120: Configuring Port Loopback Detection Configuring Global Settings for STA Use the Spanning Tree > STA (Configure Global - Configure) page to configure global settings for the spanning tree that apply to the entire switch. Command Usage ◆ Spanning Tree Protocol5 This option uses RSTP set to STP forced compatibility mode. It uses RSTP for the internal state machine, but sends only 802.1D BPDUs.
Chapter 7 | Spanning Tree Algorithm Configuring Global Settings for STA ■ ◆ RSTP Mode – If RSTP is using 802.1D BPDUs on a port and receives an RSTP BPDU after the migration delay expires, RSTP restarts the migration delay timer and begins using RSTP BPDUs on that port. Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol MSTP generates a unique spanning tree for each instance.
Chapter 7 | Spanning Tree Algorithm Configuring Global Settings for STA ◆ BPDU Flooding – Configures how the system floods BPDUs to other ports when spanning tree is disabled globally on the switch or disabled on specific ports. ■ To VLAN: Floods BPDUs to all other spanning tree-disabled ports within the receiving port’s native VLAN (i.e., as determined by port’s PVID). This is the default. ■ To All: Floods BPDUs to all other spanning tree-disabled ports on the switch.
Chapter 7 | Spanning Tree Algorithm Configuring Global Settings for STA is a root port, a new root port is selected from among the device ports attached to the network. (References to “ports” in this section mean “interfaces,” which includes both ports and trunks.) ■ ■ ■ ◆ Default: 20 Minimum: The higher of 6 or [2 x (Hello Time + 1)] Maximum: The lower of 40 or [2 x (Forward Delay - 1)] Forward Delay – The maximum time (in seconds) this device will wait before changing states (i.e.
Chapter 7 | Spanning Tree Algorithm Configuring Global Settings for STA Web Interface To configure global STA settings: 1. Click Spanning Tree, STA. 2. Select Configure Global from the Step list. 3. Select Configure from the Action list. 4. Modify any of the required attributes. Note that the parameters displayed for the spanning tree types (STP, RSTP, MSTP) varies as described in the preceding section. 5.
Chapter 7 | Spanning Tree Algorithm Configuring Global Settings for STA Figure 122: Configuring Global Settings for STA (RSTP) Figure 123: Configuring Global Settings for STA (MSTP) – 212 –
Chapter 7 | Spanning Tree Algorithm Displaying Global Settings for STA Displaying Global Settings for STA Use the Spanning Tree > STA (Configure Global - Show Information) page to display a summary of the current bridge STA information that applies to the entire switch.
Chapter 7 | Spanning Tree Algorithm Configuring Interface Settings for STA Figure 124: Displaying Global Settings for STA Configuring Interface Settings for STA Use the Spanning Tree > STA (Configure Interface - Configure) page to configure RSTP and MSTP attributes for specific interfaces, including port priority, path cost, link type, and edge port.
Chapter 7 | Spanning Tree Algorithm Configuring Interface Settings for STA ◆ Admin Path Cost – This parameter is used by the STA to determine the best path between devices. Therefore, lower values should be assigned to ports attached to faster media, and higher values assigned to ports with slower media. Note that path cost takes precedence over port priority.
Chapter 7 | Spanning Tree Algorithm Configuring Interface Settings for STA If the path cost of i1 on SW2 is never configured/changed, it is 10000. Then the root path cost for i2 on SW3 used to compete for the role of root port is 10000 + path cost of i2 on SW3. The path cost of i1 on SW3 is also 10000 if not configured/changed.
Chapter 7 | Spanning Tree Algorithm Configuring Interface Settings for STA An interface cannot function as an edge port under the following conditions: ■ If spanning tree mode is set to STP (page 207), edge-port mode cannot automatically transition to operational edge-port state using the automatic setting. ■ If loopback detection is enabled (page 205) and a loopback BPDU is detected, the interface cannot function as an edge port until the loopback state is released.
Chapter 7 | Spanning Tree Algorithm Displaying Interface Settings for STA ◆ TC Propagate Stop – Stops the propagation of topology change notifications (TCN for STP) and topology change messages (TC for RSTP/MSTP). (Default: Disabled) Web Interface To configure interface settings for STA: 1. Click Spanning Tree, STA. 2. Select Configure Interface from the Step list. 3. Select Configure from the Action list. 4. Modify any of the required attributes. 5. Click Apply.
Chapter 7 | Spanning Tree Algorithm Displaying Interface Settings for STA ■ Learning - Port has transmitted configuration messages for an interval set by the Forward Delay parameter without receiving contradictory information. Port address table is cleared, and the port begins learning addresses. ■ Forwarding - Port forwards packets, and continues learning addresses. The rules defining port status are: ■ A port on a network segment with no other STA compliant bridging device is always forwarding.
Chapter 7 | Spanning Tree Algorithm Displaying Interface Settings for STA bridge ports, or LANs fail or are removed. The role is set to disabled (i.e., disabled port) if a port has no role within the spanning tree. Figure 127: STA Port Roles R: Root Port A: Alternate Port D: Designated Port B: Backup Port Alternate port receives more useful BPDUs from another bridge and is therefore not selected as the designated R port.
Chapter 7 | Spanning Tree Algorithm Configuring Multiple Spanning Trees Figure 128: Displaying Interface Settings for STA Configuring Multiple Spanning Trees Use the Spanning Tree > MSTP (Configure Global) page to create an MSTP instance, or to add VLAN groups to an MSTP instance. Command Usage MSTP generates a unique spanning tree for each instance.
Chapter 7 | Spanning Tree Algorithm Configuring Multiple Spanning Trees Parameters These parameters are displayed: ◆ MST ID – Instance identifier to configure. (Range: 0-4094) ◆ VLAN ID – VLAN to assign to this MST instance. (Range: 1-4094) ◆ Priority – The priority of a spanning tree instance.
Chapter 7 | Spanning Tree Algorithm Configuring Multiple Spanning Trees To show the MSTP instances: 1. Click Spanning Tree, MSTP. 2. Select Configure Global from the Step list. 3. Select Show from the Action list. Figure 130: Displaying MST Instances To modify the priority for an MST instance: 1. Click Spanning Tree, MSTP. 2. Select Configure Global from the Step list. 3. Select Modify from the Action list. 4. Modify the priority for an MSTP Instance. 5. Click Apply.
Chapter 7 | Spanning Tree Algorithm Configuring Multiple Spanning Trees 4. Select an MST ID. The attributes displayed on this page are described under “Displaying Global Settings for STA” on page 213. Figure 132: Displaying Global Settings for an MST Instance To add additional VLAN groups to an MSTP instance: 1. Click Spanning Tree, MSTP. 2. Select Configure Global from the Step list. 3. Select Add Member from the Action list. 4. Select an MST instance from the MST ID list. 5.
Chapter 7 | Spanning Tree Algorithm Configuring Interface Settings for MSTP To show the VLAN members of an MSTP instance: 1. Click Spanning Tree, MSTP. 2. Select Configure Global from the Step list. 3. Select Show Member from the Action list. Figure 134: Displaying Members of an MST Instance Configuring Interface Settings for MSTP Use the Spanning Tree > MSTP (Configure Interface - Configure) page to configure the STA interface settings for an MST instance.
Chapter 7 | Spanning Tree Algorithm Configuring Interface Settings for MSTP ◆ Priority – Defines the priority used for this port in the Spanning Tree Protocol. If the path cost for all ports on a switch are the same, the port with the highest priority (i.e., lowest value) will be configured as an active link in the Spanning Tree. This makes a port with higher priority less likely to be blocked if the Spanning Tree Protocol is detecting network loops.
Chapter 7 | Spanning Tree Algorithm Configuring Interface Settings for MSTP To display MSTP parameters for a port or trunk: 1. Click Spanning Tree, MSTP. 2. Select Configure Interface from the Step list. 3. Select Show Information from the Action list.
Chapter 7 | Spanning Tree Algorithm Configuring Interface Settings for MSTP – 228 –
8 Congestion Control The switch can set the maximum upload or download data transfer rate for any port. It can also control traffic storms by setting a maximum threshold for broadcast traffic or multicast traffic. It can also set bounding thresholds for broadcast and multicast storms which can be used to automatically trigger rate limits or to shut down a port. Congestion Control includes following options: ◆ Rate Limiting – Sets the input and output rate limits for a port.
Chapter 8 | Congestion Control Storm Control 64 - 10,000,000 kbits per second for 10 Gigabit Ethernet ports; 64 - 20,000,000 kbits per second for 20 Gigabit Ethernet ports) ◆ Resolution – Indicates the resolution at which the rate can be configured. Web Interface To configure rate limits: 1. Click Traffic, Rate Limit. 2. Set the interface type to Port or Trunk. 3. Enable the Rate Limit Status for the required interface. 4. Set the rate limit for required interfaces. 5. Click Apply.
Chapter 8 | Congestion Control Storm Control ◆ When traffic exceeds the threshold specified for broadcast and multicast or unknown unicast traffic, packets exceeding the threshold are dropped until the rate falls back down beneath the threshold. ◆ Rate limits set by the storm control function are also used by automatic storm control when the control response is set to rate control on the Auto Traffic Control (Configure Interface) page.
Chapter 8 | Congestion Control Automatic Traffic Control Figure 138: Configuring Storm Control Automatic Traffic Control Use the Traffic > Auto Traffic Control pages to configure bounding thresholds for broadcast and multicast storms which can automatically trigger rate limits or shut down a port. Command Usage ATC includes storm control for broadcast or multicast traffic. The control response for either of these traffic types is the same, as shown in the following diagrams.
Chapter 8 | Congestion Control Automatic Traffic Control ◆ Alarm Clear Threshold – The lower threshold beneath which a control response can be automatically terminated after the release timer expires. When ingress traffic falls below this threshold, ATC sends a Storm Alarm Clear Trap and logs it. ◆ When traffic falls below the alarm clear threshold after the release timer expires, traffic control (for rate limiting) will be stopped and a Traffic Control Release Trap sent and logged.
Chapter 8 | Congestion Control Automatic Traffic Control be triggered (as configured under the Action field) or a trap message sent (as configured under the Trap Storm Fire field). ◆ The release timer only applies to a Rate Control response set in the Action field of the ATC (Interface Configuration) page. When a port has been shut down by a control response, it must be manually re-enabled using the Manual Control Release (see page 235).
Chapter 8 | Congestion Control Automatic Traffic Control Configuring ATC Use the Traffic > Auto Traffic Control (Configure Interface) page to set the storm Thresholds and control mode (broadcast or multicast), the traffic thresholds, the control response, Responses to automatically release a response of rate limiting, or to send related SNMP trap messages. Parameters These parameters are displayed: ◆ Storm Control – Specifies automatic storm control for broadcast traffic or multicast traffic.
Chapter 8 | Congestion Control Automatic Traffic Control Once the traffic rate exceeds the upper threshold and the Apply Timer expires, a trap message will be sent if configured by the Trap Storm Fire attribute. ◆ Alarm Clear Threshold – The lower threshold for ingress traffic beneath which a control response for rate limiting will be released after the Release Timer expires, if so configured by the Auto Release Control attribute.
Chapter 8 | Congestion Control Automatic Traffic Control Figure 142: Configuring ATC Interface Attributes – 237 –
Chapter 8 | Congestion Control Automatic Traffic Control – 238 –
9 Class of Service Class of Service (CoS) allows you to specify which data packets have greater precedence when traffic is buffered in the switch due to congestion. This switch supports CoS with eight priority queues for each port. Data packets in a port’s highpriority queue will be transmitted before those in the lower-priority queues. You can set the default priority for each interface, and configure the mapping of frame priority tags to the switch’s priority queues.
Chapter 9 | Class of Service Layer 2 Queue Settings ◆ If the output port is an untagged member of the associated VLAN, these frames are stripped of all VLAN tags prior to transmission. Parameters These parameters are displayed: ◆ Interface – Displays a list of ports or trunks. ◆ CoS – The priority that is assigned to untagged frames received on the specified interface. (Range: 0-7; Default: 0) Web Interface To configure the queue mode: 1. Click Traffic, Priority, Default Priority. 2.
Chapter 9 | Class of Service Layer 2 Queue Settings the switch services each queue before moving on to the next queue. This prevents the head-of-line blocking that can occur with strict priority queuing. ◆ If Strict and WRR mode is selected, a combination of strict service is used for the high priority queues and weighted service for the remaining queues. The queues assigned to use strict priority should be specified using the Strict Mode field parameter.
Chapter 9 | Class of Service Layer 2 Queue Settings Web Interface To configure the queue mode: 1. Click Traffic, Priority, Queue. 2. Set the queue mode. 3. If the weighted queue mode is selected, the queue weight can be modified if required. 4. If the queue mode that uses a combination of strict and weighted queuing is selected, the queues which are serviced first must be specified by enabling strict mode parameter in the table. 5. Click Apply.
Chapter 9 | Class of Service Layer 2 Queue Settings Figure 146: Setting the Queue Mode (Strict and WRR) Mapping CoS Values Use the Traffic > Priority > PHB to Queue page to specify the hardware output to Egress Queues queues to use based on the internal per-hop behavior value. (For more information on exact manner in which the ingress priority tags are mapped to egress queues for internal processing, see “Mapping CoS Priorities to Internal DSCP Values” on page 250).
Chapter 9 | Class of Service Layer 2 Queue Settings The priority levels recommended in the IEEE 802.1p standard for various network applications are shown in Table 14. However, priority levels can be mapped to the switch’s output queues in any way that benefits application traffic for the network.
Chapter 9 | Class of Service Layer 2 Queue Settings 3. Select a port. 4. Map an internal PHB to a hardware queue. Depending on how an ingress packet is processed internally based on its CoS value, and the assigned output queue, the mapping done on this page can effectively determine the service priority for different traffic classes. 5. Click Apply. Figure 147: Mapping CoS Values to Egress Queues To show the internal PHB to hardware queue map: 1. Click Traffic, Priority, PHB to Queue. 2.
Chapter 9 | Class of Service Layer 3/4 Priority Settings Layer 3/4 Priority Settings Mapping Layer 3/4 Priorities to CoS Values The switch supports several common methods of prioritizing layer 3/4 traffic to meet application requirements. Traffic priorities can be specified in the IP header of a frame, using the priority bits in the Type of Service (ToS) octet, or the number of the TCP/UDP port.
Chapter 9 | Class of Service Layer 3/4 Priority Settings Parameters These parameters are displayed: ◆ Port – Port identifier. (Range: 1-54) ◆ Trust Mode ■ IP Precedence – Maps layer 3/4 priorities using IP Precedence values. ■ CoS – Maps layer 3/4 priorities using Class of Service values. (This is the default setting.) ■ DSCP – Maps layer 3/4 priorities using Differentiated Services Code Point values. Web Interface To configure the trust mode: 1. Click Traffic, Priority, Trust Mode. 2.
Chapter 9 | Class of Service Layer 3/4 Priority Settings ◆ This map is only used when the priority mapping mode is set to DSCP, and the ingress packet type is IPv4. Any attempt to configure the DSCP mutation map will not be accepted by the switch, unless the trust mode has been set to DSCP. ◆ Two QoS domains can have different DSCP definitions, so the DSCP-to-PHB/ Drop Precedence mutation map can be used to modify one set of DSCP values to match the definition of another domain.
Chapter 9 | Class of Service Layer 3/4 Priority Settings Web Interface To map DSCP values to internal PHB/drop precedence: 1. Click Traffic, Priority, DSCP to DSCP. 2. Select Configure from the Action list. 3. Select a port. 4. Set the PHB and drop precedence for any DSCP value. 5. Click Apply. Figure 150: Configuring DSCP to DSCP Internal Mapping To show the DSCP to internal PHB/drop precedence map: 1. Click Traffic, Priority, DSCP to DSCP. 2. Select Show from the Action list. 3. Select a port.
Chapter 9 | Class of Service Layer 3/4 Priority Settings Mapping Use the Traffic > Priority > CoS to DSCP page to maps CoS/CFI values in incoming CoS Priorities to packets to per-hop behavior and drop precedence values for priority processing. Internal DSCP Values Command Usage ◆ The default mapping of CoS to PHB values is shown in Table 17 on page 250. ◆ Enter up to eight CoS/CFI paired values, per-hop behavior and drop precedence. ◆ If a packet arrives with a 802.
Chapter 9 | Class of Service Layer 3/4 Priority Settings Web Interface To map CoS/CFI values to internal PHB/drop precedence: 1. Click Traffic, Priority, CoS to DSCP. 2. Select Configure from the Action list. 3. Select a port. 4. Set the PHB and drop precedence for any of the CoS/CFI combinations. 5. Click Apply.
Chapter 9 | Class of Service Layer 3/4 Priority Settings To show the CoS/CFI to internal PHB/drop precedence map: 1. Click Traffic, Priority, CoS to DSCP. 2. Select Show from the Action list. 3. Select a port. Figure 153: Showing CoS to DSCP Internal Mapping Mapping IP Use the Traffic > Priority > IP Precedence to DSCP page to map IP precedence Precedence Values to values in incoming packets to per-hop behavior and drop precedence values for Internal DSCP Values priority processing.
Chapter 9 | Class of Service Layer 3/4 Priority Settings Table 18: Mapping IP Precedence Priority Level Traffic Type 4 Flash Override 3 Flash 2 Immediate 1 Priority 0 Routine Command Usage ◆ Enter per-hop behavior and drop precedence for any of the IP Precedence values 0 - 7.
Chapter 9 | Class of Service Layer 3/4 Priority Settings 2. Select an interface. 3. Set the PHB and drop precedence for any of the IP Precedence values. 4. Click Apply. Figure 154: Configuring IP Precedence to DSCP Internal Mapping To show the IP Precedence to internal PHB/drop precedence map in the web interface: 1. Click Traffic, Priority, IP Precedence to DSCP. 1. Select Show from the Action list. 2. Select an interface.
10 Quality of Service This chapter describes the following tasks required to apply QoS policies: ◆ Class Map – Creates a map which identifies a specific class of traffic. ◆ Policy Map – Sets the boundary parameters used for monitoring inbound traffic, and the action to take for conforming and non-conforming traffic. ◆ Binding to a Port – Applies a policy map to an ingress port.
Chapter 10 | Quality of Service Configuring a Class Map Command Usage To create a service policy for a specific category or ingress traffic, follow these steps: 1. Use the Configure Class (Add) page to designate a class name for a specific category of traffic. 2. Use the Configure Class (Add Rule) page to edit the rules for each class which specify a type of traffic based on an access list, a DSCP or IP Precedence value, a VLAN, a CoS value, or a source port. 3.
Chapter 10 | Quality of Service Configuring a Class Map ◆ Description – A brief description of a class map. (Range: 1-64 characters) Add Rule ◆ Class Name – Name of the class map. ◆ Type – Only one match command is permitted per class map, so the match-any field refers to the lone criteria specified by this command. ◆ ACL – Name of an access control list. Any type of ACL can be specified, including standard or extended IPv4/IPv6 ACLs and MAC ACLs. ◆ IP DSCP – A DSCP value.
Chapter 10 | Quality of Service Configuring a Class Map To show the configured class maps: 1. Click Traffic, DiffServ. 2. Select Configure Class from the Step list. 3. Select Show from the Action list. Figure 157: Showing Class Maps To edit the rules for a class map: 1. Click Traffic, DiffServ. 2. Select Configure Class from the Step list. 3. Select Add Rule from the Action list. 4. Select the name of a class map. 5.
Chapter 10 | Quality of Service Creating QoS Policies To show the rules for a class map: 1. Click Traffic, DiffServ. 2. Select Configure Class from the Step list. 3. Select Show Rule from the Action list. Figure 159: Showing the Rules for a Class Map Creating QoS Policies Use the Traffic > DiffServ (Configure Policy) page to create a policy map that can be attached to multiple interfaces.
Chapter 10 | Quality of Service Creating QoS Policies Policing is based on a token bucket, where bucket depth (that is, the maximum burst before the bucket overflows) is specified by the “burst” field (BC), and the average rate tokens are removed from the bucket is specified by the “rate” option (CIR). Action may be taken for traffic conforming to the maximum throughput, or exceeding the maximum throughput.
Chapter 10 | Quality of Service Creating QoS Policies ■ else the packet is red and neither Tc nor Te is decremented.
Chapter 10 | Quality of Service Creating QoS Policies incremented by one PIR times per second up to BP and the token count Tc is incremented by one CIR times per second up to BC. When a packet of size B bytes arrives at time t, the following happens if trTCM is configured to operate in Color-Blind mode: ■ If Tp(t)-B < 0, the packet is red, else ■ if Tc(t)-B < 0, the packet is yellow and Tp is decremented by B, else ■ the packet is green and both Tp and Tc are decremented by B.
Chapter 10 | Quality of Service Creating QoS Policies behavior, and two bits for the color scheme used to control queue congestion with the srTCM and trTCM metering functions. ■ Set CoS – Configures the service provided to ingress traffic by setting an internal CoS value for a matching packet (as specified in rule settings for a class map). (Range: 0-7) See Table 17, “Default Mapping of CoS/CFI to Internal PHB/Drop Precedence,” on page 260).
Chapter 10 | Quality of Service Creating QoS Policies ■ ■ Set IP DSCP – Decreases DSCP priority for out of conformance traffic. (Range: 0-63) ■ Drop – Drops out of conformance traffic.
Chapter 10 | Quality of Service Creating QoS Policies ■ ■ Set IP DSCP – Decreases DSCP priority for out of conformance traffic. (Range: 0-63) ■ Drop – Drops out of conformance traffic.
Chapter 10 | Quality of Service Creating QoS Policies ■ ■ Set IP DSCP – Decreases DSCP priority for out of conformance traffic. (Range: 0-63). ■ Drop – Drops out of conformance traffic. Violate – Specifies whether the traffic that exceeds the peak information rate (PIR) will be dropped or the DSCP service level will be reduced. ■ Set IP DSCP – Decreases DSCP priority for out of conformance traffic. (Range: 0-63). ■ Drop – Drops out of conformance traffic.
Chapter 10 | Quality of Service Creating QoS Policies To show the configured policy maps: 1. Click Traffic, DiffServ. 2. Select Configure Policy from the Step list. 3. Select Show from the Action list. Figure 161: Showing Policy Maps To edit the rules for a policy map: 1. Click Traffic, DiffServ. 2. Select Configure Policy from the Step list. 3. Select Add Rule from the Action list. 4. Select the name of a policy map. 5.
Chapter 10 | Quality of Service Creating QoS Policies Figure 162: Adding Rules to a Policy Map To show the rules for a policy map: 1. Click Traffic, DiffServ. 2. Select Configure Policy from the Step list. 3. Select Show Rule from the Action list.
Chapter 10 | Quality of Service Attaching a Policy Map to a Port Attaching a Policy Map to a Port Use the Traffic > DiffServ (Configure Interface) page to bind a policy map to a port. Command Usage First define a class map, define a policy map, and then bind the service policy to the required interface. Parameters These parameters are displayed: ◆ Port – Specifies a port. ◆ Ingress – Applies the selected rule to ingress traffic. ◆ Egress – Applies the selected rule to egress traffic.
Chapter 10 | Quality of Service Attaching a Policy Map to a Port – 270 –
11 VoIP Traffic Configuration This chapter covers the following topics: ◆ Global Settings – Enables VOIP globally, sets the Voice VLAN, and the aging time for attached ports. ◆ Telephony OUI List – Configures the list of phones to be treated as VOIP devices based on the specified Organization Unit Identifier (OUI).
Chapter 11 | VoIP Traffic Configuration Configuring VoIP Traffic Configuring VoIP Traffic Use the Traffic > VoIP (Configure Global) page to configure the switch for VoIP traffic. First enable automatic detection of VoIP devices attached to the switch ports, then set the Voice VLAN ID for the network. The Voice VLAN aging time can also be set to remove a port from the Voice VLAN when VoIP traffic is no longer received on the port. Command Usage All ports are set to VLAN hybrid mode by default.
Chapter 11 | VoIP Traffic Configuration Configuring Telephony OUI Figure 165: Configuring a Voice VLAN Configuring Telephony OUI VoIP devices attached to the switch can be identified by the vendor’s Organizational Unique Identifier (OUI) in the source MAC address of received packets. OUI numbers are assigned to vendors and form the first three octets of device MAC addresses. The MAC OUI numbers for VoIP equipment can be configured on the switch so that traffic from these devices is recognized as VoIP.
Chapter 11 | VoIP Traffic Configuration Configuring VoIP Traffic Ports 6. Enter a description for the devices. 7. Click Apply. Figure 166: Configuring an OUI Telephony List To show the MAC OUI numbers used for VoIP equipment: 1. Click Traffic, VoIP. 2. Select Configure OUI from the Step list. 3. Select Show from the Action list.
Chapter 11 | VoIP Traffic Configuration Configuring VoIP Traffic Ports Parameters These parameters are displayed: ◆ Mode – Specifies if the port will be added to the Voice VLAN when VoIP traffic is detected. (Default: None) ■ None – The Voice VLAN feature is disabled on the port. The port will not detect VoIP traffic or be added to the Voice VLAN. ■ Auto – The port will be added as a tagged member to the Voice VLAN when VoIP traffic is detected on the port.
Chapter 11 | VoIP Traffic Configuration Configuring VoIP Traffic Ports When VoIP Mode is set to Auto, the Remaining Age will be displayed. Otherwise, if the VoIP Mode is Disabled or set to Manual, the remaining age will display “NA.” Web Interface To configure VoIP traffic settings for a port: 1. Click Traffic, VoIP. 2. Select Configure Interface from the Step list. 3. Configure any required changes to the VoIP settings each port. 4. Click Apply.
12 Security Measures You can configure this switch to authenticate users logging into the system for management access using local or remote authentication methods. Port-based authentication using IEEE 802.1X can also be configured to control either management access to the uplink ports or client access to the data ports.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures AAA (Authentication, Authorization and Accounting) ◆ IPv6 Source Guard – Filters IPv6 traffic on insecure ports for which the source address cannot be identified via ND snooping, DHCPv6 snooping, nor static source bindings. ◆ ARP Inspection – Security feature that validates the MAC Address bindings for Address Resolution Protocol packets.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures AAA (Authentication, Authorization and Accounting) To configure AAA on the switch, you need to follow this general process: 1. Configure RADIUS and TACACS+ server access parameters. See “Configuring Local/Remote Logon Authentication” on page 279. 2. Define RADIUS and TACACS+ server groups to support the accounting and authorization of services. 3.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures AAA (Authentication, Authorization and Accounting) ■ TACACS – User authentication is performed using a TACACS+ server only. ■ [authentication sequence] – User authentication is performed by up to three authentication methods in the indicated sequence. Web Interface To configure the method(s) of controlling management access: 1. Click Security, AAA, System Authentication. 2. Specify the authentication sequence (i.e., one to three methods). 3. Click Apply.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures AAA (Authentication, Authorization and Accounting) RADIUS encrypts only the password in the access-request packet from the client to the server, while TACACS+ encrypts the entire body of the packet. Command Usage ◆ If a remote authentication server is used, you must specify the message exchange parameters for the remote authentication protocol. Both local and remote logon authentication control management access via the console port, web browser, or Telnet.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures AAA (Authentication, Authorization and Accounting) ◆ ■ Authentication Key – Encryption key used to authenticate logon access for client. Enclose any string containing blank spaces in double quotes. (Maximum length: 48 characters) ■ Confirm Authentication Key – Re-type the string entered in the previous field to ensure no errors were made. The switch will not change the encryption key if these two fields do not match.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures AAA (Authentication, Authorization and Accounting) ◆ Sequence at Priority - Specifies the server and sequence to use for the group. (Range: 1-5) When specifying the priority sequence for a sever, the server index must already be defined (see “Configuring Local/Remote Logon Authentication” on page 279). Web Interface To configure the parameters for RADIUS or TACACS+ authentication: 1. Click Security, AAA, Server. 2. Select Configure Server from the Step list. 3.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures AAA (Authentication, Authorization and Accounting) Figure 172: Configuring Remote Authentication Server (TACACS+) To configure the RADIUS or TACACS+ server groups to use for accounting and authorization: 1. Click Security, AAA, Server. 2. Select Configure Group from the Step list. 3. Select Add from the Action list. 4. Select RADIUS or TACACS+ server type. 5. Enter the group name, followed by the index of the server to use for each priority level. 6. Click Apply.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures AAA (Authentication, Authorization and Accounting) To show the RADIUS or TACACS+ server groups used for accounting and authorization: 1. Click Security, AAA, Server. 2. Select Configure Group from the Step list. 3. Select Show from the Action list.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures AAA (Authentication, Authorization and Accounting) ■ Exec – Administrative accounting for local console, Telnet, or SSH connections. ◆ Privilege Level – The CLI privilege levels (0-15). This parameter only applies to Command accounting. ◆ Method Name – Specifies an accounting method for service requests. The “default” methods are used for a requested service if no other methods have been defined.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures AAA (Authentication, Authorization and Accounting) ■ VTY Method Name – Specifies a user defined method name to apply to Telnet and SSH connections. Show Information – Summary ◆ Accounting Type - Displays the accounting service. ◆ Method Name - Displays the user-defined or default accounting method. ◆ Server Group Name - Displays the accounting server group. ◆ Interface - Displays the port, console or Telnet interface to which these rules apply.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures AAA (Authentication, Authorization and Accounting) To configure the accounting method applied to various service types and the assigned server group: 1. Click Security, AAA, Accounting. 2. Select Configure Method from the Step list. 3. Select Add from the Action list. 4. Select the accounting type (802.1X, Command, Exec). 5. Specify the name of the accounting method and server group name. 6. Click Apply.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures AAA (Authentication, Authorization and Accounting) Figure 177: Showing AAA Accounting Methods To configure the accounting method applied to specific interfaces, console commands entered at specific privilege levels, and local console, Telnet, or SSH connections: 1. Click Security, AAA, Accounting. 2. Select Configure Service from the Step list. 3. Select the accounting type (802.1X, Command, Exec). 4. Enter the required accounting method. 5. Click Apply.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures AAA (Authentication, Authorization and Accounting) Figure 179: Configuring AAA Accounting Service for Command Service Figure 180: Configuring AAA Accounting Service for Exec Service To display a summary of the configured accounting methods and assigned server groups for specified service types: 1. Click Security, AAA, Accounting. 2. Select Show Information from the Step list. 3. Click Summary.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures AAA (Authentication, Authorization and Accounting) Figure 181: Displaying a Summary of Applied AAA Accounting Methods To display basic accounting information and statistics recorded for user sessions: 1. Click Security, AAA, Accounting. 2. Select Show Information from the Step list. 3. Click Statistics.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures AAA (Authentication, Authorization and Accounting) Parameters These parameters are displayed: Configure Method ◆ Authorization Type – Specifies the service as: ■ Command – Administrative authorization to apply to commands entered at specific CLI privilege levels. ■ Exec – Administrative authorization for local console, Telnet, or SSH connections. ◆ Method Name – Specifies an authorization method for service requests.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures AAA (Authentication, Authorization and Accounting) Web Interface To configure the authorization method applied to the Exec service type and the assigned server group: 1. Click Security, AAA, Authorization. 2. Select Configure Method from the Step list. 3. Specify the name of the authorization method and server group name. 4. Click Apply.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures AAA (Authentication, Authorization and Accounting) To configure the authorization method applied to local console, Telnet, or SSH connections: 1. Click Security, AAA, Authorization. 2. Select Configure Service from the Step list. 3. Enter the required authorization method. 4. Click Apply. Figure 185: Configuring AAA Authorization Methods for Exec Service To display a the configured authorization method and assigned server groups for The Exec service type: 1.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures Configuring User Accounts Configuring User Accounts Use the Security > User Accounts page to control management access to the switch based on manually configured user names and passwords. Command Usage ◆ The default guest name is “guest” with the password “guest.” The default administrator name is “admin” with the password “admin.” ◆ The guest only has read access for most configuration parameters.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures Configuring User Accounts ■ Encrypted Password – Encrypted password. The encrypted password is required for compatibility with legacy password settings (i.e., plain text or encrypted) when reading the configuration file during system bootup or when downloading the configuration file from a TFTP or FTP server. There is no need for you to manually configure encrypted passwords. ◆ Password – Specifies the user password.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures Web Authentication Figure 188: Showing User Accounts Web Authentication Web authentication allows stations to authenticate and access the network in situations where 802.1X or Network Access authentication are infeasible or impractical. The web authentication feature allows unauthenticated hosts to request and receive a DHCP assigned IP address and perform DNS queries. All other traffic, except for HTTP protocol traffic, is blocked.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures Web Authentication ◆ Quiet Period – Configures how long a host must wait to attempt authentication again after it has exceeded the maximum allowable failed login attempts. (Range: 1-180 seconds; Default: 60 seconds) ◆ Login Attempts – Configures the amount of times a supplicant may attempt and fail authentication before it must wait the configured quiet period.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures Network Access (MAC Address Authentication) ◆ Revert – Restores the previous configuration settings. ◆ Re-authenticate – Ends all authenticated web sessions for selected host IP addresses in the Authenticated Host List, and forces the users to reauthenticate. ◆ Revert – Restores the previous configuration settings. Web Interface To enable web authentication for a port: 1. Click Security, Web Authentication. 2. Select Configure Interface from the Step list. 3.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures Network Access (MAC Address Authentication) Command Usage ◆ MAC address authentication controls access to the network by authenticating the MAC address of each host that attempts to connect to a switch port. Traffic received from a specific MAC address is forwarded by the switch only if the source MAC address is successfully authenticated by a central RADIUS server.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures Network Access (MAC Address Authentication) Table 20: Dynamic QoS Profiles ◆ Profile Attribute Syntax Example DiffServ service-policy-in=policy-map-name service-policy-in=p1 Rate Limit rate-limit-input=rate rate-limit-input=100 (kbps) rate-limit-output=rate rate-limit-output=200 (kbps) 802.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures Network Access (MAC Address Authentication) ◆ When a user attempts to log into the network with a returned dynamic QoS profile that is different from users already logged on to the same port, the user is denied access. ◆ While a port has an assigned dynamic QoS profile, any manual QoS configuration changes only take effect after all users have logged off the port.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures Network Access (MAC Address Authentication) Figure 191: Configuring Global Settings for Network Access Configuring Use the Security > Network Access (Configure Interface - General) page to Network Access configure MAC authentication on switch ports, including enabling address for Ports authentication, setting the maximum MAC count, and enabling dynamic VLAN or dynamic QoS assignments.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures Network Access (MAC Address Authentication) ◆ Dynamic VLAN – Enables dynamic VLAN assignment for an authenticated port. When enabled, any VLAN identifiers returned by the RADIUS server through the 802.1X authentication process are applied to the port, providing the VLANs have already been created on the switch. (GVRP is not used to create the VLANs.) (Default: Enabled) The VLAN settings specified by the first authenticated MAC address are implemented for a port.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures Network Access (MAC Address Authentication) Figure 192: Configuring Interface Settings for Network Access Configuring Use the Security > Network Access (Configure Interface - Link Detection) page to Port Link Detection send an SNMP trap and/or shut down a port when a link event occurs. Parameters These parameters are displayed: ◆ Link Detection Status – Configures whether Link Detection is enabled or disabled for a port.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures Network Access (MAC Address Authentication) Web Interface To configure link detection on switch ports: 1. Click Security, Network Access. 2. Select Configure Interface from the Step list. 3. Click the Link Detection button. 4. Modify the link detection status, trigger condition, and the response for any port. 5. Click Apply.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures Network Access (MAC Address Authentication) default mask of an exact match. (Range: 000000000000 - FFFFFFFFFFFF; Default: FFFFFFFFFFFF) Web Interface To add a MAC address filter for MAC authentication: 1. Click Security, Network Access. 2. Select Configure MAC Filter from the Step list. 3. Select Add from the Action list. 4. Enter a filter ID, MAC address, and optional mask. 5. Click Apply.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures Network Access (MAC Address Authentication) Displaying Secure Use the Security > Network Access (Show Information) page to display the MAC Address authenticated MAC addresses stored in the secure MAC address table. Information Information on the secure MAC entries can be displayed and selected entries can be removed from the table. Parameters These parameters are displayed: ◆ ◆ Query By – Specifies parameters to use in the MAC address query.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures Configuring HTTPS Figure 196: Showing Addresses Authenticated for Network Access Configuring HTTPS You can configure the switch to enable the Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTPS) over the Secure Socket Layer (SSL), providing secure access (i.e., an encrypted connection) to the switch’s web interface. Configuring Global Use the Security > HTTPS (Configure Global) page to enable or disable HTTPS and Settings for HTTPS specify the TCP port used for this service.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures Configuring HTTPS ■ ◆ The client and server generate session keys for encrypting and decrypting data. The client and server establish a secure encrypted connection. A padlock icon should appear in the status bar for Internet Explorer 11, Mozilla Firefox 54, or Google Chrome 59, or more recent versions. ◆ The following web browsers and operating systems currently support HTTPS: Table 21: HTTPS System Support ◆ Web Browser Operating System Internet Explorer 9.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures Configuring HTTPS Figure 197: Configuring HTTPS Replacing the Default Use the Security > HTTPS (Copy Certificate) page to replace the default secure-site Secure-site Certificate certificate. When you log onto the web interface using HTTPS (for secure access), a Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) certificate appears for the switch. By default, the certificate that the web browser displays will be associated with a warning that the site is not recognized as a secure site.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures Configuring HTTPS ◆ Private Key Source File Name – Name of private key file stored on the TFTP server. ◆ Private Password – Password stored in the private key file. This password is used to verify authorization for certificate use, and is verified when downloading the certificate to the switch. ◆ Confirm Password – Re-type the string entered in the previous field to ensure no errors were made. The switch will not download the certificate if these two fields do not match.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures Configuring the Secure Shell Configuring the Secure Shell The Berkeley-standard includes remote access tools originally designed for Unix systems. Some of these tools have also been implemented for Microsoft Windows and other environments. These tools, including commands such as rlogin (remote login), rsh (remote shell), and rcp (remote copy), are not secure from hostile attacks.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures Configuring the Secure Shell 3. Import Client’s Public Key to the Switch – See “Importing User Public Keys” on page 317 to copy a file containing the public key for all the SSH client’s granted management access to the switch. (Note that these clients must be configured locally on the switch via the User Accounts page as described on page 295.) The clients are subsequently authenticated using these keys.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures Configuring the Secure Shell d. When the server receives this message, it checks whether the supplied key is acceptable for authentication, and if so, it then checks whether the signature is correct. If both checks succeed, the client is authenticated. Note: The SSH server supports up to eight client sessions. The maximum number of client sessions includes both current Telnet sessions and SSH sessions.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures Configuring the Secure Shell Figure 199: Configuring the SSH Server Generating the Use the Security > SSH (Configure Host Key - Generate) page to generate a host Host Key Pair public/private key pair used to provide secure communications between an SSH client and the switch. After generating this key pair, you must provide the host public key to SSH clients and import the client’s public key to the switch as described in the section “Importing User Public Keys” on page 317.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures Configuring the Secure Shell Figure 200: Generating the SSH Host Key Pair To display or clear the SSH host key pair: 1. Click Security, SSH. 2. Select Configure Host Key from the Step list. 3. Select Show from the Action list. 4. Select the option to save the host key from memory to flash by clicking Save, or select the host-key type to clear and click Clear.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures Configuring the Secure Shell The SSH server uses RSA for key exchange when the client first establishes a connection with the switch, and then negotiates with the client to select either DES (56-bit) or 3DES (168-bit) for data encryption. The switch uses only RSA for SSHv2 clients. ◆ TFTP Server IP Address – The IP address of the TFTP server that contains the public key file you wish to import. ◆ Source File Name – The public key file to upload.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures Access Control Lists Figure 203: Showing the SSH User’s Public Key Access Control Lists Access Control Lists (ACL) provide packet filtering for IPv4/IPv6 frames (based on address, protocol, Layer 4 protocol port number or TCP control code), IPv6 frames (based on address, DSCP traffic class, or next header type), or any frames (based on MAC address or Ethernet type).
Chapter 12 | Security Measures Access Control Lists Auto ACE Compression is a software feature used to compress all the ACEs of an ACL to utilize hardware resources more efficiency. Without compression, one ACE would occupy a fixed number of entries in TCAM. So if one ACL includes 25 ACEs, the ACL would need (25 * n) entries in TCAM, where “n” is the fixed number of TCAM entries needed for one ACE.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures Access Control Lists For example, when binding an ACL to a port, each rule in an ACL will use two PCEs; and when setting an IP Source Guard filter rule for a port, the system will also use two PCEs. Parameters These parameters are displayed: ◆ Pool Capability Code – Abbreviation for processes shown in the TCAM List. ◆ Unit – Stack unit identifier. ◆ Device – Memory chip used for indicated pools. ◆ Pool – Rule slice (or call group).
Chapter 12 | Security Measures Access Control Lists Figure 204: Showing TCAM Utilization Setting the Use the Security > ACL (Configure ACL - Add) page to create an ACL. ACL Name and Type Parameters These parameters are displayed: ◆ ACL Name – Name of the ACL. (Maximum length: 32 characters) ◆ Type – The following filter modes are supported: ■ IP Standard: IPv4 ACL mode filters packets based on the source IPv4 address.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures Access Control Lists Web Interface To configure the name and type of an ACL: 1. Click Security, ACL. 2. Select Configure ACL from the Step list. 3. Select Add from the Action list. 4. Fill in the ACL Name field, and select the ACL type. 5. Click Apply. Figure 205: Creating an ACL To show a list of ACLs: 1. Click Security, ACL. 2. Select Configure ACL from the Step list. 3. Select Show from the Action list.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures Access Control Lists Configuring a Use the Security > ACL (Configure ACL - Add Rule - IP Standard) page to configure a Standard IPv4 ACL Standard IPv4 ACL. Parameters These parameters are displayed: ◆ Type – Selects the type of ACLs to show in the Name list. ◆ Name – Shows the names of ACLs matching the selected type. ◆ Action – An ACL can contain any combination of permit or deny rules. ◆ Address Type – Specifies the source IP address.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures Access Control Lists Figure 207: Configuring a Standard IPv4 ACL Configuring an Use the Security > ACL (Configure ACL - Add Rule - IP Extended) page to configure Extended IPv4 ACL an Extended IPv4 ACL. Parameters These parameters are displayed: ◆ Type – Selects the type of ACLs to show in the Name list. ◆ Name – Shows the names of ACLs matching the selected type. ◆ Action – An ACL can contain any combination of permit or deny rules.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures Access Control Lists The following items are under TCP ■ Control Code – Decimal number (representing a bit string) that specifies flag bits in byte 14 of the TCP header. (Range: 0-63) ■ Control Code Bit Mask – Decimal number representing the code bits to match. (Range: 0-63) The control bit mask is a decimal number (for an equivalent binary bit mask) that is applied to the control code.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures Access Control Lists 7. Select the address type (Any, Host, or IP). 8. If you select “Host,” enter a specific address. If you select “IP,” enter a subnet address and the mask for an address range. 9. Set any other required criteria, such as service type, protocol type, or control code. 10. Click Apply.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures Access Control Lists ◆ Source IPv6 Address – An IPv6 source address or network class. The address must be formatted according to RFC 2373 “IPv6 Addressing Architecture,” using 8 colon-separated 16-bit hexadecimal values. One double colon may be used in the address to indicate the appropriate number of zeros required to fill the undefined fields.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures Access Control Lists Figure 209: Configuring a Standard IPv6 ACL Configuring an Use the Security > ACL (Configure ACL - Add Rule - IPv6 Extended) page to Extended IPv6 ACL configure an Extended IPv6 ACL. Parameters These parameters are displayed: ◆ Type – Selects the type of ACLs to show in the Name list. ◆ Name – Shows the names of ACLs matching the selected type. ◆ Action – An ACL can contain any combination of permit or deny rules.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures Access Control Lists ◆ Source Address Type – Specifies the source IP address type. Use “Any” to include all possible addresses, “Host” to specify a specific host address in the Address field, or “IPv6-Prefix” to specify a range of addresses. (Options: Any, Host, IPv6-Prefix; Default: Any) ◆ Destination Address Type – Specifies the destination IP address type. Use “Any” to include all possible addresses, or “IPv6-Prefix” to specify a range of addresses.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures Access Control Lists 7. Select the address type (Any or IPv6-prefix). 8. If you select “Host,” enter a specific address. If you select “IPv6-prefix,” enter a subnet address and prefix length. 9. Set any other required criteria, such as DSCP or next header type. 10. Click Apply.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures Access Control Lists ◆ Packet Format – This attribute includes the following packet types: ■ Any – Any Ethernet packet type. ■ Untagged-eth2 – Untagged Ethernet II packets. ■ Untagged-802.3 – Untagged Ethernet 802.3 packets. ■ Tagged-eth2 – Tagged Ethernet II packets. ■ Tagged-802.3 – Tagged Ethernet 802.3 packets. ◆ VID – VLAN ID. (Range: 1-4094) ◆ VID Bit Mask – VLAN bit mask.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures Access Control Lists 8. If you select “Host,” enter a specific address (e.g., 11-22-33-44-55-66). If you select “MAC,” enter a base address and a hexadecimal bit mask for an address range. 9. Set any other required criteria, such as VID, Ethernet type, or packet format. 10. Click Apply. Figure 211: Configuring a MAC ACL Configuring an Use the Security > ACL (Configure ACL - Add Rule - ARP) page to configure ACLs ARP ACL based on ARP message addresses.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures Access Control Lists specific host address in the Address field, or “IP” to specify a range of addresses with the Address and Mask fields. (Options: Any, Host, IP; Default: Any) ◆ Source/Destination IP Address – Source or destination IP address. ◆ Source/Destination IP Subnet Mask – Subnet mask for source or destination address. (See the description for Subnet Mask on page 324.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures Access Control Lists Figure 212: Configuring a ARP ACL Binding a Port to an After configuring ACLs, use the Security > ACL (Configure Interface – Configure) Access Control List page to bind the ports that need to filter traffic to the appropriate ACLs. Parameters These parameters are displayed: ◆ Type – Selects the type of ACLs to bind to a port. ◆ Port – Port identifier. ◆ ACL – ACL used for ingress or egress packets. ◆ Time Range – Name of a time range.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures Access Control Lists 6. Select the name of an ACL from the ACL list. 7. Click Apply. Figure 213: Binding a Port to an ACL Showing ACL Use the Security > ACL > Configure Interface (Show Hardware Counters) page to Hardware Counters show statistics for ACL hardware counters. Parameters These parameters are displayed: ◆ Port – Port identifier. (Range: 1-54) ◆ Type – Selects the type of ACL. ◆ Direction – Displays statistics for ingress or egress traffic.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures Filtering IP Addresses for Management Access Web Interface To show statistics for ACL hardware counters: 1. Click Security, ACL. 2. Select Configure Interface from the Step list. 3. Select Show Hardware Counters from the Action list. 4. Select a port. 5. Select ingress or egress traffic.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures Filtering IP Addresses for Management Access ◆ When entering addresses for the same group (i.e., SNMP, web or Telnet), the switch will not accept overlapping address ranges. When entering addresses for different groups, the switch will accept overlapping address ranges. ◆ You cannot delete an individual address from a specified range. You must delete the entire range, and reenter the addresses.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures Filtering IP Addresses for Management Access Web Interface To create a list of IP addresses authorized for management access: 1. Click Security, IP Filter. 2. Select Add from the Action list. 3. Select the management interface to filter (Web, SNMP, Telnet, All). 4. Enter the IP addresses or range of addresses that are allowed management access to an interface. 5.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures Configuring Port Security Configuring Port Security Use the Security > Port Security page to configure the maximum number of device MAC addresses that can be learned by a switch port, stored in the address table, and authorized to access the network. When port security is enabled on a port, the switch stops learning new MAC addresses on the specified port when it has reached a configured maximum number.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures Configuring Port Security Parameters These parameters are displayed: ◆ Port – Port identifier. ◆ Security Status – Enables or disables port security on a port. (Default: Disabled) ◆ Port Status – The operational status: ◆ ◆ ■ Secure/Down – Port security is disabled. ■ Secure/Up – Port security is enabled. ■ Shutdown – Port is shut down due to a response to a port security violation.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures Configuring 802.1X Port Authentication Web Interface To configure port security: 1. Click Security, Port Security. 2. Mark the check box in the Security Status column to enable security, set the action to take when an invalid address is detected on a port, and set the maximum number of MAC addresses allowed on the port. 3. Click Apply. Figure 217: Configuring Port Security Configuring 802.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures Configuring 802.1X Port Authentication authentication messages can be MD5 (Message-Digest 5), TLS (Transport Layer Security), PEAP (Protected Extensible Authentication Protocol), or TTLS (Tunneled Transport Layer Security). The client responds to the appropriate method with its credentials, such as a password or certificate. The RADIUS server verifies the client credentials and responds with an accept or reject packet.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures Configuring 802.1X Port Authentication Configuring 802.1X Use the Security > Port Authentication (Configure Global) page to configure IEEE Global Settings 802.1X port authentication. The 802.1X protocol must be enabled globally for the switch system before port settings are active. Parameters These parameters are displayed: ◆ System Authentication Control – Sets the global setting for 802.1X.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures Configuring 802.1X Port Authentication 3. Enable 802.1X globally for the switch, and configure EAPOL Pass Through if required. Then set the user name and password to use when the switch responds an MD5 challenge from the authentication server. 4. Click Apply Figure 219: Configuring Global Settings for 802.1X Port Authentication Configuring Use the Security > Port Authentication (Configure Interface – Authenticator) page Port Authenticator to configure 802.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures Configuring 802.1X Port Authentication ◆ ◆ ◆ Authorized – Displays the 802.1X authorization status of connected clients. ■ Yes – Connected client is authorized. ■ N/A – Connected client is not authorized, or port is not connected. Control Mode – Sets the authentication mode to one of the following options: ■ Auto – Requires a dot1x-aware client to be authorized by the authentication server. Clients that are not dot1x-aware will be denied access.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures Configuring 802.1X Port Authentication ◆ Tx Period – Sets the time period during an authentication session that the switch waits before re-transmitting an EAP packet. (Range: 1-65535; Default: 30 seconds) ◆ Supplicant Timeout – Sets the time that a switch port waits for a response to an EAP request from a client before re-transmitting an EAP packet.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures Configuring 802.1X Port Authentication Authenticator PAE State Machine ◆ State – Current state (including initialize, disconnected, connecting, authenticating, authenticated, aborting, held, force_authorized, force_unauthorized). ◆ Reauth Count – Number of times connecting state is re-entered. ◆ Current Identifier – Identifier sent in each EAP Success, Failure or Request packet by the Authentication Server.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures Configuring 802.1X Port Authentication Figure 220: Configuring Interface Settings for 802.1X Port Authenticator Configuring Use the Security > Port Authentication (Configure Interface – Supplicant) page to Port Supplicant configure 802.1X port settings for supplicant requests issued from a port to an Settings for 802.1X authenticator on another device. When 802.1X is enabled and the control mode is set to Force-Authorized (see “Configuring Port Authenticator Settings for 802.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures Configuring 802.1X Port Authentication Parameters These parameters are displayed: ◆ Port – Port number. ◆ PAE Supplicant – Enables PAE supplicant mode. (Default: Disabled) If the attached client must be authenticated through another device in the network, supplicant status must be enabled. Supplicant status can only be enabled if PAE Control Mode is set to “ForceAuthorized” on this port (see “Configuring Port Authenticator Settings for 802.1X” on page 345).
Chapter 12 | Security Measures Configuring 802.1X Port Authentication Figure 221: Configuring Interface Settings for 802.1X Port Supplicant Displaying Use the Security > Port Authentication (Show Statistics) page to display statistics for 802.1X Statistics dot1x protocol exchanges for any port. Parameters These parameters are displayed: Table 22: 802.1X Statistics Parameter Description Authenticator Rx EAPOL Start The number of EAPOL Start frames that have been received by this Authenticator.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures Configuring 802.1X Port Authentication Table 22: 802.1X Statistics (Continued) Parameter Description Tx EAPOL Total The number of EAPOL frames of any type that have been transmitted by this Authenticator. Supplicant Rx EAPOL Invalid The number of EAPOL frames that have been received by this Supplicant in which the frame type is not recognized. Rx EAPOL Total The number of valid EAPOL frames of any type that have been received by this Supplicant.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures Configuring 802.1X Port Authentication Web Interface To display port authenticator statistics for 802.1X: 1. Click Security, Port Authentication. 2. Select Show Statistics from the Step list. 3. Click Authenticator. 4. Select a port. Figure 222: Showing Statistics for 802.1X Port Authenticator To display port supplicant statistics for 802.1X: 1. Click Security, Port Authentication. 2. Select Show Statistics from the Step list. 3. Click Supplicant. 4. Select a port.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures DoS Protection Figure 223: Showing Statistics for 802.1X Port Supplicant DoS Protection Use the Security > DoS Protection page to protect against denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. A DoS attack is an attempt to block the services provided by a computer or network resource. This kind of attack tries to prevent an Internet site or service from functioning efficiently or at all.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures DoS Protection returns ACK packets. These half-open connections will bind resources on the target, and no new connections can be made, resulting in a denial of service. (Default: Disabled) ◆ TCP Flooding Attack Rate – Maximum allowed rate. (Range: 64-2000 kbits/ second; Default: 1000 kbits/second) ◆ TCP Null Scan – A TCP NULL scan message is used to identify listening TCP ports.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures DHCP Snooping ◆ WinNuke Attack Rate – Maximum allowed rate. (Range: 64-2000 kbits/second; Default: 1000 kbits/second) Web Interface To protect against DoS attacks: 1. Click Security, DoS Protection. 2. Enable protection for specific DoS attacks, and set the maximum allowed rate as required. 3.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures DHCP Snooping messages received on an untrusted interface from a device not listed in the DHCP snooping table will be dropped. ◆ Table entries are only learned for trusted interfaces. An entry is added or removed dynamically to the DHCP snooping table when a client receives or releases an IP address from a DHCP server. Each entry includes a MAC address, IP address, lease time, VLAN identifier, and port identifier.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures DHCP Snooping ■ Additional considerations when the switch itself is a DHCP client – The port(s) through which the switch submits a client request to the DHCP server must be configured as trusted. Note that the switch will not add a dynamic entry for itself to the binding table when it receives an ACK message from a DHCP server. Also, when the switch sends out DHCP client packets for itself, no filtering takes place.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures DHCP Snooping DHCP Snooping Use the Security > DHCP Snooping (Configure Global) page to enable DHCP Global Configuration Snooping globally on the switch, or to configure MAC Address Verification. Parameters These parameters are displayed: General ◆ DHCP Snooping Status – Enables DHCP snooping globally. (Default: Disabled) ◆ DHCP Snooping MAC-Address Verification – Enables or disables MAC address verification.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures DHCP Snooping ◆ DHCP Snooping Information Option TR101 Board ID – Sets the board identifier used in Option 82 information based on TR-101 syntax. (Range: 0-9; Default: undefined) ◆ DHCP Snooping Information Option Policy – Specifies how to handle DHCP client request packets which already contain Option 82 information. ■ Drop – Drops the client’s request packet instead of relaying it.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures DHCP Snooping DHCP Snooping Use the Security > DHCP Snooping (Configure VLAN) page to enable or disable VLAN Configuration DHCP snooping on specific VLANs. Command Usage ◆ When DHCP snooping is enabled globally on the switch, and enabled on the specified VLAN, DHCP packet filtering will be performed on any untrusted ports within the VLAN.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures DHCP Snooping Configuring Ports Use the Security > DHCP Snooping (Configure Interface) page to configure switch for DHCP Snooping ports as trusted or untrusted. Command Usage ◆ A trusted interface is an interface that is configured to receive only messages from within the network. An untrusted interface is an interface that is configured to receive messages from outside the network or fire wall.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures DHCP Snooping 4. Specify the mode used for sending circuit ID information, and an arbitrary string if required. 5. Click Apply Figure 227: Configuring the Port Mode for DHCP Snooping Displaying DHCP Use the Security > DHCP Snooping (Show Information) page to display entries in Snooping Binding the binding table. Information Parameters These parameters are displayed: ◆ MAC Address – Physical address associated with the entry.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures DHCPv6 Snooping Web Interface To display the binding table for DHCP Snooping: 1. Click Security, DHCP Snooping. 2. Select Show Information from the Step list. 3. Use the Store or Clear function if required.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures DHCPv6 Snooping ◆ Table entries are only learned for trusted interfaces. Each entry includes a MAC address, IPv6 address, lease time, binding type, VLAN identifier, and port identifier. ◆ When DHCPv6 snooping is enabled, the rate limit for the number of DHCPv6 messages that can be processed by the switch is 100 packets per second. Any DHCPv6 packets in excess of this limit are dropped.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures DHCPv6 Snooping ■ If yes, continue to C. ■ If not, continue to B. ■ Check if IPv6 address in IA option is found in binding cache: ■ If yes, continue to C. ■ If not, check failed, and forward packet to trusted port. B. Check status code in IA option: ■ If successful, and entry is in binding table, update lease time and forward to original destination.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures DHCPv6 Snooping by the DHCPv6 server to assign preassigned configuration data specific to the DHCPv6 client. (Default: Disabled) ■ DHCPv6 provides a relay mechanism for sending information about the switch and its DHCPv6 clients to the DHCPv6 server. Known as DHCPv6 Option 37, it allows compatible DHCPv6 servers to use the information when assigning IP addresses, or to set other services or policies for clients.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures DHCPv6 Snooping ■ Replace – Replaces the Option 37 remote-ID in the client’s request with the relay agent’s remote-ID (when DHCPv6 snooping is enabled), and forwards the packets to trusted ports. Web Interface To configure global settings for DHCPv6 Snooping: 1. Click Security, DHCP Snooping6. 2. Select Configure Global from the Step list. 3. Select the required options for the DHCPv6 snooping process and for the DHCPv6 snooping information options. 4.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures DHCPv6 Snooping Web Interface To configure global settings for DHCPv6 Snooping: 1. Click Security, DHCP Snooping6. 2. Select Configure VLAN from the Step list. 3. Select Add from the Action list. 4. Select a VLAN on which to enable DHCPv6 Snooping. 5. Click Apply Figure 230: Configuring DHCPv6 Snooping on a VLAN To show the VLANs for which DHCPv6 Snooping is enabled: 1. Click Security, DHCP Snooping6. 2. Select Configure VLAN from the Step list. 3.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures DHCPv6 Snooping ◆ Set all interfaces connected to DHCv6 servers within the local network or fire wall to trusted, and all other interfaces outside the local network or fire wall to untrusted. ◆ When DHCPv6 snooping is enabled globally and enabled on a VLAN, DHCPv6 packet filtering will be performed on any untrusted ports within the VLAN according to the default status, or as specifically configured for an interface.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures DHCPv6 Snooping Figure 232: Configuring the Trust Sate for DHCPv6 Snooping Displaying DHCPv6 Use the Security > DHCP Snooping6 (Show Information – Binding) page to display Snooping Binding entries in the binding table. Information Parameters These parameters are displayed: ◆ Link-layer Address – IPv6 link-layer address associated with the entry. ◆ IPv6 Address – IPv6 address corresponding to the client.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures DHCPv6 Snooping Figure 233: Displaying the Binding Table for DHCPv6 Snooping Displaying DHCPv6 Use the Security > DHCP Snooping6 (Show Information – Statistics) page to display Snooping Statistics information on client, server, and relay packets. Parameters These parameters are displayed: ◆ State – Packet states include received, sent and dropped. ◆ Types ■ Client Packet – Includes Solicit, Request, Confirm, Renew, Rebind, Decline, Release and Information-request.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures IPv4 Source Guard Figure 234: Displaying Statistics for DHCPv6 Snooping IPv4 Source Guard IPv4 Source Guard is a security feature that filters IP traffic on network interfaces based on manually configured entries in the IP Source Guard table, or dynamic entries in the DHCP Snooping table when enabled (see “DHCP Snooping” on page 356). IP source guard can be used to prevent traffic attacks caused when a host tries to use the IPv4 address of a neighbor to access the network.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures IPv4 Source Guard ◆ When enabled, traffic is filtered based upon dynamic entries learned via DHCP snooping (see “DHCP Snooping” on page 356), or static addresses configured in the source guard binding table. ◆ If IP source guard is enabled, an inbound packet’s IP address (SIP option) or both its IP address and corresponding MAC address (SIP-MAC option) will be checked against the binding table. If no matching entry is found, the packet will be dropped.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures IPv4 Source Guard ◆ Max Binding Entry – The maximum number of entries that can be bound to an interface.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures IPv4 Source Guard ◆ When source guard is enabled, traffic is filtered based upon dynamic entries learned via DHCP snooping, or static addresses configured in the source guard binding table. ◆ An entry with same MAC address and a different VLAN ID cannot be added to the binding table.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures IPv4 Source Guard ◆ VLAN – ID of a configured VLAN or a range of VLANs. (Range: 1-4094) ◆ IP Address – A valid unicast IP address, including classful types A, B or C. ◆ Port – The port to which a static entry is bound. Specify a physical port number or list of port numbers. Separate nonconsecutive port numbers with a comma and no spaces; or use a hyphen to designate a range of port numbers. (Range: 1-54) Show ◆ MAC Address – Physical address associated with the entry.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures IPv4 Source Guard 3. Select Show from the Action list. Figure 237: Displaying Static Bindings for IPv4 Source Guard Displaying Use the Security > IP Source Guard > Dynamic Binding page to display the sourceInformation for guard binding table for a selected interface. Dynamic IPv4 Source Guard Bindings Parameters These parameters are displayed: Query by ◆ Port – A port on this switch.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures IPv6 Source Guard Figure 238: Showing the IPv4 Source Guard Binding Table IPv6 Source Guard IPv6 Source Guard is a security feature that filters IPv6 traffic on non-routed, Layer 2 network interfaces based on manually configured entries in the IPv6 Source Guard table, or dynamic entries in the Neighbor Discovery Snooping table or DHCPv6 Snooping table when either snooping protocol is enabled (refer to the DHCPv6 Snooping commands in the CLI Reference Guide).
Chapter 12 | Security Measures IPv6 Source Guard ◆ Table entries include a MAC address, IPv6 global unicast address, entry type (Static-IPv6-SG-Binding, Dynamic-ND-Binding, Dynamic-DHCPv6-Binding), VLAN identifier, and port identifier. ◆ Static addresses entered in the source guard binding table (using the Static Binding page) are automatically configured with an infinite lease time. Dynamic entries learned via DHCPv6 snooping are configured by the DHCPv6 server itself.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures IPv6 Source Guard Guide), and static entries set by IPv6 Source Guard (see “Configuring Static Bindings for IPv6 Source Guard” on page 381). ■ IPv6 source guard maximum bindings must be set to a value higher than DHCPv6 snooping maximum bindings and ND snooping maximum bindings.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures IPv6 Source Guard ◆ Static addresses entered in the source guard binding table are automatically configured with an infinite lease time. ◆ When source guard is enabled, traffic is filtered based upon dynamic entries learned via ND snooping, DHCPv6 snooping, or static addresses configured in the source guard binding table. ◆ An entry with same MAC address and a different VLAN ID cannot be added to the binding table .
Chapter 12 | Security Measures IPv6 Source Guard ◆ Type – Shows the entry type: ■ DHCP – Dynamic DHCPv6 binding, stateful address. ■ ND – Dynamic Neighbor Discovery binding, stateless address. ■ STA – Static IPv6 Source Guard binding. Web Interface To configure static bindings for IPv6 Source Guard: 1. Click Security, IPv6 Source Guard, Static Binding. 2. Select Add from the Action list. 3. Enter the required bindings for each port. 4.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures IPv6 Source Guard Displaying Use the Security > IPv6 Source Guard > Dynamic Binding page to display the Information for source-guard binding table for a selected interface. Dynamic IPv6 Source Guard Bindings Parameters These parameters are displayed: Query by ◆ Port – A port on this switch. ◆ VLAN – ID of a configured VLAN (Range: 1-4094) ◆ MAC Address – A valid unicast MAC address. ◆ IPv6 Address – A valid global unicast IPv6 address.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures ARP Inspection Figure 242: Showing the IPv6 Source Guard Binding Table ARP Inspection ARP Inspection is a security feature that validates the MAC Address bindings for Address Resolution Protocol packets. It provides protection against ARP traffic with invalid MAC-to-IP address bindings, which forms the basis for certain “man-in-themiddle” attacks.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures ARP Inspection ◆ ■ If ARP Inspection is disabled globally, then it becomes inactive for all VLANs, including those where inspection is enabled. ■ When ARP Inspection is disabled, all ARP request and reply packets will bypass the ARP Inspection engine and their switching behavior will match that of all other packets. ■ Disabling and then re-enabling global ARP Inspection will not affect the ARP Inspection configuration of any VLANs.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures ARP Inspection ARP Inspection Logging ◆ By default, logging is active for ARP Inspection, and cannot be disabled. ◆ The administrator can configure the log facility rate. ◆ When the switch drops a packet, it places an entry in the log buffer, then generates a system message on a rate-controlled basis. After the system message is generated, the entry is cleared from the log buffer.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures ARP Inspection Web Interface To configure global settings for ARP Inspection: 1. Click Security, ARP Inspection. 2. Select Configure General from the Step list. 3. Enable ARP inspection globally, enable any of the address validation options, and adjust any of the logging parameters if required. 4. Click Apply.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures ARP Inspection ◆ If Static is not specified, ARP packets are first validated against the selected ACL; if no ACL rules match the packets, then the DHCP snooping bindings database determines their validity. Parameters These parameters are displayed: ◆ VLAN – VLAN identifier. (Range: 1-4094) ◆ DAI Status – Enables Dynamic ARP Inspection for the selected VLAN. (Default: Disabled) ◆ ACL Name – Allows selection of any configured ARP ACLs.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures ARP Inspection Configuring Use the Security > ARP Inspection (Configure Interface) page to specify the ports Interface Settings for that require ARP inspection, and to adjust the packet inspection rate. ARP Inspection Parameters These parameters are displayed: ◆ Interface – Port or trunk identifier. ◆ Trust Status – Configures the port as trusted or untrusted.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures ARP Inspection Displaying Use the Security > ARP Inspection (Show Information - Show Statistics) page to ARP Inspection display statistics about the number of ARP packets processed, or dropped for Statistics various reasons. Parameters These parameters are displayed: Table 23: ARP Inspection Statistics Parameter Description Received ARP packets before ARP inspection rate limit Count of ARP packets received but not exceeding the ARP Inspection rate limit.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures ARP Inspection Figure 246: Displaying Statistics for ARP Inspection Displaying the Use the Security > ARP Inspection (Show Information - Show Log) page to show ARP Inspection Log information about entries stored in the log, including the associated VLAN, port, and address components. Parameters These parameters are displayed: Table 24: ARP Inspection Log Parameter Description VLAN ID The VLAN where this packet was seen. Port The port where this packet was seen. Src.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures Application Filter Figure 247: Displaying the ARP Inspection Log Application Filter Use the Security > Application Filter page to forward CDP or PVST packets. Command Usage If this feature is not enabled, the switch will handle CDP or PVST packets as normal packets. In other words, they are forwarded to other ports in the same VLAN that are also configured to forward the specified packet type.
Chapter 12 | Security Measures Application Filter – 394 –
13 Basic Administration Protocols This chapter describes basic administration tasks including: ◆ Event Logging – Sets conditions for logging event messages to system memory or flash memory, configures conditions for sending trap messages to remote log servers, and configures trap reporting to remote hosts using Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP).
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Configuring Event Logging Configuring Event Logging The switch allows you to control the logging of error messages, including the type of events that are recorded in switch memory, logging to a remote System Log (syslog) server, and displays a list of recent event messages. System Log Use the Administration > Log > System (Configure Global) page to enable or Configuration disable event logging, and specify which levels are logged to RAM or flash memory.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Configuring Event Logging ◆ RAM Level – Limits log messages saved to the switch’s temporary RAM memory for all levels up to the specified level. For example, if level 7 is specified, all messages from level 0 to level 7 will be logged to RAM. (Range: 0-7, Default: 7) Note: The Flash Level must be equal to or less than the RAM Level. Note: All log messages are retained in RAM and Flash after a warm restart (i.e., power is reset through the command interface).
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Configuring Event Logging 3. Click RAM to display log messages stored in system memory, or Flash to display messages stored in flash memory. This page allows you to scroll through the logged system and event messages. The switch can store up to 2048 log entries in temporary random access memory (RAM; i.e., memory flushed on power reset) and up to 4096 entries in permanent flash memory.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Configuring Event Logging all messages from level 0 to level 3 will be sent to the remote server. (Range: 0-7, Default: 7) ◆ Server IP Address – Specifies the IPv4 or IPv6 address of a remote server which will be sent syslog messages. ◆ Port - Specifies the UDP port number used by the remote server. (Range: 1-65535; Default: 514) Web Interface To configure the logging of error messages to remote servers: 1. Click Administration, Log, Remote. 2.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Configuring Event Logging configured email recipients. For example, using Level 7 will report all events from level 7 to level 0. (Default: Level 7) ◆ Email Source Address – Sets the email address used for the “From” field in alert messages. You may use a symbolic email address that identifies the switch, or the address of an administrator responsible for the switch.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Link Layer Discovery Protocol Link Layer Discovery Protocol Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) is used to discover basic information about neighboring devices on the local broadcast domain. LLDP is a Layer 2 protocol that uses periodic broadcasts to advertise information about the sending device. Advertised information is represented in Type Length Value (TLV) format according to the IEEE 802.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Link Layer Discovery Protocol increase the probability that multiple, rather than single changes, are reported in each transmission. This attribute must comply with the rule: (4 * Delay Interval) Transmission Interval ◆ Reinitialization Delay – Configures the delay before attempting to re-initialize after LLDP ports are disabled or the link goes down.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Link Layer Discovery Protocol Figure 253: Configuring LLDP Timing Attributes Configuring LLDP Use the Administration > LLDP (Configure Interface - Configure General) page to Interface Attributes specify the message attributes for individual interfaces, including whether messages are transmitted, received, or both transmitted and received, whether SNMP notifications are sent, and the type of information advertised.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Link Layer Discovery Protocol ◆ Basic Optional TLVs – Configures basic information included in the TLV field of advertised messages. ■ Management IP Address – The management address protocol packet includes the IPv4 address of the switch. If no management address is available, the address should be the MAC address for the CPU or for the port sending this advertisement.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Link Layer Discovery Protocol ◆ ◆ ◆ 802.1 Organizationally Specific TLVs – Configures IEEE 802.1 information included in the TLV field of advertised messages. ■ Protocol Identity – The protocols that are accessible through this interface (see “Protocol VLANs” on page 179). (Default: Enabled) ■ VLAN ID – The port’s default VLAN identifier (PVID) indicates the VLAN with which untagged or priority-tagged frames are associated (see “IEEE 802.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Link Layer Discovery Protocol ◆ MED-Location Civic Address – Configures information for the location of the attached device included in the MED TLV field of advertised messages, including the country and the device type. ■ Country – The two-letter ISO 3166 country code in capital ASCII letters. (Example: DK, DE or US) ■ Device entry refers to – The type of device to which the location applies: ■ Location of the DHCP server.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Link Layer Discovery Protocol Figure 254: Configuring LLDP Interface Attributes Configuring Use the Administration > LLDP (Configure Interface – Add CA-Type) page to specify LLDP Interface the physical location of the device attached to an interface.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Link Layer Discovery Protocol Table 26: LLDP MED Location CA Types (Continued) ◆ CA Type Description CA Value Example 26 Unit (apartment, suite) Apt 519 27 Floor 5 28 Room 509B Any number of CA type and value pairs can be specified for the civic address location, as long as the total does not exceed 250 characters. Parameters These parameters are displayed: ◆ CA-Type – Descriptor of the data civic address value.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Link Layer Discovery Protocol 3. Select Show CA-Type from the Action list. 4. Select an interface from the Port or Trunk list. Figure 256: Showing the Civic Address for an LLDP Interface Displaying LLDP Use the Administration > LLDP (Show Local Device Information) page to display Local Device information about the switch, such as its MAC address, chassis ID, management IP Information address, and port information.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Link Layer Discovery Protocol ◆ System Description – A textual description of the network entity. This field is also displayed by the show system command. ◆ System Capabilities Supported – The capabilities that define the primary function(s) of the system. Table 28: System Capabilities ID Basis Reference Other — Repeater IETF RFC 2108 Bridge IETF RFC 2674 WLAN Access Point IEEE 802.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Link Layer Discovery Protocol ◆ Port/Trunk ID Type – There are several ways in which a port may be identified. A port ID subtype is used to indicate how the port is being referenced in the Port ID TLV.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Link Layer Discovery Protocol Figure 257: Displaying Local Device Information for LLDP (General) Figure 258: Displaying Local Device Information for LLDP (Port) Figure 259: Displaying Local Device Information for LLDP (Port Details) – 412 –
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Link Layer Discovery Protocol Displaying LLDP Use the Administration > LLDP (Show Remote Device Information) page to display Remote Device information about devices connected directly to the switch’s ports which are Information advertising information through LLDP, or to display detailed information about an LLDP-enabled device connected to a specific port on the local switch.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Link Layer Discovery Protocol ◆ System Capabilities Supported – The capabilities that define the primary function(s) of the system. (See Table 28, "System Capabilities," on page 410.) ◆ System Capabilities Enabled – The primary function(s) of the system which are currently enabled. (See Table 28, "System Capabilities," on page 410.) ◆ Management Address List – The management addresses for this device.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Link Layer Discovery Protocol Table 30: Remote Port Auto-Negotiation Advertised Capability (Continued) Bit Capability 5 100BASE-TX full duplex mode 6 100BASE-T2 half duplex mode 7 100BASE-T2 full duplex mode 8 PAUSE for full-duplex links 9 Asymmetric PAUSE for full-duplex links 10 Symmetric PAUSE for full-duplex links 11 Asymmetric and Symmetric PAUSE for full-duplex links 12 1000BASE-X, -LX, -SX, -CX half duplex mode 13 1000BASE-X, -LX, -SX, -
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Link Layer Discovery Protocol Port Details – 802.3 Extension Trunk Information ◆ Remote Link Aggregation Capable – Shows if the remote port is not in link aggregation state and/or it does not support link aggregation. ◆ Remote Link Aggregation Status – The current aggregation status of the link. ◆ Remote Link Port ID – This object contains the IEEE 802.3 aggregated port identifier, aAggPortID (IEEE 802.3-2002, 30.7.2.1.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Link Layer Discovery Protocol Port Details – Network Policy10 ◆ Application Type – The primary application(s) defined for this network policy: ■ Voice ■ Voice Signaling ■ Guest Signaling ■ Guest Voice Signaling ■ Softphone Voice ■ Video Conferencing ■ Streaming Video ■ Video Signaling ◆ Tagged Flag – Indicates whether the specified application type is using a tagged or untagged VLAN.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Link Layer Discovery Protocol ■ ECS ELIN – Emergency Call Service Emergency Location Identification Number supports traditional PSAP-based Emergency Call Service in North America. ◆ Country Code – The two-letter ISO 3166 country code in capital ASCII letters. (Example: DK, DE or US) ◆ What – The type of device to which the location applies as described for the field entry “Device entry refers to” under “Configuring LLDP Interface Attributes.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Link Layer Discovery Protocol Web Interface To display LLDP information for a remote port: 1. Click Administration, LLDP. 2. Select Show Remote Device Information from the Step list. 3. Select Port, Port Details, Trunk, or Trunk Details. 4. When the next page opens, select a port on this switch and the index for a remote device attached to this port. 5. Click Query.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Link Layer Discovery Protocol Figure 261: Displaying Remote Device Information for LLDP (Port Details) – 420 –
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Link Layer Discovery Protocol Additional information displayed by an end-point device which advertises LLDPMED TLVs is shown in the following figure. Figure 262: Displaying Remote Device Information for LLDP (End Node) Displaying Use the Administration > LLDP (Show Device Statistics) page to display statistics for Device Statistics LLDP-capable devices attached to the switch, and for LLDP protocol messages transmitted or received on all local interfaces.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Link Layer Discovery Protocol ◆ Neighbor Entries Dropped Count – The number of times which the remote database on this switch dropped an LLDPDU because of insufficient resources. ◆ Neighbor Entries Age-out Count – The number of times that a neighbor’s information has been deleted from the LLDP remote systems MIB because the remote TTL timer has expired.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Simple Network Management Protocol Figure 263: Displaying LLDP Device Statistics (General) Figure 264: Displaying LLDP Device Statistics (Port) Simple Network Management Protocol Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is a communication protocol designed specifically for managing devices on a network. Equipment commonly managed with SNMP includes switches, routers and host computers.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Simple Network Management Protocol The switch includes an onboard agent that supports SNMP versions 1, 2c, and 3. This agent continuously monitors the status of the switch hardware, as well as the traffic passing through its ports. A network management station can access this information using network management software. Access to the onboard agent from clients using SNMP v1 and v2c is controlled by community strings.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Simple Network Management Protocol Command Usage Configuring SNMPv1/2c Management Access To configure SNMPv1 or v2c management access to the switch, follow these steps: 1. Use the Administration > SNMP (Configure Global) page to enable SNMP on the switch, and to enable trap messages. Refer to: “Configuring Global Settings for SNMP” on page 426 2.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Simple Network Management Protocol Configuring Use the Administration > SNMP (Configure Global) page to enable SNMPv3 service Global Settings for all management clients (i.e., versions 1, 2c, 3), and to enable trap messages. for SNMP Parameters These parameters are displayed: ◆ Agent Status – Enables SNMP on the switch.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Simple Network Management Protocol Range: 1-32 characters, case sensitive Default strings: “public” (Read-Only), “private” (Read/Write) ◆ Access Mode – Specifies the access rights for the community string: ■ Read-Only – Authorized management stations are only able to retrieve MIB objects. ■ Read/Write – Authorized management stations are able to both retrieve and modify MIB objects. Web Interface To set a community access string: 1.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Simple Network Management Protocol Figure 267: Showing Community Access Strings Setting the Use the Administration > SNMP (Configure Engine - Set Engine ID) page to change Local Engine ID the local engine ID. An SNMPv3 engine is an independent SNMP agent that resides on the switch. This engine protects against message replay, delay, and redirection.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Simple Network Management Protocol Figure 268: Configuring the Local Engine ID for SNMP Specifying a Use the Administration > SNMP (Configure Engine - Add Remote Engine) page to Remote Engine ID configure a engine ID for a remote management station. To allow management access from an SNMPv3 user on a remote device, you must first specify the engine identifier for the SNMP agent on the remote device where the user resides.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Simple Network Management Protocol Figure 269: Configuring a Remote Engine ID for SNMP To show the remote SNMP engine IDs: 1. Click Administration, SNMP. 2. Select Configure Engine from the Step list. 3. Select Show Remote Engine from the Action list.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Simple Network Management Protocol Add OID Subtree ◆ View Name – Lists the SNMP views configured in the Add View page. (Range: 1-32 characters) ◆ OID Subtree – Adds an additional object identifier of a branch within the MIB tree to the selected View. Wild cards can be used to mask a specific portion of the OID string.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Simple Network Management Protocol Figure 272: Showing SNMP Views To add an object identifier to an existing SNMP view of the switch’s MIB database: 1. Click Administration, SNMP. 2. Select Configure View from the Step list. 3. Select Add OID Subtree from the Action list. 4. Select a view name from the list of existing views, and specify an additional OID subtree in the switch’s MIB database to be included or excluded in the view. 5.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Simple Network Management Protocol Figure 274: Showing the OID Subtree Configured for SNMP Views Configuring Use the Administration > SNMP (Configure Group) page to add an SNMPv3 group SNMPv3 Groups which can be used to set the access policy for its assigned users, restricting them to specific read, write, and notify views. You can use the pre-defined default groups or create new groups to map a set of SNMP users to SNMP views.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Simple Network Management Protocol Table 32: Supported Notification Messages Model Level Group coldStart 1.3.6.1.6.3.1.1.5.1 A coldStart trap signifies that the SNMPv2 entity, acting in an agent role, is reinitializing itself and that its configuration may have been altered. warmStart 1.3.6.1.6.3.1.1.5.2 A warmStart trap signifies that the SNMPv2 entity, acting in an agent role, is reinitializing itself such that its configuration is unaltered.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Simple Network Management Protocol Table 32: Supported Notification Messages (Continued) Model Level Group swAtcMcastStormAlarmClearTrap 1.3.6.1.4.1.259.10.1.51.102.2.1.0.75 When multicast storm is detected as normal traffic, this trap is fired. swAtcMcastStormTcApplyTrap 1.3.6.1.4.1.259.10.1.51.102.2.1.0.76 When ATC is activated, this trap is fired. swAtcMcastStormTcReleaseTrap 1.3.6.1.4.1.259.10.1.51.102.2.1.0.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Simple Network Management Protocol Table 32: Supported Notification Messages (Continued) Model Level Group userauthModifyUserPrivilegeTrap 1.3.6.1.4.1.259.10.1.51.102.2.1.0.211 This trap is sent when user privilege is modified. cpuGuardControlTrap 1.3.6.1.4.1.259.10.1.51.102.2.1.0.213 This trap is sent when CPU utilization rises above the high-watermark the first time or when CPU utilization rises from below the low-watermark to above the high-watermark.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Simple Network Management Protocol Web Interface To configure an SNMP group: 1. Click Administration, SNMP. 2. Select Configure Group from the Step list. 3. Select Add from the Action list. 4. Enter a group name, assign a security model and level, and then select read, write, and notify views. 5. Click Apply Figure 275: Creating an SNMP Group To show SNMP groups: 1. Click Administration, SNMP. 2. Select Configure Group from the Step list. 3.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Simple Network Management Protocol Configuring Use the Administration > SNMP (Configure User - Add SNMPv3 Local User) page to Local SNMPv3 Users authorize management access for SNMPv3 clients, or to identify the source of SNMPv3 trap messages sent from the local switch. Each SNMPv3 user is defined by a unique name. Users must be configured with a specific security level and assigned to a group.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Simple Network Management Protocol 4. Enter a name and assign it to a group. If the security model is set to SNMPv3 and the security level is authNoPriv or authPriv, then an authentication protocol and password must be specified. If the security level is authPriv, a privacy password must also be specified. 5. Click Apply Figure 277: Configuring Local SNMPv3 Users To show local SNMPv3 users: 1. Click Administration, SNMP. 2.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Simple Network Management Protocol 2. Select Change SNMPv3 Local User Group from the Action list. 3. Select the User Name. 4. Enter a new group name. 5. Click Apply Figure 279: Changing a Local SNMPv3 User Group Configuring Use the Administration > SNMP (Configure User - Add SNMPv3 Remote User) page Remote SNMPv3 Users to identify the source of SNMPv3 inform messages sent from the local switch. Each SNMPv3 user is defined by a unique name.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Simple Network Management Protocol ■ noAuthNoPriv – There is no authentication or encryption used in SNMP communications. (This is the default security level.) ■ AuthNoPriv – SNMP communications use authentication, but the data is not encrypted. ■ AuthPriv – SNMP communications use both authentication and encryption. ◆ Authentication Protocol – The method used for user authentication.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Simple Network Management Protocol Figure 280: Configuring Remote SNMPv3 Users To show remote SNMPv3 users: 1. Click Administration, SNMP. 2. Select Configure User from the Step list. 3. Select Show SNMPv3 Remote User from the Action list.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Simple Network Management Protocol Specifying Use the Administration > SNMP (Configure Trap) page to specify the host devices to Trap Managers be sent traps and the types of traps to send. Traps indicating status changes are issued by the switch to the specified trap managers. You must specify trap managers so that key events are reported by this switch to your management station (using network management software).
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Simple Network Management Protocol ◆ Community String – Specifies a valid community string for the new trap manager entry. (Range: 1-32 characters, case sensitive) Although you can set this string in the Configure Trap – Add page, we recommend defining it in the Configure User – Add Community page. ◆ UDP Port – Specifies the UDP port number used by the trap manager.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Simple Network Management Protocol ■ ◆ Inform – Notifications are sent as inform messages. Note that this option is only available for version 2c and 3 hosts. (Default: traps are used) ■ Timeout – The number of seconds to wait for an acknowledgment before resending an inform message.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Simple Network Management Protocol 5.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Simple Network Management Protocol To show configured trap managers: 1. Click Administration, SNMP. 2. Select Configure Trap from the Step list. 3. Select Show from the Action list. Figure 285: Showing Trap Managers Creating SNMP Use the Administration > SNMP (Configure Notify Filter - Add) page to create an Notification Logs SNMP notification log.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Simple Network Management Protocol ◆ When a trap host is created using the Administration > SNMP (Configure Trap – Add) page described on page 443, a default notify filter will be created. Parameters These parameters are displayed: ◆ IP Address – The IPv4 or IPv6 address of a remote device. The specified target host must already have been configured using the Administration > SNMP (Configure Trap – Add) page. The notification log is stored locally.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Simple Network Management Protocol Figure 287: Showing SNMP Notification Logs Showing Use the Administration > SNMP (Show Statistics) page to show counters for SNMP SNMP Statistics input and output protocol data units. Parameters The following counters are displayed: ◆ SNMP packets input – The total number of messages delivered to the SNMP entity from the transport service.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Simple Network Management Protocol ◆ SNMP packets output – The total number of SNMP Messages which were passed from the SNMP protocol entity to the transport service. ◆ Too big errors – The total number of SNMP PDUs which were generated by the SNMP protocol entity and for which the value of the error-status field is “tooBig.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Remote Monitoring Remote Monitoring Remote Monitoring allows a remote device to collect information or respond to specified events on an independent basis. This switch is an RMON-capable device which can independently perform a wide range of tasks, significantly reducing network management traffic. It can continuously run diagnostics and log information on network performance.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Remote Monitoring ◆ Sample Type – Tests for absolute or relative changes in the specified variable. ■ Absolute – The variable is compared directly to the thresholds at the end of the sampling period. ■ Delta – The last sample is subtracted from the current value and the difference is then compared to the thresholds.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Remote Monitoring Figure 289: Configuring an RMON Alarm To show configured RMON alarms: 1. Click Administration, RMON. 2. Select Configure Global from the Step list. 3. Select Show from the Action list. 4. Click Alarm.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Remote Monitoring Configuring RMON Use the Administration > RMON (Configure Global - Add - Event) page to set the Events action to take when an alarm is triggered. The response can include logging the alarm or sending a message to a trap manager. Alarms and corresponding events provide a way of immediately responding to critical network problems. Command Usage ◆ If an alarm is already defined for an index, the entry must be deleted before any changes can be made.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Remote Monitoring Web Interface To configure an RMON event: 1. Click Administration, RMON. 2. Select Configure Global from the Step list. 3. Select Add from the Action list. 4. Click Event. 5. Enter an index number, the type of event to initiate, the community string to send with trap messages, the name of the person who created this event, and a brief description of the event. 6.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Remote Monitoring Figure 292: Showing Configured RMON Events Configuring RMON Use the Administration > RMON (Configure Interface - Add - History) page to collect History Samples statistics on a physical interface to monitor network utilization, packet types, and errors. A historical record of activity can be used to track down intermittent problems.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Remote Monitoring ◆ Interval - The polling interval. (Range: 1-3600 seconds; Default: 1800 seconds) ◆ Buckets - The number of buckets requested for this entry. (Range: 1-65535; Default: 50) The number of buckets granted are displayed on the Show page. ◆ Owner - Name of the person who created this entry. (Range: 1-32 characters) Web Interface To periodically sample statistics on a port: 1. Click Administration, RMON. 2.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Remote Monitoring 4. Select a port from the list. 5. Click History. Figure 294: Showing Configured RMON History Samples To show collected RMON history samples: 1. Click Administration, RMON. 2. Select Configure Interface from the Step list. 3. Select Show Details from the Action list. 4. Select a port from the list. 5. Click History.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Remote Monitoring Configuring RMON Use the Administration > RMON (Configure Interface - Add - Statistics) page to Statistical Samples collect statistics on a port, which can subsequently be used to monitor the network for common errors and overall traffic rates. Command Usage ◆ If statistics collection is already enabled on an interface, the entry must be deleted before any changes can be made.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Remote Monitoring Figure 296: Configuring an RMON Statistical Sample To show configured RMON statistical samples: 1. Click Administration, RMON. 2. Select Configure Interface from the Step list. 3. Select Show from the Action list. 4. Select a port from the list. 5. Click Statistics. Figure 297: Showing Configured RMON Statistical Samples To show collected RMON statistical samples: 1. Click Administration, RMON. 2.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Setting a Time Range Figure 298: Showing Collected RMON Statistical Samples Setting a Time Range Use the Administration > Time Range page to set a time range during which various functions are applied, including applied ACLs or PoE. Command Usage ◆ If both an absolute rule and one or more periodic rules are configured for the same time range (i.e.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Setting a Time Range ◆ Mode ■ Absolute – Specifies a specific time or time range. ■ ■ Start/End – Specifies the hours, minutes, month, day, and year at which to start or end. Periodic – Specifies a periodic interval. ■ Start/To – Specifies the days of the week, hours, and minutes at which to start or end. Web Interface To configure a time range: 1. Click Administration, Time Range. 2. Select Add from the Action list. 3. Enter the name of a time range. 4.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Setting a Time Range To configure a rule for a time range: 1. Click Administration, Time Range. 2. Select Add Rule from the Action list. 3. Select the name of time range from the drop-down list. 4. Select a mode option of Absolute or Periodic. 5. Fill in the required parameters for the selected mode. 6. Click Apply. Figure 301: Add a Rule to a Time Range To show the rules configured for a time range: 1. Click Administration, Time Range. 2.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Ethernet Ring Protection Switching Ethernet Ring Protection Switching Note: Information in this section is based on ITU-T G.8032/Y.1344. The ITU G.8032 recommendation specifies a protection switching mechanism and protocol for Ethernet layer network rings. Ethernet rings can provide wide-area multipoint connectivity more economically due to their reduced number of links. The mechanisms and protocol defined in G.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Ethernet Ring Protection Switching request) message indicating they have no local request. When the RPL owner receives an R-APS (NR) message it starts the Wait-To-Recover (WTR) timer. Once WTR timer expires, the RPL owner blocks the RPL and transmits an R-APS (NR, RB ring blocked) message. Nodes receiving this message flush the forwarding database and unblock their previously blocked ports. The ring is now returned to Idle state.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Ethernet Ring Protection Switching Ring nodes C and D, that are common to both ERP1 and ERP2, are called interconnection nodes. The ring link between the interconnection nodes are controlled and protected by the ring it belongs to. In the example for the Normal Condition, the ring link between ring nodes C and D is part of ERP1, and, as such, are controlled and protected by ERP1.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Ethernet Ring Protection Switching 4. Configure the RPL owner (Configure Instance – Configure Details): Configure one node in the ring as the Ring Protection Link (RPL) owner. When this switch is configured as the RPL owner, the west ring port is set as being connected to the RPL. Under normal operations (Idle state), the RPL is blocked to ensure that a loop cannot form in the ring.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Ethernet Ring Protection Switching ◆ One VLAN must be added to an ERPS instance as the CVLAN. This can be designated as any VLAN, other than the management VLAN. The CVLAN should only contain ring ports, and must not be configured with an IP address. ERPS Global Use the Administration > ERPS (Configure Global) page to globally enable or Configuration disable ERPS on the switch.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Ethernet Ring Protection Switching Figure 305: Setting ERPS Global Status ERPS VLAN Group Use the Administration > ERPS (Configure VLAN Group) pages to configure ERPS Configuration VLAN groups. Command Usage ◆ A set of VLANs in an Ethernet ring can be grouped into several subsets and applied to an ERPS instance. ◆ A VLAN group configuration is allowed to be deleted only if all associations are removed.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Ethernet Ring Protection Switching Figure 306: Configuring ERPS VLAN Groups ERPS Ring Use the Administration > ERPS (Configure Ring) pages to configure a physical ERPS Configuration ring. Command Usage ◆ The switch can support ERPS rings up to half the number of physical ports on the switch. ◆ Each node must be connected to two neighbors on the ring. For convenience, the ports connected are referred to as east and west ports.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Ethernet Ring Protection Switching ◆ Exclusion VLANs – VLAN groups that are to be on the exclusion list of a physical ERPS ring. ◆ Status – Enables ERPS on the configured ring. (Default: Disabled) ERPS must be enabled globally on the switch before it can enabled on an ERPS ring. Web Interface To configure a physical ERPS ring on the switch: 1. Click Administration, ERPS. 2. Select Configure Ring from the Step list. 3. Select Add from the Action list. 4.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Ethernet Ring Protection Switching running. Once enabled, the RPL owner node and non-owner node state machines will start, and the ring instance will enter the active state. Parameters These parameters are displayed: Add ◆ Instance Name – Name of an ERPS ring. (Range: 1-12 characters) ◆ ID – ERPS instance identifier used in R-APS messages. (Range: 1-255) Show ◆ Name – Name of a configured ERPS instance. ◆ ID – ERPS ring identifier used in R-APS messages.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Ethernet Ring Protection Switching ■ Down – The interface is not linked up. ■ Unknown – The interface is not in a known state (includes the domain being disabled). ◆ Local SF – A signal fault generated on a link to the local node. ◆ Local FS – Shows if a forced switch command was issued on this interface. ◆ Local MS – Shows if a manual switch command was issued on this interface. ◆ MEP – The MEP used to monitor the status on this link.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Ethernet Ring Protection Switching Once the ring has been activated, the configuration of the control VLAN cannot be modified. Use the Admin Status parameter to stop the ERPS ring before making any configuration changes to the control VLAN. ◆ Node State – Refer to the parameters for the Show page. ◆ Node Type – Shows ERPS node type as one of the following: ■ None – Node is neither Ring Protection Link (RPL) owner nor neighbor. (This is the default setting.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Ethernet Ring Protection Switching ports, this ring can only be a major ring, not a secondary ring (or sub-ring) which can have only one physical ring port. The major ring therefore cannot be set if the east port is already configured. ◆ Version – Specifies compatibility with the following ERPS versions: ■ 1 - ERPS version 1 based on ITU-T G.8032/Y.1344. ■ 2 - ERPS version 2 based on ITU-T G.8032/Y.1344 Version 2. (This is the default setting.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Ethernet Ring Protection Switching ■ Recovery for Protection Switching – A ring node that has one or more ring ports in an SF (Signal Fail) condition, upon detecting the SF condition cleared, keeps at least one of its ring ports blocked for the traffic channel and for the R-APS channel, until the RPL is blocked as a result of ring protection reversion, or until there is another higher priority request (e.g., an SF condition) in the ring.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Ethernet Ring Protection Switching c. When the operator issues the Clear command (Configure Operation page) for non-revertive mode at the RPL Owner Node, the non-revertive operation is cleared, the RPL Owner Node blocks its RPL port, and transmits an R-APS (NR, RB) message in both directions, repeatedly. d. Upon receiving an R-APS (NR, RB) message, any blocking node should unblock its non-failed ring port.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Ethernet Ring Protection Switching ■ Recovery with non-revertive mode is handled as follows: a. The RPL Owner Node, upon reception of an R-APS(NR) message and in the absence of any other higher priority request does not perform any action. b.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Ethernet Ring Protection Switching initiates reversion by blocking the traffic channel on the RPL, transmitting an R-APS (NR, RB) message over both ring ports, informing the ring that the RPL is blocked, and flushes its FDB. c. The acceptance of the R-APS (NR, RB) message causes all ring nodes to unblock any blocked non-RPL that does not have an SF condition. If it is an R-APS (NR, RB) message without a DNF indication, all Ethernet Ring Nodes flush their FDB.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Ethernet Ring Protection Switching sub-ring being transported over the virtual channel into the interconnected network can be uniquely distinguished from those of other interconnected ring R-APS messages. This can be achieved by, for example, by using separate VIDs for the virtual channels of different sub-rings.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Ethernet Ring Protection Switching Figure 309: Sub-ring without Virtual Channel RPL Port Interconnection Node Sub-ring with Virtual Channel ◆ Ring Node Major Ring R-APS Def MAC – Sets the switch’s MAC address to be used as the node identifier in R-APS messages. (Default: Enabled) When ring nodes running ERPSv1 and ERPSv2 co-exist on the same ring, the Ring ID of each ring node must be configured as “1”.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Ethernet Ring Protection Switching switching mechanism. The reported defect need not be the same one that started the timer. ◆ Guard Timer – The guard timer is used to prevent ring nodes from receiving outdated R-APS messages. During the duration of the guard timer, all received R-APS messages are ignored by the ring protection control process, giving time for old messages still circulating on the ring to expire.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Ethernet Ring Protection Switching ◆ Physical Ring – Specifies the name of the physical ring on which the configured instance runs. ◆ West/East – Connects to next ring node to the west/east. Each node must be connected to two neighbors on the ring. For convenience, the ports connected are referred to as east and west ports.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Ethernet Ring Protection Switching Web Interface To create an ERPS instance: 1. Click Administration, ERPS. 2. Select Configure Instance from the Step list. 3. Select Add from the Action list. 4. Enter a name and optional identifier for the instance. 5. Click Apply. Figure 310: Creating an ERPS Instance To configure the ERPS parameters for an instance: 1. Click Administration, ERPS. 2. Select Configure Instance from the Step list. 3.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Ethernet Ring Protection Switching Figure 311: Configuring ERPS Instance Details To show the configured ERPS instances: 1. Click Administration, ERPS. 2. Select Configure Instance from the Step list. 3. Select Show from the Action list.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Ethernet Ring Protection Switching Figure 312: Showing Configured ERPS Instances ERPS Forced and Use the Administration > ERPS (Configure Instance - Configure Operation) page to Manual Mode block a ring port using Forced Switch or Manual Switch commands. Operations Parameters These parameters are displayed: ◆ Instance Name – Name of a configured ERPS instance.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Ethernet Ring Protection Switching ■ Protection switching on a forced switch request is completed when the above actions are performed by each ring node. At this point, traffic flows around the ring are resumed.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Ethernet Ring Protection Switching ■ When a ring is under an FS condition, and the node at which an FS command was issued is removed or fails, the ring remains in FS state because the FS command can only be cleared at node where the FS command was issued. This results in an unrecoverable FS condition. When performing a maintenance procedure (e.g.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols Ethernet Ring Protection Switching a. While an existing manual switch request is present in the ring, any new manual switch request is rejected. The request is rejected at the ring node where the new request is issued and a notification is generated to inform the operator that the new MS request was not accepted. b.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols OAM Configuration 5. Specify a Forced Switch, Manual Switch, or Clear operation. 6. Click Apply. Figure 313: Blocking an ERPS Ring Port OAM Configuration The switch provides OAM (Operation, Administration, and Maintenance) remote management tools required to monitor and maintain the links to subscriber CPEs (Customer Premise Equipment).
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols OAM Configuration Table 34: OAM Operation State (Continued) ◆ ◆ State Description Active Send Local This value is used by active mode devices and indicates the OAM entity is actively trying to discover whether the peer has OAM capability but has not yet made that determination. Send Local And Remote The local OAM entity has discovered the peer but has not yet accepted or rejected the configuration of the peer.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols OAM Configuration An errored frame link event occurs if the threshold is reached or exceeded within the specified period. If reporting is enabled and an errored frame link event occurs, the local OAM entity (this switch) sends an Event Notification OAMPDU to the remote OAM entity. The Errored Frame Event TLV includes the number of errored frames detected during the specified period. ■ Status – Enables reporting of errored frame link events.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols OAM Configuration ◆ Clear – Clears statistical counters for the selected ports. ◆ OAMPDU – Message types transmitted and received by the OAM protocol, including Information OAMPDUs, unique Event OAMPDUs, Loopback Control OAMPDUs, and Organization Specific OAMPDUs. Web Interface To display statistics for OAM messages: 1. Click Administration, OAM, Counters.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols OAM Configuration Figure 316: Displaying the OAM Event Log Displaying the Status Use the Administration > OAM > Remote Interface page to display information of Remote Interfaces about attached OAM-enabled devices. Parameters These parameters are displayed: ◆ Port – Port identifier. (Range: 1-54) ◆ MAC Address – MAC address of the OAM peer. ◆ OUI – Organizational Unit Identifier of the OAM peer.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols OAM Configuration Web Interface To display information about attached OAM-enabled devices: 1. Click Administration, OAM, Remote Interface. Figure 317: Displaying Status of Remote Interfaces Configuring a Remote Use the Administration > OAM > Remote Loopback (Remote Loopback Test) page Loopback Test to initiate a loop back test to the peer device attached to the selected port.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols OAM Configuration ◆ Loopback Status – Shows if loopback testing is currently running. Loopback Test Parameters ◆ Packet Number – Number of packets to send. (Range: 1-99999999; Default: 10000) ◆ Packet Size – Size of packets to send. (Range: 64-1518 bytes; Default: 64 bytes) ◆ Test – Starts the loop back test. ◆ End – Stops the loop back test. Loop Back Status of Remote Device ◆ Result – Shows the loop back status on the peer.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols OAM Configuration 3. Select the port on which to initiate remote loop back testing, enable the Loop Back Mode attribute, and click Apply. 4. Set the number of packets to send and the packet size, and then click Test.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols LBD Configuration Figure 319: Displaying the Results of Remote Loop Back Testing LBD Configuration The switch can be configured to detect general loopback conditions caused by hardware problems or faulty protocol settings. When loopback detection (LBD) is enabled, a control frame is transmitted on the participating ports, and the switch monitors inbound traffic to see if the frame is looped back.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols LBD Configuration ◆ Transmit Interval – Specifies the interval at which to transmit loopback detection control frames. (Range: 1-32767 seconds; Default: 10 seconds) ◆ Recover Time – Specifies the interval to wait before the switch automatically releases an interface from shutdown state.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols LBD Configuration Figure 320: Configuring Global Settings for LBD Configuring Interface Use the Administration > LBD (Configure Interface) page to enable loopback Settings for LBD detection on an interface, to display the loopback operational state, and the VLANs which are looped back.
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols LBD Configuration Figure 321: Configuring Interface Settings for LBD – 501 –
Chapter 13 | Basic Administration Protocols LBD Configuration – 502 –
14 Multicast Filtering This chapter describes how to configure the following multicast services: ◆ IGMP Snooping – Configures snooping and query parameters. ◆ IGMP Filtering and Throttling – Filters specified multicast service, or throttles the maximum of multicast groups allowed on an interface. ◆ MLD Snooping – Configures snooping and query parameters for IPv6.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering Layer 2 IGMP (Snooping and Query for IPv4) Figure 322: Multicast Filtering Concept Unicast Flow Multicast Flow This switch can use Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) to filter multicast traffic. IGMP Snooping can be used to passively monitor or “snoop” on exchanges between attached hosts and an IGMP-enabled device, most commonly a multicast router. In this way, the switch can discover the ports that want to join a multicast group, and set its filters accordingly.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering Layer 2 IGMP (Snooping and Query for IPv4) When using IGMPv3 snooping, service requests from IGMP Version 1, 2 or 3 hosts are all forwarded to the upstream router as IGMPv3 reports. The primary enhancement provided by IGMPv3 snooping is in keeping track of information about the specific multicast sources which downstream IGMPv3 hosts have requested or refused.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering Layer 2 IGMP (Snooping and Query for IPv4) IGMP Snooping with Proxy Reporting – The switch supports last leave, and query suppression (as defined in DSL Forum TR-101, April 2006): ◆ When proxy reporting is disabled, all IGMP reports received by the switch are forwarded natively to the upstream multicast routers. ◆ Last Leave: Intercepts, absorbs and summarizes IGMP leaves coming from IGMP hosts.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering Layer 2 IGMP (Snooping and Query for IPv4) Parameters These parameters are displayed: ◆ IGMP Snooping Status – When enabled, the switch will monitor network traffic to determine which hosts want to receive multicast traffic. This is referred to as IGMP Snooping. (Default: Disabled) When IGMP snooping is enabled globally, the per VLAN interface settings for IGMP snooping take precedence (see “Setting IGMP Snooping Status per Interface” on page 514).
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering Layer 2 IGMP (Snooping and Query for IPv4) members have been learned. Otherwise, the time spent in flooding mode can be manually configured to reduce excessive loading. When the spanning tree topology changes, the root bridge sends a proxy query to quickly re-learn the host membership/port relations for multicast channels. The root bridge also sends an unsolicited Multicast Router Discover (MRD) request to quickly locate the multicast routers in this VLAN.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering Layer 2 IGMP (Snooping and Query for IPv4) ◆ Version Exclusive – Discards any received IGMP messages which use a version different to that currently configured by the IGMP Version attribute. (Default: Disabled) ◆ IGMP Unsolicited Report Interval – Specifies how often the upstream interface should transmit unsolicited IGMP reports when proxy reporting is enabled.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering Layer 2 IGMP (Snooping and Query for IPv4) Figure 323: Configuring General Settings for IGMP Snooping Specifying Static Use the Multicast > IGMP Snooping > Multicast Router (Add Static Multicast Router) Interfaces for a page to statically attach an interface to a multicast router/switch. Multicast Router Depending on network connections, IGMP snooping may not always be able to locate the IGMP querier.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering Layer 2 IGMP (Snooping and Query for IPv4) Show Static Multicast Router ◆ VLAN – Selects the VLAN for which to display any configured static multicast routers. ◆ Interface – Shows the interface to which the specified static multicast routers are attached. Show Current Multicast Router ◆ VLAN – Selects the VLAN for which to display any currently active multicast routers. ◆ Interface – Shows the interface to which an active multicast router is attached.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering Layer 2 IGMP (Snooping and Query for IPv4) Figure 325: Showing Static Interfaces Attached a Multicast Router Multicast routers that are attached to ports on the switch use information obtained from IGMP, along with a multicast routing protocol (such as PIM) to support IP multicasting across the Internet. These routers may be dynamically discovered by the switch or statically assigned to an interface on the switch.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering Layer 2 IGMP (Snooping and Query for IPv4) ports attached to participating hosts to a common VLAN, and then assign the multicast service to that VLAN group. Command Usage ◆ Static multicast addresses are never aged out. ◆ When a multicast address is assigned to an interface in a specific VLAN, the corresponding traffic can only be forwarded to ports within that VLAN.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering Layer 2 IGMP (Snooping and Query for IPv4) To show the static interfaces assigned to a multicast service: 1. Click Multicast, IGMP Snooping, IGMP Member. 2. Select Show Static Member from the Action list. 3. Select the VLAN for which to display this information.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering Layer 2 IGMP (Snooping and Query for IPv4) Note: The default values recommended in the MRD draft are implemented in the switch. Multicast Router Discovery uses the following three message types to discover multicast routers: ◆ Multicast Router Advertisement – Advertisements are sent by routers to advertise that IP multicast forwarding is enabled. These messages are sent unsolicited periodically on all router interfaces on which multicast forwarding is enabled.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering Layer 2 IGMP (Snooping and Query for IPv4) Parameters These parameters are displayed: ◆ VLAN – ID of configured VLANs. (Range: 1-4094) ◆ IGMP Snooping Status – When enabled, the switch will monitor network traffic on the indicated VLAN interface to determine which hosts want to receive multicast traffic. This is referred to as IGMP Snooping.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering Layer 2 IGMP (Snooping and Query for IPv4) joining the multicast group. Only when all hosts on that port leave the group will the member port be deleted. ◆ Multicast Router Discovery – MRD is used to discover which interfaces are attached to multicast routers. (Default: Disabled) ◆ General Query Suppression – Suppresses general queries except for ports attached to downstream multicast hosts.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering Layer 2 IGMP (Snooping and Query for IPv4) ◆ Query Interval – The interval between sending IGMP general queries. (Range: 2-31744 seconds; Default: 125 seconds) An IGMP general query message is sent by the switch at the interval specified by this attribute. When this message is received by downstream hosts, all receivers build an IGMP report for the multicast groups they have joined.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering Layer 2 IGMP (Snooping and Query for IPv4) To resolve this problem, the source address in proxied IGMP query messages can be replaced with any valid unicast address (other than the router’s own address). ◆ Report Suppression – Enables report suppression on the VLAN, which intercepts, absorbs and summarizes IGMP reports coming from downstream hosts.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering Layer 2 IGMP (Snooping and Query for IPv4) Figure 330: Showing Interface Settings for IGMP Snooping Filtering IGMP Packets Use the Multicast > IGMP Snooping > Interface (Configure Interface) page to on an Interface configure an interface to drop IGMP query packets or multicast data packets, or enable IGMP authentication. Parameters These parameters are displayed: ◆ Interface – Port or Trunk identifier.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering Layer 2 IGMP (Snooping and Query for IPv4) Figure 331: Dropping IGMP Query or Multicast Data Packets Displaying Multicast Use the Multicast > IGMP Snooping > Forwarding Entry page to display the Groups Discovered forwarding entries learned through IGMP Snooping. by IGMP Snooping Command Usage To display information about multicast groups, IGMP Snooping must first be enabled on the switch (see page 506).
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering Layer 2 IGMP (Snooping and Query for IPv4) Web Interface To show multicast groups learned through IGMP snooping: 1. Click Multicast, IGMP Snooping, Forwarding Entry. Figure 332: Showing Multicast Groups Learned by IGMP Snooping Displaying IGMP Use the Multicast > IGMP Snooping > Statistics pages to display IGMP snooping Snooping Statistics protocol-related statistics for the specified interface.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering Layer 2 IGMP (Snooping and Query for IPv4) ◆ Other Querier Expire – Time after which remote querier is assumed to have expired. ◆ Other Querier Uptime – Time remote querier has been up. ◆ Self Querier – IP address of local querier on this interface. ◆ Self Querier Expire – Time after which local querier is assumed to have expired. ◆ Self Querier Uptime – Time local querier has been up.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering Layer 2 IGMP (Snooping and Query for IPv4) ◆ Drop – The number of times a report, leave or query was dropped. Packets may be dropped due to invalid format, rate limiting, packet content not allowed, or IGMP group report received. ◆ Join Success – The number of times a multicast group was successfully joined. ◆ Group – The number of IGMP groups active on this interface. Output Statistics ◆ Report – The number of IGMP membership reports sent from this interface.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering Layer 2 IGMP (Snooping and Query for IPv4) Figure 333: Displaying IGMP Snooping Statistics – Query To display IGMP snooping protocol-related statistics for a VLAN: 1. Click Multicast, IGMP Snooping, Statistics. 2. Select Show VLAN Statistics from the Action list. 3. Select a VLAN.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering Layer 2 IGMP (Snooping and Query for IPv4) Figure 334: Displaying IGMP Snooping Statistics – VLAN To display IGMP snooping protocol-related statistics for a port: 1. Click Multicast, IGMP Snooping, Statistics. 2. Select Show Port Statistics from the Action list. 3. Select a Port.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering Filtering and Throttling IGMP Groups To display IGMP snooping protocol-related statistics for a trunk: 1. Click Multicast, IGMP Snooping, Statistics. 2. Select Show Trunk Statistics from the Action list. 3. Select a Trunk. Figure 336: Displaying IGMP Snooping Statistics – Trunk Filtering and Throttling IGMP Groups In certain switch applications, the administrator may want to control the multicast services that are available to end users.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering Filtering and Throttling IGMP Groups switch randomly removes an existing group and replaces it with the new multicast group. Enabling IGMP Use the Multicast > IGMP Snooping > Filter (Configure General) page to enable Filtering and IGMP filtering and throttling globally on the switch. Throttling Parameters These parameters are displayed: ◆ IGMP Filter Status – Enables IGMP filtering and throttling globally for the switch.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering Filtering and Throttling IGMP Groups Parameters These parameters are displayed: Add ◆ Profile ID – Creates an IGMP profile. (Range: 1-4294967295) ◆ Access Mode – Sets the access mode of the profile; either permit or deny. (Default: Deny) When the access mode is set to permit, IGMP join reports are processed when a multicast group falls within the controlled range.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering Filtering and Throttling IGMP Groups To show the IGMP filter profiles: 1. Click Multicast, IGMP Snooping, Filter. 2. Select Configure Profile from the Step list. 3. Select Show from the Action list. Figure 339: Showing the IGMP Filtering Profiles Created To add a range of multicast groups to an IGMP filter profile: 1. Click Multicast, IGMP Snooping, Filter. 2. Select Configure Profile from the Step list. 3. Select Add Multicast Group Range from the Action list. 4.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering Filtering and Throttling IGMP Groups To show the multicast groups configured for an IGMP filter profile: 1. Click Multicast, IGMP Snooping, Filter. 2. Select Configure Profile from the Step list. 3. Select Show Multicast Group Range from the Action list. 4. Select the profile for which to display this information.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering MLD Snooping (Snooping and Query for IPv6) ◆ Current Multicast Groups – Displays the current multicast groups the interface has joined. ◆ Throttling Action Mode – Sets the action to take when the maximum number of multicast groups for the interface has been exceeded. (Default: Deny) ◆ ■ Deny - The new multicast group join report is dropped. ■ Replace - The new multicast group replaces an existing group.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering MLD Snooping (Snooping and Query for IPv6) include MLDv2 query and report messages, as well as MLDv1 report and done messages. Remember that IGMP Snooping and MLD Snooping are independent functions, and can therefore both function at the same time. Configuring MLD Use the Multicast > MLD Snooping > General page to configure the switch to Snooping and Query forward multicast traffic intelligently.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering MLD Snooping (Snooping and Query for IPv6) receiving query packets) to have expired. (Range: 300-500 seconds; Default: 300 seconds) ◆ MLD Snooping Version – The protocol version used for compatibility with other devices on the network. This is the MLD version the switch uses to send snooping reports. (Range: 1-2; Default: 2) ◆ Unknown Multicast Mode – The action for dealing with unknown multicast packets.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering MLD Snooping (Snooping and Query for IPv6) Figure 343: Configuring General Settings for MLD Snooping Setting Immediate Use the Multicast > MLD Snooping > Interface page to configure Immediate Leave Leave Status for status for a VLAN. MLD Snooping per Interface Parameters These parameters are displayed: ◆ VLAN – A VLAN identification number.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering MLD Snooping (Snooping and Query for IPv6) Web Interface To configure immediate leave for MLD Snooping: 1. Click Multicast, MLD Snooping, Interface. 2. Select a VLAN, and set the status for immediate leave. 3. Click Apply. Figure 344: Configuring Immediate Leave for MLD Snooping Specifying Static Use the Multicast > MLD Snooping > Multicast Router (Add Static Multicast Router) Interfaces for an page to statically attach an interface to an IPv6 multicast router/switch.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering MLD Snooping (Snooping and Query for IPv6) 3. Select the VLAN which will forward all the corresponding IPv6 multicast traffic, and select the port or trunk attached to the multicast router. 4. Click Apply. Figure 345: Configuring a Static Interface for an IPv6 Multicast Router To show the static interfaces attached to a multicast router: 1. Click Multicast, MLD Snooping, Multicast Router. 2. Select Show Static Multicast Router from the Action list. 3.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering MLD Snooping (Snooping and Query for IPv6) Figure 347: Showing Current Interfaces Attached an IPv6 Multicast Router Assigning Interfaces Use the Multicast > MLD Snooping > MLD Member (Add Static Member) page to to IPv6 Multicast statically assign an IPv6 multicast service to an interface. Services Multicast filtering can be dynamically configured using MLD snooping and query messages (see “Configuring MLD Snooping and Query Parameters” on page 533).
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering MLD Snooping (Snooping and Query for IPv6) Web Interface To statically assign an interface to an IPv6 multicast service: 1. Click Multicast, MLD Snooping, MLD Member. 2. Select Add Static Member from the Action list. 3. Select the VLAN that will propagate the multicast service, specify the interface attached to a multicast service (through an MLD-enabled switch or multicast router), and enter the multicast IP address. 4. Click Apply.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering MLD Snooping (Snooping and Query for IPv6) To display information about all IPv6 multicast groups, MLD Snooping or multicast routing must first be enabled on the switch. To show all of the interfaces statically or dynamically assigned to an IPv6 multicast service: 1. Click Multicast, MLD Snooping, MLD Member. 2. Select Show Current Member from the Action list. 3. Select the VLAN for which to display this information.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering MLD Snooping (Snooping and Query for IPv6) 4. Click Apply. Figure 351: Dropping MLD Query Packets Showing MLD Use the Multicast > MLD Snooping > Group Information page to display known Snooping Groups multicast groups, member ports, the means by which each group was learned, and and Source List the corresponding source list. Parameters These parameters are displayed: ◆ VLAN – VLAN identifier. (Range: 1-4094) ◆ Interface – Port or trunk identifier.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering MLD Snooping (Snooping and Query for IPv6) Web Interface To display known MLD multicast groups: 1. Click Multicast, MLD Snooping, Group Information. 2. Select the port or trunk, and then select a multicast service assigned to that interface. Figure 352: Showing IPv6 Multicast Services and Corresponding Sources Displaying MLD Use the Multicast > IGMP Snooping > Statistics pages to display MLD snooping Snooping Statistics protocol-related statistics.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering MLD Snooping (Snooping and Query for IPv6) ◆ Join Success – The number of times a multicast group was successfully joined. ◆ Group – The number of MLD groups active on this interface. Output Same as input parameters listed above, except that the direction of transmission is outbound. Query ◆ Other Querier Address – IP address of remote querier on this interface. ◆ Other Querier Expire – Time after which remote querier is assumed to have expired.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering MLD Snooping (Snooping and Query for IPv6) ■ ■ ◆ Group Specific – The number of group specific queries sent from this interface. Received ■ General – The number of general queries received on this interface. ■ Group Specific – The number of group specific queries received on this interface. Report & Leave ■ ■ Transmit ■ Report – The number of MLD membership reports sent from this interface. ■ Leave – The number of leave messages sent from this interface.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering MLD Snooping (Snooping and Query for IPv6) ■ Self Addr – IPv6 address of local querier on this interface. ■ Self Expire – Time after which local querier is assumed to have expired. ■ Self Uptime – Time local querier has been up. ■ Transmit ■ ◆ ■ General – The number of general queries sent from this interface. ■ Group Specific – The number of group specific queries sent from this interface.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering MLD Snooping (Snooping and Query for IPv6) Clear Parameters These parameters are displayed: ◆ All – Clears statistics for all MLD messages. ◆ VLAN – VLAN identifier. (Range: 1-4094) ◆ Unit – Stack unit. (Range: 1) ◆ Port – Port identifier. (Range: 1-54) ◆ Trunk – Trunk identifier. (Range: 1-16) Web Interface To display MLD snooping input-related message statistics: 1. Click Multicast, MLD Snooping, Statistics. 2. Select Input.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering MLD Snooping (Snooping and Query for IPv6) To display MLD snooping output-related message statistics: 1. Click Multicast, MLD Snooping, Statistics. 2. Select Output. Figure 354: Displaying MLD Snooping Statistics – Output To display MLD query message statistics: 1. Click Multicast, MLD Snooping, Statistics. 2. Select Query.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering MLD Snooping (Snooping and Query for IPv6) To display MLD summary statistics for a port or trunk: 1. Click Multicast, MLD Snooping, Statistics. 2. Select Summary. 3. Select a port or trunk.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering MLD Snooping (Snooping and Query for IPv6) To display MLD summary statistics for a VLAN: 1. Click Multicast, MLD Snooping, Statistics. 2. Select Summary. 3. Select a VLAN.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering Filtering and Throttling MLD Groups To clear MLD statistics: 1. Click Multicast, MLD Snooping, Statistics. 2. Select Clear. 3. Select All or enter the required interface. 4. Click Clear. Figure 358: Clearing MLD Snooping Statistics Filtering and Throttling MLD Groups In certain switch applications, the administrator may want to control the multicast services that are available to end users. For example, an IP/TV service based on a specific subscription plan.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering Filtering and Throttling MLD Groups Enabling MLD Use the Multicast > MLD Snooping > Filter (Configure General) page to enable Filtering and IGMP filtering and throttling globally on the switch. Throttling Parameters These parameters are displayed: ◆ MLD Filter Status – Enables MLD filtering and throttling globally for the switch. (Default: Disabled) Web Interface To enable MLD filtering and throttling on the switch: 1. Click Multicast, MLD Snooping, Filter. 2.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering Filtering and Throttling MLD Groups When the access mode is set to permit, MLD join reports are processed when a multicast group falls within the controlled range. When the access mode is set to deny, MLD join reports are only processed when the multicast group is not in the controlled range. Add Multicast Group Range ◆ Profile ID – Selects an IGMP profile to configure. ◆ Start Multicast IPv6 Address – Specifies the starting address of a range of multicast groups.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering Filtering and Throttling MLD Groups Figure 361: Showing the MLD Filtering Profiles Created To add a range of multicast groups to an MLD filter profile: 1. Click Multicast, MLD Snooping, Filter. 2. Select Configure Profile from the Step list. 3. Select Add Multicast Group Range from the Action list. 4. Select the profile to configure, and add a multicast group address or range of addresses. 5. Click Apply.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering Filtering and Throttling MLD Groups To show the multicast groups configured for an MLD filter profile: 1. Click Multicast, MLD Snooping, Filter. 2. Select Configure Profile from the Step list. 3. Select Show Multicast Group Range from the Action list. 4. Select the profile for which to display this information.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering Filtering and Throttling MLD Groups ◆ Current Multicast Groups – Displays the current multicast groups the interface has joined. ◆ Throttling Action Mode – Sets the action to take when the maximum number of multicast groups for the interface has been exceeded. (Default: Deny) ◆ ■ Deny - The new multicast group join report is dropped. ■ Replace - The new multicast group replaces an existing group.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering Multicast VLAN Registration for IPv4 Multicast VLAN Registration for IPv4 Multicast VLAN Registration (MVR) is a protocol that controls access to a single network-wide VLAN most commonly used for transmitting multicast traffic (such as television channels or video-on-demand) across a service provider’s network. Any multicast traffic entering an MVR VLAN is sent to all attached subscribers.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering Multicast VLAN Registration for IPv4 participating interfaces (see “Assigning Static MVR Multicast Groups to Interfaces” on page 566). ◆ Although MVR operates on the underlying mechanism of IGMP snooping, the two features operate independently of each other. One can be enabled or disabled without affecting the behavior of the other. However, if IGMP snooping and MVR are both enabled, MVR reacts only to join and leave messages from multicast groups configured under MVR.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering Multicast VLAN Registration for IPv4 ◆ ◆ ◆ ■ When a source port receives a query message, it will be forwarded to all downstream receiver ports. ■ When a receiver port receives a query message, it will be dropped. Robustness Value – Configures the expected packet loss, and thereby the number of times to generate report and group-specific queries.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering Multicast VLAN Registration for IPv4 Web Interface To configure global settings for MVR: 1. Click Multicast, MVR. 2. Select Configure Global from the Step list. 3. Set the status for MVR proxy switching, the robustness value used for report and query messages, the proxy query interval, and source port mode. 4. Click Apply.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering Multicast VLAN Registration for IPv4 ◆ MVR Current Learned Groups – The number of MVR groups currently assigned to this domain. ◆ Forwarding Priority – The CoS priority assigned to all multicast traffic forwarded into this domain. (Range: 0-7, where 7 is the highest priority) This parameter can be used to set a high priority for low-latency multicast traffic such as a video-conference, or to set a low priority for normal multicast traffic not sensitive to latency.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering Multicast VLAN Registration for IPv4 Configuring MVR Use the Multicast > MVR (Configure Profile and Associate Profile) pages to assign Group Address the multicast group address for required services to one or more MVR domains. Profiles Command Usage ◆ Use the Configure Profile page to statically configure all multicast group addresses that will join the MVR VLAN.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering Multicast VLAN Registration for IPv4 5. Click Apply. Figure 368: Configuring an MVR Group Address Profile To show the configured MVR group address profiles: 1. Click Multicast, MVR. 2. Select Configure Profile from the Step list. 3. Select Show from the Action list. Figure 369: Displaying MVR Group Address Profiles To assign an MVR group address profile to a domain: 1. Click Multicast, MVR. 2. Select Associate Profile from the Step list. 3.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering Multicast VLAN Registration for IPv4 Figure 370: Assigning an MVR Group Address Profile to a Domain To show the MVR group address profiles assigned to a domain: 1. Click Multicast, MVR. 2. Select Associate Profile from the Step list. 3. Select Show from the Action list.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering Multicast VLAN Registration for IPv4 membership for MVR receiver ports cannot be set to access mode (see “Adding Static Members to VLANs” on page 159). ◆ One or more interfaces may be configured as MVR source ports. A source port is able to both receive and send data for configured MVR groups or for groups which have been statically assigned (see “Assigning Static MVR Multicast Groups to Interfaces” on page 566). All source ports must belong to the MVR VLAN.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering Multicast VLAN Registration for IPv4 ◆ Forwarding Status – Shows if MVR traffic is being forwarded or discarded. ◆ MVR Status – Shows the MVR status. MVR status for source ports is “Active” if MVR is globally enabled on the switch. MVR status for receiver ports is “Active” only if there are subscribers receiving multicast traffic from one of the MVR groups, or a multicast group has been statically assigned to an interface.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering Multicast VLAN Registration for IPv4 Figure 372: Configuring Interface Settings for MVR Assigning Static MVR Use the Multicast > MVR (Configure Static Group Member) page to statically bind Multicast Groups to multicast groups to a port which will receive long-term multicast streams Interfaces associated with a stable set of hosts. Command Usage ◆ Multicast groups can be statically assigned to a receiver port using this configuration page. ◆ The IP address range from 224.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering Multicast VLAN Registration for IPv4 Web Interface To assign a static MVR group to an interface: 1. Click Multicast, MVR. 2. Select Configure Static Group Member from the Step list. 3. Select Add from the Action list. 4. Select an MVR domain. 5. Select a VLAN and interface to receive the multicast stream, and then enter the multicast group address. 6. Click Apply.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering Multicast VLAN Registration for IPv4 Figure 374: Showing the Static MVR Groups Assigned to a Port Displaying MVR Use the Multicast > MVR (Show Member) page to show the multicast groups either Receiver Groups statically or dynamically assigned to the MVR receiver groups on each interface. Parameters These parameters are displayed: ◆ Domain ID – An independent multicast domain. (Range: 1-5) ◆ Group IP Address – Multicast groups assigned to the MVR VLAN.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering Multicast VLAN Registration for IPv4 Web Interface To display the interfaces assigned to the MVR receiver groups: 1. Click Multicast, MVR. 2. Select Show Member from the Step list. 3. Select an MVR domain. Figure 375: Displaying MVR Receiver Groups Displaying MVR Use the Multicast > MVR > Show Statistics pages to display MVR protocol-related Statistics statistics for the specified interface.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering Multicast VLAN Registration for IPv4 ◆ Querier Expire Time – The time after which this querier is assumed to have expired. ◆ General Query Received – The number of general queries received on this interface. ◆ General Query Sent – The number of general queries sent from this interface. ◆ Specific Query Received – The number of specific queries received on this interface. ◆ Specific Query Sent – The number of specific queries sent from this interface.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering Multicast VLAN Registration for IPv4 Web Interface To display statistics for MVR query-related messages: 1. Click Multicast, MVR. 2. Select Show Statistics from the Step list. 3. Select Show Query Statistics from the Action list. 4. Select an MVR domain.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering Multicast VLAN Registration for IPv4 To display MVR protocol-related statistics for a VLAN, Port or Trunk: 1. Click Multicast, MVR. 2. Select Show Statistics from the Step list. 3. Select Show VLAN/Port/Trunk Statistics from the Action list. 4. Select an MVR domain. 5. Select a VLAN/Port/Trunk.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering Multicast VLAN Registration for IPv4 To display MVR protocol-related statistics for a port: 1. Click Multicast, MVR. 2. Select Show Statistics from the Step list. 3. Select Show Port Statistics from the Action list. 4. Select an MVR domain. 5. Select a Port.
Chapter 14 | Multicast Filtering Multicast VLAN Registration for IPv4 – 574 –
15 IP Tools This chapter provides information on network functions including: ◆ Ping – Sends ping message to another node on the network. ◆ Trace Route – Sends ICMP echo request packets to another node on the network. ◆ Address Resolution Protocol – Describes how to configure proxy ARP or static addresses, and how to display entries in the ARP cache. Using the Ping Function Use the Tools > Ping page to send ICMP echo request packets to another node on the network.
Chapter 15 | IP Tools Using the Ping Function ■ ◆ Network or host unreachable - The gateway found no corresponding entry in the route table. The same link-local address may be used by different interfaces/nodes in different zones (RFC 4007). Therefore, when specifying a link-local address, include zone-id information indicating the VLAN identifier after the % delimiter. For example, FE80::7272%1 identifies VLAN 1 as the interface. Web Interface To ping another device on the network: 1.
Chapter 15 | IP Tools Using the Trace Route Function Using the Trace Route Function Use the Tools > Trace Route page to show the route packets take to the specified destination. Parameters These parameters are displayed: ◆ Destination IP Address – Alias or IPv4/IPv6 address of the host. ◆ IPv4 Max Failures – The maximum number of failures before which the trace route is terminated. (Fixed: 5) ◆ IPv6 Max Failures – The maximum number of failures before which the trace route is terminated.
Chapter 15 | IP Tools Address Resolution Protocol Figure 380: Tracing the Route to a Network Device Address Resolution Protocol If IP routing is enabled (page 667), the router uses its routing tables to make routing decisions, and uses Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) to forward traffic from one hop to the next. ARP is used to map an IP address to a physical layer (i.e., MAC) address.
Chapter 15 | IP Tools Address Resolution Protocol cache, and forwards the IP traffic on to the next hop. As long as this entry has not timed out, the router will be able forward traffic directly to the next hop for this destination without having to broadcast another ARP request. Also, if the switch receives a request for its own IP address, it will send back a response, and also cache the MAC of the source device's IP address.
Chapter 15 | IP Tools Address Resolution Protocol Extensive use of Proxy ARP can degrade router performance because it may lead to increased ARP traffic and increased search time for larger ARP address tables. Web Interface To configure the timeout for the ARP cache or to enable Proxy ARP for a VLAN (i.e., IP subnetwork): 1. Click Tools, ARP. 2. Select Configure General from the Step List. 3. Enable Proxy ARP for subnetworks that do not have routing or a default gateway. 4. Click Apply.
Chapter 15 | IP Tools Address Resolution Protocol ◆ Static entries are only displayed on the Show page for VLANs that are up. In other words, static entries are only displayed when configured for the IP subnet of an existing VLAN, and that VLAN is linked up. Parameters These parameters are displayed: ◆ IP Address – IP address statically mapped to a physical MAC address. (Valid IP addresses consist of four numbers, 0 to 255, separated by periods.
Chapter 15 | IP Tools Address Resolution Protocol Figure 384: Displaying Static ARP Entries Displaying Dynamic Use the Tools > ARP page to display dynamic or local entries in the ARP cache. The or Local ARP Entries ARP cache contains static entries, and entries for local interfaces, including subnet, host, and broadcast addresses. However, most entries will be dynamically learned through replies to broadcast messages. Web Interface To display all dynamic and local entries in the ARP cache: 1.
Chapter 15 | IP Tools Address Resolution Protocol Displaying Use the Tools > ARP (Show Information) page to display statistics for ARP messages ARP Statistics crossing all interfaces on this switch. Parameters These parameters are displayed: Table 37: ARP Statistics Parameter Description Received Request Number of ARP Request packets received by the router. Received Reply Number of ARP Reply packets received by the router. Sent Request Number of ARP Request packets sent by the router.
Chapter 15 | IP Tools Address Resolution Protocol – 584 –
16 IP Configuration This chapter describes how to configure an IP interface for management access to the switch over the network. This switch supports both IP Version 4 and Version 6, and can be managed simultaneously through either of these address types. You can manually configure a specific IPv4 or IPv6 address, or direct the switch to obtain an IPv4 address from a BOOTP or DHCP server. An IPv6 address can either be manually configured or dynamically generated.
Chapter 16 | IP Configuration Setting the Switch’s IP Address (IP Version 4) Command Usage ◆ This section describes how to configure a single local interface for initial access to the switch. To configure multiple IP interfaces, set up an IP interface for each VLAN. ◆ Once an IP address has been assigned to an interface, routing between different interfaces on the switch is enabled.
Chapter 16 | IP Configuration Setting the Switch’s IP Address (IP Version 4) ◆ Subnet Mask – This mask identifies the host address bits used for routing to specific subnets. (Default: None) ◆ Restart DHCP – Requests a new IP address from the DHCP server. Web Interface To set a static IPv4 address for the switch: 1. Click IP, General, Routing Interface. 2. Select Add Address from the Action list. 3.
Chapter 16 | IP Configuration Setting the Switch’s IP Address (IP Version 4) Figure 388: Configuring a Dynamic IPv4 Address Note: The switch will also broadcast a request for IP configuration settings on each power reset. Note: If you lose the management connection, make a console connection to the switch and enter “show ip interface” to determine the new switch address. Renewing DCHP – DHCP may lease addresses to clients indefinitely or for a specific period of time.
Chapter 16 | IP Configuration Setting the Switch’s IP Address (IP Version 6) Figure 389: Showing the Configured IPv4 Address for an Interface Setting the Switch’s IP Address (IP Version 6) This section describes how to configure an IPv6 interface for management access over the network, or for creating an interface to multiple subnets. This switch supports both IPv4 and IPv6, and can be managed through either of these address types.
Chapter 16 | IP Configuration Setting the Switch’s IP Address (IP Version 6) ■ An IPv6 default gateway can only be successfully set when a network interface that directly connects to the gateway has been configured on the switch. ■ An IPv6 address must be configured according to RFC 2373 “IPv6 Addressing Architecture,” using 8 colon-separated 16-bit hexadecimal values. One double colon may be used in the address to indicate the appropriate number of zeros required to fill the undefined fields.
Chapter 16 | IP Configuration Setting the Switch’s IP Address (IP Version 6) layer addresses, to find routers and to maintain reachability information about the paths to active neighbors. The key parameters used to facilitate this process are the number of attempts made to verify whether or not a duplicate address exists on the same network segment, and the interval between neighbor solicitations used to verify reachability information.
Chapter 16 | IP Configuration Setting the Switch’s IP Address (IP Version 6) ◆ ■ Duplicate address detection is stopped on any interface that has been suspended (see “Configuring VLAN Groups” on page 157). While an interface is suspended, all unicast IPv6 addresses assigned to that interface are placed in a “pending” state. Duplicate address detection is automatically restarted when the interface is administratively re-activated.
Chapter 16 | IP Configuration Setting the Switch’s IP Address (IP Version 6) ■ Setting the time limit to 0 means that the configured time is unspecified by this router. RA Guard Mode ◆ Interface – Shows port or trunk configuration page. ◆ RA Guard – Blocks incoming Router Advertisement and Router Redirect packets. (Default: Disabled) IPv6 Router Advertisements (RA) convey information that enables nodes to auto-configure on the network.
Chapter 16 | IP Configuration Setting the Switch’s IP Address (IP Version 6) Figure 391: Configuring General Settings for an IPv6 Interface To configure RA Guard for the switch: 1. Click IP, IPv6 Configuration. 2. Select Configure Interface from the Action list. 3. Select RA Guard mode. 4. Enable RA Guard for untrusted interfaces. 5. Click Apply.
Chapter 16 | IP Configuration Setting the Switch’s IP Address (IP Version 6) Configuring an Use the IP > IPv6 Configuration (Add IPv6 Address) page to configure an IPv6 IPv6 Address interface for management access over the network, or for creating an interface to multiple subnets. Command Usage ◆ All IPv6 addresses must be formatted according to RFC 2373 “IPv6 Addressing Architecture,” using 8 colon-separated 16-bit hexadecimal values.
Chapter 16 | IP Configuration Setting the Switch’s IP Address (IP Version 6) Parameters These parameters are displayed: ◆ VLAN – ID of a configured VLAN which is to be used for management access, or for creating an interface to multiple subnets. By default, all ports on the switch are members of VLAN 1. However, the management station can be attached to a port belonging to any VLAN, as long as that VLAN has been assigned an IP address.
Chapter 16 | IP Configuration Setting the Switch’s IP Address (IP Version 6) ■ ◆ Link Local – Configures an IPv6 link-local address. ■ The address prefix must be in the range of FE80~FEBF. ■ You can configure only one link-local address per interface. ■ The specified address replaces a link-local address that was automatically generated for the interface. IPv6 Address – IPv6 address assigned to this interface. Web Interface To configure an IPv6 address: 1. Click IP, IPv6 Configuration. 2.
Chapter 16 | IP Configuration Setting the Switch’s IP Address (IP Version 6) In addition to the unicast addresses assigned to an interface, a node is also required to listen to the all-nodes multicast addresses FF01::1 (interface-local scope) and FF02::1 (link-local scope). FF01::1/16 is the transient interface-local multicast address for all attached IPv6 nodes, and FF02::1/16 is the link-local multicast address for all attached IPv6 nodes.
Chapter 16 | IP Configuration Setting the Switch’s IP Address (IP Version 6) Showing the IPv6 Use the IP > IPv6 Configuration (Show IPv6 Neighbor Cache) page to display the Neighbor Cache IPv6 addresses detected for neighbor devices. Parameters These parameters are displayed: Table 38: Show IPv6 Neighbors - display description Field Description IPv6 Address IPv6 address of neighbor. Age The time since the address was verified as reachable (in seconds).
Chapter 16 | IP Configuration Setting the Switch’s IP Address (IP Version 6) Web Interface To show neighboring IPv6 devices: 1. Click IP, IPv6 Configuration. 2. Select Show IPv6 Neighbors from the Action list. Figure 395: Showing IPv6 Neighbors Showing Use the IP > IPv6 Configuration (Show Statistics) page to display statistics about IPv6 Statistics IPv6 traffic passing through this switch.
Chapter 16 | IP Configuration Setting the Switch’s IP Address (IP Version 6) Parameters These parameters are displayed: Table 39: Show IPv6 Statistics - display description Field Description IPv6 Statistics IPv6 Received Total The total number of input datagrams received by the interface, including those received in error.
Chapter 16 | IP Configuration Setting the Switch’s IP Address (IP Version 6) Table 39: Show IPv6 Statistics - display description (Continued) Field Description IPv6 Transmitted Forwards Datagrams The number of output datagrams which this entity received and forwarded to their final destinations. In entities which do not act as IPv6 routers, this counter will include only those packets which were SourceRouted via this entity, and the Source-Route processing was successful.
Chapter 16 | IP Configuration Setting the Switch’s IP Address (IP Version 6) Table 39: Show IPv6 Statistics - display description (Continued) Field Description Neighbor Advertisement Messages The number of ICMP Neighbor Advertisement messages received by the interface. Redirect Messages The number of Redirect messages received by the interface. Group Membership Query Messages The number of ICMPv6 Group Membership Query messages received by the interface.
Chapter 16 | IP Configuration Setting the Switch’s IP Address (IP Version 6) Table 39: Show IPv6 Statistics - display description (Continued) Field Description Other Errors The number of received UDP datagrams that could not be delivered for reasons other than the lack of an application at the destination port. Output The total number of UDP datagrams sent from this entity. Web Interface To show the IPv6 statistics: 1. Click IP, IPv6 Configuration. 2. Select Show Statistics from the Action list. 3.
Chapter 16 | IP Configuration Setting the Switch’s IP Address (IP Version 6) Figure 397: Showing IPv6 Statistics (ICMPv6) Figure 398: Showing IPv6 Statistics (UDP) – 605 –
Chapter 16 | IP Configuration Setting the Switch’s IP Address (IP Version 6) Showing the MTU Use the IP > IPv6 Configuration (Show MTU) page to display the maximum for Responding transmission unit (MTU) cache for destinations that have returned an ICMP packetDestinations too-big message along with an acceptable MTU to this switch.
17 General IP Routing This chapter provides information on network functions including: ◆ Static Routes – Configures static routes to other network segments. ◆ Routing Table – Displays routing entries learned through statically configured entries. ◆ Equal-cost Multipath Routing – Configures the maximum number of equal-cost paths that can transmit traffic to the same destination Overview This switch supports IP routing and routing path management via static routing definitions.
Chapter 17 | General IP Routing IP Routing and Switching Figure 400: Virtual Interfaces and Layer 3 Routing Inter-subnet traffic (Layer 3 switching) Routing Untagged Unt Untagged Unt VLAN 1 VLAN 2 Tagged or Tagged or Untagged Untagged Tagged or Tagged or Untagged Untagged Intra-subnet traffic (Layer 2 switching) IP Routing and Switching IP Switching (or packet forwarding) encompasses tasks required to forward packets for both Layer 2 and Layer 3, as well as traditional routing.
Chapter 17 | General IP Routing IP Routing and Switching If the destination belongs to a different subnet on this switch, the packet can be routed directly to the destination node. However, if the packet belongs to a subnet not included on this switch, then the packet should be sent to the next hop router (with the MAC address of the router itself used as the destination MAC address, and the destination IP address of the destination node).
Chapter 17 | General IP Routing Configuring Static Routes Configuring Static Routes You can enter static routes in the routing table using the IP > Routing > Static Routes (Add) page. Static routes may be required to force the use of a specific route to a subnet. Static routes do not automatically change in response to changes in network topology, so you should only configure a small number of stable routes to ensure network accessibility. Command Usage ◆ Up to 512 static routes can be configured.
Chapter 17 | General IP Routing Displaying the Routing Table Figure 401: Configuring Static Routes To display static routes: 1. Click IP, Routing, Static Routes. 2. Select Show from the Action List. Figure 402: Displaying Static Routes Displaying the Routing Table Use the IP > Routing > Routing Table (Show Information) page to display all routes that can be accessed via local network interfaces through static routes.
Chapter 17 | General IP Routing Displaying the Routing Table FIB entry are a network prefix, a router (i.e., VLAN) interface, and next hop information. ◆ The Routing Table (and the “show ip route” command described in the CLI Reference Guide) only displays routes which are currently accessible for forwarding. The router must be able to directly reach the next hop, so the VLAN interface associated with any route entry must be up.
Chapter 17 | General IP Routing Equal-cost Multipath Routing Equal-cost Multipath Routing Use the IP > Routing > Routing Table (Configure ECMP Number) page to configure the maximum number of equal-cost paths that can transmit traffic to the same destination. The Equal-cost Multipath routing algorithm is a technique that supports load sharing over multiple equal-cost paths for data passing to the same destination.
Chapter 17 | General IP Routing Equal-cost Multipath Routing Web Interface To configure the maximum ECMP number: 1. Click IP, Routing, Routing Table. 2. Select Configure ECMP Number from the Action List. 3. Enter the maximum number of equal-cost paths used to route traffic to the same destination that are permitted on the switch. 4.
18 IP Services This chapter describes the following IP services: ◆ DNS – Configures default domain names, identifies servers to use for dynamic lookup, and shows how to configure static entries. ◆ DHCP – Configures client, relay, dynamic provisioning, and DHCP server. ◆ DHCPv6 Relay – Enables the switch as a DHCPv6 Relay Agent and configures destination addresses or VLAN IDs to which client DHCPv6 messages are forwarded.
Chapter 18 | IP Services Domain Name Service Parameters These parameters are displayed: ◆ Domain Lookup – Enables DNS host name-to-address translation. (Default: Disabled) ◆ Default Domain Name – Defines the default domain name appended to incomplete host names. Do not include the initial dot that separates the host name from the domain name. (Range: 1-127 alphanumeric characters) Web Interface To configure general settings for DNS: 1. Click IP Service, DNS. 2.
Chapter 18 | IP Services Domain Name Service ◆ If all name servers are deleted, DNS will automatically be disabled. Parameters These parameters are displayed: Domain Name – Name of the host. Do not include the initial dot that separates the host name from the domain name. (Range: 1-127 characters) Web Interface To create a list domain names: 1. Click IP Service, DNS. 2. Select Add Domain Name from the Action list. 3. Enter one domain name at a time. 4. Click Apply.
Chapter 18 | IP Services Domain Name Service Configuring a List Use the IP Service > DNS - General (Add Name Server) page to configure a list of of Name Servers name servers to be tried in sequential order. Command Usage ◆ To enable DNS service on this switch, configure one or more name servers, and enable domain lookup status (see “Configuring General DNS Service Parameters” on page 615).
Chapter 18 | IP Services Domain Name Service To show the list name servers: 1. Click IP Service, DNS. 2. Select Show Name Servers from the Action list. Figure 409: Showing the List of Name Servers for DNS Configuring Use the IP Service > DNS - Static Host Table (Add) page to manually configure static Static DNS Host entries in the DNS table that are used to map domain names to IP addresses.
Chapter 18 | IP Services Domain Name Service Figure 410: Configuring Static Entries in the DNS Table To show static entries in the DNS table: 1. Click IP Service, DNS, Static Host Table. 2. Select Show from the Action list. Figure 411: Showing Static Entries in the DNS Table Displaying the DNS Use the IP Service > DNS - Cache page to display entries in the DNS cache that have Cache been learned via the designated name servers.
Chapter 18 | IP Services Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol ◆ TTL – The time to live reported by the name server. ◆ Host – The host name associated with this record. Web Interface To display entries in the DNS cache: 1. Click IP Service, DNS, Cache. Figure 412: Showing Entries in the DNS Cache Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) can dynamically allocate an IP address and other configuration information to network clients when they boot up.
Chapter 18 | IP Services Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol your service provider or network administrator. Options 60, 66 and 67 statements can be added to the server daemon’s configuration file.
Chapter 18 | IP Services Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Web Interface To configure a DHCP client identifier: 1. Click IP Service, DHCP, Client. 2. Mark the check box to enable this feature. Select the default setting, or the format for a vendor class identifier. If a non-default value is used, enter a text string or hexadecimal value. 3. Click Apply.
Chapter 18 | IP Services Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol If any of the specified DHCP server addresses are not located in the same network segment with this switch, specify the default router through which this switch can reach other IP subnetworks using the IP > Routing > Static Routes (Add) page (see “Configuring Static Routes” on page 610) or the IP > IPv6 Configuration (Configure Global) page (see “Configuring the IPv6 Default Gateway” on page 589).
Chapter 18 | IP Services Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol this process are described in “Downloading a Configuration File and Other Parameters Provided by a DHCP Server” as described in the CLI Reference Guide. Some alternative commands which can be added to the DHCPD to complete the dynamic provisioning process are also described under the ip dhcp dynamicprovision command in the CLI Reference Guide. By default, the parameters for DHCP option 66/67 are not carried by the reply sent from the DHCP server.
Chapter 18 | IP Services Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Figure 417: DHCP Server Address Pool Static Addresses 8 network address pools 32 static addresses (all within the confines of configured network address pools) Command Usage ◆ First configure any excluded addresses, including the address for this switch. ◆ Then configure address pools for the network interfaces. You can configure up to 8 network address pools. You can also manually bind an address to a specific client if required.
Chapter 18 | IP Services Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Figure 418: Enabling the DHCP Server Setting Excluded Addresses Use the IP Service > DHCP > Server (Configure Excluded Addresses – Add) page to specify the IP addresses that should not be assigned to clients. Parameters These parameters are displayed: ◆ Start IP Address – Specifies a single IP address or the first address in a range that the DHCP server should not assign to DHCP clients.
Chapter 18 | IP Services Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Figure 419: Configuring Excluded Addresses on the DHCP Server To show the IP addresses excluded for DHCP clients: 1. Click IP Service, DHCP, Server. 2. Select Configure Excluded Addresses from the Step list. 3. Select Show from the Action list.
Chapter 18 | IP Services Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol found, it assigns an address from the matching network address pool. However, if no matching address pool is found the request is ignored. ◆ When searching for a manual binding, the switch compares the client identifier and then the hardware address for DHCP clients. Since BOOTP clients cannot transmit a client identifier, you must configure a hardware address for this host type.
Chapter 18 | IP Services Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol ◆ DNS Server – The IP address of the primary and alternate DNS server. DNS servers must be configured for a DHCP client to map host names to IP addresses. ◆ Netbios Server – IP address of the primary and alternate NetBIOS Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS) name server used for Microsoft DHCP clients. ◆ Netbios Type – NetBIOS node type for Microsoft DHCP clients.
Chapter 18 | IP Services Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Figure 421: Configuring DHCP Server Address Pools (Network) Figure 422: Configuring DHCP Server Address Pools (Host) To show the configured DHCP address pools: 1. Click IP Service, DHCP, Server. 2. Select Configure Pool from the Step list. 3. Select Show from the Action list.
Chapter 18 | IP Services Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Figure 423: Showing Configured DHCP Server Address Pools Displaying Address Bindings Use the IP Service > DHCP > Server (Show IP Binding) page display the host devices which have acquired an IP address from this switch’s DHCP server. Parameters These parameters are displayed: ◆ IP Address – IP address assigned to host. ◆ MAC Address – MAC address of host. ◆ Lease Time – Duration that this IP address can be used by the host.
Chapter 18 | IP Services Configuring DHCPv6 Relay Configuring DHCPv6 Relay Use IP Service > DHCPv6 > Relay (Add) page to enable the switch as a DHCPv6 Relay Agent and configure destination addresses or VLAN IDs to which client DHCPv6 messages are forwarded. When the relay agent is enabled on a specified VLAN, the switch listens to UDP port 547 for DHCPv6 messages on that VLAN. The agent will forward the messages to the configured unicast addresses or to a multicast address on configured VLANs or all VLANs.
Chapter 18 | IP Services Configuring DHCPv6 Relay ◆ Destination VLAN – When Multicast mode is selected, select a configured VLAN or “All” (all VLANs). The DHCPv6 messages will be forwarded on the configured VLANs or all VLANs using the “All_DHCP_Servers” address. Web Interface To enable the switch’s DHCPv6 Relay Agent for Unicast mode: 1. Click IP Service, DHCPv6, Relay (Action: Add). 2. Select a VLAN from the VLAN drop-down list. 3. Select Unicast from the Mode drop-down list. 4.
Chapter 18 | IP Services Configuring DHCPv6 Relay Figure 426: Enabling DHCPv6 Relay Agent for Multicast mode. To show and delete the DHCP Relay Agent Unicast and Multicast entries: 1. Click IP Service, DHCPv6, Relay (Action: Show). 2. From the VLAN drop-down list, select a VLAN. 3. Either click the upper-left-most box to select all entries or click the box to the left of the specific entry(s). 4. Click Delete. Figure 427: Enabling DHCPv6 Relay Agent for Multicast mode.
Chapter 18 | IP Services Configuring the PPPoE Intermediate Agent Configuring the PPPoE Intermediate Agent This section describes how to configure the PPPoE Intermediate Agent (PPPoE IA) relay parameters required for passing authentication messages between a client and broadband remote access servers.
Chapter 18 | IP Services Configuring the PPPoE Intermediate Agent Web Interface To configure global settings for PPPoE IA: 1. Click IP Service, PPPoE Intermediate Agent. 2. Select Configure Global from the Step list. 3. Enable the PPPoE IA on the switch, set the access node identifier, and set the generic error message. 4. Click Apply.
Chapter 18 | IP Services Configuring the PPPoE Intermediate Agent ◆ Vendor Tag Strip – Enables the stripping of vendor tags from PPPoE Discovery packets sent from a PPPoE server. (Default: Disabled) This parameter only applies to trusted interfaces. It is used to strip off vendorspecific tags (which carry subscriber and line identification information) in PPPoE Discovery packets received from an upstream PPPoE server before forwarding them to a user.
Chapter 18 | IP Services Configuring the PPPoE Intermediate Agent 4. Enable PPPoE IA on an interface, set trust status, enable vendor tag stripping if required, set the circuit ID, remote ID, or remote ID delimiter. 5. Click Apply. Figure 429: Configuring Interface Settings for PPPoE Intermediate Agent g Showing PPPoE IA Use the IP Service > PPPoE Intermediate Agent (Show Statistics) page to show Statistics statistics on PPPoE IA protocol messages.
Chapter 18 | IP Services Configuring the PPPoE Intermediate Agent ■ Request towards untrusted – Request sent to an interface which not been configured as trusted. ■ Malformed – Corrupted PPPoE message. Web Interface To show statistics for PPPoE IA protocol messages: 1. Click IP Service, PPPoE Intermediate Agent. 2. Select Show Statistics from the Step list. 3. Select Port or Trunk interface type.
Section III Appendices This section provides additional information and includes these items: ◆ “Software Specifications” on page 643 ◆ “Troubleshooting” on page 649 ◆ “License Information” on page 651 – 641 –
Section III | Appendices – 642 –
A Software Specifications Software Features Management Local, RADIUS, TACACS+, Port Authentication (802.1X), HTTPS, SSH, Port Security, IP Filter Authentication General Security Access Control Lists (3072 rules), Port Authentication (802.
Appendix A | Software Specifications Management Features VLAN Support Up to 4094 groups; port-based, protocol-based, tagged (802.
Appendix A | Software Specifications Standards RMON Groups 1, 2, 3, 9 (Statistics, History, Alarm, Event) Standards IEEE 802.1AB Link Layer Discovery Protocol IEEE 802.1D-2004 Spanning Tree Algorithm and traffic priorities Spanning Tree Protocol Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol IEEE 802.1p Priority tags IEEE 802.1Q VLAN IEEE 802.1v Protocol-based VLANs IEEE 802.1X Port Authentication IEEE 802.
Appendix A | Software Specifications Management Information Bases Management Information Bases Bridge MIB (RFC 1493) Differentiated Services MIB (RFC 3289) DNS Resolver MIB (RFC 1612) ERPS MIB (ITU-T G.
Appendix A | Software Specifications Management Information Bases TACACS+ Authentication Client MIB TCP MIB (RFC 2012) Trap (RFC 1215) UDP MIB (RFC 2013) – 647 –
Appendix A | Software Specifications Management Information Bases – 648 –
B Troubleshooting Problems Accessing the Management Interface Table 43: Troubleshooting Chart Symptom Action Cannot connect using Telnet, web browser, or SNMP software ◆ Be sure the switch is powered on. ◆ Check network cabling between the management station and the switch. Make sure the ends are properly connected and there is no damage to the cable. Test the cable if necessary. ◆ Check that you have a valid network connection to the switch and that the port you are using has not been disabled.
Appendix B | Troubleshooting Using System Logs Using System Logs If a fault does occur, refer to the Installation Guide to ensure that the problem you encountered is actually caused by the switch. If the problem appears to be caused by the switch, follow these steps: 1. Enable logging. 2. Set the error messages reported to include all categories. 3. Enable SNMP. 4. Enable SNMP traps. 5. Designate the SNMP host that is to receive the error messages. 6.
C License Information This product includes copyrighted third-party software subject to the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL), GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL), or other related free software licenses. The GPL code used in this product is distributed WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY and is subject to the copyrights of one or more authors. For details, refer to the section "The GNU General Public License" below, or refer to the applicable license as included in the source-code archive.
Appendix C | License Information The GNU General Public License GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION 1. This License applies to any program or other work which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed under the terms of this General Public License.
Appendix C | License Information The GNU General Public License b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or, c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer to distribute c
Appendix C | License Information The GNU General Public License 9. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the original copyright holder who places the Program under this License may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus excluded.
