® ® LAYLA LapTop LAYLA 24 ® GINA 24 ™ MIA ™ MIAMIDI Owner’s Manual Version 3.1.
Important Safety Instructions 1. Read Instructions - Be sure to read all of the safety and operating instructions before operating this product. 2. Retain Instructions - The safety instructions and owner's manual should be retained for future reference. 3. Heed Warnings - All warnings on your Echo product and in the Owner's Manual should be followed. 4. Follow Instructions - All operating and use instructions should be followed. 5.
11.
Sending in your registration card – or registering online at http://www.echoaudio.com/support/register.php allows us to register key information so that we may handle problems faster and inform you of advance information on upgrades and other news. Thanks in advance for filling out your registration card and sending it to us. We hope you enjoy your Echo product.
Table of Contents INTRODUCTION WHAT YOU SHOULD HAVE RECEIVED IN THE BOX SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS 7 7 8 CHECKING OUT YOUR MAC 9 HARDWARE INSTALLATION 11 INSTALLING THE PCI CARD FOR DESKTOP COMPUTERS INSTALLING THE CARDBUS ADAPTER FOR POWERBOOKS SOFTWARE INSTALLATION – MAC OS 8/9 ASIO DRIVER INSTALLATION & CONFIGURATION – MAC OS 8/9 OMS SETUP – MAC OS 8/9 (LAYLA24 ONLY) 11 14 15 17 18 SOFTWARE INSTALLATION – MAC OS X 22 SOFTWARE CONFIGURATION – MAC OS X 24 LAYLA LAPTOP 27 AUDIO CONNECTIONS 29 CONNE
SYNCHRONIZING MULTIPLE DEVICES 52 ASIO DIRECT MONITORING – MAC OS 8/9 55 ASIO CONTROL PANEL – MAC OS 8/9 57 CONTACTING CUSTOMER SERVICE 59 APPENDIX A: GENERAL TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE 60 APPENDIX B: ASIO AUDIO SOFTWARE FAQ 63 ECHO24 ASIO DRIVER AND ASIO 2.
Introduction – all products Introduction Thank you for choosing Echo Digital Audio. We think you’ll find your Echo product to be an extremely flexible, high-performance tool for your computerbased hard disk recording system.
Introduction – all products System Requirements In order to use Layla24, Gina24, Mia, or MiaMIDI you’ll need the following: An Apple brand Macintosh computer with: • • • • • • • • PCI architecture expansion slots (PCI version 2.1) A 604 or higher processor (G3 or G4 highly recommended) A minimum 128Mb RAM (more highly recommended) Mac OS 8.6 or higher -or- Mac OS X 10.1.3 or higher A fast, high-capacity IDE, SCSI or firewire hard disk drive. If you use Mac OS 8/9 – Audio software that supports ASIO.
Checking out your Mac - all products Checking out your Mac Before you install anything, you should double-check that your Mac is compatible with your new hardware. 1. Do you have enough memory? With your mouse select “About This Computer” from the “Apple” menu. Look at the amount of “Built-in Memory.” You will need at least 128MB to use your Echo hardware properly. We strongly recommend having at least 256 MB. 2. Is your processor compatible? If you have a G3 or G4, then you can skip to step three.
Checking out your Mac - all products 4. Have you run Software Update recently? Make sure that you have the most recent updates for Mac OS installed. This is especially important for OS X; if OS X is out of date, you may not be able to use your Echo hardware at all. If everything looks good, it’s time to move on to the next step.
Hardware installation – all products Hardware Installation The following steps will guide you through installing your Echo hardware. Installing the PCI Card for Desktop Computers Once you have checked your system requirements, verified that there are no problems with your system, and installed your audio software, it is time to install the Echo hardware into your computer. Please refer to the section in your Macintosh manual for installing a PCI card.
Hardware installation – all products hex screws that hold the back-plate of the card to the Mac. The back-plate is the thin piece of metal connected to the card that sits against the case of your computer. Another option, if that piece needs a little more play, is to gently bend it back. Some users have broken the plastic that comes with their Mac to solve this problem. However, due to Mac warranty issues, we are not able to recommend this approach. 6. OPTIONAL: (If you have Mia or MiaMIDI, skip this step.
Hardware installation – all products 12. Turn on your Mac.
Hardware installation – all products Installing the CardBus Adapter for PowerBooks Once you verified that there are no problems with your system, it is time to install Layla LapTop into your PowerBook. 1. Locate the rack-mount interface, the 9-pin interface cable, and the power cable. Securely mount the interface into your equipment rack. If you will not be mounting the box in a rack, remove the backing from the four rubber feet and place one in each bottom corner of the interface unit.
Software installation – Mac OS 8/9, all products Software Installation – Mac OS 8/9 Now that your hardware is installed, you need to install the software. 1. Power up. Turn on your Macintosh. 2. Start the Installer. Insert the Installation CD into your CD-ROM drive. Open the folder labeled “Mac OS 8 & 9”. Double click the icon labeled Install Echo24. Click the Continue button. 3. Install the software. Now you will be able to choose where the Echo24 Console software is installed.
Software installation – Mac OS 8/9, all products 4. Installation completed. You will now see a message telling you that the installation was successful. Go ahead and click the Quit button. If you do not see this message, then please turn to Appendix A: General Troubleshooting Guide in the back of this manual for help.
ASIO Driver Installation – Mac OS 8/9, all products ASIO Driver Installation & Configuration – Mac OS 8/9 Now that you’ve run the Mac OS 8/9 Echo24 Card Installer program, you will need to manually install the ASIO Echo24 driver. With Mac OS 8/9, Echo hardware only supports ASIO; Sound Manager is not supported. 1. Find it. Find the ASIO Echo24 file in the newly created Echo folder. 2. Copy it. Create a copy of this file. You will need one copy for every ASIO based software program you have installed.
OMS setup – Mac OS 8/9, Layla24 OMS Setup – Mac OS 8/9 (Layla24 Only) If you want to use MIDI input and output on your Layla24, you will need to use Opcode’s OMS. 1. Install OMS. OMS is included on the CD that came with your Echo product; you’ll find it in the OMS folder inside of the “Mac OS 8 & 9” folder. Just double-click the installer. 2. Run OMS Setup. Now, you will need to find the Opcode folder on your hard drive where you installed OMS. Open it and then open the folder called OMS Applications.
OMS setup – Mac OS 8/9, Layla24 3. Create a New Studio Setup. Go to the File menu and click New Studio Setup. Click OK. A new window will come up. Click Search.
OMS setup – Mac OS 8/9, Layla24 4. Verify that the Echo OMS driver is recognized. The OMS Driver Setup window recognizes MIDI hardware drivers in your system. If there is something missing, then refer to your OMS manual and follow the instructions. If everything is OK, then click OK. Now you will see the OMS MIDI Device Setup window. 5. Verify that your MIDI devices are recognized.
OMS setup – Mac OS 8/9, Layla24 6. Save the new studio setup. Now you will be asked to save the new studio setup. You can overwrite your old setup with the same name or create a new one. Click Save when you’re done and you’ll see a window displaying your new setup. 7. Test it. If you want to test your new setup, go to the Studio menu and click Test Studio. Your mouse pointer will turn into a musical note. In the Setup window, click on a tone generator or synthesizer.
Software installation – Mac OS X, all products Software Installation – Mac OS X Now that your hardware is installed, you need to install the software. 1. Power up. Turn on your Macintosh. 2. Select your operating system: Insert the Installation CD into your CDROM drive. You will need to select the correct folder for your operating system: Mac OS X 10.1: Open the “Mac OS X 10.1” folder. Jaguar: Open the “Mac OS X 10.2 (Jaguar)” folder. 3. Install the console.
Software installation – Mac OS X, all products Jaguar: You will be prompted to enter your administrator password. Once you’ve entered your password, follow the on-screen prompts. The installer will load the CoreAudio and CoreMIDI drivers.
Software installation – Mac OS X, all products Software Configuration – Mac OS X Now that you have installed the driver software, you can verify that everything is working properly. Open the System Preferences and select the Sound panel. Under the “Output” tab, you should see your Echo hardware listed as a sound output device. If you want to use your Echo hardware with iTunes or QuickTime, you will need to select it as the sound output device.
Software installation – Mac OS X, all products If you are running Jaguar, you can also check out your hardware with the “Audio MIDI Setup” application. Go to your Applications folder on your hard disk and from there to the Utilities folder. Open “Audio MIDI Setup.” In addition to listing all the audio devices in the system, Audio MIDI Setup lets you examine the various audio formats supported by the hardware in your Mac.
Software installation – Mac OS X, all products If you have a Layla24 or MiaMIDI card, click on the “MIDI Devices” tab. This will display available CoreMIDI devices. You should see your Layla24 or MiaMIDI hardware shown as an icon here. Finally, you can run the OS X console. This is covered in more detail later in this document. This completes the installation of the hardware and software for Layla24, Gina24, Mia, and MiaMIDI under OS X.
Layla LapTop Layla LapTop Layla LapTop – Mac OS 8/9 When the desktop appears, there should be a “CardBus” icon on the desktop labeled “Layla24”. This shows the card is recognized and that your Layla24 is ready to use. While it is possible to “hot-dock” the card and insert it with the laptop powered up, it is recommended that the card only be inserted or removed with the power off. If you have to remove the card with the power on, you must disable it first.
Layla LapTop Layla LapTop – Mac OS X 10.2 (Jaguar) If you are using Layla LapTop with Mac OS X 10.2, you may notice a menu in the upper right corner of the screen that looks like this: As of this writing, Layla LapTop is not compatible with this component of Jaguar. Selecting the “Power off Card” option causes the PowerBook to shut down. In addition, the card is listed as manufactured by an “Unknown Vendor.” Otherwise, Layla LapTop works very well with Jaguar.
Audio connections – Layla24 Audio connections Connecting to Layla24’s Rack-mount Audio Interface The back panel of Layla24’s rack-mount audio interface contains a wide variety of connections that allow great flexibility in the operation of Layla24. For optimal performance with Layla24, it is critical to use the appropriate cabling and connectors. Analog Inputs and Outputs Layla24 has eight analog inputs and eight analog outputs on the rear panel.
Audio connections – Layla24 The Computer Connector Next to the analog inputs and outputs is a connector labeled COMPUTER. This connector is known as a DB-9, and is similar to the serial port on a PC. It is the point at which the audio interface connects to the Layla24 PCI card inside your computer. A cable was supplied with your Layla24 for this purpose. This custom made cable is manufactured to certain specifications; if you need to replace it, you should only use a replacement cable from Echo.
Audio connections – Layla24 S/PDIF Next to the ADAT connectors is a pair of connectors labeled S/PDIF, IN and OUT. These connectors are used to transmit digital audio data via an electrical signal. S/PDIF data can use the full 24-bit sample width used internally on Layla24. When connecting devices to the S/PDIF jacks on Layla24, the use of standard analog RCA audio cables is not recommended. For reliable S/PDIF operation, 75ohm coaxial (RG59) video cables are recommended.
Audio connections – Layla24 MIDI The last set of connections to the Layla24 interface is for MIDI. The MIDI ports can be used for receiving MIDI time code (MTC), or sending MIDI signals from your digital audio/MIDI sequencing software to external sound modules, etc. MIDI cabling is highly standardized and widely available.
Audio connections – Gina24 Connecting to Gina24’s Audio Interface The front and back panels of Gina24’s audio interface contain a wide variety of connections that allow great flexibility in the operation of Gina24. To achieve the optimal performance with Gina24, it is critical that the appropriate cabling and connectors are used. Analog Inputs and Outputs Gina24 has two analog inputs and eight analog outputs on the front panel.
Audio connections – Gina24 A cable was supplied with your Gina24 for this purpose. This custom made cable is manufactured to certain specifications; if you need to replace it, you should only use a replacement cable from Echo. Please Note: The Gina24 cable is NOT interchangeable with Darla24 or Gina (20-bit) cables. ADAT / S/PDIF optical I/O Next to the COMPUTER connector is a pair of connectors labeled OPTICAL, IN and OUT. These connectors are used to transmit digital audio data via an optical signal.
Audio connections – Gina24 S/PDIF Next to the ADAT connectors is a pair of connectors labeled S/PDIF, IN and OUT. These connectors are used to transmit digital audio data via an electrical signal. S/PDIF data can use the full 24-bit sample width used internally on Gina24. When connecting devices to the S/PDIF jacks on Gina24, the use of standard analog RCA audio cables is not recommended. For reliable S/PDIF operation, 75ohm coaxial (RG59) video cables are recommended.
Audio connections – Mia Connecting to Mia Analog Inputs and Outputs Mia has two analog outputs (OUT1 and OUT2) and two analog inputs (IN1 and IN2) on the back. The input and output connections can accept balanced or unbalanced jacks via ¼” connectors. By default, both the inputs and outputs are set to receive or send a +4 dBu signal. You can also select –10 dBV for each individual input and output (see the description of the console, below).
Audio connections – Mia S/PDIF Digital Inputs and Outputs Under the analog connectors is a pair of connectors labeled DOUT and DIN. These connectors are used to transmit digital audio data via an electrical signal. S/PDIF data can use the full 24-bit sample width used internally on Mia. When connecting devices to the S/PDIF jacks on Mia, the use of standard analog RCA audio cables is not recommended. For reliable S/PDIF operation, 75ohm coaxial (RG59) video cables are recommended.
Audio connections – MiaMIDI Connecting to MiaMIDI Analog Inputs and Outputs MiaMIDI has two analog outputs (OUT1 and OUT2) and two analog inputs (IN1 and IN2) on the back. The input and output connections can accept balanced or unbalanced jacks via ¼” connectors. By default, both the inputs and outputs are set to receive or send a +4 dBu signal. You can also select –10 dBV for each individual input and output (see the description of the console, below).
Audio connections – MiaMIDI MIDI-S/PDIF Breakout Cable To connect MIDI or S/PDIF signals to MiaMIDI, you will need to first connect the breakout cable. The breakout cable looks like this: MIDI and S/PDIF inputs are on the left side, just under the label “IN”. Outputs are, obviously, on the right. To use the breakout cable, connect the 7-pin DIN connector at the other end of the breakout cable to the connector labeled “MIDI S/PDIF” at the bottom of the PCI card bracket.
Console – Mac OS 8/9, Layla24 and Gina24 The Mac OS 8/9 Console – Layla24 and Gina24 A “virtual control surface” application called the Console is included with the Mac driver. The Console allows you to control the audio I/O and clocking functions of your Echo hardware, and it brings these controls to a single easy-to-use location. From the console you can control the output levels, select synchronization clocks, select the digital mode, and adjust input monitoring.
Console – Mac OS 8/9, Layla24 and Gina24 Here’s a picture of the console for Layla24 (Gina24 is similar): Bus select: The bus select panel is the area outlined in green. Eight different output busses are shown here: four analog busses in the top row and four digital busses on the bottom row. Each bus has its own button marked with either an A or D (Analog or Digital) and a channel number pair. The highlighted button is the currently active bus.
Console – Mac OS 8/9, Layla24 and Gina24 Master output bus control: The master bus control is the area outlined in purple. At the bottom is the label “Analog out 1-2.” This indicates you are currently controlling everything mixed to analog outputs 1 and 2. These channels correspond to the currently selected button on the bus select panel. The two buttons labeled “+4” are the nominal level select buttons.
Console – Mac OS 8/9, Layla24 and Gina24 position. Note that this does not affect your recording. Below the pan slider is the monitor mute. This controls whether or not you want this input channel to be mixed directly out to the currently selected output bus. Again, this does not affect recording. This is followed by the monitor fader, and it controls the input monitor level. Like the pan and mute controls, this does not affect your record level.
Console – Mac OS 8/9, Layla24 and Gina24 Menus You can set your S/PDIF output format by selecting File/Preferences. This lets you configure your card for professional or consumer format S/PDIF output. Some S/PDIF devices need to see one format or another; if you are having trouble connecting a S/PDIF device to the digital output of your Echo card, try changing this setting. The “Active Card” menu is used when you have more than one Echo card; use this menu to switch between the different cards.
Console – Mac OS 8/9, Mia and MiaMIDI The Mac OS 8/9 Console – Mia and MiaMIDI A “virtual control surface” application called the Console is included with the Mac driver. The Console allows you to control the audio I/O and clocking functions of your Echo hardware, and it brings these controls to a single easy-to-use location. From the console you can control the output levels, select synchronization clocks, select the digital mode, and adjust input monitoring.
Console – Mac OS 8/9, Mia and MiaMIDI Here’s a picture of the console for Mia/MiaMIDI: Bus select: Let’s start with the area within the green outline on the right. This is the bus select panel. Two different output busses are shown here: the analog output bus on top, and the digital output bus on the bottom row. Click on the label below the meters to select the bus. Master output bus control: Now, let’s consider the area in the purple outline on the lower right. This is the master bus control.
Console – Mac OS 8/9, Mia and MiaMIDI to analog outputs 1 and 2, which corresponds to the green “A 1-2” on the bus select panel. The two buttons labeled “+4” are the nominal level select buttons. Since they both read “+4”, this indicates that these outputs are sending a +4 dBu signal. To send a –10 dBV signal, click the button. The mute buttons and faders affect everything being mixed to this bus; that is, pulling the fader down will make both the input monitors and playback quieter.
Console – Mac OS 8/9, Mia and MiaMIDI This is followed by the monitor fader. This controls the input monitor level. Once again, this does not affect your record level. The button marked “G” between each fader is the gang button. If you click on the gang button, that pair of faders will be in gang mode and will move together when you move one or the other. Digital inputs: These are within the light blue outline. They work just like the analog inputs, but represent Mia/MiaMIDI’s S/PDIF inputs.
Console – Mac OS 8/9, Mia and MiaMIDI Menus You can set your S/PDIF output format by selecting File/Preferences. This lets you configure your card for professional or consumer format S/PDIF output. Some S/PDIF devices need to see one format or another. If you are having trouble connecting a S/PDIF device to the digital output of your Echo card, try changing this setting. The “Active Card” menu is used when you have more than one Echo card; use this menu to switch between the different cards.
Console – Mac OS X, all products The Mac OS X Console A “virtual control surface” application called the Console is included with the Mac driver. The console for Mac OS X is very similar to the console for Mac OS 8/9; the main difference is that the console has a different visual appearance that is more consistent with the OS X Aqua interface. Since the two are so similar, please refer to the OS 8/9 console chapters for more information on how to use the OS X console.
Console – Mac OS X, all products Settings dialog The settings dialog for the OS X console lets you set the S/PDIF output format and the digital input auto-mute. The S/PDIF format lets you select the format of the outgoing S/PDIF status bits. Different S/PDIF receivers need to see the S/PDIF status bits formatted in either consumer or professional format; if you are having trouble connecting the S/PDIF output on your Echo hardware, try changing this setting.
Synchronizing multiple devices Synchronizing Multiple Devices Layla24, Gina24, Mia, and MiaMIDI are designed to work alongside other audio equipment. If you are planning on using your card with other audio equipment, please note the following: The Mac drivers included in this package support multiple Echo cards within the same system. In addition, your new Echo hardware will operate alongside other Echo products.
Synchronizing multiple devices S/PDIF – The Sony/Phillips Digital Interchange Format is a serial bitstream that has a clock signal embedded in the data stream. When recording from an S/PDIF source, whether via optical cables or RCA cables, Echo products will utilize the synchronization clock that is embedded in the S/PDIF while it decodes the bitstream. Your Echo digital audio system can only sync to S/PDIF clock if the master device is set to a sample rate between 30kHz and 50kHz.
Synchronizing multiple devices Now let’s take a look at some sample configurations and how you might set them up from a synchronization standpoint. Let’s start with a simple example. Suppose that Layla24 is the only audio device used in your system. Since you have no other devices to synchronize with, simply select Internal for Layla24’s input clock. Layla24 will then use its own clock to control its operation. Now a little more complicated set-up: You have two Layla24s connected.
ASIO Direct Monitoring – Mac OS 8/9, all products ASIO Direct Monitoring – Mac OS 8/9 Depending on what software you use, you will have different options for monitoring your audio inputs. The more common type is software monitoring. With software monitoring, your audio application handles mixing inputs to outputs internally (i.e., on the PowerPC processor). Typically, this adds latency, meaning that the audio you hear on the outputs is delayed from the inputs.
ASIO Direct Monitoring – Mac OS 8/9, all products Here are a few different scenarios for monitoring your inputs: I want to just listen to my inputs without using any audio software Run the Console and control your monitors from there. I want to use Direct Monitoring Use Direct Monitoring in your software, but don’t use the Console for monitoring. Only use the Console for clock synchronization. I want to use software monitoring Run the Console and mute all the monitors.
ASIO control panel – Mac OS 8/9, all products ASIO Control Panel – Mac OS 8/9 In all ASIO programs you can access the ASIO control panel that lets you control certain driver settings for your Echo24 card. Each ASIO program has a different name for it (ASIO Device Control Panel, Hardware Settings, Driver Setup, etc…) and a different way of accessing it. The “Allow ASIO 2 Direct Monitoring” checkbox does exactly what it say it does.
ASIO control panel – Mac OS 8/9, all products Say, for example, you have a Layla24 and a Gina24. Congratulations on your superb taste in purchasing not one but two Echo products. However, say you set Layla24 to ADAT mode and Gina24 to S/PDIF mode. In ADAT mode, Layla24 will be limited to 48 kHz, while Gina24 in S/PDIF mode will be able to go up to 96 kHz. This, in turn, presents the ASIO driver with a problem.
Contacting Customer Service If you experience any trouble with your Echo hardware please go to the support area of our website at www.echoaudio.com and check out the quicktips & troubleshooting FAQ’s we have there. If you can’t find a solution to your problem there, please fill out the provided technical support email form. This form will be sent to our technical support staff and they will respond to you quickly. Please fill out the form completely.
Appendix A: General Troubleshooting Guide Problem: You can’t get Sound Manager on Mac OS 8 or 9 to recognize your Echo card. Solution: The current Mac OS 8/9 driver does not support Sound Manager. It only supports ASIO based programs. Problem: You’ve installed the OS X driver, but the hardware isn’t listed in the System Preferences or the Audio MIDI Setup application. Solution: Your installation of OS X may be out of date. Try running Software Update; you’ll find it in the System Preferences.
copy protection bit can be turned off or on according to the user’s needs. In consumer products, the SCMS bit is always enabled. Unfortunately there is no way for the transmitting device to automatically detect which format the receiving device is able to accept. If you have a DAT deck that is not able to read the S/PDIF output from your Echo card, chances are the card is transmitting in the mode that the deck is not equipped to handle.
Problem: Recordings made using the S/PDIF port contain occasional pops or skips. Solution: When recording with the S/PDIF port, you must manually select the S/PDIF clock as the input clock. This can be done using the Console. Problem: (Layla24 and Gina24) You keep hearing a high-pitched squealing sound or your S/PDIF or ADAT signal has gone crazy. Solution: Reset the sample rate of your Echo card. You may have set the sample rate to 11kHz or 22kHz.
Appendix B: ASIO Audio Software FAQ Echo24 ASIO Driver and ASIO 2.0 Q: Can I use all Echo cards together at the same time in my ASIO program? No. There are two different Echo ASIO drivers. One is for the older Echo hardware (Layla, Gina, Darla & Darla24). The other is for the new hardware (Gina24, Layla24, Mia, MiaMIDI, and Mona). However, you can use multiple cards from either group, just not a combination from both groups. Q: What does ASIO 2.0 support do for me? For our purposes, ASIO 2.
Appendix C: Introduction to Digital Recording Converting Sound into Numbers In a digital recording system, sound is represented as a series of numbers, with each number representing the voltage, or amplitude, of a sound wave at a particular moment in time. The numbers are generated by an analog-todigital converter, or ADC, which converts the signal from an analog audio source (such as a guitar or a microphone) connected to its input into numbers.
Sample Size The more bits that are used to store the sampled value, the more closely it will represent the source signal. In an 8-bit system, there are 256 possible combinations of zeroes and ones, so 256 different analog voltages can be represented. A 16-bit system provides 65,535 possible combinations. A 16bit signal is capable of providing far greater accuracy than an 8-bit signal. Figure B shows how this works. Figure B.
Sample Rate The rate at which the ADC generates the numbers is equally important in determining the quality of a digital recording. To get a high level of accuracy when sampling, the sample rate must be greater than twice the frequency being sampled. The mathematical statement of this is called the Nyquist Theorem. When dealing with full-bandwidth sound (20Hz−20kHz), you should sample at greater than 40,000 times per second (twice 20kHz).
Storing Digital Data Once the waveform has been transformed into digital bits, it must be stored. When sampling in stereo at 48kHz using a 20-bit word size, the system has to accommodate 1,920,000 bits per second. Though this is a lot of data, it is well within the capabilities of personal computers. Most computer-based digital recording systems record the data directly to the computer’s hard disk.
converting dBV levels into dBu levels is as simple as subtracting 2dB (2.21 to be exact). Signals are also occasionally represented with units of dBm. This is an older unit that measures power instead of voltage levels with 0dBm representing 1 milliwatt. Earlier tube-based audio equipment used standardized input and output impedances of 600 ohms, so a 0dBm signal was produced with a voltage of .775 volts.
Unbalanced and Balanced Inputs and Outputs An unbalanced signal, commonly used for guitars and consumer electronics, contains two components, a ground signal and a “hot” or active signal. The ground is the barrel of a ¼” connector and the shell of an “RCA” style connector. A balanced signal contains two active signals instead of one in addition to the ground. These are referred to as the “plus” and “minus” signals. A balanced input amplifier amplifies the difference between these two signals.
Dynamic Range Dynamic range represents the difference between the maximum signal that can be recorded and the “noise floor”, or level of noise with no signal present. A system with a high dynamic range will be quieter than one with a lower dynamic range. Dynamic range is a very important specification and Your Echo hardware uses converters that have very high dynamic range. Theoretically, a 24-bit system has a dynamic range of 144dB and a 16-bit system has a dynamic range of 96dB.
Appendix D: Specifications Gina24 - Audio Performance Analog Inputs (x2 balanced TRS): Frequency Response: 10Hz – 22kHz, ±0.25dB Dynamic Range: 108dB A-weighted THD+n: <0.001%, 20Hz–22kHz A-weighted Nominal Input Level: +4dBu Maximum Input Level: +18dBu Input Impedance: 10K Analog Outputs (x8 balanced TRS): Frequency Response: 10Hz – 22kHz, ±0.25dB Dynamic Range: 110dB A-weighted THD+n: <0.
Gina24 - Hardware Host Interface: PCI bus mastering card Two balanced ¼” analog inputs with precision 24-bit 128x oversampling analog-to-digital converters Eight balanced ¼” analog outputs with high performance 24-bit 128x oversampling digital-to-analog converters S/PDIF digital I/O with up to 24-bit resolution ADAT optical digital I/O Headphone output with volume control On-board 24-bit Motorola DSP 24-bit data resolution maintained throughout entire signal path Multiple sample rates from 8kHz to 96kHz Esy
Layla24 - Audio Performance Analog Inputs (x8 balanced TRS): Frequency Response: 10Hz – 22kHz, ±0.25dB Dynamic Range: 110dB A-weighted THD+n: <0.001%, 20Hz–22kHz A-weighted Nominal Input Level: +4dBu Maximum Input Level: +22dBu Input Impedance: 10K Analog Outputs (x8 balanced TRS): Frequency Response: 10Hz – 22kHz, ±0.25dB Dynamic Range: 115dB A-weighted THD+n: <0.
Layla24 - Hardware Host Interface: PCI bus mastering card Eight balanced ¼” analog inputs with precision 24-bit 128x oversampling analog-to-digital converters Eight balanced ¼” analog outputs with high performance 24-bit 128x oversampling digital-to-analog converters S/PDIF digital I/O with up to 24-bit resolution ADAT optical digital I/O Headphone output with volume control On-board 24-bit Motorola DSP 24-bit data resolution maintained throughout entire signal path Multiple sample rates from 8kHz to 96kHz
Mia and MiaMIDI - Audio Performance Analog Inputs (x2 balanced TRS): Frequency Response: 10Hz – 22kHz, ±0.5dB Dynamic Range: 106dB A-weighted THD+n: <0.001%, 20Hz–22kHz Nominal Input Level: +4dBu Maximum Input Level: +18dBu Input Impedance: 10K Analog Outputs (x2 balanced TRS): Frequency Response: 10Hz – 22kHz, ±0.5dB Dynamic Range: 106dB A-weighted THD+n: <0.
Mia and MiaMIDI - Hardware Host Interface: PCI bus card PCI bus master interface Two balanced ¼” analog inputs with precision 24-bit 64x oversampling analog-to-digital converters Two balanced ¼” analog outputs with high performance 24-bit 128x oversampling digital-to-analog converters S/PDIF digital I/O with up to 24-bit resolution On-board 24-bit Motorola DSP 24-bit data resolution maintained throughout entire signal path Multiple sample rates from 8kHz to 96kHz MIDI in/out (MiaMIDI only) 76
A H ADAT..................... 30, 34, 53, 62 analog resolution...................... 65 analog-to-digital converter....... 64 ASIO ........................................ 17 ASIO 2.0 ............................ 55, 63 ASIO control panel .................. 57 ASIO driver installation........... 17 ASIO software ......................... 63 ASIO tips ................................. 55 audio software.......................... 63 hardware monitoring.................55 headroom ...........................
S/PDIF recording ..................... 60 S/PDIF resolution .................... 65 sample rate ......................... 64, 66 sample size ............................ 65 SCMS copy-protection ............ 60 selecting a slot......................... 11 software monitoring ................. 55 Sound Manager ........................ 60 specifications............................ 71 static electricity, discharging 11 synchronization ..................
