Dran-View 6.
Contents: Chapter 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................. 7 1.1. What’s new in Dran-View 6? ..................................................................................... 8 Chapter 2. Getting Started ....................................................................................................... 10 2.1. 2.2. 2.3. 2.4. 2.5. Requirements........................................................................
7.1. 7.2. 7.3. 7.4. 7.5. 7.6. Undo ......................................................................................................................... 71 Redo ......................................................................................................................... 72 Cut ............................................................................................................................ 73 Copy ....................................................................................
10.10. 10.10.1. 10.10.2. 10.10.3. 10.10.4. 10.10.5. 10.11. 10.11.1. 10.11.2. 10.11.3. 10.11.4. 10.11.5. 10.12. 10.12.1. 10.13. 10.13.1. 10.13.2. 10.14. 10.14.1. 10.14.2. 10.14.3. 10.15. 10.16. 10.17. 10.18. 10.18.1. 10.18.2. 10.18.3. 10.18.4. 10.18.5. 10.18.6. Active Tool Area Marker ................................................................................... 100 Moving/Resizing the Area Marker Selection.................................................. 101 Use for DFT Chart selection fine-tuning ..
Chapter 13.Charts................................................................................................................... 139 13.1. Introduction............................................................................................................ 139 13.2. Axes........................................................................................................................ 141 13.2.1. Introduction to Axes ................................................................................
16.1. 16.2. 16.3. Introduction............................................................................................................ 189 Statistics Table Properties Dialog – General Page................................................. 190 Statistics Table Properties Dialog – Appearance Page .......................................... 191 Chapter 17.Text Boxes ........................................................................................................... 192 17.1. 17.2. 17.3.
Chapter 1. Introduction This manual contains information about the contents, installation and operation of the Dran-View family of software packages. Dran-View is available in two editions: Dran-View Professional Focused on simplicity. Dran-View Enterprise Focused on flexibility and advanced possibilities. Reads tabulated ASCII-files and COMTRADE IEEE C37.111-1991/1999 compatible files. This manual describes Dran-View features in both editions.
1.1. What’s new in Dran-View 6? Enhancements for Professional and Enterprise edition: Speed Significantly faster waveform calculations and file loading. Memory Support for large data files and file-compression (half-size of original data) when saving DV6 documents. New User Interface Improved zoom and pan functions, drag-and-drop charts, insert pictures and photos, customize toolbars, and more. Flexibility Customizable report presentations and math functions in a wide variety of situations.
Enhancements for the Enterprise edition only: Multiple Sites Presentation of up to 16 simultaneous data sets emanating from different instrument models. This allows comparison of data from different sources in the same chart. Performs mathematical calculations across sites. Object Oriented Design Supports an unlimited number of presentation aides such as charts, statistical tables, and phasors in each window. Drag-andDrop Use simple, intuitive drag-and-drop function to manipulate screen items.
Chapter 2. Getting Started 2.1. Requirements Requirements Operating system: Processor: Processor clock frequency: Memory: Hard disk: USB or parallel port: 2.2. MS-Windows 98SE, 2000, or XP 2000 or XP recommended for optimum performance. Pentium Pro or better. P4 recommended.
2.3. Installing Dran-View ! As with most USB devices, the HASP key should not be inserted until the installation of Dran-View is complete! Keep the HASP keyed to the USB port while using Dran-View! Insert CD Dran-View is delivered on a CD. Insert the CD into your CD-ROM player. If the installation does not start automatically, select the disc drive where the DranView CD is inserted, and run the Setup.exe program.
2.4. Registering the Software for Automatic Updates Registering the Software The second time you start Dran-View, you will be advised to run the Registration Wizard. The Registration Wizard ensures that Dran-View will be automatically updated with the newest service packs. In case you ever need to re-run the Registration Guide, or change your personal information (postal address, e- mail address, etc.), you will find it under the Tools > Personal Information menu.
Personal Information Page Enter the requested information on this page. Fields marked with a "*" are mandatory and must be filled in in order for you to proceed. Other fields are not mandatory, but will be help ful in case you contact Customer Support. Make sure you enter the correct e- mail address. An e-mail will be sent to the address you specify containing a link that you must follow to complete the registration process. Click "Next" to proceed to the Thank You page.
2.5. Unverified E-mail Error Dialog Unverified E-mail This dialog box will be shown whenever Dran-View attempts to look for updates and you have not completed the registration process. After completing the Registration Guide, you should receive an e-mail titled "Dran-View Update Email verification". This will contain a link that you must follow (click) in order to complete registration.
Chapter 3. The Main View Left pane: Timeplot chart Two Panes Event List Splitter control Right pane: Waveform/ Event details. Event ruler To fully understand how to operate this program, it is important to know how the items on the screen are tied together and how to manipulate them. The document view (window) is divided into two panes. These panes are divided by the splitter control (a vertical line between the panes).
Events At any time, only one event can be active (selected) in a document. To select a particular event, pull down the event list (located in the toolbar). If you wish to step back and fo rth between adjacent events, it is often easier to use the toolbar buttons . Another way is to click on one of the triangles (each triangle indicates an event) in the event ruler located above each chart. The currently selected event is always marked in the charts with a vertical line.
Chapter 4. The Text Editor View Text Editor The text editor is used to display Reports, Instrument Configurations, and Personal Notes. It is designed to have the look-and- feel common to most text editors, and should not differ significantly in form or function from what you are used to. When a text editor is active, the Save As command will have the added options to save in Microsoft Word (.DOC) or Rich Text Format (.RTF). Selecting ASCII (.
Text Editor Toolbar The top of this window contains a toolbar with the following commands. Font Face This command will change the font of the selected text. If no text is selected, it will change the active font at the cursor. When clicked, a drop-down list of available fonts will appear. Select a font by clicking it, or press the Escape key to abort. Font Size This command will change the font size of the selected text. If no text is selected, it will change the active font size at the cursor.
Text Editor Toolbar (continued) Tab Control Under this toolbar you will find the tab control. This contains one triangular icon at the top of the control , two at the bottom , and a number of icons representing the tab positions . The topmost triangular icon represents the left margin for the current paragraph. When you hit "Enter", the new line will start at this position. The leftmost of the bottom triangular icons represents the paragraph indent.
Chapter 5. The Event List Bar Tabs Event List Bar Event List Bar The Event List Bar is positioned on the left hand side of the Dran-View window by default. To make it visible you need to enable the Event List Bar toolbar button , or use the menu command View > Toolbars > Event List (Enterprise Edition Only). The Event List Bar contains an Event List, and a Snapshot list for Dran-View Enterprise Edition. To switch between these two lists, use the tabs located underneath the Event List bar.
Event Types The Event List displays icons for different kinds of triggered events. Icon / Event Type Misc.
5.1. Event List Tab Event This tab contains an event list, List with the same contents as the pullTab down version in the toolbar. This event list has the benefit of being visible all the time, and allows for a number of customizations. Click any event in the tree to make it the active event. The top of this window contains a toolbar with the following commands. Event Removal On/Off Use this command to remove events and the data associated with the particular event(s).
5.1.1. Event Removal Event List Tab Toolbar Commands detailed information This command will toggle removal mode for the Event List. While in removal mode, this toolbar button will look like this . Checkboxes ( , or ) will appear to the left of each item in the tree. The first time you enter removal mode, it may take Dran-View some time to generate additional events. This is done so that all samples will belong to an event.
Event Subset This command allows you to choose which events should be visible. Unlike the event removal, this does not alter the data in your document. You will be presented with the following options in a menu: All Events All Triggered Fault Events Sags/Swells/Interruptions Transient Events All events will be shown. All events that resulted from anomalies are shown. Multi-Site Events Only events occurring in at least two sites at once are shown. Custom Selections...
Event Subset Customize Dialog Sags/Swells/Interruptions This option will include sags, swells, and interruptions in the event subset. Transients This option will include transients in the event subset. Any other fault events This option will include triggered events that are not sags, swells, interruptions, or transients in the event subset. Events without trigger This option will include events without trigger, such as timed events and pre- or post-triggers.
Sort A dot will appear next to the selected sort mode in the Event List Toolbar Sort menu. Sort Date/Time This command will sort the Event List and Event Box in Ascending ascending date/time order. Sort Date/Time This command will sort the Event List and Event Box in Descending descending date/time order. Sort by Event Type This command will sort the Event List and Event Box in alphabetical order. Only one of the Sort Ascending, Sort Descending, and Sort Alphabetically options can be used at a time.
View This command will show and hide the information about each event in the Event Information List and the Event Box. While an option is active, a checkmark will appear to the left of the menu item. To remove the information, select the option again. The checkmark and the information should disappear. View Event Number View Date View Time View Extra Information Search This command will show and hide the event number for each event.
5.2. Snapshot List Tab Snapshot List Tab Enterprise Edition Only At any time you may press the camera toolbar button to create a snapshot of the main window. The snapshot is not only an image; it is actually a “frozen state” of all the information within the two panes of the active main view. This window is a docking window. At the bottom of this window, there are two tabs. Use these to switch between the Event Tree and the Snapshots List. Bookmarks You may use Snapshots as “bookmarks”.
Snapshot List Tab (continued) The top of this window contains a toolbar with the following commands: Print Snapshots This command will show the Printer Selection dialog box. Print Preview Snapshots Preview the snapshots as they will be printed. Create Document This command will create an .rtf document containing all snapshots in the snapshot list and open it in a Dran-View text editor window. Word Processor This command will create a .
Chapter 6. The File Menu 6.1. Open Open Selecting this command will show a File-Open dialog box where you can select the file(s) to open. Opening a file will create a new document. Dran-View can open files created by many different instruments. Dran-View converts the file to a Dran-View 6 format while reading/opening the file. To open a file, select the filename and press OK to start the conversion process.
6.1.1. Reading COMTRADE files COMTRADE When opening a COMTRADE (.CFG) file, the COMTRADE Text Import Wizard will help you define the data. Enterprise Edition Only COMTRADE is commonly used to store waveshapes from relay protection systems. A COMTRADE “file” is actually a pair of two files (.CFG and .DAT). The leading file name must be identical for the two files and both must reside in the same folder.
COMTRADE Import Wizard Dialog Page 1 Enterprise Edition Only Data Type This column defines the basic nature of the sampling rate. For a waveform channel, select “Y-Waveform”, for a Trend (like a RMS value), select “Y-Trend”. The remaining options are “X-Time” which you should not use for any channel in a COMTRADE file and “Y-Digital” which is used to denote Digital status channels in a COMTRADE file. “Y-Digital” should not be used for analog channels.
COMTRADE Unit Import Wizard Dialog Page 1 Characteristics (Continued) Select the basic quantity UNIT of the channel (Volts, Amps, Watts, etc.) This column defines the characteristics of the channel. Waveform channels should always be set to “Instantaneous”. Trend channel should always be set to anything else from the list, i.e. “RMS”, etc. Enterprise Edition Only Phase This column defines the phase of the channel. “A”, “B”, “C” “AB”, “BC”, “CA” “RES” .
COMTRADE Import Wizard Dialog Page 2 Enterprise Edition Only Site name The name you want to associate with the data. Nominal frequency Correct this if it is wrong (normally 50 or 60 Hz). Nominal voltage Recommended setting is –1 (unknown). Channel Names Auto The channels will be give n names and units automatically based on the setups you have entered. Use field names from file The channels will be given the same names as they had in the COMTRADE file.
6.1.2. Reading ASCII/Text Files Text Files Enterprise Edition Only When opening a text file, the Text Import Wizard dialog box will be shown. Dran-View can read any ASCII file containing electrical power data. In the first page of the Wizard, you need to define how the text file is formatted. In the bottom part of the page you will find the data interpreted based on your settings. The default settings are taken from your current language settings in the operating system.
Text Import Wizard Dialog Page 2 Enterprise Edition Only This page works the same way as the COMTRADE Import Wizard. See previous chapter for details. ! The major difference from the COMTRADE version you should be aware of is that the “Data Type” of the first row (containing timestamps) should be set to “X-Time”, Prefix=None, Unit=None, Characteristics=None, Phase=None, Measured=None, and Value Type=Value.
6.2. Site New Site New Enterprise Edition Only 6.3. Use this command to add a site to the active document. Adding a site to an existing document rather than opening a new document allows you to view data from multiple sites (locations/instruments). It will also allow you to perform comparative analysis between the different sites. Selecting this command will show a File Open dialog box where you can select the file/site to add.
6.4. Site Rename Site Rename Use this command to change the name of an existing site. If there is more than one site in the document, the Choose Site dialog box will be shown, allowing you to select which site to rename. Rename Site Dialog When you have selected one of the available sites, the Rename Site dialog box will be shown. This allows you to enter a new name for a site. Type the site name and click "OK". 6.5.
6.6. Import Dranetz 658 Import Dranetz 658 Legacy Driver Required 6.7. Import Nodelink Import Node Link Signature System Driver Required 6.8. Selecting this command will open a dialog box where you can choose to import data from a 658 diskette or 658GHA database. Insert the diskette into the selected disc drive and click "OK" on the first page, or select the database you wish to use on the second page and click "OK".
6.10. Save As Save As Use this command to save and name the active document. Dran-View 6 displays the Save As dialog box so you can name your document. If you select an existing file, you will be asked if you wish to overwrite that file. To save a file with its existing name and directory, use the Save command. Depending on what view you are currently using, the Save As dialog box allows you to save files in various format: Main View Dran-View 6 can save in .DV6 (Dran-View 6), .TXT (ASCII text), and .
6.10.1. ASCII Export ASCII Export This dialog box will appear if you select either the Copy (Data List), Cut (Data List), or Save As ASCII (any views) commands. It allows you to change formatting options for tabular data so that it can be viewed by certain applications like spreadsheet application. The default settings in this dialog box are taken from the Windows control panel. ASCII Export Data Dialog Decimal point This is the character for the decimal point in numerical data.
6.11. Print Print Use this command to print a view. This command presents a Print dialog box, where you may specify the range of pages to be printed, the number of copies to print, the destination printer, and other printer setup options. To change the appearance of the printed header, select Print Setup. To display the active view as it would appear when printed, select Print Preview. The print dialog box offers the following options: Printer Displays the active printer and printer connection.
6.12. Print Preview Print Preview Use this command to display the active view as it would appear when printed. When you choose this command, the main window will be replaced with a print preview window in which one or two pages will be displayed in their printed format. The print preview toolbar gives you the option to view either one or two pages at a time, view the next/previous page of the document, zoom in and out of pages, and initiate a print job.
6.13. Print Setup Print Setup Use this command to define how your printed pages should look like. DranView can provide a rectangular frame along with a header containing a logotype image, a multi- line centered header and to the right, and three lines of file information. You may also use this command to select a printer and a printer connection by pressing the “Settings” button. This command presents a Print Setup dialog box, where you specify the printer and its connection.
Print Setup Dialog Code Click this button to display a dialog box containing a list of control codes. Select a control code and click "OK" to insert that code at the cursor's position. Picture Width This option allows you to change the width of the picture to the left of the header/footer. You can also change the width by clicking and dragging the separator to the desired location. Margins These input boxes allow you to change the top, bottom, left, and right margins on the print-out.
6.14. Print Snapshots Print Snapshots Enterprise Edition Only Use this command to print all your snapshots on one page each. This command presents a Print dialog box where you can specify the range of pages to be printed, the number of copies to print, the destination printer, and other printer setup options. To change the appearance of the printed header, select Print Setup. To see the snapshots as they would appear when printed, select Bookmark Print Preview. 6.15.
6.16. Report Writer Report Writer This command will show the Report Writer Selection dialog box, where you can choose the kind of report to generate. To run Report Writer, you will step through the Report Writer Wizard. Different pages will appear depending on the options you select. The selections that you enter in the Report Writer Wizard will be stored in the document until the next time you run the wizard. When you save your document as a DV6 file, all your Report Writer settings will be stored.
Report Writer Selection Dialog (Continued) First page number Sets the first page number of the printouts. This is useful if you plan to use Report Writer printouts as an appendix to other documentation. This page number will be inserted whenever the “$PAGE” control code is found in the DRAN-VIEW Print Setup. For example, if you wish to label your first page “APPENDIX A:1” , manually edit the Print Setup dialog box and insert “APPENDIX A: $PAGE” in the page header field.
6.16.1. Automatic Report Writer Automatic Report Writer The automatic Report Writer will analyze the instrument configuration and suggest a suitable report mode for your measurement. You have the option to change the report mode. The report mode will affect the type of pages produced by the Automatic Report Writer. Pressing “Done” will produce a report in the integrated text editor. From there, you may choose to edit, print, or save the report.
6.16.2. Custom Report Writer Custom Report Writer The Custom Report Writer consists of a number of modules that may or may not require individual setup. In case individual setup is required, additional pages in the Report Writer Wizard will be shown.
6.16.3. Custom Report Writer Options Power Quality Timeplots Power Quality Timeplot Category Voltage Timeplot This option will produce a page with a voltage RMS timeplot for phase A, B, C, D or A-B, B-C, C-A. Current Timeplot This option will produce a page with a current RMS timeplot for phase A, B, C, D. THD Timeplots This options will produce a page with voltage THD timeplot for phase A, B, C, D or AB, B-C, C-A.
Power Quality Power Quality Category Quality of supply histograms This option will produce a page with 5%, 95%, and 99% probability values for the following parameters: Voltage, VTHD, ITHD, Voltage Unbalance Factors, and Frequency. Activity charts for Sags, Swells, Interruptions and Transients This option will produce a page with all Sags, Swells, Interruptions, and Transients presented in counts (Y), along a 24 hour X-axis.
Power Quality Category Worst case summaries with waveforms This option will produce a page with waveform plots of the worst Sags, Swells, Interruptions, and Transients. Voltage and Current per phase: Min,Max,Median, Average This option will produce a page with statistical information about Voltage and Current. Magnitude / Duration Diagram This option will produce a page with an ITIC/CBEMA or other magnitude/duration scatter diagram, showing all Sags, Interruptions, and Swells.
EN50160 The EN50160 Report Writer module has specific settings that will be displayed Options Page in the EN50160 options page. EN50160 Report by the Instrument The PowerXplorer family of instruments can generate EN50160 reports if properly set up. Selecting this option will print the overview pages of these reports, if available EN50160 Selecting this option will run Dran-View’s internal EN50160 Report by Dran- report generator.
Power Quantity Power Quantity Demand and Energy Timeplots This option will produce a page with Demand and Energy timeplots. Phase and Total values for Power, Demand and Energy This option will produce a page containing a table with statistical information related to Power, Demand, and Energy parameters.
Other Other Category Add user-created Snapshot This option will produce a range of pages with the contents of your previously stored SNAPSHOTS (using the snapshot “camera” toolbar button ). Instrument configuration This option will produce a range of pages containing the instrument configuration. This is the same information shown when using the command View > Instrument Setup List of events This option will produce a range of pages containing the event list information.
Advanced Advanced Category Enterprise Edition only User Selected Timeplots This option allows you to plot any timeplot parameter in your Report. The setup page is virtually the same as the Channel Selection page of a timeplot chart, but may contain some of the additional options described below. Page per phase This additional checkbox allows you to choose how to generate the pages in terms of rows or columns. If the checkbox is unchecked, there will be one page generated for each parameter row.
Advanced Category User Selected Timeplots (continued) Enterprise Edition only Stack This checkbox (one per row or one per column) specifies if the parameters should be plotted in STACKED or OVERLAID mode for the particular page. Lim1, Lim2 These edit-boxes allow you to include your own threshold/limit lines within each page. These limit lines are drawn from left to right in the chart at the numerical magnitude you specify in each edit box. If you leave the editboxes blank, no limit line will be drawn.
Advanced Category Enterprise Edition only User Selected Events This option allows you to select any event for inclusion in the report writer. It contains a preview image that shows how the final chart will look like as you change settings or switch between different events. Event categories This list-box has a number of event categories (contents may vary). The events that belongs to the selected category is shown in the “Events in category” list-box.
Advanced Category User Selected Events (continued) Voltage RMS / Current RMS Voltage Peak (Crest) / Current Peak (Crest) Voltage RMS Deviation / Current RMS Deviation These options allow you to include half-cycle values generated by the instrument (Multi-DAQ Taskcard, PX5, PG4400, and Signature System range of products).
Advanced Category Enterprise Edition Only Compare harmonics against limits This option allows you to compare harmonics against your own or predefined limits. A set of pre-defined limits is available when installing DranView. These files have the extension .DLM and can be loaded using the “Open” button. The current settings can be saved using the “Save” button. The Report Writer will create a PASS/FAIL report for the selected harmonics.
Advanced Category G5/4 Prediction of a new nonlinear load/Harmonics against limits Page 1 This page allows you to enter the current harmonics (Amps) for a new non- linear load. The manufacturer of the new equipment usually supplies these figures. The predicted voltage harmonics are calculated from the given current harmonics. The predicted and the measured voltage harmonics are then summed up and may be compared against the G5/4 planning levels (limits).
Page 2 Enterprise Edition Only This page works like the module “Compare Harmonics against limits”, with the option to exclude the comparison and present only the predicted harmonics in the report. Do you wish to compare Harmonics against limits? Enable this option to activate the comparison. Use the “Open” button to load pre-defined planning levels (limits), or design your own.
Standards Enterprise Edition Only Several report items are located below Custom Limits in the custom report generator. These are pre-defined standards, but they use the same report module as the custom limit report. The reports listed here may vary since Dran-View automatically detects which standards apply to the nominal voltage and frequency of your measurement. Selecting one of the pre-defined standards will not show the custom limits property page.
Advanced If you click this button, a dialog box with the following options will Properties appear: Show only if If you enable this option, select Show as standard Un is X to Y and press the button. Your report will appear in and Fn is Z the Custom Report property page only if it matches the given requirements. Language In the two boxes below, you may enter names and setup instructions for each language in this box. Choose the language with which you wish to change name and setup instructions.
Cum Thres.(%) If you did not select the instantaneous time interval, this option will be enabled. This number indicates how many % of the time the parameter must be within limits to pass. Max Dur. (s) If you select the instantaneous time interval, this option will be enabled. It indicates how many seconds the parameter may pass out of bounds without failing.
Harmonics Limits Dialog Use this dialog to set limits for individual harmonics. Limit List Use this list to enter limits for individual harmonics. This list contains the following columns: Row Number Click the row number button to select the entire row. Click the topmost button to select the entire list. This allows you to easily copy and paste data in the list (right-click to bring up a menu where you can select these options). Harm Select the harmonic, THD, FND or DC to which this limit applies.
Populate Dialog Use this dialog box to auto- format the limit list in the Harmonic Limits dialog. The current data in that dialog box will disappear. Include THD/DC/FND Harmonics from X to Y All limits in Select the checkboxes that you want to include limits for. Select which harmonics, if any, you wish to include. Choose between absolute (Volts/Amps) or % of FND.
6.17. File Properties File Properties Select this option to display the File Properties dialog box where you can view the properties of the file you are working with or to select properties of another file. File Properties Dialog This dialog box lets you view a number of properties for the file you are working with, as well as that of another file. Initially, only the currently active file will be shown.
6.18. File MRU List Most Recently Used Files 6.19. Exit Use the numbers and filenames listed at the bottom of the File menu to open the last five files recently used. All files opened by Dran-View will be added to the top of this list, displacing the other files in the list and removing the last. Only one instance of each file will exist in the list. Exit Use this command to end your Dran-View session. You can also use the Close command on the application system menu.
Chapter 7. The Edit Menu 7.1. Undo Undo Use this command to reverse your last action, whenever possible. Click the down arrow immediately to the right of the Undo button to display a menu containing the last 10 undo actions. Selecting one action from the menu will undo that action and all actions above it. If there is more than 10 undo actions, the option “More Undo...” will appear last in the list. Selecting this option will display the More Undo dialog box, where all available undo actions will appear.
7.2. Redo Redo Use this command to redo your last undone action, whenever possible. Click the down arrow immediately to the right of the Redo button to display a menu containing the last 10 undone actions. Selecting one action from the menu will redo that action and all actions above it. If there are more than 10 undone actions, the option “More Redo…” will appear last in the list. Selecting this option will display the More Redo dialog box, where all available undone actions will appear.
7.3. Cut Cut Cutting data to the clipboard replaces the contents previously stored there. Main View Use this command to remove the currently selected object from the view and put it on the clipboard. Dran-View objects can be pasted into other views or documents. Depending on the settings in the Clipboard Options page, a bitmap or Windows Meta File picture may also be placed on the clipboard.
7.4. Copy Copy Copying data to the clipboard replaces the contents previously stored there. Main view Use this command to create a copy of the currently selected object and put it on the clipboard. Dran-View objects can be pasted into other views or documents. Depending on the settings in the Clipboard Options page, a bitmap or Windows Meta File picture may also be placed on the clipboard.
7.5. Paste Paste Use this command to insert a copy of the clipboard contents at the insertion point. This command is unavailable if the clipboard is empty. The following data types can be pasted into the Dran-View text editor: • Bitmap pictures • Windows Meta Files • RTF text • ASCII text (also in input boxes) You cannot paste anything into the Data List. Enterprise Edition Only In Enterprise Edition, you can also paste into the main view.
Chapter 8. The View Menu 8.1. Instrument Setup Instrument Setup 8.2. This command will display a report of the instrument configuration that is active, while the currently selected is displayed in a Text Editor window. The appearance of this report will vary depending on what instrument the file originated from. Note that the configuration may vary if the instrument settings were modified during measuring.
8.3. Data List Data List This command will display the Data List window where the visible parts in the current X-Axis zoom of the active channels in the chart are displayed as numerical data. The data list is used to display data as text in a table. To show this view, press the Data List toolbar button. The data list will display the visible channels in the current X-axis zoom range of the selected chart.
Data List (Continued) If you right-click on the Data List, you will access the Data List properties dialog box: Display All Selecting this option will write the text "HID" where there is no valid data for a channel, rather than displaying an empty cell. Show time data as Selecting this option will display the first X-data cell as difference from normal, but will display the elapsed time since the cell previous value immediately above each cell for all other X-data cells.
8.4. 8.4.1. Toolbars Dran-View Professional Toolbars Dran-View In Dran-View Professional, only two static toolbars are available. The toolbars Professional cannot be moved and cannot be customized.
8.4.2. Dran-View Enterprise Toolbars Dran-View Enterprise Toolbars The Enterprise Edition of Dran-View contains a wide range of options to enable pre-defined toolbars, modify existing toolbars, or define your own toolbars. Toolbar buttons may be moved or deleted with a simple drag-anddrop action while holding down the ALT-button. You may also define your own keyboard short-cut commands to simplify your work. The pop-up menu shows checkboxes for the toolbars that are currently enabled.
The following commands are available from the Event Toolbar in its default configuration: Event Box First Event Previous Waveform Event Previous Event Next Event Next Waveform Event Last Event The following commands are available from the Chart Toolbar in its default configuration: Move Tool Zoom In Tool Zoom Out Pan Tool Expand/Contract Tool Autoscale Unzoom All Autozoom to Event Delta Tool Area Marker Tool Stacked Less Y-Axes More Y-Axes Data List The following commands are available from the Object T
8.5. Event List Bar Event List Bar 8.6. This command toggles the Event List Bar to switch between Event List Tab and Snapshot List Tab windows visible/invisible. Customize – Enterprise Edition Only Customize This command displays the Toolbar Customize dialog box containing five tabs.
8.6.1. Customize Dialog - Commands Page Commands Page Enterprise Edition Only Categories Select a category. The contents of the "Commands" list will change depending on which category is selected. Commands This lists all commands in the category. Drag a command to a toolbar or menu where you want to place/drop it. To create a new menu, drag the "New menu" command to the menu or toolbar. To create a new toolbar, see the "Toolbars" page.
8.6.2. Customize Dialog - Toolbars Page Toolbars Page Enterprise Edition Only Toolbars The checkboxes in this list control the visibility of each toolbar. To show or hide a toolbar, enable/disable the checkbox next to its name. Reset Click this button to restore the selected toolbar to factory default settings. This can only be done for standard toolbars. Reset All Click this button to restore all toolbars to factory default settings. This is only done for standard toolbars. New...
8.6.3. Customize Dialog - Keyboard Page Keyboard Page Enterprise Edition Only Category Select a category. The contents of the "Commands" list will change depending on which category is selected. Commands This lists all commands in the category. Select a command in this combo box if you want to edit its keyboard shortcut. Set Accelerator for Choose to set keyboard shortcuts for when a file is open (DV6) or when no file is open (Default).
8.6.4. Customize Dialog - Menu Page Menu Page Enterprise Edition Only Show menus for Select which menus to show. The menus will reset once you close this dialog box. This selection is only intended for use in manipulating the menus while they are not visible. See the "Commands Page" (page 83) for an explanation of how to do this. Reset Resets the selected menu. Context Menus Select whic h context menu to show. The menu will disappear once you close this dialog box.
8.6.5. Customize Dialog - Options Page – Enterprise Edition Only Options Page Enterprise Edition Only Show ScreenTips on toolbars Disable this checkbox to hide the tool tips when the pointer is placed over toolbar buttons. Show shortcut keys in ScreenTips Disable this checkbox to hide keyboard shortcuts in tool tips. This option will be disabled if “Show ScreenTips on toolbars” is not selected. Large Icons Select this checkbox to display larger toolbar buttons.
8.7. Status Bar - Main Status Bar Status Bar 8.8. Use this command to display and hide the Main Status Bar. A checkmark appears next to the menu item when the status bar is visible. Status Bar - Axis Status Bar Axis Status Use this command to display and hide the Axis Status Bar. A checkmark appears Bar next to the menu item when the status bar is visible. 8.9. Status Bar - Used Physical RAM Meter Used RAM This toggles the Used Physical RAM Meter on the Axis Status Bar.
8.11. Goto Goto commands In this pop- up menu, the following commands are available. Goto First Event This command sets the first event in the current site as the active event. Events are arranged according to the sort order in use. Goto Previous Waveform Event This command sets the previous event containing waveform data as the new active event. Events are arranged according to the sort order in use. Goto Previous Event This command sets the previous in the current site as the new active event.
Chapter 9. The Insert Menu 9.1. Insert Text Label Text Label This command adds a Text Label to the currently active Main View. If a Chart has focus, that Chart will become the Text Label's Parent. If no Chart has focus, the Frame belonging to the active Main View will become the Text Label's parent. If the Chart itself has focus (or any of its axes, event rulers or legends), or a Frame, the Text Label will be inserted at the bottom of the Chart or Frame.
9.3. Insert Phasor Phasor This command behaves differently in Dran-View Professional and Dran-View Enterprise. This command will be unavailable if a Main View is not active. Professional Toggles the phasor to the left of the waveform chart. Edition Enterprise Edition This command adds a Phasor to the currently active Main View. If a Chart has focus, that Chart will become the Phasor's parent. If no Chart has focus, the Frame belonging to the active Main View will become the Phasor's parent.
9.4. Insert DFT Chart DFT Chart This command behaves differently in Dran-View Professional and Dran-View Enterprise. This command will be unavailable if a Main View is not active. Professional Toggles the DFT chart below the waveform chart. Edition Enterprise Edition 9.5. This command adds a DFT Chart to the bottom of the Frame that has focus (or contains the object that has focus). If a Waveform/Details Chart has focus, the DFT Chart will be connected to that Waveform/Details Chart.
9.6. Insert Timeplot Chart Time-plot chart This command behaves differently in Dran-View Professional and Dran-View Enterprise. This command will be unavailable if a Main View is not active. Professional Toggles the timeplot chart. Edition Enterprise Edition 9.7. This command adds a Timeplot Chart to the bottom of the Frame that has focus (or contains the object that has focus).
9.8. Insert Magnitude/Duration Chart Magnitude/ This command behaves differently in Dran-View Professional and Dran-View Duration Enterprise. chart This command will be unavailable if a Main View is not active. Professional Toggles the magnitude/duration chart below the timeplot chart. Edition Enterprise Edition This command adds a Magnitude/Duration Chart to the bottom of the Frame that has focus (or contains the object that has focus).
Chapter 10. 10.1. The Tools Menu Active Tool Move Move When this tool is active, its icon on the Chart Toolbar and in the Tools > Active Tool menu will look like this: . This tool is used to move objects, but in Professional Edition, any tool can be used to move axes. To move an object, left-click on it while dragging it to the desired location on screen. Release the pointer button when done. Legends and Event Rulers cannot be moved.
10.3. Active Tool Zoom In Zoom In When this tool is active, its icon on the Chart, Classic Toolbar, and in the Tools > Active Tool menu will look like this: . When this tool is active and the cursor is positioned above a Chart, the cursor will look like this: . To zoom in on an area, left-click on a point in the Chart while dragging the pointer to the desired area that you want to zoom in.
10.5. Active Tool Unzoom All Unzoom All This tool will not stay active when it is clicked. Using this tool will restore the active Chart to its original zoom state (as it was when the chart was inserted or the document was opened). If you want to unzoom just your last zoom action, use the Unzoom Tool. 10.6. Active Tool Expand/Contract Expand / Contract When this tool is active, its icon on the Chart Toolbar and in the Tools > Active Tool menu will look like this: .
10.7. Active Tool Pan Pan When this tool is active, its icon on the Chart Toolbar and in the Tools > Active Tool menu will look like this: . When this tool is active and the cursor is positioned above a Chart, the cursor will look like this: . To pan the Chart, leftclick on a point in the Chart while dragging the pointer in the direction you wish to pan. While dragging, you will see what the chart will look like if you release the pointer button. Release the button when you are satisfied with the pan.
10.9. Active Tool Delta Measurement Delta Measure ments When this tool is active, its icon on the Chart Toolbar and in the Tools > Active Tool menu will look like this: . When this tool is active and the cursor is positioned above a Chart, the cursor will look like this: . This tool can be active simultaneously with other tools. An active state does not necessarily indicate that the tool will be used when you click in a chart.
10.10. Active Tool Area Marker Area Marker When this tool is active, its icon on the Chart Toolbar and in the Tools > Active Tool menu will look like this: . When this tool is active and the cursor is positioned above a Chart, the cursor will look like this: . This tool can be active simultaneously with other tools. An active state does not necessarily indicate that the tool will be used when you click in a chart. Instead, an active state shows that an area marker is active in the chart which has focus.
10.10.1. Moving/Resizing the Area Marker Selection Move Use the mouse pointer to adjust a range once it has been selected. To move the area, bring the pointer above the center of the range, where the cursor will change to this: . Click and drag the area to a new location and release the pointer button. You will see a preview of the area while dragging. The range will again be adjusted to whole cycles in Waveforms/Details charts (unless you have selected the Free Selection option described below).
10.10.2. Use for DFT Chart selection fine-tuning Use for DFT fine tuning Select a Waveform chart with a waveform eve nt visible, and select the command Insert > DFT Chart from the toolbar or from the menu (or right-click on the chart and select Insert DFT Chart). The newly created DFT is now connected to the waveform chart and will display the DFT analysis for the current event range. Now activate the Area Marker Tool and select a range of waveform cycles.
10.10.5. Use for Data Removal Use for data If you select a range of waveform in the Waveform or Timeplot chart, and hit the Removal keyboard “Del” key, it is possible to permanently delete this range of data from the measurement. Use this feature with care. This command is only available in the Enterprise Enterprise Edition. Edition Only Another kind of data removal is also possible within the Table List View.
10.11. Format Template 10.11.1. Introduction Introduction Format Templates allow you to use pre-set graphical attributes i.e. font type, to Format colors, channel colors, etc., while presenting your measured data in different Templates scenarios. Format Templates may be useful when: • Displaying Dran-View live in a presentation using a projector. • Creating documents to fit a particular publication. • Having customer demands for different layouts.
10.11.2. Format Template On/Off Template On/off If you are using format templates, a checkmark will appear to the right of this menu option. The format template indicator on the Main Status Bar will contain the name of the template file currently in use (if the Main Status Bar is visible). 10.11.3. Format Template Load Template Load When you select this command, a File Open dialog box will appear to let you select the template file that you want to use.
10.12. Harmonics/Timeplot Calculator Harmonics / When you select this command, the Harmonics/Timeplot Calculations dialog box Timeplot will be shown. Once you have selected the parameters that you wish to calculate, Calculator click OK. Introduction You may want to view parameters like half-cycle RMS values and the harmonic contents of input waveforms. This command is useful since not all data sources loaded into Dran-View contains this type of information.
Introduction PP4300 with Multi(Continued) DAQ TaskCard Creates RMS values on a one-cycle basis, slides the onecycle window so two RMS points are created per waveform cycle. Does not produce any Harmonics. When to use this tool: In Inrush measurement, you may want to see a sliding one-cycle window of V,I,P,Q,S, Symmetrical Components, Unbalance factors, and Frequency as they change during the Inrush Waveshape. This high-density information is not provided by the instrument.
10.12.1. Harmonics/Timeplot Calculator - Welcome Page Harmonics/ This page provides three basic Timeplot modes, selected from the radio Calculator buttons. Off In this mode, the tool is turned OFF. There are no parameters generated by this tool in the document. In this mode, you can only show parameters generated by the instrument in your charts.
Harmonics/ Custom Timeplot Calculator (continued) Automatically generate Most Common parameters when opening a file of this type This option will display selections on what parameters to calculate and how they should be calculated in detail. This option controls whether the Harmonics/Timeplot calculator will automatically calculate the parameters selected in your "Most Common" setting. This action is done whenever a file emanating from an identical instrument is opened.
Harmonics/ RMS Timeplot Calculator Check these options to calculate voltage and current RMS values. (continued) Peak (Crest) Check these options to calculate voltage and current peak values. Peak values will be calculated once per cycle regardless of your settings on the Output Options page. THD Check these options to calculate voltage and current total harmonic distortion. The Output Options Page configures the number of included harmonics. Frequency (Hz) Check this option to calculate frequency.
Harmonics/ Power Timeplot Calculator (continued Phase difference fund. Totals Add L-N wave shapes if L-L measured Voltage Harmonics Magnitudes Check this option to calculate real power, reactive power, apparent power, true power factor, and displacement power factor. Check this option to calculate the phase difference between the voltage and current fundamentals. Check this option to calculate total values for most of the selected parameters.
Harmonics/ Timeplot Calculator (continued) Voltage magnitudes Select this option to calculate voltage symmetrical components magnitudes. Voltage phase angles Select this option to calculate voltage symmetrical components phase angles. Current magnitudes Select this option to calculate current symmetrical components magnitudes. Current phase angles Select this option to calculate current symmetrical components phase angles. Unbalance factors Check this option to calculate unbalance factors.
Harmonics/ Timeplot Calculator Samples per cycle Select how many data points per cycle you wish to calculate. Note that a high setting may cause calculations to take a long time to complete. If the Harmonics/Timeplot Calculator is processing slow, try decreasing this number. Number of harmonics to calculate Select how many harmonics you wish to calculate. The maximum is the number of samples per cycle divided by two. Note that a high setting may cause calculations to take a long time to complete.
Harmonics/ Timeplot Calculator (continued) The channels may run on different frequencies. (Generator Application) Selecting this option will cause calculations to take more time to complete, but individual values for frequency, sample rate, and samples per cycle will be used. This may result in more accurate values if the frequency variation is high and differs between channels.
10.13. Harmonic Scaling Harmonic Scaling This command will open the Harmonic Scaling dialog box. Introduction Harmonics may be presented in many ways. Initially they are calculated from a voltage or current waveform signal fed into a DFT (or FFT) algorithm that calculate the magnitudes and phase angles of each frequency component. The magnitude is in Volts or Amps and is an “RMS” value (using the root- mean-square formula). In Dran-View these are called “Abs” or “Absolute” values.
10.13.1. Harmonics Setup Page Harmonics Setup Page The number of options on this page may vary depending on where you access these settings. This page is found in various places in Dran-View. Voltage/Current/Watts These combo boxes contain possible harmonic scaling options. "Absolute" will not scale the harmonics. They will be displayed as volts/amps/watts if they were not measured as a percentage. "%FND" will scale the harmonics to % of the own channel's fundamental, and display harmonics as %.
Harmonics Harmonics calculation method – Enterprise Edition Only Setup Page (Continued) Select how you wish harmonics to be calculated. This option is not available to phasors, which always uses the "Min/Max/Avg one cycle values" mode. Avg of one-cycle values This option calculates each cycle individually, and presents the average values for each channel. This mode is significantly faster than bins or spectra if a large number of cycles are selected.
Harmonics Expansion type This option allows you to choose if sine or cosine expans ion Setup Page should be used when calculating harmonic phase angles. If you (Continued) are unsure of which mode you should use, sine is recommended. This option is not available to phasors. Phase angle normalization This option allows you to choose how phase angles sho uld be normalized. The channel used for normalization always has a value of zero at all points.
10.13.2. Symmetric Components Page Symmetrical Components Setup Page Voltage/Current These combo boxes contain possible harmonic scaling options. "Absolute" will not scale the symmetric components. They will be displayed as volts/amps if they were not measured as a percentage. “% of Positive Component” scales each value towards the positive component at the same frequency. This is also known as the unbalance factor.
10.14. Rescue Kit Rescue Kit When you select this command, the Main Dialog Rescue Kit dialog box will be shown. Select the action that you wish to perform, enter the new information, and click OK. ! Select the site you want to correct Select a site you wish to modify before pressing any of the buttons below. (Enterprise Edition only) Correction of Timestamps Clicking this button will open the Correction of Timestamps dialog box where you can modify the selected site's clock.
10.14.1. Probe Connections Dialog Probe Connections Nominal Voltage Enter a new nominal voltage here. Nominal frequency Enter a new nominal frequency here. Measurement type Select the connection type of the measurement here. Invert Probes Check any probe(s) you may have inverted. 10.14.2. Scale Factors Dialog Scale Factors In this dialog it is possible to change the scaling for one or several inputs.
10.14.3. Time Dialog Change the Clock With this tool, it possible to change the clock of the measurement. This command is useful to correct the realtime clock of the instrument in case it was incorrect while measuring. Base Select the unit of the adjustment. Adjustment Select how many time units you wish to add or subtract (start the number with a minus sign "- " to subtract) from all timestamps.
10.15. Event Removal Event Removal This command will open the Event List properties sheet. This contains the Event Removal page wherein you can remove events and its associated data. This page has two modes, the "Classic Event Removal" mode and the "Tree" mode. The "Tree" mode functions as the Event Removal command except that the tree is displayed in this dialog box rather than in a separate window. See the Event Removal command for more information about this.
10.16. Harmonic Demo Tool Demo Tool This command brings up a tool to demonstrate harmonics theory. The data shown has nothing to do with the actual document file you have loaded. You have the option to add separate phase amplitudes for the three phases and to add separate harmonic components, with the possibility of changing the phase angle for each component. On the screen you can observe the three phases and how the harmonics affect the neutral line.
10.17. Personal Information Personal When you select this command, the Dran-View Registration Guide will be shown. Information Enter the information requested on each page and click "Next". On the last page, click "Finish". If you have changed your e- mail address, you will shortly receive an e-mail with a link. You must follow this link to complete registration. If you do not complete registration, you cannot download updates for your Dran-View software.
10.18. Options Options When you select this command, the Options dialog box will be shown. This allows you to change many settings that govern the appearance and behavior of DranView. This dialog box contains the following pages. Event List Contains settings controlling the Event Tree and Event Box. Settings Contains many settings that govern the appearance and behavior of DranView.
10.18.1. Event List Page Event List Settings This page is also available by rightclicking the Event List Tab in the Event List Bar and selecting “Properties”. All settings on this page with the exception of "Font" is accessible through the Event Tree toolbar. Sort by Select a sort order for the Event Tree and the Event Box. Tree Select what grouping you wish the Event Tree and the Eve nt Box to have.
10.18.2. Restore Settings Page Restore Settings Select "All" or "Selected" to restore all or some of Dran-Views settings to their factory default values. If you select the "Selected" option, specify what settings to restore using the checkboxes. The default settings will be restored when you click the "OK" button. You may need to restart Dran-View for some options to be restored. 10.18.3.
10.18.4. File Extensions Page File Extensions This page allows you to associate file types with Dran-View. Double-clicking a file associated with Dran-View will open Dran-View and that file. DranView will associate all file types compatible at startup, if these types are not already associated with another application. Select the file types you wish Dran-View to gain ownership of, and click "OK". On some operating systems, you may have to restart your computer for these settings to take effect.
10.18.5. Settings Page Settings Page Dual pane windows Select if you want to have two views in each window (separated by a splitter control) or only one view per window. You must restart Dran-View if you changed this setting. Tabbed windows When this option is enabled, a row of tabs representing each window will appear. Clicking one of these tabs will activate that window. Tabbed views will allow you to quickly find a window.
Settings Page Compress files when saving This option is on by default. Deselecting it will cause DranView to save files faster (and open those saved files quicker), but the files will become larger. To see if a saved file is compressed, select File > Properties. Uncompressed files can be compressed by third party applications with reasonable results. Compressed files, on the other hand, can be reduced in size only marginally.
10.18.6. Used HASPs Page Used This page will display a list of the HASP HASPs Page keys used on this computer. The most recently used HASP key will be displayed at the top of the list. If you have problems with Dran-View, you may ask Customer Support for this information.
Chapter 11. 11.1. Duplicate Duplicate 11.2. Tile This command creates a copy of the current Main View window. This command will be unavailable if a Text Editor or Data List is active. Cascade Cascade 11.3. Windows Menu Use this command to arrange multiple opened windows in an overlapped fashion. Tile Use this command to vertically arrange multiple opened windows in a nonoverlapped fashion.
11.4. Arrange Icons Arrange Icons 11.5. Close All Close All 11.6. Use this command to arrange the icons for minimized windows at the bottom of the main window. If there is an open window at the bottom of the application window, then some or all of the icons may not be visible because they will be underneath this open window. This command will close all open windows and documents. If you have made any changes to these documents, you will be prompted to save.
11.7. Window Window Manager This command will display the window manager, used to administrate windows. To the left of this dialog box, a list of open windows appear. You can select one or more windows in this list. The following commands are available in the window manager. Activate Activates the selected window. This command will be unavailable if more than one window is selected. OK Closes the window manager. Save Saves the document in the selected window to which it belongs to.
Chapter 12. 12.1. Help Menu Help Topics Help Topics This command will display the Help menu. For quick help on a specific subject, you can also use the Context Help tool or position the pointer over the object you want help about, and press F1 on your keyboard. 12.2. Context Help Context Help Use this command to obtain help on some portion of Dran-View. When you choose the Context Help button, the pointer will change to an arrow and question mark , and the toolbar button will look like this: .
12.3. Dran-View Update Dran-View Update This command will show the Dran-View Update dialog box, where you can change the way Dran-View checks for updates, and manually check for updates. You must complete the registration guide to be able to use the update feature. Dran-View Update Dialog Below the radio buttons, you will see when Dran-View last successfully connected to the Internet and checked for updates. For site license, these options cannot be changed.
12.4. About DV6 About DV6 This command will display the About Dran-View dialog box, where you can see what version of Dran-View you are using and which extra options have been installed. For detailed information on memory usage, report and credits, click "More Info".
Chapter 13. 13.1. Charts Introduction Introduction The Main View Window contains two Views. Each of these views contains a frame. The frame is a container, which in Professional Edition may contain one or two charts. Other items are contained within charts. In Enterprise Edition, frames may contain any kind of objects, i.e. textboxes, charts, etc. Each chart is also a container and may contain the same type of items as the frame, with the exception that a chart cannot be contained within another chart.
Adding and Deleting Charts To add, and in Professional Edition, remove, a chart, select one of the following commands from the Object Toolbar, the "Insert" menu, or the pop-up menu. Insert Timeplot Chart Insert Waveform Chart Insert DFT Chart Insert Magnitude/Duration Chart When you create a chart, two text labels (header and footer) are also created. When you delete a chart, all items contained within it are also deleted. Press keyboard “Delete” or the to delete the selected chart.
13.2. Axes 13.2.1. Introduction to Axes Description Axes are reference points to curves in a chart. Dran-View will normally display time (most charts), duration (magnitude-duration charts), or frequency (DFT charts) along the X-axes (horizontal) while displaying values of channels along the Y-axes (vertical). Terms Both X- and Y-axes are displayed as a thick line with thinner, longer and shorter lines protruding from it.
Zooming Zooming an axis can be done in the following ways: • By using the Zoom In tool on the Chart or Classic Toolbar or in the Tools > Active Tool menu • By using the Zoom Out command on the Chart or Classic Toolbar or in the Tools > Active Tool menu • By using the Autoscale command on the Chart Toolbar or in the Tools > Active Tool menu • By using the Expand/Contract tool on the Chart Toolbar or in the Tools > Active Tool menu • By using the Unzoom All command on the Chart Toolbar or in the Tools > Acti
Settings There are two ways of changing the settings of the axes. If you double-click the chart (or rightclick on the chart and select Properties), the Chart-Properties dialog will be shown. Under the section “Appearance-Axis” you will find a page containing common settings for X and Y-axes, and how they are to be presented and formatted in the chart. If you double-click an axis (or rightclick on the axis and select Properties), the Axis-Properties dialog box will be shown.
13.2.2. Chart Properties Dialog – Axis Page Chart Properties Axis Page Overlaid/Stacked Toggle chart selection between Overlaid/Stacked mode. Customize Checking this option will enable the rest of the options in this box. Unchecking it will disable them. When this option is unchecked/disabled, creation of Y-axes in stacked mode will be done automatically. If you wish to manually specify how the chart should be stacked, check this option.
Chart Day of week Properties Axis Page (Continued) Color If this option is enabled, the weekday will be written under each main tick representing a new day on the X-axes. Clicking this button will open a dialog box where you can select the color of the axes lines. Font Clicking this button will open a dialog box where you can select the font type for the axes labels. PF zero point The At ± 1.0 will cause PF type Y-axes to range from 0 to 0 via ± 1.0. The At ± 0.
13.2.3. Axis Properties Dialog – General Page Axis Settings The Axes property page of a chart contains settings that apply to all axes belonging to that chart. This page is generally used for settings that affect all axes belonging to a chart. The axes' own property pages contain individual settings. The toolbar at the top of this page contains the following options. Axis Properties Dialog – General Page This option gives the axis a linear scale, i.e.
13.2.4. Axis Properties Dialog – Options Page Axis Settings This page is available only to Y-axes. Axis Properties Dialog – Options Page Automatic YAxes Unchecking this option will display the rest of the options on this page. Checking it will hide them. While this option is checked, creation of Y-axes in stacked mode will be done automatically. If you wish to manually specify how the chart should be stacked, check this option.
13.3. Delta Measurement 13.3.1. Chart Properties – Delta Page Introduction The Delta-Measurement Tool allows you to measure the relative distance between two points in the chart. You may only have one Delta- measurement active at a time. To measure the distanc e between two points, left-click over the first point in a chart while moving the pointer to the second point. Release the button when done. The distance between these two points on all axes will now be displayed in the chart as a delta marker.
13.4. Grid Introduction The grid is the collection of horizontal and vertical lines drawn across the chart to aid you in reading the data. By default, a line is drawn at each main tick of the leftmost Y-axis on the right side of the chart and the topmost X-axis below the chart. Settings The settings of the Grid are found in the Appearance-Grid Page in the Chart Properties dialog box, accessed by double-clicking the Chart or right clicking the chart and selecting "Properties" from the pop-up menu.
13.5. Event Rulers 13.5.1. Introduction to Event Rulers Description Event Ruler Event rulers appear above Timeplot, Event Details/Waveforms and Magnitude/Duration Charts. Each triangular icon represents one event. The icon representing the trigger time of the active event will be red with a black border . A darker background color (light yellow in these examples) indicates a higher concentration of events. The color used is the same as the background color of an event range in the chart.
13.6. Legends 13.6.1. Introduction to Legends Description A legend appears below each chart or in the case of Stacked Mode, below each Yaxis row. A legend contains one icon per channel showing the line, bar, or symbol used for the particular channel in the chart or pseudo-chart that it belongs to. This graphic representation is followed by the name of that channel. If there is more than one site present in the document, the name of the site will follow the channel na me.
13.6.2. Chart Properties Legend / Rulers Page Chart Properties Dialog – Legend/Rulers Page This page of the Chart properties dialog box contains settings for the Legends and Event Rulers. Font Click this button to open a dialog box where you can select the font type to use for the legends. Legend Properties: Show Check this option to display the legend. Uncheck to hide the legend. Event Ruler Properties: Show Check this option to display the event rulers. Uncheck to hide the event rulers.
13.7. Crosshair 13.7.1. Chart Properties Dialog – Crosshair Page Chart Properties Crosshair Page The crosshair settings are found in the Chart Properties dialog box, under the Appearance-Crosshair section. Using a full size crosshair may increase the readability of position coordinates of the pointing device. None This option will draw only the pointer of the selected tool when positioned over a chart.
13.8. Markers 13.8.1. Event Marker Event Marker The event marker is a colored area showing the extents of the currently active event. A dotted vertical line indicates the time when the event was triggered. 13.8.2. Area Marker Area Marker The area marker is a range of data you manually select using the Area Marker Tool.
13.8.3. Chart Properties – Markers Page Settings The settings of the Markers are found in the Appearance-Markers Page in the Chart Properties dialog box. Double-click the chart or right-click on the chart and select "Properties" from the pop-up menu to open the Chart Properties dialog box. Event marker: Color Click this button to open a dialog box where you can select the color used to mark the range of the active event in the chart background.
13.9. Channels 13.9.1. Introduction to Channels Terms Channels are graphical representations in a chart of measured data. Each channel consists of a collection of series with slightly different characteristics, for example a Min, an Avg, and a Max series. Example 1. This channel contains Min, Avg and Max series plus two threshold series (dashed) A channel may consist of one or several series of the following types: HalfMin Minimum value during a cycle values period of time.
Adding, Deleting and Moving Channels To add or remove a measured or calculated channel to a chart, click its checkbox on the Channels page in the chart's property dialog box. Access this box by right-clicking on the chart and selecting "Properties" from the pop-up menu. One page of this type will exist per channel category that contains any channels present in the selected site. One set of pages will exist per site present in your document. This button will check or uncheck ALL checkboxes in the page.
To hide all series of a specific kind, you can also click the "Hide/Show series" button. Disable the checkbox corresponding to that series’ type in the dialog box that appears. For instance, if you uncheck the “Value” series, all plotted channels within the chart will exclude the “Value” series, unless you expand a channel and manually check the corresponding checkbox. The settings in this dialog box are not limited to the current page. Changing this setting will affect all channels.
Selection To select a channel, click on the chart. Since this can be difficult at times, you can also click on the channel's icon in the legend. A selected channel should appear thicker in the chart as well as in the legend. Settings As mentioned above, the visibility settings for channels are found on the Channels pages and the Math Channels page (Enterprise Edition only) of the chart's property dialog box.
13.9.2. Channel Colors Page Chart Properties - Channel Colors Page This page allows you to change the appearance of channels. Channel List This list contains one entry per channel. An entry consists of the channel name and a sample line the channel is drawn in. The line color, style and thickness settings affect the channel(s) selected in this list. Color This option allows you to choose the color of the channel line or bar.
Channel Thresholds Colors Page (Continued) Click this button to open a dialog box where you can alter the appearance of threshold channels. Thresholds: Color This option allows you to choose the color of the threshold line. When you click this button, a dialog box will open where you can select a color for the threshold. This option will be disabled if the "Same color as channel" option is selected.
13.9.3. Channel Plotting Page Chart Properties - Channel Plotting Page This page allows you to change the appearance of the chart, and the way channels are drawn. The options in this page will change the appearance of all channels. If you wish to specify options individually for one or more channels, see Channel Properties. Chart Type List Select between 2D Line chart and 2D Bar chart. Changing this selection will alter the controls available in the "Options" group.
Channel 2D Bar chart: Options: Fill: Solid rectangle Plotting This option will draw each bar as a rectangle. This is slightly Page faster than the "Blended cylinder" option. (Continued) 2D Bar chart: Options: Fill: Blended cylinder This option will draw and shade each bar as a cylinder. 2D Bar chart: Options: Fill: Outline This option will surround each bar with a black rectangle, as well as draw a line between each Min/Max/Avg segment of the bar.
13.9.4. Channel Properties Channel Properties Dialog – General Page This page of the Channel Properties dialog box allows you to rename a channel and its unit. Renaming a channel Example: If you are measuring Temperature on one of your voltage channels, you may want to rename the channel to “Temperature” and change the unit to degrees Celsius/Fahrenheit. Channel In this text box, you can change the name of the channel. Unit In this text box, you can change the unit of the channel.
13.9.5. Channel Properties Dialog – Appearance Page Channel Properties The options in this page will only affect the selected channel. If you wish to change the chart style for all channels, Appearance do this in the Plotting Page of the charts Page properties dialog box. If you wish a channel to use these settings rather than the individual settings, select the "Same as Chart" option. This is the default setting. Line/Bar Toggle to plot channels as lines or as vertical bars.
Channel Properties Bar Outline Appearance Page Make this the new default (Continued) setting This option allows you to put a solid border around the bars. This option will be disabled if you selected the "Line" option. Select "Yes" or "No" from the combo box. Enable this checkbox and then click "OK" to store your settings as the new default. Always use this This option will be enabled if you select "Make this the new channel plotting default setting".
13.9.6. Channel Data Annotations (“Bubbles”) Description Data annotations are textual information attached to a sample or the event in which a sample belongs to. Enterprise Edition Only Terms The sample to which a text annotation belongs is called the attachment point. Similarly, the channel to which the attachment point belongs is called the attachment channel. Hiding the attachment channel also hides the note.
Data All setting for the data annotation are found in its property dialog box. To view this Annotation dialog box, select the data annotation, right-click on the chart, and select Settings. "Properties" from the pop- up menu. General Page This page of the dialog box works the same as the properties for the text box item. See separate chapter. You may use plain text and/or control codes to format text for Data Annotation. Appearance This page governs the appearance of the Page Data Annotation.
13.10. Math Channels Math Channels Enterprise Edition Only The main part of this page consists of a table containing one row per available math channel. The top- left cell contains a button used to toggle all math channels on/off. The checkbox on each row is used to show/hide an individual math channel. Double-clicking fields in the “Name” or “Unit” columns allows you to edit them. Duplicate names are not allowed. The “Formula” column contains buttons with the first part of each formula.
Math Channels (Continued) The “Status” column consists of one icon per math channe l. The icons have the following meanings: Icon Description Formula OK Explanation This formula can be or is calculated. Required channel not present A channel that is used in this formula cannot be found. Likely causes: § No such channel exists in this file § The channel referred to exists in another site § The channel name is misspelled No formula entered The formula is empty.
Math Channels (Continued) Enterprise Edition Only Import... Click this button to open a File Open dialog box where you can choose a DFF file to import. Importing a DFF file will add all formulas it contains to your system. If a formula within the DFF file has a name identical to an existing formula, the Duplicate Formulas dialog box will be shown. Export... Click this button to open a Save As dialog box where you can choose an existing DFF file, or specify a new file to be created.
13.10.1. Math Channel Formula Editor Math Channel Formula Editor This dialog box is used to create and edit math channels. Enterprise Edition Only Terms An Operator is an expression that does something to Operands. +,-,*,/ are examples of operators. 10, [Site 1.A-NVrms.VAL], SQRT(2) are examples of operands. Functions are generally regarded as operators but since by syntax they behave as operands (as complete expressions), they are categorized as operands in this text.
Formula Editor (Continued) Enterprise Edition Only Notes on syntax • The decimal delimiter is "." • Numbers may be entered as exponentials using "e", i.e "10.0e2" equals 100. • No other characters including "," and " " (space) may be used in numbers. • A left parenthesis "(" must follow a function name. • ";" is used as the parameter delimiter. • A right parenthesis ")" must follow the parameter list. • A function must be supplied with its correct number of parameters.
Formula Expressions are resolved according to the following priority: Editor 1. Parameters (Continued) 2. Functions Enterprise 3. Expressions within parentheses "(" and ")" Edition 4. The operators * and / Only 5. The operators + and Name Type the name of your function here. Formula names may only contain the letters a-z, the numbers 0-9, and underscores. They must begin with any letter from a- z. The name must also be unique, i.e. you cannot have two formulas with the same name.
Formula Information Editor (Continued) Enterprise Edition Only Numerals and This box contains one button for each number (0-9), the decimal Basic Operators delimiter ("."), the four basic operators (+,-,*,/), parentheses ("(", ")"), and the parameter delimiter (";"). Clicking any of these buttons will insert the character it depicts at the caret in the formula edit box.
13.11. Timeplot and Event Details/Waveform Chart Specific Information Specific These charts always have time on their X-axes. They display event rulers and event Information markers. Event markers are thin, vertical, dotted lines indicating the trigger time of the active event. The time range of the active event is also shown in a different color in these charts. To change the settings for these, go to the Markers page on the charts property dialog box.
13.12. DFT Chart Specific Information Specific DFT charts display harmonics data, calculated for a specific time range. DFT charts Information differ from the general description of charts in the following ways: • The DFT chart defaults to bar graph. • The DFT chart has frequency or harmonic index along the X-axis. • The DFT chart footer contains DFT data as opposed to event data by default. • The data displayed in the chart is calculated by Dran-View based on the measured waveforms.
13.13. Magnitude/Duration Chart Specific Information Description Magnitude/Duration charts display the magnitude-duration relations of sags, dips, swells, and interruptions as scatter plots. Magnitude/Duration charts differ from the general description of charts in the following ways: • Magnitude/Duration charts do not display the measured values, but the duration of deviations from their nominal values. • Magnitude/Duration charts have duration along their X-axes.
13.14. Magnitude/Duration Limit Curve Page Limit Page This page is the shown if you doubleclick a Magnitude/Duration chart (or right click and select Properties from the pop-up menu). Select Limit Curve This list contains the standard limit curves delivered with DranView and any customized limit curves you may have created in this dialog box. Nominal Voltage: Edit the “Volts” field to the proper Nominal Voltage. Site In the Enterprise Edition, you may have several sites.
Chapter 14. 14.1. Phasors Introduction Description A phasor shows the phase angle and relative magnitude for each channel for one selected harmonic during a specific time interval. CV AV BV A B V 0° 240° Terms C 120° A phasor arrow is the arrow representing the average value of one channel. A phasor range is the colored area representing the minimum and maximum values of the phase angle for one channel. The grid is the support line, drawn to aid the reading of the phasor arrows.
Time Range The phasor determines the time-range to use for calculations in the following order: 1. If its parent is a DFT Chart, the same range as its parents will be used. 2. If its parent is an Event Details/Waveform Chart that contains an active Area Marker, the range of the Area Marker is used. 3. If 2 is not the case, the time range of the active event is used (if this is a full cycle). 4.
14.2. Phasor Properties Dialog – Basic Page Basic Settings The phasor settings are available in two modes: Basic and Advanced. The page to the left shows the Basic mode. Parameters These checkboxes allow you to choose whether to display voltage or current information, or both. Site This combo box allows you to choose what site you wish to display information from. The "Auto" option will display information from the site to which the active event belongs.
14.3. Phasor Properties Dialog – General Page Advanced Settings The phasor settings are available in two modes: Basic and Advanced. General Page The page to the left shows the Advanced mode. In this mode three pages are available. This page also includes all settings on the General Page. These options are not listed here. Parameters Under the "Voltage" option, three radio buttons allow you to select between data based on line-to-line or line to neutral wave shapes, if both are available.
Advanced Settings Show Delta Phi This option will show the difference between the phase angles of the voltage and current channels for each phase in the phasor footer. Both voltage and current must be selected under "Parameters" for this information to be displayed. It will appear on a separate row with a label consisting of the Greek letters DF (∆φ). Basic Mode This option will exchange this page for the Basic Page, and hide the Appearance Page and the Harmonics Setup Page.
14.4. Phasor Properties Dialog – Appearance Page Advanced Settings This page is only available in advanced mode. Appearance Page Transparent Min/Max sectors This option will only be available if you have selected "Show Min/Max Range" on the General Page. When this option is enabled, overlapping ranges will be drawn in a blended color. When it is disabled, each sector will be drawn with a smaller radius than the last.
Advanced Settings Labels in phasor color When this option is enabled, each label identifying a phasor arrow will be drawn in the same color as the arrow itself. This will also apply to numerical values in the footer. Appearance Page (Continued) Font Click this button to open a dialog where you can choose the font type to use for the text labels, angle labels, and phasor footer. Show Grid This option will enable a grid to ease interpretation of phasor arrows and ranges.
Chapter 15. 15.1. Pictures Introduction Pictures Enterprise Edition Only Description Picture objects are used to display user-defined pictures in Dran-View. Adding, Deleting and Moving Pictures To add a picture, select “Insert Picture” from the Object Toolbar, "Insert " menu, or the pop- up menu. An Open File dialog box will be shown where you can select the picture you want to use. You can also cut or copy part of an image from another application and paste it into the main view.
15.2. Picture Properties Dialog Picture Settings All settings for pictures are available in their property dialog box. Double-click or right-click on the picture and select Enterprise "Properties" from the pop-up menu to Edition Only open this dialog box. Width Specify your desired picture width in % of the original. Height Specify your desired picture height in % of the original.
Chapter 16. 16.1. Statistics Table Introduction Statistics Tables Description Statistics tables are used to display peak values or statistics for each channel or series in its parent chart. If the statistics table parent is not a chart, no data will be displayed. Adding, To add a statistics table, select Insert Statistics Table from the Object Toolbar, Deleting "Insert" menu, or the pop-up menu.
16.2. Statistics Table Properties Dialog – General Page Statistics Table Settings General Page The statistics table may present four different types of tables: • Peak values • Statistics • Energy calculations • Phase Table One row per series Table type: Peak Values When this option is enabled, separate statistics is shown for each series. If disabled, min, max, average, etc. values are compounded for the entire channel.
16.3. Statistics Table Properties Dialog – Appearance Page Statistics Table Settings This page allows you to customize the appearance of the Statistics Table. Appearance Page Grid same color as chart grid When this option is enabled, the borders of each cell in the statistics object are drawn in the same color as the chart grid. If it is disabled, the color button below this option will be enabled. Click this button to display a dialog box where you can choose a color for the grid. Font...
Chapter 17. 17.1. Text Boxes Introduction Description Text boxes are used to display text in Dran-View. The text can be a mix of Enterprise your custom text and control codes to Edition automate presentation of information. Only Text Boxes are commonly used as Headers and Footers in cha rts. Adding, To add a text box, select “Insert Text Box” from the Object Toolbar, "Insert" Deleting menu, or the pop- up menu.
17.2. Text Box Properties Dialog – General Page Text Boxes General Page Simple mode Advanced mode This property page is common to “Text Box” and “Data Annotation” items. The toolbar at the top of this page contains the following options: This option aligns the text to the left. This option centers the text. This option aligns the text to the right. This command opens a dialog box where you can choose the font type to use in the label.
Text Boxes Advanced General Options Page (Continued) Texts To show these options, check the "Advanced" checkbox at the bottom of the page. To hide options, uncheck this checkbox. The list contains Dran-View's standard texts, as well as any standard text that you created. Whenever a chart is created, two text labels are created with it. The labels are located above and below the chart. These are called the Header and Footer respectively.
Text Boxes Texts General Administrate Page button (Continued) Press this button to open the "What do you want to do?" dialog box containing the following four options: • "Write To..." Selecting this option and clicking "OK" will bring up a dialog box where you can select an already existing standard text to overwrite. This will affect all labels containing the selected standard text. This option will only be available if you have entered a text that does not exist as standard text.
Text Boxes Formats General Page (Continued) The list contains Dran-View's standard fonts, as well as any standard fonts that you created. The information on the Appearance Page is also stored with the font information. The standard fonts have the following default names, fonts and appearances. Default name Large Font Medium Font Small Font Data Annotation Default value Black, bold, Arial, 14 Black, Arial, 11 Black, Arial, 8 Black, Arial, 8 Default appearance Fill disabled, no frame.
Control Codes Control codes are replaced by data depending on code or situation. You can enter a control code manually into the main text box or you can choose one from the "Insert Function" dialog box. To access this dialog box, press the "Insert Function" button. There is no limit to how many control codes you can have in each label.
Control Code Codes (Continued) $EVTNAME Content: "Insert Function" description Event Name Availability Always Displays the name of the active event. Data annotations refer to the event in the sample to which it is attached to, rather than the active event. $EVTDET Content: Event Details Always Displays detailed data about the active event, if available. The contents of this data may vary between event types and instruments.
Control Code Codes (Continued) $PRNDATE Content: $SITE Content: "Insert Function" description Print Date Availability While printing only The date the text was printed. Site Always The name of the site to which the active event belongs to. Data annotations refer to the event in the sample to which it is attached to, rather than the active event. $XDATA Content: $YDATA Content: X-value of selected point Data Annotation only The X-value of the sample the data annotation is attached to.
17.3. Text Box Properties Dialog – Appearance Page Appearance This page governs the appearance of the Page Text Box (or Data Annotation Bubble). Fill Enable Enable this checkbox if you want the label to have a solid background color, rather than a transparent background. Fill Color If you selected the "Fill" option, click this button to select the desired background color. A dialog box will open where you can select a color. Arrow Type This option is only available to data annotations.
Chapter 18. Working With Multiple Sites ! All commands and information in this chapter relates to the Enterprise Edition Only Site A site is intended as a conceptual geographic location. The ability to have multiple sites in Dran-View allows you to view two or more sets of data simultaneously in the same document, and perform comparative analyses between them. Adding a site rather than appending it to an existing site keeps channels, events, etc. as separate entities.
18.2. Synchronizing Sites Synchronize Sites Once you have added sites to your document, you may need to synchronize their clock times or compensate for clock drift. This is usually not required for Signature System sites, as they have built- in time synchronization. To align sites, enable “One X-axis per Site” from the X-axis popup menu.
Synchronize Sites (Continued) 1) This is what our sites look like before we synchronize them. The times seem to line up when looking at a large portion of the file. 2) Zooming in a bit further reveals that the sites are not perfectly synchronized. 5) Again enabling ‘One 6) A closer look at a X-axis per site’, we half-cycle after this align the waveforms. adjustment. 3) After having enabled ‘One X-axis per site’, we have now moved the axes so that the event we are looking at align in the two sites.
Adjusting for clock drift If you have two or more sites and one or more of their clocks are too fast or too slow, first align their starting times as described above. Once you have done this, repeat the procedure with a point near the end of each file, but use “Apply clock drift adjustment” from the X-axis popup menu instead of apply clock offset. This should compensate for each site’s clock drift. The time indicated in the topmost x-axis is used.
18.3. Items Display How Items Display Data From Many Sites Items work more or less in the same way, whether you have one or more sites in your document. The few differences are outlined below: Text boxes: Control codes will display data for the first file opened, except for DFT data, which will be displayed for all sites. Statistics: Data for all sites will be displayed. Pictures: Multiple sites do not affect pictures.
18.4. Multiple Sites in the Event List Event List When you have more than one site, you may select ‘Group by Site’ in the “Group By” menu of the event list. This will create top-level nodes for each site in the document. Using the ‘+’ and ‘-’ keys on your keyboard to change events will bring you to the next or previous event in the same site as the currently selected event. While using the arrow keys will activate the next event in the list regardless of site.
18.5. Multiple Sites and Tools File - Report When running the File > Report Writer command, select to create one report per Writer site, or select one particular site to create a report for. View Instrument Setup When running the View > Instrument Setup command, one configuration report will be created for each site present in your document. The reports will be arranged in the order they were added. View-Goto These commands will take you to the first, previous, next, etc.
Chapter 19. 19.1. Notes and Appendices Notes on Harmonics How does Dran-View do harmonic analysis? 19.1.1. Harmonic Analysis -A Brief Overview The essential concept of harmonic analysis is that a band limited, periodic, time domain signal may be equally expressed as a summation of harmonically related sine and cosine functions. To do this, the harmonic amplitudes and phase angle offsets of the sine/cosine functions must be chosen properly.
19.1.2. A word about conventions To minimize confusion, Dran-View expresses all phase information as an unsigned positive angle, in degrees modulo 360. The author has found it wise to follow this convention religiously. Failure to do so will usually result in incorrect (or confusing) results. In all the equations in this document, all symbolic variables used on the right side of the equation are inherently, or have been resolved to, positive unsigned numbers.
An is the peak amplitude of the nth harmonic sine/cosine. In Dran-View you may read rms amplitudes from the DFT Chart, a Text Label containing either the $DFTDETAILSFULL or $DFTDETAILSBASIC control codes, or a Phasor. These values may be converted to peak form by multiplying them by the square root of two.
Expressed in the cos(ωt-δ) form preferred by mathematicians these phasor angles would become 90, 210 and 330, respectively. Confusing, to say the least. Most nonmathematicians visualize and speak of sine waves not cosine waves. Phasors in the power industry almost always come from sine transforms. NOTE: In the expansions above (and throughout most of this document) the contribution of the DC component (harmonic zero) has been ignored.
Normalized Phase A = 343 - 343 = 0 Normalized Phase B = 223 - 343 = -120 + 360 = 240 Normalized Phase C = 103 - 343 = -240 + 360 = 120 Note that for phases B and C we add 360 degrees back in because, by convention, we always resolve angles to positive modulo 360. If we were to use these normalized angles in the sine expansion equation given above to generate f(t), we would get approximately the original signals except that their time origins would be shifted left 343 degrees.
Where: b=1 if you wish the sign of the expression ωt ±δ to be the same for the normalized expansion as it was in the UN normalized expansion (i.e., if the un normalized expansion used sin(ωt ±δ) and the normalized expansion used sin (ωt ±δ Normalized), then b=1). Otherwise, b=(-1). For example, in Dran-View the expansion is changed from cos(ωt -δ) to cos (ωt +δ Normalized), here b=(-1). δn is the nth harmonic phase angle.
19.1.5. Equations to recompute waveforms from Normalized Transforms f( t ) = normalized cosine transform f( t ) = normalize sine transform The above equations will generate the original signal just like the equations shown for un-normalized transforms. Note that if you drop the nφ term from either equation, what remains would be the equation required to redraw the original signal phase shifted φ modulo 360 degrees (of the fundamental). 19.1.6.
19.1.7. Important Notes about θ: Because cos(θ) is equal to cos (-θ) the computation of watts is correct if you reference current to volts or volts to current, either way. As we shall see, this flexibility sets the stage for endless confusion. The reactive power, VAR, is computed as sin( θ). Since sin (-θ) is equal to –sin(θ) we can see that the computation of VAR is greatly affected by how you compute the phase difference, θ, between volts and current.
The following example illustrates what happens if you fail to exercise care when doing power calculations. Given a capacitive load with a voltage signal expressed as sin (ωt + .2°) and a current signal expressed as sin (ωt + 35°) we can compute the watts as cos (.2 - 35° + 360°) = cos (325.2°) = .82 watts. The VAR is computed as sin (325.2°) = -.57 VAR.
19.1.9. Harmonic Watts In a non-sinusoidal system it turns out that dissimilar voltage and current harmonics do not interact to generate useable power. You can readily convince yourself of this by graphically sketching the power curve resulting from a fundamental voltage signal and a second harmonic of current. The power curve results from a point by point multiplication of the two signals. The average power results from dividing the area under the curve by the total time.
19.2. Weighted Statistics The samples inside the current time limits are sorted in ascending sample magnitude order along with their associated durations. A given sample is assumed to be the best estimate of line conditions until a new sample comes along to replace it. Therefore its duration (or weighting) is given as the time difference between the sample and the next sample. Starting at the lowest sample magnitude the associated sample durations are summed.