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ple in the instance of lighting the addition of natural light. When
calculating energy usage, consideration should also be paid to
the outdoor climate, local conditions, the demands on the indoor
climate (e.g. EN 12464-1) and cost eciency.
Exemption
The member states may decide themselves to exempt buildings with
ocial protection as a part of a selected environment. They can also
be exempted on account of their special architectural or historical
value if the demands result in unacceptable changes to their distinc-
tive features or appearance.
Exemptions can also be given
to churches or other buildings
used for spiritual and religious
activities.
Other buildings not included
are temporary buildings (in-
tended to be used for two years
or less), industries, workshops
and agricultural buildings with
a low energy requirement that are not intended as dwellings and
which are used within a sector not encompassed by a national sector
agreement concerning energy performance.
Single family houses (weekend cottages or residential properties)
intended for use less than four months per year or freestanding
buildings with an over all usable floor area of less than 50 m
2
are
also exempt.
Energy directive 2002/91/EC
On January 4, 2006 a new EU directive – Energy Performance of
Buildings, 2002/91/EC (EC stands for European Communities) came
into force. The directive means buildings must be declared with
regard to the total energy consumption. The building's energy con-
sumption must be calculated and declared in advance and applies to
all energy consumption – lighting, heating, cooling, ventilation, etc.
The aim is to promote an improvement in the energy performance
in buildings within the EU and in doing so reduce the discharge of
climate-influencing gases, exactly as stated in the Kyoto agreement.
At the same time a reduction in the use of energy is also sought.
The directive has been drawn up to promote improvements
related to energy performance at the same time as local conditions
are taken into consideration. Southern Europe does not face the
same conditions as the Northern Europe.
The directive has the aim to improve the eciency of energy
usage in Europe as a part of the EU’s measures to satisfy the Kyoto
Agreement concerning the reduction of greenhouse gases.
In England and Wales the implementation of the directive started
in April 2006 with the amendment to Part L of the building regula-
tions. Further amendments are set to come into force in October
2010.
The EC directive means that “all” properties are to be declared with
regard to energy consumption. An implementation time up to 2009
Energy Usage Declaration
The EC directive stipulates what is to be done. A declaration of
energy usage must be made for buildings within the EU.
Demands are established in the directive concerning:
The general framework for a calculation methodology for the •
buildings’ integrated energy performance.
Implementation of minimum requirements for the energy per-•
formance of new buildings.
The implementation of minimum requirements for the energy •
performance in existing large buildings that undergo major reno-
vation.
Energy declaration (certification) of buildings.•
Regular control of boilers and air conditioning systems in buildings •
and an evaluation of heating installations if the boilers in it are
older than 15 years.
The energy declaration is only a part of what the directive decrees,
yet it is the part that has the greatest eect on the property owners.
The law states that all owners of buildings are obliged to draw
up an energy declaration when a building is built, sold, rented or
transferred. A declaration is valid for ten years and must be drawn
up by accredited energy experts appointed by the building owner.
This includes data about energy consumption, reference values and
recommendations about how the building's energy usage can be
made more ecient.
In the annex to the Directive it cites the importance of applying
positive factors, which should be used where possible, for exam-
is expected on account of the need to train inspectors. The directive
stipulates that aected buildings will be classified and considera-
tion must be taken of all types of energy, daylight, ventilation etc.
The directive necessitates that consideration must be paid to how
the installed output is used over time with the value to be declared
in kWh/m² per year. The factors to be included in the calculation are
stated in the directive's annex, while section 1(e) as follows: “Inbuilt
lighting installations (primarily the sector that is not intended for
residential purposes)”. When planning a lighting scheme ecient
energy usage over time and the use of controls must be considered
in addition to the visual performance of the lighting.
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