Technical information

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Dimming
Possibilities
Modern lighting control systems can improve the quality of the light-
ing. Using dimmable luminaires means the lighting is targeted in the
right place, at the right time and at the right intensity. In combina-
tion with light sensors daylight can be utilised which saves energy. In
many buildings the lighting requirement changes several times during
the course of a day. The application of light control is therefore an
important factor in areas such as, conference rooms and restaurants.
An installation with pre-programmed lighting levels, lighting scenes,
together with a remote control allows the lighting systems in these
types of premises to be utilised to the full.
Constant light level – e-Sense
Many of Fagerhult’s luminaire models can be fitted with a light sen-
sor. Using the sensor, the level of artificial light is adjusted according
to the daylight. An increase in daylight turns down the artificial light-
ing, which saves energy. This means the illuminance on the wor king
surface can be maintained at a constant level irrespec tive of the time
of day. Sensor operation varies a little between dierent manufac-
turers. More advanced sensors also oer more functionality such as
occupancy detection and IR-receiver.
Occupancy detection – e-Sense
Occupancy detectors register, using thermal radiation from individu-
als, movement within the supervised area. The supervised area is
only lit when occupied. Greater sensitivity is needed on an occupancy
detector for indoor lighting than for corresponding outdoor lighting
as the detector must also detect small movements from an inactive
person. Sensors for occupancy detection are also available combined
with other functions such as light level control and IR-receiver.
Dividing into channels
Today’s modern light control systems permit several luminaire groups
or channels to be controlled centrally from one or more places. Using
a traditional control unit, such as a dimmer integrated in a pattress
box, all luminaires connected to the same channel are regulated. This
is known as 1-channel control. With more advanced systems dierent
channels can be embraced and controlled individually or together.
Lighting scenes
Light control systems also oer the possibility to save pre-selected
lighting scenes. These scenes can either be divided up on a channel
level or in combination with a master system that controls all the
channels in the system. The required lighting scenes are selected via
wall panels or remote controls, and the system automatically sets the
pre-selected lighting level for each lighting group.
Control via computer
Digital control gear can be controlled via an interface from a com-
puter via a software programme which provides the opportunity to
control lighting systems in the same way as using wall panels. The
DALI-system needs to be programmed and larger systems are ideally
programmed using a computer. The leading manufacturers have
developed software, which can be downloaded free of charge from
their websites on the Internet.
Glossary
Dimming
Variable regulation of the luminous intensity.
Light control
System that controls individual luminaire groups and/or complete systems.
HF-ballast for dimming
Control gear that via a separate control circuit allows dimming.
Digital light control
Control signals between the units are transferred in the form of digital commands.
Commands in digital form are less sensitive to disturbances than analogue systems.
Analogue control
Analogue systems are usually based on 1–10 V DC between the controller and lumi-
naire. The system either regulates the voltage or resistance in the control circuit.
The length of the control conductor can aect the control result.
Phase control (impulse)
A system based on control of the lighting level via 240 V (for example, with the help
of a momentary wall switch or with an integrated pull cord switch in the luminaire).
Known best as switchDIM. The system requires 4 conductors to the luminaire if a wall
switch is used.
Addressed control
The units in the system can be individually addressed enabling them to be controlled
independently of each other. The digital DALI protocol is addressable.
Multi-channel control
An installation can be divided into dierent groups, channels, which can be controlled
independent of each other or together.
Lighting scenes
A pre-selected lighting eect/arrangement that can be easily recalled if necessary.
Constant light level
The system attempts to maintain the luminous intensity within the required area (for
example, under the luminaire) at a constant level. The level of the artificial lighting is
aected by the incident daylight. Used to save energy.
Occupancy detector
A detector that senses an individual’s thermal radiation. A movement within the detec-
tor’s supervised area switches on the luminaire. An integrated timer switches o the
luminaire if no movement is detected within the sensor’s supervised area.
IR-receiver
Receives the remote control’s signals and transfers these to the system. Usually inte-
grated in a wall panel or multisensor.
Multisensor
Sensor that usually includes the functions constant light level, occupancy detector and
IR-receiver.
Remote control gives freedom
The right lighting scene or light level can be easily set using a remote
control. Even individual control of channels is possible. Naturally all
lighting can be switched on and o with the remote control. Remote
controls usually function via infrared light. There are also systems
available on the market that only switch the lighting on and o.
The DALI-system can be programmed with a remote control but for
larger systems programming from a PC with appropriate software is
preferable.
Technical limitations
Some systems for lighting control require a separate central or master
units. However in the DALI-system the logic is distributed amongst
components in the system, thus a separate central control unit is
not required. Luminaires require a special control circuit, a two way
control conductor, which may require older lighting systems to be
supplemented. Older light control systems can usually be upgraded
with new luminaires by using an interface that converts, for example,
analogue signals to digital.
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