Service Manual

Figure 35. IGMP Messages in IP Packets
Join a Multicast Group
There are two ways that a host may join a multicast group: it may respond to a general query from its querier or it may send an
unsolicited report to its querier.
Responding to an IGMP Query
The following describes how a host can join a multicast group.
1. One router on a subnet is elected as the querier. The querier periodically multicasts (to all-multicast-systems address 224.0.0.1)
a general query to all hosts on the subnet.
2. A host that wants to join a multicast group responds with an IGMP Membership Report that contains the multicast address of
the group it wants to join (the packet is addressed to the same group). If multiple hosts want to join the same multicast group,
only the report from the rst host to respond reaches the querier and the remaining hosts suppress their responses (For how
the delay timer mechanism works, refer to Adjusting Query and Response Timers).
3. The querier receives the report for a group and adds the group to the list of multicast groups associated with its outgoing port
to the subnet. Multicast trac for the group is then forwarded to that subnet.
Sending an Unsolicited IGMP Report
A host does not have to wait for a general query to join a group. It may send an unsolicited IGMP Membership Report, also called an
IGMP Join message, to the querier.
Leaving a Multicast Group
The following describes how a host can leave a multicast group.
1. A host sends a membership report of type 0x17 (IGMP Leave message) to the all routers multicast address 224.0.0.2 when it no
longer cares about multicast trac for a particular group.
2. The querier sends a Group-Specic Query to determine whether there are any remaining hosts in the group. There must be at
least one receiver in a group on a subnet for a router to forward multicast trac for that group to the subnet.
3. Any remaining hosts respond to the query according to the delay timer mechanism (refer to Adjusting Query and Response
Timers). If no hosts respond (because there are none remaining in the group), the querier waits a specied period and sends
another query. If it still receives no response, the querier removes the group from the list associated with forwarding port and
stops forwarding trac for that group to the subnet.
IGMP Version 3
Conceptually, IGMP version 3 behaves the same as version 2. However, there are dierences.
• Version 3 adds the ability to lter by multicast source, which helps multicast routing protocols avoid forwarding trac to subnets
where there are no interested receivers.
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Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)