Redundant System Controllers RCP2-1100/RCP2-1200 FPRC-1100/FPRC-1200 Operations Manual RCP2-1100, 1:1 Redundant System Controller RCP2-1200, 1:2 Redundant System Controller FPRC-1100, 1:1 Phase Combined System Controller FPRC-1200, 1:2 Phase Combined System Controller Teledyne Paradise Datacom LLC 328 Innovation Blvd., Suite 100 State College, PA 16803 USA Email: sales@paradisedata.com 209351 REV B Phone: (814) 238-3450 Fax: (814) 238-3829 Web: www.paradisedata.
Teledyne Paradise Datacom, a Teledyne Telecommunications company, is a single source for high power solid state amplifiers (SSPAs), Low Noise Amplifiers (LNAs), Block Up Converters (BUCs), and Modem products. Operating out of two primary locations, Witham, United Kingdom, and State College, PA, USA, Teledyne Paradise Datacom has a 20 year history of providing innovative solutions to enable satellite uplinks, battlefield communications, and cellular backhaul. Teledyne Paradise Datacom 328 Innovation Blvd.
Table of Contents Table of Contents ..................................................................................................................... 3 Section 1: General Information ............................................................................................... 9 1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 9 1.1 Description ................................................................................
3.2.2 Auto Mode ............................................................................................... 24 3.2.3 Physically Rotating Transfer Switch ........................................................ 24 3.3 Local (Front Panel) Menu Structure ........................................................................ 25 3.3.1 Sys Info .................................................................................................... 26 3.3.1.1 Sys Info - Page 1 ...................................
Section 4: System Setup & Control with RCP ...................................................................... 41 4.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 41 4.1 Operation of 1:1 System with RCP2-1100 .............................................................. 41 4.1.1 LNA / LNB 1:1 Redundant System Operation ......................................... 42 4.1.1.1 LNA/LNB Fault Tracking .................................
Section 7: Remote Control Interface ..................................................................................... 71 7.0 Overview ................................................................................................................. 71 7.1 Remote Control - Parallel ....................................................................................... 72 7.1.1 Control Outputs ....................................................................................... 72 7.1.2 Control Inputs ..
Appendix A: Ethernet Interface Quick Set-Up ................................................................... 111 Appendix B: Proper 10/100 Base-T Ethernet Cable Wiring .............................................. 115 Appendix C: RCP Control with Paradise Datacom Universal M&C.................................. 119 Appendix D: Firmware Revision History ............................................................................ 123 Appendix E: Documentation ...............................................
Figure 7-13: Terminal Mode Example ........................................................................... 94 Figure 7-14: UDP Redirect Frame Example ................................................................. 96 Figure 7-15: Web interface screen ................................................................................ 98 Figure 7-16: GetIF Application Parameters Tab .........................................................
Section 1: General Information 1.0 Introduction This section provides the general information for the Teledyne Paradise Datacom LLC line of Redundant Control Panels. The RCP2-1100 and RCP2-1200 are used for 1:1 and 1:2 redundant systems, respectively. The FPRC-1100 and FPRC-1200 are used for Phase Combined Solid State Power Amplifier (SSPA) systems. This section describes the supplied equipment and safety precautions. 1.
Optional Equipment includes: • Rack Slides • 100 ft. (30 m ) Control Cable • Switch Plate Mating Connector • DC Operation 1.3 Specifications Refer to the specification sheets in Appendix E for complete specifications on the RCP2/FPRC Redundant System Controllers. 1.3.1 Outline Drawings Figure 1-1 shows an outline drawing of an RCP2-1100 redundant controller.
1.4 Safety Considerations Potential safety hazards exist unless proper precautions are observed when working with this unit. To ensure safe operation, the user must follow the information, cautions and warnings provided in this manual as well as the warning labels placed on the unit. 1.4.1 High Voltage Hazards High Voltage for the purpose of this section is any voltage in excess of 30 volts. Voltages above this value can be hazardous and even lethal under certain circumstances.
1.4.3 Electrical Discharge Hazards A spark can not only create ESD reliability problems, it can also cause serious safety hazards. The following precautions should be taken when there is risk of electrical discharge: • • • • • • 12 Follow all ESD guidelines Remove all flammable material and solvents from the area. All probes and tools that contact the equipment should be properly insulated to prevent electrical discharge. The work area should be secure and free from non-essential items.
Section 2: Description 2.0 Introduction This section provides information for the initial inspection, installation, and external connections for the RCP2/FPRC series redundant system controllers. 2.1 Inspection When the unit is received, an initial inspection should be completed. First ensure that the shipping container is not damaged. If it is, have a representative from the shipping company present when the container is opened.
2.4.1 Control Cable Connector (J3) - MS3112E16-23S The primary connection between the controller and the LNA/LNB (Low Noise Amplifier/ Low Noise Block Converter) switch plate or SSPA (Solid State Power Amplifier) switch assembly is through J3. The connector is a 23-pin circular connector, type MS3112E16 -23S (See Figure 2-2 and Table 2-1). For external waveguide switches, a standard 100 ft. (30m) cable, L201061 should be used.
2.4.3 Serial Port, Local (J5) - DB9 (M) The local serial port is used to support special transceiver systems and remote control panels. The baud rate of this port is fixed at 9600 Baud and cannot be changed. J5 is permanently configured for RS-485 half duplex communication. Table 2-3 details the local serial port pin-out.
Table 2-4: Parallel I/O Signals Identification Signal Pin 1 Function Closed on Fault Amp 1 Alarm Output 20 Common 2 Open on Fault 21 Closed on Fault 3 Common 22 Open on Fault 4 Closed on Fault 23 Common 5 Open on Fault 24 Closed on Manual 6 Common 25 Closed on Auto 7 Closed on Local 26 Common Amp 2 Alarm Amp 3 Alarm Auto / Manual Mode Local / Remote Mode Switch #1 Position Switch #2 Position Power Supply #1 Alarm Power Supply #2 Alarm Priority Setting Output Output
2.4.6 External Alarm Port (J8) - DB9 (F) [IO Board Version 001] An external alarm port is provided to allow maximum flexibility of configurations. This allows the user to interface with the alarm output of other equipment into the RCP controller. Inputs are protected against ESD of ±15 kV using the Human Body model; against ESD of ±8kV using the Contact Discharge method specified in IEC1000-4-2; and against ESD of ±15 kV using the Air Gap method described in IEC1000-4-2.
2.5 Prime Power Connection (J1, J2) Two separate removable power supplies are provided for fully redundant operation. Either of the two supplies is capable of operating the system and its associated switches. Two AC power connectors are provided on the rear panel (J1,J2). 2.6 Removable Power Supply Modules The RCP unit has a redundant power supply array consisting of two modules.
2.6.2 24V Power Supply Module, High Power option Figure 2-4 shows an outline drawing of a power supply module for units utilizing the High Power (-HP) option. Figure 2-4: Removable Power Supply Module, High Power option The following list comprises the specifications for the standard power supply module: Plug: IEC, 250V, 10A, Male plug Fuse: 2 Amp 5x20mm Power Supply: 85-264 V input, 28V output, 175W Fan: 40mm, 24V, 4.9 CFM Connector to RCP chassis: Quick-connect Power pole See Section 6.
2.6.3 48V Power Supply Module Figure 2-5 shows an outline drawing of a 48V power supply module. Figure 2-5: 48V Removable Power Supply Module The following list comprises the specifications for the 48V power supply module: Plug: MS3112E10-6P Circular MIL connector, 6-pin (MS3116F10-6S mating) Circuit Breaker: 6 Amp Power Supply: 48V, 150W Connector to RCP chassis: Quick-connect Power pole See Section 6.4 for directions on identifying and replacing a failed power supply module.
Section 3: Front Panel Overview & Operation 3.0 Introduction The front panel is used to locally control the system. Figure 3-1 shows the front panel of a 1 RU RCP2/FPRC controller. FAULT INDICATOR PANEL SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION LABEL SIGNAL PATH MIMIC DISPLAY AMPLIFIER SELECT KEYS MAIN MENU KEY VACUUM FLOURESCENT DISPLAY AUTO/MANUAL TOGGLE NAVIGATION BUTTONS LOCAL/REMOTE TOGGLE Figure 3-1: RCP2/FPRC Front Panel, showing RCP2-1200 Mimic Display 3.0.
RCP2-1100 ∑ FPRC-1100 RCP2-1200 FPRC-1200 Figure 3-3: Signal Path Mimic Display 3.0.4 Amplifier Select Keys The Amplifier Select Keys on the mimic display panel allow the user to select the online converter. These buttons can also be used to manually switch the standby converter on line when in manual mode. The on-line amplifier is designated by the illuminated green LED. 3.0.
3.0.7 Local / Remote Key The Local / Remote Key selects whether the controller is operational by front panel (local) control or by remote control. Remote control includes both the rear panel parallel control signals as well as the serial communication. 3.0.8 Auto / Manual Key This key selects between Auto and Manual Switching Mode. In Auto mode a converter failure will result in automatic switching of the system’s transfer switches.
3.1 Local / Remote control Control of the RCP/FPRC can be handled through Front Panel operation, or remotely through Parallel or Serial communication to a computer. For local (front panel) operation of the controller, simply toggle the Local/Remote key until the yellow LED indicator is illuminated on Local. When in Remote mode the front panel buttons will be inoperative. The indicators and VFD display will still show the status of the system.
3.3 Local (Front Panel) Menu Structure Figure 3-4 shows the VFD Menu Structure hierarchy. There are six main levels of menu selections. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Sys.Info – System Information menu sublevel Com.Setup – Serial Communication related settings Operation – System operation related settings Flt.Setup – Fault handling settings Options – Miscellaneous settings and functions Calibr. – Calibration related functions er Lay u en fo M n I to ck Ba 1.Sys Info Informative Menu Layer Main Menu 2.Com Setup 3.
Main M enu Main M enu 1.Sys.Info 2.Com Setup PS1: XXXXXX PS2: XXXXXX System: XXXXXX Aux: XXXXXX Prtcl: XXXXXX Baud: XXXXX Intfc: XXXXXX SysAddr: XXX Track: XXXXXX Prior: XXXXXX Ctrl: XXXXXX Mode: XXXXXX SW1: XXXXXX SW2: XXXXXX 5.IP Setup 1.IPInfo IPAddr:XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX MAC:XXXXXXXXXXXXXX Subnet:XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX Port:XXXXX Logic: XXX Latch: XXX Gateway:XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX LockIP:XXX.XXX.XXX.
3.3.1.1 Sys Info - Page 1 This page is the system information page of the Sys Info menu. This page shows the status of both power supplies PS1 and PS2. The controller monitors the output voltage of each internal power supply. The power supply voltage is considered “Normal” if its output voltage level is above 23V and “Fault” when output voltage drops below 22V. A power supply fault is always considered a major fault. Also included on page one of Sys Info is the System status.
SysAddr sets the controller unique network address. The address range is 1 to 255. As with any RS-485 network the RCP address must be unique within every serial network. The controller will answer on serial commands only if its address matches the address sent in the serial packet. Logic refers to the fault state logic for the External Alarm Input port, J8. The factory default setting is a logic high state for external alarm fault status.
3.3.1.4 Sys Info - Page 4 This page pertains to the advanced system diagnostic features of the RCP controller. LNA/LNB Faults refers to state of the controlled state of the LNA/LNB system. This item shows the fault state of the individual LNA/LNB. If no faults are detected, the word, “None” will be displayed. If fault tracking wasn’t enabled (e.g., if Track option set to Ext – External faults only), the state will be indicated as “N/A” – Not Available.
Major SSPA faults are represented as HPAXXX, where “X” could be “1” or “0” depending on the state of the individual pin of external faults port. The left-most digit serves as the indicator for SSPA Unit 3 and the right-most for SSPA Unit 1. The fault state of the RCP unit depends on the selected fault logic and selected system type. For more information about advanced troubleshooting, see Section 4.7. Ux Standby refers to the selected default standby unit.
3.3.1.7 SSPA Subsystem Information - Pages 1-5 Page 1 (RCP firmware version 3.10 or better) pertains to conditions and settings common to all SSPAs in a subsystem. Page 2 (RCP firmware version 3.60 or better) pertains to individual SSPA output power levels. Page 3 (RCP firmware version 3.10 or better) pertains to each individual SSPA unit’s core temperature and ambient temperature. Page 4 (RCP firmware version 3.60 or better) pertains to individual SSPA unit’s DC current consumption.
3.3.1.10 IP Info - Page 3 This page shows RCP settings related to the IP interface. CommunityGet: Security string used in SNMP protocol for Get type requests. Set this value to match the value specified in the NMS or MIB browser. Maximum string length is 20 alpha-numeric characters. The string allows read operation for the RM SSPA SNMP agent. CommunitySet: Security string used in SNMP protocol for Set type requests. Set this value to match the value specified in the NMS or MIB browser.
Main Menu 1.Sys Info 2.Com Setup 1.Protocol 1.Normal 1.2400 3.Operation 2.Baud Rate 3.Sys Addr 3.9600 1.RS232 1.IPInfo 4.Interface 5.Options 6.Calibr 5.IP Setup 1-255 2.Terminal 2.4800 4.Flt. Setup 4.19200 2.RS485 2.LocalIP To IP Info Page 5.38400 3.IPNet 3.Subnet 1.Community Get 4.SNMP 4.Gateway 2.Community Set 5.LocalPort 3.Lock IP 6.More 4.Web Password Figure 3-6: Serial Communication Parameters Menu 3.3.
3.3.2.3 Sys. Address Sets the network address of the controller if used in a RS485 network. Address is selectable from 1 to 255 3.3.2.4 Interface This menu choice provides the selection of the physical interface of the main serial port. Choose between RS-232, RS-485, IPNet (Ethernet) and SNMP interfaces. 3.3.2.5 IP Setup This menu allows the user to select between the following menu items: IP Info (to review all IP Net Settings as described in Section 7.
3.3.3.3 Control Selects between Local and Remote mode. Note that this is the same function as the dedicated front panel button. 3.3.3.4 Switching Selects between Auto and Manual mode. Note that this is the same function as the dedicated front panel button. 3.3.3.5 Priority Used in 1:2 redundant systems only. It is used to assign switching priority to either position 1 or position 3 in the event that both amplifiers fail. Priority has no effect in a FPRC-1200 system. 3.3.3.6 Stby.
3.3.4.1 MjrFaults Allows user to assign priority and select those inputs that constitute a major fault and cause switchover. Normally only External fault tracking is enabled in a FPRC-1200 System. LNA/LNB - Enables the current monitoring of LNA/LNB to create major fault alarm External - Enables the (3) external alarm inputs of J8 Both - Allows both current monitoring and external alarms to create a major fault. 3.3.4.2 AuxFaults Enables the (5) auxiliary fault inputs of J8 to create a major fault. 3.3.4.
Main Menu 1.Sys Info 2.Com Setup 1.Backup 2.Restore 1.User 2.Factory 1.Set 3.Operation 3.Lamp Test 4.Flt. Setup 4.Password 5.Reset 1.Sys ID 2.Clear 5.Options 6.Calibr 6.More 2.LCD Light 3.SSPA 3.Change 0..255 1.Low 1.SSPA Info 2.Medium 3.High 4.Flt. Tolerance 1.None 2.1 Fault 2.2 Faults 2.Attenuation 3.Mute 4.Units 5.More 0 ... 20 dB ON / OFF 2.Watts 1.Sys. Type 3.CO SSPA 4.vBUC See Figure 3-5 1.dBm 1.None 2.RM SSPA 1.SwMute Off 2.Sw. Mute 2.Internal On 3.
3.3.5.5 Reset Forces a reset of the controller’s internal microcontroller. 3.3.5.6 More This allows access to the menus described in Sections 3.3.5.7, 3.3.5.8 and 3.3.5.9 and 3.3.5.10. 3.3.5.7 Fault Tolerance Select between None, 1 Fault or 2 Faults. See Section 3.3.1.6 for a description of these selections. 3.3.5.8 Sys ID Shows the current firmware version. 3.3.5.9 VFD Light Adjusts the intensity of the VFD backlight between Low, Medium and High. 3.3.5.
Main Menu 1.Sys Info 2.Com Setup 3.Operation 4.Flt. Setup 1.Flt. Window 1.8% 2.12% 3.15% 4.20% 1.13V 900 mA 2.17V 900 mA 2.LNA/LNB PS 5.Options 3.Cal LNAs 6.Calibr 4.View LNA1(mA):XXX LNA2(mA):XXX LNA3(mA):XXX Cal1(mA):XXX Cal2(mA):XXX Cal3(mA):XXX 3.26V 1500 mA PS LNA1(v):XX.X PS LNA3(v):XX.X PS LNA2(v):XX.X Figure 3-10: Calibration Parameters Menu 3.3.
3.3.6.3 Calibrate Allows the user to calibrate the system LNAs. 3.3.6.4 View LNA Allows the user to view information about the system LNAs. The resultant window shows mA values for LNA1, LNA2 and LNA3, as well as the calibration values Cal1, Cal2 and Cal3. A secondary window, available by pressing the Up Arrow (▲) or Down Arrow (▼) keys, displays the Power Supply voltages for LNA1, LNA2 and LNA3.
Section 4: System Setup & Control with RCP 4.0 Introduction This section describes various redundant system setups utilizing features available with the Teledyne Paradise Datacom Redundant System Controller. The controller allows monitor and control of all types of amplifiers, from Low Noise Amplifiers (LNAs), Low Noise Block Converters (LNBs), Solid State Power Amplifiers (SSPA), Solid State Power Amplifiers with Block Up Converters (SSPBs) or vBUC amplifiers. 4.
4.1.1 LNA / LNB 1:1 Redundant System Operation This section covers the operation of the RCP2-1100 controller with a Teledyne Paradise Datacom LNA or LNB Redundant System. A typical LNA / LNB redundant system consists of an outdoor plate assembly, the RCP2-1100 indoor controller, and an interconnecting control cable. Figure 4-2 shows the major components of a typical 1:1 LNA system.
Figure 4-3: Typical Schematic, 1:1 Redundant LNA System 4.1.1.1 LNA/LNB Fault Tracking To set up the RCP2-1100 for LNA/LNB fault tracking perform the following menu selections. Press the Main Menu key; select 4.Flt. Setup and press the Enter key; select 1.Mjr. Faults and press the Enter key; select 1.LNA/LNB and press the Enter key. This puts the RCP2-1100 in LNA/LNB current monitor mode. 4.1.1.
4.1.2 SSPA 1:1 Redundant System Operation The RCP2-1100 can be configured to accept external fault inputs at connector J8. The external alarm inputs operate with a closure to ground input. The alarm inputs are opto -isolated inputs, exposing +5 VDC (open circuit voltage) at 5 mA maximum short circuit current. The external alarm inputs can be driven with an appropriate open collector device or relay contacts.
4.2 Operation of 1:2 System with RCP2-1200 Figure 4-5 shows the basic block diagram of a 1:2 redundant system. In normal operation amplifiers 1 and 3 are considered the on-line amplifiers while amplifier 2 is in standby. If a fault conditions occurs in either one of the on-line amplifiers, the standby unit can be switched into the circuit by moving the transfer switches on the input and output side of the amplifiers.
POL 1 INPUT POL 2 INPUT LNA Plate Assembly LNA 1 LNA 2 LNA 3 Control Cable, L201061 PARADISE DATACOM RCP2-1200 1:2 REDUNDANT SYSTEM CONTROLLER RCP2-1200 Figure 4-6: System Components, 1:2 Redundant LNA System The LNAs or LNBs are powered by the RCP2-1200 Controller via the control cable. Two power supplies are included in the controller for total system redundancy. The power supplies are diode connected so that only one supply can operate the system.
Figure 4-7: Schematic, Typical 1:2 Redundant LNA System 4.2.1.1 LNA/LNB Fault Tracking To set up the RCP2-1200 for LNA/LNB fault tracking perform the following menu selections. Press the Main Menu key; select 4.Flt. Setup and press the Enter key; select 1.Mjr. Faults and press the Enter key; select 1.LNA/LNB and press the Enter key. This puts the RCP2-1200 in LNA/LNB current monitor mode 4.2.1.
4.2.2 SSPA 1:2 Redundant System Operation The RCP2-1200 can be configured to accept external fault inputs at connector J8 (See Section 2.4.6). The external alarm inputs operate with a closure to ground input. The alarm inputs are opto-isolated inputs that expose +5 VDC, open circuit voltage, at 5 mA maximum short circuit current. The external alarm inputs can be driven by an appropriate open collector device or relay contacts.
4.3 Operation of 1:1 Fixed Phase Combined System with FPRC-1100 The 1:1 Fixed Phase Combined Redundant System is a popular system architecture that enables two Solid State Power Amplifiers to operate as a normal 1:1 redundant system or a phase combined system. The basic system topology is very similar to a 1:1 redundant system and is shown in Figure 4-9. An additional switch is included which allows either amplifier to be individually routed to the antenna or connect both amplifiers to a waveguide combiner.
4.4 Operation of 1:2 Fixed Phase Combined System with FPRC-1200 The 1:2 Fixed Phase Combined Redundant System is a popular system architecture that enables Solid State Power Amplifiers to achieve higher output power levels while building in a level of redundancy. The basic system topology is similar to a 1:2 redundant system and is shown in Figure 4-10. Amplifiers #1 and #3 are normally online.
4.5 RCP Remote Control of System SSPAs RCP units that meet certain conditions are capable of remote control of system SSPAs through the RCP Local Serial Port (J5). Note: The following features are supported only with RCP2/FPRC/RCPD firmware version 2.2.00 and above. To verify your unit firmware version browse to the SysID screen on the front panel. If the firmware version is below 2.2.00, the unit’s firmware can be upgraded to the proper version by the user.
4.5.1 Configuring the RCP for Remote Control Mode The RCP unit has to be configured to support remote control of the system. To do so, perform the following steps: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Press the Main Menu key on the RCP front panel; Select 5.Options and press the Enter key; Select 6.More and press the Enter key; Select 3.SSPA and press the Enter key; Select 3.System Type and press the Enter key; Select 2.RM SSPA if you want to control a system of Rack Mount SSPAs, Select 3.
Table 4-2: Rack Mount SSPA Wiring SSPA1 Serial Main J4 SSPA2 Serial Main J4 SSPA3 Serial Main J4 1,9 (RX+; 120 Ohm Termination) 1 (TX+) 1 (TX+) 1 (TX+) 2 (RX-) 2 (TX-) 2 (TX-) 2 (TX-) 3 (TX-) 3 (RX-) 3 (RX-) 3 (RX-) 4 (TX+) 4,9 (RX+; 120 Ohm Termination) 4,9 (RX+; 120 Ohm Termination) 4,9 (RX+; 120 Ohm Termination) 5 (GND) 5 (GND) 5 (GND) RCP2 J8 Ext. Alarm SSPA1 Serial Main J4 SSPA2 Serial Main J4 SSPA3 Serial Main J4 1 (Ext.
All attached units must be properly configured in order to work under RCP Remote Control. The following parameters must be set for each unit: 1. 2. 3. 4. Serial Protocol to “Normal” or “String”; Selected Baud Rate to 9600; Type of Serial Interface to “RS485”; Unique address selected as follows: A. SSPA1=1; B. SSPA2=2; C. SSPA3=3 D. Remote RF Power Meter=4. Refer to your amplifier manual for details. 4.5.
4.5.2.2 Change Attenuation Level To change the overall attenuation level of a controlled SSPA system from the RCP, perform the following steps: 1. Select 2.Attenuation and press the Enter key; 2. Select the desired level of attenuation and press the Enter key; 3. 4.5.2.3 Change Switch mute option value The following option was introduced into the RCP control setup to overcome a problem with microwave arcing, which may potentially damage a switching component if switching RF power exceeds 400 Watts.
4.5.2.4 Units This option allows the user to select the RF Power measurement units (measured in either dBm or Watts) reported on the front panel and remote interface. Both Forward and Reflected RF power sensor measurements will be affected. 4.6 View SSPA System Info To verify a selection on the SSPA control menu, select Item“4.View” and press the “Enter” key. The selected attenuation, forward RF power level, system mute state and type of the selected system will be displayed on the front panel VFD.
Important! Real system output power most likely will be different from this parameter. In 1:1 or 1:2 systems, losses in switching and waveguide systems are not accounted. In phase combined systems, real output power will depend on the combining configuration. For system output power, refer to FrwrdRF(Watts/dBm) on SSPA subsystem info page 1. SSPA sub system info page 3 (RCP firmware version 3.10 or better) pertains to each individual SSPA unit’s core temperature and ambient temperature.
4.7 Advanced system level troubleshooting with RCP The RCP controller offers the ability to control various systems, which can include various subcomponents. In some cases it is important to quickly pinpoint a faulty component without system disintegration. The RCP controller offers such capabilities. The following section describes the troubleshooting procedure for some systems. 4.7.
Section 5: Theory of Operation 5.0 Design Philosophy The RCP series of redundant controllers was designed to achieve a new level in high reliability, maintenance free operation. A tightly integrated modular assembly approach has been used to realize an extremely versatile controller while maintaining its user friendly operator interface. Five basic building blocks are combined in the RCP redundant controller: 1. Redundant Power Supplies 2. Digital Core Board Assembly 3. I/O Board Assembly 4.
26V 5 Amp Max Output to RF Switch drive PS Overload Protection PS2 26V 6A PS1 26V 6A To control core 26V On/Off Select 26V 1.5A Max 26V 1.5A Max On/Off On/Off LNA1 PS LNA2 PS 26V 1.5A Max On/Off Optional hardware, available on -HP models only LNA3 PS 13/17V/Off Select +13/17V 900mA +13/17V 900mA +13/17V 900mA +13/18/26 V Out to LNA/LNB Plate Figure 5-1: Block Diagram, Power Supply Configuration 5.0.2 Digital Core Board The digital core board is the heart of the redundant controller.
Figure 5-2: Block Diagram, RCP Digital Core Board 5.0.3 I/O Board Assembly The I/O Board Assembly contains the primary parallel (hardware) interface circuitry of the controller. It is physically attached to the Digital Core Board by a 40-pin header. The I/O Board provides the +15 VDC supply for the LNB units. Each output can supply up to 600 mA and is completely short circuit protected. The 10 form C relays and opto isolated inputs for the parallel I/O interface are included on this board assembly.
5.0.5 Front Panel Mimic Display The front panel display is a densely integrated array of LEDs and switches that comprise an important part of the user friendly interface. A great deal of human engineering has gone into the design of this membrane panel. A full complement of alarm indicators are provided along with the mimic display which shows the switch positions of the redundant system.
Paradise Datacom control cables utilize 20 conductors of #18 AWG stranded wire. The control cable schematic is shown in Figure 5-3. The resistance of #18 AWG stranded wire is 6.5 ohms per 1000 feet. The controller switch connector (J3) allows contacts for 2 wires per switch connection. Therefore, two conductors can be paralleled for both the source and return lines for the transfer switch.
THIS PAGE LEFT INTENTIONALLY BLANK 64 209351 REV B Operations Manual, Redundant System Controllers
Section 6: Maintenance & Troubleshooting 6.0 Introduction The RCP series of redundant controllers has been designed to be maintenance free. The only user replaceable parts are the AC input fuses. 6.1 Fuse Replacement The AC input fuses are 2 Amp Slow Blow style fuses and are accessible at the AC input entry module. Figure 6-1 shows the location of the input fuses as well as internal part identification. Note that there is also an on/off switch located on the AC input entry module.
6.2 Firmware Programming The internal firmware is field programmable in the RCP redundant controller. This section details the procedure required to load new firmware into the RCP controller. 6.2.1 Hardware Interface A connection from J6 of the controller and the parallel (LPT1, LPT2 or LPT3) port of a host PC must be established. This port must be configured for EPP/ECP or bidirectional mode. Connect using an IEEE-1284 Compliant cable (DB25 Female – DB25 Male straight through.
Figure 6-2: Firmware Upgrade Terminal Window Step 5: After all connections have been made and all zip files unpacked, locate the batch file within the \_code subfolder which suits your LPT port designation (For example: prg_LPT1.bat for LPT1 parallel port) and run it. The batch file will open a Command prompt console window and execute the firmware update. Do not interfere with the program until the entire process is complete. A terminal window with a black background will appear (See Figure 6-2).
6.3 Restoring Factory Pre-set Settings on RCP2/FPRC The Teledyne Paradise Datacom Redundant System Controller comes with factorypreset settings specific to the default system specifications. This factory setup can be restored at any time either automatically or manually. Important: Automatic restoration will restore complete factory setup (including COM settings and miscellaneous fault handling).
Skip the following steps if the controller is not configured as a primary power source for the system's LNBs. Re-calibration of LNB's fault window: 14. Make sure the LNBs are reliably connected to the controller; 15. Make sure that all LNBs are normally operational prior to system calibration; 16. Make sure the controller is configured for tracking both LNA/LNB and external faults, if not sure, repeat steps 8 to 14; 17. Press the Main Menu key; 18. Select menu item 6.Calibr. and press the Enter key; 19.
6.4.2 Installing a New Power Supply Module First, ensure that the new power supply module is the same type as the one beng replaced! See Section 2.6 to review the different power supply module types. To install a new power supply module into the RCP chassis, perform the following steps: 1. Plug together the quick-connect power pole connectors; 2. Slide the module into the chassis, taking care not to pinch the power cables; 3. Tighten the two captured thumbscrews to secure the module to the chassis.
Section 7: Remote Control Interface 7.0 Overview A system, which includes a RCP2, can be managed from a remote computer over a variety of remote control interfaces (see Figure 7-1). Remote control interface stack 10Base-T IP Interface SNMP HTTP Web UDP Serial Interface Protocols: 1. Normal 2. Terminal RS485 RS232 Alarm Contact Figure 7-1: RCP2 Remote Control Interface Stack The parallel port on the RCP unit provides a simple form of remote control.
The SSPA subsystem units can also be accessed directly through a packet wrapping technique described in Section 7.3.1. Serial protocol format is set at no parity, 8 bit with 1 stop bit. Baud rate is selectable through the front panel. If using a Terminal mode protocol, the RCP2 provides remote menu access through a HyperTerminal program or through an actual hardware terminal. The Ethernet interface is fixed to the 10Base-T standard.
7.1.2 Control Inputs The parallel control inputs are opto-isolated inputs with pull up resistors. To trigger a remote input command, the input should be pulled to ground. The input does not need to be held to ground continuously but it is acceptable to do so. The input only need be pulled low for a minimum of 100 msec. For example, to make amplifier #2 the standby amplifier, pulse pin 36 to ground for 100 msec.
7.2 Serial Communication This section describes the normal communication protocol between the RCP2 and a host computer over RS232/RS485 serial interface. Serial port settings on host computer must be configured for 8-bit data at no parity, with 1 stop bit. Baud rate should match selected baud rate parameter on RCP2 unit. The unit will only respond to properly formatted protocol packets. Figure 7-4 shows the basic communication packet. It consists of a Header, Data, and Trailer sub-packet.
7.2.1.3 Source Address The source address specifies the address of the node that is sending the packet. All unique addresses, except the broadcast address, are equal and can be assigned to individual units. The host computer must also have a unique network address. 7.2.2 Data Packet The data sub-packet is comprised of six to 32 bytes of information. It is further divided into seven fields as shown in Figure 7-6. The first six fields comprise the command preamble while the last field is the actual data.
The Response frame from the receiver will contain a Get Response designator in the Command field. If the receiver does not detect any errors in the Get Request frame, the requested data will be attached to the response frame. The length of the Get Response frame varies by the amount of attached data bytes. It may contain 11+N bytes where N is the amount of requested data bytes from a particular table, specified in the Data Length field.
Table 7-2: Data Tag Byte Values Tag Name Data Tag Byte Value Minimum valid length of the Data Field Description System Settings Tag 0 1 Byte This tag allows accessing various system settings on remote unit. Host access status: Full Read/Write access. Settings can be modified at any time. Some of the settings may require hardware reset of the remote RCP unit. System Thresholds Tag 1 2 Bytes This tag allows access to the critical unit thresholds. Host access status: Tag have read only status.
Table 7-3: Error Status Byte Values Error Code name Byte Value No Errors 0 Normal Condition, no errors detected Data Frame Too Big 1 Specified Data length is to big for respondent buffer to accept No Such Data 2 Specified Data Address is out off bounds for this tag data Bad Value 3 Specified value not suitable for this particular data type Read Only 4 Originator tried to set a value which has read only status Bad Checksum 5 Trailer checksum not matched to calculated checksum Unrecognizab
7.2.3 Trailer Packet The trailer component contains only one byte called the Frame Check Sequence. This field provides a checksum during packet transmission. See Figure 7-7. HEADER (4 bytes) DATA (6-32 bytes) TRAILER (1 byte) Frame Check Checksum (1 byte) Figure 7-7: Trailer Sub-Packet 7.2.3.1 Frame Check Sequence This value is computed as a function of the content of the destination address, source address and all Command Data Substructure bytes.
7.2.4 Timing issues There is no maximum specification on the inter-character spacing in messages. Bytes in messages to amplifier units may be spaced as far apart as you wish. The amplifier will respond as soon as it has collected enough bytes to determine the message. Generally, there will be no spacing between characters in replies generated by units. The maximum length of the packet sent to the amplifier node should not exceed 64 bytes, including checksum and frame sync bytes.
7.3 Access optional SSPA subsystem with Packet Wrapper technique Features introduced in firmware version 4.03 allow send requests directly to a remote SSPA subsystem. In this mode, the RCP redirects requests from its Serial Main or Ethernet port to its Local serial port, connected to the SSPA (see Figure 7-8). Packet wrapper requests are associated with longer response times, which have to be accounted in the host M&C software.
Byte 82 Table 7-5:.
Table 7-6: System Settings Data Values Data Address # Bytes Description Limits and Byte Values 1 1 System Configuration 1:2 Controller = 0; 1:1 Controller = 1; Phase combine 1:1 = 2; Dual 1:1 Controller = 3 2 1 Switching mode Auto Mode = 0; Manual Mode =1 3 1 Control mode Local = 0; Remote = 1 4 1 Reserved 5 1 Priority Select Pol1 = 0; Pol2 = 1 6 1 Communication Protocol* Normal=0; Terminal=1** (version 4.
Table 7-7: System Condition Data Values Data Address # Bytes Description Limits and valid values 1 1 Unit 1 Fault state No Fault = 0; Fault = 1; Ignored = 2 2 1 Unit 2 Fault state No Fault = 0; Fault = 1; Ignored = 2 3 1 Unit 3 Fault state No Fault = 0; Fault =1; Ignored = 2 4 1 Summary Fault No Fault = 0; Fault = 1 5 1 Power Supply 1 Fault State No Fault = 0; Fault = 1 6 1 Power Supply 2 Fault State No Fault = 0; Fault = 1 7 1 Auxiliary input Fault State No Fault = 0; Fault =
Table 7-8: System Threshold Data Values Data Address # Bytes Description 1 2 LNA unit 1 calibration Data 2 2 LNA unit 2 calibration Data 3 2 LNA unit 3 calibration Data Limits and valid values LNA unit1 cal. Point conversion: 0.57 mA per 1 value increment, maximum value =1023. LNA unit2 cal. Point conversion: 0.57 mA per 1 value increment, maximum value =1023. LNA unit3 cal. Point conversion: 0.57 mA per 1 value increment, maximum value =1023.
7.4 Examples This section contains several examples of serial data exchange between a host computer and an RCP2-1200 1:2 Redundant Controller. All byte values are given in hexadecimal format. The following controller and system switch positions are used throughout all examples.
The RCP2-1200 replies with the following response string. Byte Position Byte Value (Hex) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 AA 55 A 0 0 6F 3 8 3 9 0 10 C 11 0 Data field 1 contains data element 1 of “System Conditions” data type, which is RCP System Unit1 Fault State. 0 Indicates that Unit 1 is not faulted. 12 1 Data field 2 contains data element 2 of “System Conditions” data type, which is RCP System Unit2 Fault State. 1 Indicates that Unit 2 is in fault condition.
7.4.2 Example 2 The host computer requests the RCP2-1200 system thresholds. The PC request string is listed below.
7.4.3 Example 3 The host computer requests the RCP2-1200 network address. The PC request string is listed below.
7.4.4 Example 4 The host computer requests the Priority be set to Polarity #2. The PC request string is listed below.
7.5 Terminal Mode Serial Protocol The Teledyne Paradise Datacom RCP Redundant System Controller utilizes Terminal Mode Serial Protocol (TMSP) as a secondary serial protocol for Management and Control through a Remote Serial Interface. TMSP allows the user to access internal RCP functions via a remote ASCII Terminal or its equivalent (such as HyperTerminal for Windows). TMSP is accomplished through either the RS-232 or RS-485, half duplex, serial communication link. U.S.
The following procedure will guide the user through the remote terminal setup, using the Windows 95/98 HyperTerminal software. The RCP must be connected to a PC com port and configured to use TMSP with 9600 Baud rate prior to setting up the PC configurations. • • Start the Windows HyperTerminal Program (default Windows location at Programs — Accessories — HyperTerminal). Enter the name of your serial connection (“Compact Outdoor SSPA” for example), and then click “Ok” button. See Figure 7-9.
• In the next window, select the following as shown in Figure 7-11: Bits per Second: 9600; Data bits: 8; Parity: None; Stop bits: 1; Flow control: none. Click “OK”. Figure 7-11: Communication Properties • Normally, the RCP will not echo back characters typed by the user in a Terminal window. For added security and convenience, turn on Local Echo in the HyperTerminal application. To do so, select the following from the HyperTerminal menu: File → Properties → Settings → ASCII setup.
• Your PC is now configured to work with the RCP in Terminal mode. To establish a session with the RCP, type “UNIT#170” Note: When using a RS-485 connection, avoid using the global address (170). Instead, use the unique RCP address. An example of a terminal mode session shown on Figure 7-13.
7.6 Ethernet Interface 7.6.1 Overview The RCP2 Ethernet port (J9) supports several IP network protocols to provide a full featured remote M&C interface over an Ethernet LAN. • • • IPNet protocol — redirection of standard Paradise Datacom LLC serial protocol over UDP transport layer protocol. This protocol is fully supported in Paradise Datacom LLC’s Universal M&C software. SNMPv1 protocol — protocol intended for integration into large corporate NMS architectures.
UDP (User Datagram Protocol) was chosen over TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) because it is connectionless; that is, no end-to-end connection is made between the RCP2 unit and controlling workstation when datagrams (packets) are exchanged. Teledyne Paradise Datacom provides a WindowsTM-based control application to establish UDP-based Ethernet communication with the RCP2. The control application manages the exchange of datagrams to ensure error-free communication.
Table 7-10: OSI Model for RM SSPA Ethernet IP Interface OSI Layer Protocol Notes Paradise Datacom RCP2 Normal serial protocol Frame structure described in Section 7.2 Transport UDP Connectionless transport service. MTU on target PC must be set to accommodate largest SSPA Serial Protocol Frame. Set MTU to a value larger than 127 bytes. Network IP ARP, RARP and ICMP Ping protocols supported by RM SSPA controllers. Static IP Address only, no DHCP support.
selected as the primary interface, you should be able to verify the network connection to the unit by using the Ping command from your host workstation. To do so on a Windows based PC, open a Command Prompt window and type PING and the dot delimited IP address of the RCP2, then press the Enter key. If the unit is successfully found on the network, the request statistic will be displayed. PING XXX.XXX.XXX.
The integrated web server loads a web page and a Java Applet. The activity indicator will be visible until the applet is loaded and running. Once the applet is fully loaded, a password dialog window will appear. The default password is paradise. This password may be changed in the Settings section of the web interface, and may comprise up to 15 alpha-numeric characters. To select another password, enter the following selection on the RCP2 front panel: Press the Main Menu key; select 2.Com.
7.6.4 SNMP interface 7.6.4.1 Introduction SNMP-based management was initially targeted for TCP/IP routers and hosts. However, the SNMP-based management approach is inherently generic so that it can be used to manage many types of systems. This approach has become increasingly popular for remote management and control solutions for various SSPA systems.
7.6.4.2 SNMP MIB tree --paradiseDatacom(1.3.6.1.4.1.
209351 REV B SubsystemAttenuation(dBx10)'0..200 SwitchMute'Off=0,Internal=1,External=2,All On=3 FaultTollerance'None=0,OneFault=1,TwoFaults=2 27/INTEGER 28/INTEGER 1.3.6.1.4.1.20712.2.1.1.1.2.28 Fault tolerance option 1.3.6.1.4.1.20712.2.1.1.1.2.27 Switch muting state 1.3.6.1.4.1.20712.2.1.1.1.2.26 SSPA Subsystem attenuation control 1.3.6.1.4.1.20712.2.1.1.1.2.25 SSPA Subsystem mute control 1.3.6.1.4.1.20712.2.1.1.1.2.24 Field reserved for future use 1.3.6.1.4.1.20712.2.1.1.1.2.
Table 7-11: Detailed Settings (continued from previous page) settingIndex/ settingValue Value OID settingTextValue Description 29/INTEGER IPAddressByte1'0..255 1.3.6.1.4.1.20712.2.1.1.1.2.29 Device IP address byte1 (MSB) 30/INTEGER IPAddressByte2'0..255 1.3.6.1.4.1.20712.2.1.1.1.2.30 Device IP address byte2 31/INTEGER IPAddressByte3'0..255 1.3.6.1.4.1.20712.2.1.1.1.2.31 Device IP address byte3 32/INTEGER IPAddressByte4'0..255 1.3.6.1.4.1.20712.2.1.1.1.2.
Table 7-13: Detailed Conditions conditionIndex/ conditionValue 1/INTEGER 104 Value OID conditionTextValue Unit1FaultState'NoFault=0,Fault=1,N/A=2 1.3.6.1.4.1.20712.2.1.3.1.2.1 2/INTEGER Unit2FaultState'NoFault=0,Fault=1,N/A=2 1.3.6.1.4.1.20712.2.1.3.1.2.2 3/INTEGER Unit3FaultState'NoFault=0,Fault=1,N/A=2 1.3.6.1.4.1.20712.2.1.3.1.2.3 4/INTEGER SummaryFaultState'NoFault=0,Fault=1 1.3.6.1.4.1.20712.2.1.3.1.2.4 5/INTEGER PS1FaultState'NoFault=0,Fault=1 1.3.6.1.4.1.20712.2.1.3.1.2.
7.6.4.3 Description of MIB entities deviceINFO This field includes general device information. deviceID Octet string type; maximum length -60; field specifies device model and serial number; read only access; OID -1.3.6.1.4.1.20712.1.1 deviceLocation Octet string type; maximum length 60; filed allow customer to store information about device physical location or any other textual information related to the device; read/write access; OID -1.3.6.1.4.1.20712.1.
settings Table contents current device configuration and provides device management. For detailed settings table info for SNMP device see Table 7-11 . Read/write access for settingsValue column. thresholds Table provides information about device internal limits and subsystems info. For detailed table information refer to Table 7-12. Read only access. conditions Table contents device fault status information. Read only access. For detailed conditions table info see Table 7-13. 7.6.4.
7.6.4.5 Connecting to a MIB browser For a MIB browser application example, we will use the freeware browser GetIf, version 2.3.1. Other browsers are available for download from http://www.snmplink.org/ Tools.html. 1. Copy the provided Paradise Datacom LLC MIB file into the Getif Mibs subfolder. The MIB is available for download at http://www.paradisedata.com. 2. Start the GetIf application. 3.
THIS PAGE LEFT INTENTIONALLY BLANK 108 209351 REV B Operations Manual, Redundant System Controllers
Section 8: Maintenance Switch Controller 8.0 Introduction Teledyne Paradise Datacom offers the option of utilizing the RCP2-1100 controller as a Maintenance Switch Controller (RCP2-MAINT), which controls the position of a single waveguide switch. A Maintenance Switch Controller is typically connected to the switch drive via a single cable.
8.2 Application of a Maintenance Switch Controller Figure 8-3 shows a typical schematic for a standalone amplifier (HPA 1) utilizing a maintenance switch (SW1) at its output, and a Maintenance Switch Controller (RCP2MAINT).
Appendix A: Ethernet Interface Quick Set-Up This section describes the procedure for setting up the Ethernet IP interface through the RCP front panel interface. It also describes basic network setup of a Windows based host PC for a peer-to-peer network connection with the RCP unit. Important! Do not use a crossover cable to connect to the network hub, use crossover only for direct PC-to-RCP connection! 1.
2.4 After optional reboot, open the Command Prompt console window and enter: C:\>IPCONFIG This will display the IP settings: 0 Ethernet Adapter: IP Address: 192.168.0.3 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway: 2.5 You can now try to Ping your PC: In Command Prompt window enter the following: C:\>ping 192.168.0.3 This will display: Pinging 192.168.0.3 with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 192.168.0.3: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=128 Reply from 192.168.0.3: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=128 Reply from 192.168.0.
4. On the RCP unit front panel select sequentially: Main Menu → 2.Com.Setup → 4.Interface → 3.IPNet, then press Enter. The RCP unit is now set up to work with Ethernet Interface. You may now ping the RCP unit from the host PC: C:\>ping 192.168.0.0 This will display: Pinging 192.168.0.0 with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 192.168.0.0: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=128 Reply from 192.168.0.0: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=128 Reply from 192.168.0.0: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=128 Reply from 192.168.0.
THIS PAGE LEFT INTENTIONALLY BLANK 114 209351 REV B Operations Manual, Redundant System Controllers
Appendix B: Proper 10/100 Base-T Ethernet Cable Wiring This section briefly describes the basic theory related to the physical layer of 10/100 Base-T networking, as well as proper wiring techniques. There are several classifications of cable used for twisted-pair networks. Recommended cable for all new installations is Category 5 (or CAT 5). CAT 5 cable has four twisted pairs of wire for a total of eight individually insulated wires.
The main concern is the transient magnetic fields which surrounds the wires and the magnetic fields generated externally by the other transmission lines in the cable, other network cables, electric motors, fluorescent lights, telephone and electric lines, lightning, etc. This is known as noise. Magnetic fields induce their own pulses in a transmission line, which may literally bury the Ethernet pulses. The twisted-pair Ethernet employs two principle means for combating noise.
Figure B-4: Ethernet Wire Color Code Standards Figure B-5: Wiring Using 568A Color Codes There are only two unique cable ends in the preceding diagrams, they correspond to the 568A and 568B RJ-45 jacks and are shown in Figure B-6.
Again, the wires with colored backgrounds may have white stripes and may be denoted that way in diagrams found elsewhere. For example, the green wire may be labeled Green-White. The background color is always specified first. Now, all you need to remember, to properly configure the cables, are the diagrams for the two cable ends and the following rules: • • A straight-thru cable has identical ends. A crossover cable has different ends.
Appendix C: RCP Control with Paradise Datacom Universal M&C C.1 Adding a New RCP Unit to the Universal M&C To add a new unit, choose "Action->Add Unit" from the Main Menu. Then choose "RCP2 Redundancy Controller". When a unit type is chosen a "New RCP2" dialog window will appear for the particular unit you are adding, as shown in Figure C-1. Figure C-1: New RCP2 Dialog Window To add a RCP unit to the M&C Utility, fill in the appropriate boxes in the "New RCP2" dialog.
Choose a log file location by clicking the Browse... button. The default is the "My Documents" folder. The log file name will be the UnitID and the extension ".log" appended to it. i.e. "Unit1.log". C.2 RCP2 overview for the Universal M&C Each RCP in the M&C has four screens. The first screen is the “Status” window shown in Figure C-2. The status screen reflects the Online/Standby status of each amplifier in the system, and the switch position of each waveguide switch in the system.
If the Amplifier Local Port is changed the RCP unit must be reset. The Gateway Address and Subnet Mask are standard settings for TCPI/IP communications. If either of these settings is changed the RCP unit must be reset for the new settings to take effect. The IP Lock Address is used for security. If it is set to something besides 0.0.0.0 or 255.255.255.255 it will only answer the address it is set to. For example, if the IP Lock Address is 192.168.0.50 then a request from 192.168.0.100 will not be accepted.
THIS PAGE LEFT INTENTIONALLY BLANK 122 209351 REV B Operations Manual, Redundant System Controllers
Appendix D: Firmware Revision History Table D-1: Firmware revision history Version Feature description 1.20 Dual 1:1 mode introduced (RCPD-1100 controller). 2.00 Terminal mode added to protocol stack; Improved management for LNA/ LNB power supplies. 2.20 Support for remote control of SSPA system added. Remote group muting and attenuation control; Remote Forward RF Sensing. 3.1.1 Remote ambient temperature measurement introduced. 3.3.
THIS PAGE LEFT INTENTIONALLY BLANK 124 209351 REV B Operations Manual, Redundant System Controllers
Appendix E: Documentation The following pages consist of the Redundant System Controller menu structure and specification sheet (document number 209352). Specifications shown on the following pages are subject to change. The most recent revision of the specification sheet can be viewed on the Paradise Datacom web site: http://www.paradisedata.com.
THIS PAGE LEFT INTENTIONALLY BLANK 126 209351 REV B Operations Manual, Redundant System Controllers
