D-Link AirPremier DWL-1800 Wireless Outdoor Bridge User’s Manual First Edition (July 2002) Printed in Taiwan RECYCLABLE i
TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction.......................................................................................... 1 1.1 Using this Guide ...................................................................................1 1.2 System Description ...............................................................................1 1.2.1 General.............................................................................................1 1.2.2 D-Link AirPremier DWL-1800 DWL-1800 Functional Description ...
.2 Configuration Utility Modes................................................................19 3.2.1 Unit Configuration Mode .................................................................20 3.2.1.1 The Control Window .....................................................................21 3.2.1.2 Application Control Buttons ..........................................................23 3.2.1.3 Configuration Utility Tabs .............................................................24 3.2.
TABLE OF FIGURES Figure 1: DWL-1800 Point-to-Multipoint Application .....................................2 Figure 2: General Installation Scheme - Pole Mounting ...................................5 Figure 3: Holes/Grooves/Screw Holes........................................................10 Figure 4: 3” Pole Mounting Installation Using the Supplied Brackets .............11 Figure 5: The Waterproof Seal.....................................................................
TABLE OF TABLES Table 1: Indoor Unit LEDs ..........................................................................16 Table 2: Outdoor Unit LEDs........................................................................17 Table 3: Regulatory Domains Specifications .................................................32 Table 4: Frequency List .............................................................................
1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Using this Guide This User's Manual provides instructions for planning and setting up a Wireless link based on the D-Link Air Premier DWL-1800 Series wireless base unit and remote bridge. Chapter 1: Introduction - Explains how to use this manual and presents the D-Link Air Premier DWL-1800 series. Chapter 2: Installation - Describes how to install the units.
Data is transmitted at rates of up to 11 Mbps, providing network users with full 10BaseT Ethernet speeds. 1.2.2 D-Link AirPremier DWL-1800 Functional Description The D-Link Air Premier DWL-1800Series, DWL-1800B (BU) and DWL-1800R(RB), can be used as high-speed connections between two or more remote networks. Mail Server File Server Central Network BU-DS.11 DWL-1800B (BU) Base Unit RB-DS.11 (RB) DWL-1800R 1 RB-DS.11 RB-DS.
1.2.2.2 DWL-1800R (RB) Wireless Bridge The DWL-1800 Wireless Bridge connects a remote Ethernet network to a central network server or Internet site via a DWL-1800 Multipoint Base . The maximum number of MAC addresses that the unit can handle at any specific time is 1024 and the Aging algorithm is applied at all times. When a station on the Ethernet LAN sends a message that is not destined for a local station, the DWL-1800R forwards the message to the DWL-1800B.
2. INSTALLATION 2.1 Packing List Verify that all of the following items are included with the unit: ?? Indoor unit. ?? Outdoor unit (includes integrated antenna). ?? Pole mounting kit for the Outdoor unit (includes two brackets and four sets of screws, nuts and washers). ?? 110/220 VAC Power Cord. ?? 20 meter Indoor-to-Outdoor cable. ?? 3 shielded RJ-45 connectors. ?? Configuration Utility CD including manual. 2.2 Installation Overview 1.
Figure 2: General Installation Scheme - Pole Mounting NOTE: Use a straight Ethernet cable to connect the indoor unit to a hub, or use a crossed cable to connect it directly to a PC’s Network Interface Card (NIC). 2.3 Outdoor Installation Considerations This chapter describes various considerations to take into account when planning an outdoor installation including site selection, antenna alignment, antenna polarization and cell size.
2.3.1 Collocating DWL-1800 Outdoor Units Up to three DWL-1800B units with integrated antennas (the exact number depends on the number of non-overlapping channels available in the relevant regulatory domain) can be collocated on the same building top or tower. Collocating more then three units may decrease performance depending upon the type of antenna and its direction. Each unit should be assigned to one of the non-overlapping channels: 1, 7, or 13 in ETSI or 1, 6 or 11 in FCC. 2.3.
Path Loss Path loss is determined mainly by several factors: ?? Distance between sites – Path loss is lower and system performance better when distances between sites are shorter. ?? Clearance – Path loss is minimized when there exists a clear line of sight. The number, location, size, and makeup of obstacles determine their contribution to path loss. ?? Antenna height – Path loss is lower when antennas are positioned higher.
2.3.5 Antenna Polarization Antenna polarization must be the same at both ends of the link. In most applications, the preferred orientation is vertical polarization, which is best for above ground propagation. 2.3.6 Cell Size/Link Distance Cell size is determined by the maximum possible distance between the DWL-1800B and a DWL-1800R unit.
2.3.9 Compliance with Radio Regulations Regulations regarding maximum antenna gains vary from country to country. It is the responsibility of the end user to operate within the limits of these regulations as well as to ensure that the professional installer is aware of these regulations. Violation of government regulations exposes the end user to legal and financial liabilities.
Figure 3: Holes/Grooves/Screw Holes 10
Figure 4: 3” Pole Mounting Installation Using the Supplied Brackets NOTE: When inserting the open-ended screws, make sure to insert them with the grooves pointing outwards; these grooves are intended to allow fastening of the screws with a screwdriver. 2.4.1 Connecting the Ground and Antenna Cables The Ground terminal (marked ) is located on the bottom panel of the outdoor unit. 1. Connect one end of the grounding cable to the Ground terminal and connect the other end to a good ground connection. 2.4.
3. Route a straight, uncrimped Ethernet cable (8-wire, 24 AWG) through both the top nut and the waterproof seal. NOTE: The 8-wire cable should be shielded. 4. Insert and crimp the RJ-45 connector. Refer to Appendix B for instructions on preparing the RJ-45 cable connector. 5. Connect the Ethernet cable to the Outdoor unit RJ-45 connector. 6. Replace the waterproof seal and then the top nut. Make sure that the external jack of the cable is well inside the waterproof seal to guarantee a good seal. 7.
Figure 6: Wall Mounting the Indoor Unit NOTE: The color codes of the power cable are: brown blue yellow/green phase ~ neutral 0 grounding 4. After connecting the outdoor unit to the indoor unit using the Indoor-to-Outdoor cable, connect the power cord to the unit’s AC socket, located on the bottom panel shown in Figure 7.
5. Verify that the yellow POWER LED located on the top panel is lit, indicating that the unit is supplying power to the radio port. Figure 8: Indoor Unit Top Panel 6. Connect the 10BaseT connector to the network. The cable connection should be straight Ethernet if connecting the Indoor unit to a Hub and a crossed cable if connecting it directly to a PC Network Interface Card (NIC).
2. Synchronize the units by aligning the antennas at the central and remote sites until maximum signal quality is obtained. Check the signal quality RSSI bar on the bottom panel of the DWL-1800R. The first LED lights red to indicate that the unit is working. The remaining nine LEDs light green to indicate the signal strength. The stronger the signal, the more LEDs are lit. Rotate the antenna to the left or right until you reach the point of maximum RSSI reading.
2.6 Verifying Correct Operation 2.6.1 Verifying Correct Operation of the Indoor Unit To verify proper operation, check the LED indicators located on the top panel of the indoor unit as shown in Figure 8 on page 14, and as described in Table 1. Name Description Functionality POWER Power indication Green - 48VDC is present on the Radio RJ45 port. Off - No power is supplied to the Radio RJ45 port.
2.6.2 Verifying Correct Operation of the Outdoor Unit To verify proper operation, check the LED indicators located on the bottom panel of the outdoor unit. Name WLAN Description Wireless Link Indicator Functionality Blinking Green – Data received or transmitted on the wireless link. Blinking rate is slower when there is less wireless traffic. DC Power Self Test and Power Green – Power is available and self test indication passed. Red – Self test failed. Firmware did not load successfully.
3. THE D-LINK AIRPREMIER CONFIGURATION UTILITY DWL-1800 The D-Link Air Premier DWL-1800 Configuration Utility is an SNMP-based utility that provides a consistent view of the wireless network. The system administrator can use the D-Link AirPremier DWL-1800 Configuration Utility to control a large number of DWL-1800 units from a single location.
3.1 Installing and Running the Configuration Utility The Configuration Utility is provided for installation on a 3.5” diskette. 1. Insert the provided diskette into the computer where you wish to install the Configuration Utility. 2. Run Brzmgr mgr.exe. 3. Follow all instructions until you are informed that the Utility was installed successfully. 4. Run the Configuration Utility from the Start menu by selecting it in the D-Link AirPremier DWL-1800 Configuration Utility folder under Programs. 3.
?? Trap quick view - When set to this mode, the PC (if set as described in Section 3.2.1.3.3) switches automatically to the Trap Monitor tab when Unit Configuration mode is selected. 3.2.1 Unit Configuration Mode The Control Window Section In this section, you can: ?? ?? ?? ?? Discover the units that are connected to the network. View DWL-1800 units that have been discovered by their IP address. Select the units you wish to manage.
Control Window Tabs Section Figure 9: D-Link AirPremier DWL-1800 Configuration Utility Main Window (Station Control Tab) 3.2.1.1 The Control Window 3.2.1.1.1 Selecting Units You can select a unit to manage in one of the following ways: ?? Click the Network Autodiscovery button. All the IP addresses of units in the same domain but not hidden behind a router (under the selected community) are displayed in the list box underneath the button.
3.2.1.1.2 Setting the SNMP Community String Type the known Read/Write Community string in the Community field (the default string is public for read and private for read/write) and click the confirm. button to 3.2.1.1.3 Assigning and Editing IP Addresses Manually (based on MAC addresses) 1. Click the Set IP button. The Set IP dialog box appears. Figure 10: The Set IP Dialog Box 2.
NOTE: In order to see the unit after assigning the IP address, the PC with the Configuration utility should be on the same IP subnet as the assigned IP address. Units receive auto IP address if there is no DHCP server and the unit is configured to work in the Smart mode as described in Section 3.2.1.3.2. The IP address will be chosen randomly in the 169.254.x.x range with a subnet mask of 255.255.0.0. 3.2.1.
3.2.1.3 Configuration Utility Tabs 3.2.1.3.1 Station Status Tab The Station Status tab displays general information regarding the unit's firmware and hardware versions as well as general unit address information. Figure 11: Station Status Tab ?? System Name - The name of the selected unit. ?? Location - A user-defined description of the location of the selected unit, up to 28 ASCII characters long (optional). ?? MAC Address - MAC address of the selected unit. ?? Firmware - The current firmware version.
Figure 12: IP Parameters Tab ?? ?? ?? ?? IP Address - The IP address of the selected unit. Subnet mask - The Subnet mask of the selected unit. Default gateway - The default gateway of the selected unit. DHCP - Sets the way your system utilizes the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP, used for automatic IP assignment). Always - The system searches for a DHCP server each time the unit is turned on. Smart - The system searches for a DHCP server only if no IP address was assigned.
3.2.1.3.3 SNMP Parameters Tab The SNMP parameters tab allows you to define or edit the SNMP community strings and the SNMP-related parameters. Figure 13: SNMP Parameters Tab ?? Read - The read-only community string of the unit. Default is public. ?? Read/Write - The read/write community string of the unit. Default is private. This value is displayed as asterisks for security purposes. ?? Trap Host IP Address - The IP address of the host to which SNMP traps are sent.
3.2.1.3.4 Counters Tab Figure 14: Counters Tab (BU/DWL-1800B Units) Figure 15: Counters Tab (RB/DWL-1800R Units) Using the Counters windows, you can view a wide range of performance data at both sides of the link. For RB units, you can monitor the received signal strength through the RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indication) bar indicator at the bottom of the window. This RSSI bar can be used to optimize antenna alignment and improve link quality.
Additional performance counters displayed in this window include the following. To obtain a graph that displays the counter values, select a counter and drag it to the icon. ?? Tx Counters Tx Fragments - The number of transmitted frames. The count includes data, control, management frames and the number of retransmissions of data frames (for example, if the same data frame is retransmitted ten times then the count will increase ten times). Tx Frames - The number of frames transmitted to the wireless media.
Tx Fail - The number of frames which the station failed to send. ?? Resetting Counters You can reset the counters displayed in the Counters tab by clicking the Reset Counters button. All displayed values are reset to display zero. Note that this action does not reset the counters stored in the actual unit, but just resets the values displayed in the screen (an exception to this are the Link Counters).
Figure 17: WLAN Parameters Tab (RB/DWL-1800R) ?? Regulatory Domain - Displays the regulatory authorities in the relevant country of use (e.g., Canada, ETSI, FCC, Japan). ?? Power - Displays the current output power level at the antenna port. ?? ESSID - An ASCII string of up to 32 characters used to identify a WLAN that prevents the unintentional merging of two co-located WLANs.
?? Range - The operative range of your WLAN or Wireless Link in the drop down list. This parameter affects the acknowledge delay time which needs to be increased in long links. The default value is up to 5 km. ?? Channel - Channel selection varies, depending on the type of unit. For DWL-1800B units, select the channel that the unit will use by selecting a value (range: 1-13, depending on your regulatory domain) from the Channel drop down menu.
France Canada 10 1 13 11 11 6 14 24 4 24 Table 3: Regulatory Domains Specifications Channel 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Frequency 2412 MHz 2417 MHz 2422 MHz 2427 MHz 2432 MHz 2437 MHz 2442 MHz 2447 MHz 2452 MHz 2457 MHz 2462 MHz 2467 MHz 2472 MHz Table 4: Frequency List NOTE: The frequencies listed in the table are at the center of the channel. Each channel occupies 22MHz, therefore each channel occupies -11MHz to +11 MHz from the frequency specified.
3.2.1.3.6 Station Control Tab Figure 18: The Station Control Tab ?? Station Control - Click the Default button for all parameters to revert to the factory defaults. ?? Reset Unit - Click the Reset button to reset the unit and apply any changes made to the system parameters. ?? Export Configuration - Click the Export button to export the current basic configuration of this unit to a file. A popup window is displayed prompting you to specify the name of the file.
3.2.1.3.7 Security Tab Figure 19: Security Tab This tab displays information regarding the unit’s security configuration. Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) is an authentication algorithm that protects authorized Wireless LAN users against eavesdropping and is implemented in D-Link AirPremier DWL-1800 units. WEP is defined in the IEEE 802.11b standard. This encryption is applicable for both authentication and data and the key length is 40 bits.
If you select the Shared Key algorithm, set the following parameters: ?? Default Key ID – Sets the key for encryption. ?? WEP Key – Defines the encryption keys used. Define each key by clicking the appropriate WEP Key row and entering ten hexadecimal characters (five sets of two characters each) for each of the four keys. After clicking Apply, the WEP Key values are displayed as zeros for security reasons. The default WEP key is the first key. NOTE: All units in the same cell should use the same key. 3.2.
Threshold value, an RTS is not sent and the data packet is transmitted directly to the WLAN. ?? Short Retry Limit - The maximum number of transmission attempts for a frame that is shorter than or equal to the RTS Threshold. The default value is 8. ?? Long Retry Limit - The maximum number of transmission attempts for a frame that is longer than the RTS Threshold. The default value is 4. ?? Basic Rate - The maximum rate of multicast, broadcast and control frames transmissions.
3.2.1.3.9 Trap Monitor Tab Figure 21: Trap Monitor Tab When an event occurs, a trap is sent to the defined host address (the setting is made in the SNMP Parameters tab described in Section 3.2.1.3.3). This window displays the recorded traps. Click the Clear List button to clear the display area. 3.2.2 Firmware Upgrade Mode This mode allows the embedded software in managed units to be upgraded. When you select this mode from the Options menu, the following dialog box is displayed.
Figure 22: Firmware Upgrade Mode dialog box NOTE: The Configuration utility does not resolve the topology of the cell. Therefore, firmware upgrades should be made from the central point where the BU/DWL-1800B are located. The list box on the left-hand side of the dialog box displays the managed units; it is sorted sequentially by DWL-1800B followed by DWL-1800R units. To upgrade firmware: 1. Select the units that you wish to upgrade from the list box.
indicating the progress of the operation. If both DWL-1800B and DWL-1800R devices are selected, the program will upgrade DWL-1800R units first. At the end of the upgrade session, the following window is displayed indicating that the operation was successful. Figure 23: Firmware Upgrade Process NOTE: Do not disconnect any cables or try to stop the process before downloading is completed. All configured parameters are saved during the upgrade/download procedure.
3.2.2.1 Advanced TFTP Settings Figure 24: Advanced TFTP Setup dialog box The Advanced TFTP Setup window enables you to tune the TFTP session parameters for a more efficient firmware upgrade, depending on your actual deployment. ?? Packet timeout - Defines the time (in seconds) it takes for a packet to timeout. The range is from 1 to 30 seconds with a default of 3 seconds. ?? Packet Retries - Defines the number of times that a packet will be sent after it timeouts in a TFTP session.
3.2.3 Multiple Unit Configuration Mode This feature allows configuration parameters to be downloaded to multiple units simultaneously. When you select this option in the Options menu, all configuration windows become write-only. Irrelevant parameters are disabled. NOTE: The Configuration Utility does not resolve the topology of the cell. Therefore, multiple unit configuration operations should be done at the location where the DWL-1800B is are located.
3.3 Resetting the SNMP Community Strings The SNMP Read/Write Community strings are an SNMP security feature to restrict management access to authorized persons only. Refer to Section 3.2.1.1.2 To reset the SNMP community strings, insert a paper clip or another suitable tool into the Reset button on the top panel of the unit while the unit is operating. The community strings are reset to the default values, private (Write) and public (Read). 3.
4. SYSTEM TROUBLESHOOTING The following troubleshooting guide provides answers to some of the more common problems that may occur when installing and using the D-Link Air Premier DWL-1800. If problems not mentioned in this guide should arise, checking the Ethernet and WLAN counters may help (see Section 3.2.1.3.4). If the problem persists, please feel free to contact your local distributor or the D-Link Technical Support Department. 4.
Problem and Indication Possible Cause Corrective Action Failure to establish wireless link (“D” models/external antennas) 1. Power supply to units may be faulty. 2. Cables may be improperly connected 3. There may be some problem with antenna installation. Wireless link established, but there is no Ethernet activity (DWL-1800B and DWL-1800R units). 1. Ethernet hub port or UTP cable is faulty. 2. Ethernet port in unit is faulty. 3.
5. TECHNICAL SPECIFICAT IONS 5.1 Supported Standards ?? Compliant with ETS 300 328 and ETS 300 826 (CE marked). ?? IEEE 802.11b HR standard for Wireless LAN at 11 and 5.5 Mbps. ?? IEEE 802.11b standard for 1 and 2 Mbps. 5.
France Output Power (at the antenna port) Sensitivity (BER 10E-6) Processing Gain Integrated Antenna Type FCC ETSI (dBm) Japan TELEC 10-13 -4, -2, 4, 6, 12, 14, 20, 24 -4, -2, 4, 6, 12, 14 -4, -2, 4, 6, 12, 14 Data Rate Sensitivity Modulation 11 Mbit/s 5.5 Mbit/s 2 Mbit/s 1 Mbit/s -85 dBm -88 dBm -90 dBm -93 dBm 256 CCK 16 CCK DQPSK DBPSK 10.4 dB Nominal Flat Panel 16 dBi, 20? Vertical /Horizontal 5.4 Range Europe/ ETSI (20 dBm EIRP) Up to 10 km US FCC Up to 25 km (15 miles) 5.
Baseband (indoor-to-outdoor units) Outdoor units: Shielded RJ-45 with special water proof sealed cap Indoor units: Shielded RJ-45 Ethernet Indoor units: 10BaseT, (RJ-45) with 2 embedded LEDs 5.
5.9 Mechanical Dimensions Outdoor Unit Indoor Unit 30 x 30 x 7.2 cm 12 x 4.7 x 2 in 15.4 x 8.4 x 5.6 cm 6.1 x 3.3 x 2.2 in 5.10 Environmental Operating Temperature Indoor unit: 0?C to 40?C Operating Humidity Outdoor unit: -40?C to 55?C 5% to 95% non-condensing. Outdoor units are weather protected. 5.
APPENDIX A. DWL-1800 FAQ General Can the DWL-1800R indoor unit be placed outdoors? It is not recommended. The DWL-1800 indoor units are specified to operate between 0?C and 40 ?C and is not weather proof so it is best to mount the DWL-1800R indoors or in a protective cabinet. Do DWL-1800 units support 802.1Q VLAN? Yes, but the support is limited to transparent operation. This means that the DWL-1800 does not take any action on 802.1Q frames, but will transparently pass them within a VLAN network.
15 miles/24Km (FCC) or 10 KM (ETSI) can be achieved using the UNI-24 antenna kit for a point-to-point link. Consult the antenna and accessory guide range tables for distances using other antennas. Does the DWL-1800B supports 802.1d spanning tree protocol? No, the DWL-1800B/DWL-1800R does not support spanning tree. What is the normal PER DWL-1800B/DWL-1800R? (Packet Error Rate) for the The error rate will be about 4%-6% (transmitted fragments vs. retry count).
Collocation How many DWL-1800B or DWL-1800R units can be collocated on the same building or tower? You can collocate up to 3 DWL-1800B or DWL-1800R units on the same structure. Each unit is assigned to one of the non-overlapping channels, 1, 6, or 11. Can a Frequency Hopping network operate in the same area as the D-Link Air Premier DWL-1800? Yes, but in a collocated network both products will suffer some a decrease in performance. The degree of performance loss depends on network utilization.
Performance What is the throughput of the D-Link Air Premier DWL-1800? The DWL-1800B/DWL-1800R bridge link typical performance is 4.2Mbps using TCP and 6.2Mbps using UDP. For long-range links, the performance drops by about 5%. What if the D-Link Air Premier DWL-1800 link experiences interference? If interference is affecting the DWL-1800 link, one of the other channels may be selected to operate away from the frequency of the interference. Also, physically re-locating the antennas may help.
Firmware Can the DWL-1800B/ DWL-1800R firmware be upgraded? Yes, the firmware in the DWL-1800B/DWL-1800R is stored in flash and is upgraded using the built in Configuration Utility or the TFTP server. Can the DWL-1800B/DWL-1800R flash be erased or the firmware changed by an unauthorized person? No, the TFTP server in the DWL-1800B/DWL-1800R requires the SNMP write community name (password) to perform an upgrade.
Configuration Can the regulatory domain (country) of a DWL-1800 unit be changed? No. The regulatory domain is factory set. How can the DWL-1800 be configured or managed if the SNMP Community name has been forgotten? Press the reset button on the top panel with a paper clip. This will set the read and write Community names to public and private, respectively. How can the DWL-1800 unit be returned to factory default settings? There are two ways.
Management What management options are available for the DWL-1800? The DWL-1800/DWL-1800D comes with a graphical Configuration Utility that operates on any Windows based network ready PC. With this utility you can configure and monitor every DWL-1800 on your network. You can also use the DWL-1800 SNMP MIB on standard management platforms like SNMPc, and HP Openview. Does the DWL-1800 offer out-of-band management? No, the DWL-1800 does not offer out-of-band management, such as a serial port.
APPENDIX B. PREPARING THE INDOOR TO OUTDOOR CABLE The Indoor-to-Outdoor cable provides pin-to-pin connection on both sides. It is supplied open-ended at both sides, to allow the installer to conveniently route the cable into the waterproof seal off the Outdoor unit and through holes in walls. Figure 26 shows the wire pair connections required for the Indoor-to-Outdoor cable.
APPENDIX C. RADIO SIGNAL PROPAGATION Introduction This section explains and simplifies many of the terms relating to antennas and RF (Radio Frequency) used when dealing with an RF installation system. The following diagram depicts a typical radio system: Figure 27: A Typical Radio System A radio system transmits information to the transmitter. The information is transmitted through an antenna that converts the RF signal into an electromagnetic wave.
RF Power Level RF power level at either the transmitter output or the receiver input is expressed in Watts. It can also be expressed in dBm. The relation between dBm and Watts can be expressed as follows: P dBm = 10 x Log Pmw For example: 1 Watt = 1000 mW; PdBm = 10 x Log 1000 = 30 dBm 100 mW; PdBm = 10 x Log 100 = 20 dBm For link budget calculations, the dBm convention is more convenient than the Watts convention.
Free Space Loss Attenuation of the electromagnetic wave while propagating through space. This attenuation is calculated using the following formula: Free space loss = 32.4 + 20xLog(FMHz) + 20xLog(RKm) F is the RF frequency expressed in MHz. R is the distance between the transmitting and receiving antennas (expressed in Km). At 2.
Antenna Characteristics Isotropic Antenna A hypothetical antenna having equal radiation intensity in all directions. Used as a zero dB gain reference in directivity calculation (gain). Antenna Gain A measure of directivity. It is defined as the ratio of the radiation intensity in a given direction to the radiation intensity that would be obtained if the power accepted by the antenna was radiated equally in all directions (isotropically). Antenna gain is expressed in dBi.
System Characteristics Receiver Sensitivity The minimum RF signal power level required at the input of a receiver for certain performance (e.g. BER). EIRP (Effective Isotropic Radiated Power) The antenna transmitted power. Equal to the transmitted output power minus cable loss plus the transmitting antenna gain.
Link Budget Calculation EIRP = Pout - Ct + Gt = 16 dBm Pl = 32.4 + 20xLog(FMHz) + 20xLog(RKm) ? ?110 dB Si = EIRP - Pl + Gr - Cr = -82 dBm In conclusion, the received signal power is above the sensitivity threshold, so the link should work. The problem is that there is only a 2 dB difference between received signal power and sensitivity. Normally, a higher margin is desirable due to fluctuation in received power as a result of signal fading.
?? Interference Interference may be caused by another system on the same frequency range, external noise, or some other co-located system. The Line of Sight Concept An optical line of sight exists if an imaginary straight line can be drawn connecting the antennas on either side of the link. Clear Line of Sight A clear line of sight exists when no physical objects obstruct viewing one antenna from the location of the other antenna.
Figure 32: Fresnel Zone Clear of Obstacles When at least 80% of the first Fresnel Zone is clear of obstacles, propagation loss is equivalent to that of free space.
FCC Warning This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communication.
AVERTISSEMENT AUX UTILISATEURS La décision N° 01-480 en date du 23 mai 2001 prise par l’Autorité de Régulation des Télécommunications (ART) autorise l’utilisation d’une partie de la bande de fréquences 2400-2483,5 MHz pour les réseaux locaux radioéléctriques (RLAN) Au niveau national, seule la bande 2446,5-2483,5 MHz est autorisée pour des produits ayant une puissance limitée à 100 mW Cette bande de fréquences correspond aux canaux 10,11,12 et 13.
LIMITED WARRANTY D-Link provides this limited warranty for its product only to the person or entity who originally purchased the product from D-Link or its authorized reseller or distributor.
What You Must Do For Warranty Service: Registration Card. The Registration Card provided at the back of this manual must be completed and returned to an Authorized D-Link Service Office for each D-Link product within ninety (90) days after the product is purchased and/or licensed. The addresses/telephone/fax list of the nearest Authorized D-Link Service Office is provided in the back of this manual.
Some states do not allow exclusion or limitation of incidental or consequential damages, or limitations on how long an implied warranty lasts, so the foregoing limitations and exclusions may not apply. This limited warranty provides specific legal rights and the product owner may also have other rights which vary from state to state. Trademarks Copyright ? 1999 D-Link Corporation. Contents subject to change without prior notice. D-Link is a registered trademark of D-Link Corporation/D-Link Systems, Inc.
Offices AUSTRALIA BENELUX CANADA CHILE CHINA DENMARK EGYPT FINLAND FRANCE GERMANY IBERIA INDIA ITALY JAPAN NORWAY RUSSIA SINGAPORE S. AFRICA SWEDEN TAIWAN U.K. U.S.A. D-LINK AUSTRALIA Unit 16, 390 Eastern Valley Way, Roseville, NSW 2069, Australia TEL: 61-2-9417-7100 FAX: 61-2-9417-1077 TOLL FREE: 1800-177-100 (Australia), 0800-900900 (New Zealand) E-MAIL: support@dlink.com.au, URL: www.dlink.com.
Registration Card Print, type or use block letters. Your name: Mr./Ms _____________________________________________________________________________ Organization: ________________________________________________ Dept.
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