DES-3326 24-Port Fast Ethernet Plus 2-Port Gigabit Module Layer 3 Switch User’s Guide Second Edition (July 2002) 651ES3326025 Printed In Taiwan RECYCLABLE
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D-Link Offices for Registration and Warranty Service The product's Registration Card, provided at the back of this manual, must be sent to a D-Link office. To obtain an RMA number for warranty service as to a hardware product, or to obtain warranty service as to a software product, contact the D-Link office nearest you. An address/telephone/fax/e-mail/Web site list of D-Link offices is provided in the back of this manual. Trademarks Copyright 2002 D-Link Corporation.
FCC Warning This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with this user’s guide, may cause harmful interference to radio communications.
Table of Contents Introduction .......................................................................................................................................10 Layer 3 Switching ............................................................................................................................10 The Functions of a Layer 3 Switch.................................................................................................11 Features ........................................................
Internet Protocols ............................................................................................................................46 Packet Headers................................................................................................................................50 The Domain Name System ...............................................................................................................54 DHCP Servers .......................................................................
Runtime Switching Software Default Settings...................................................................................266 Understanding and Troubleshooting the Spanning Tree Protocol......................................................267 Blocking State.............................................................................................................................267 Listening State .........................................................................................................
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide 1 I NTRODUCTION This section describes the Layer 3 functionality and Layer 2 and Layer 3 features of the DES-3326. Some background information about Ethernet/Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, and switching technology is presented. This is intended for readers who may not be familiar with the concepts of layered switching and routing but is not intended to be a complete or in-depth discussion.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The Functions of a Layer 3 Switch Traditional routers, once the core components of large networks, became an obstacle to the migration toward next-generation networks. Attempts to make software-based routers forward packets more quickly were inadequate.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide • Store and forward switching scheme. • Full and half-duplex for both 10Mbps and 100Mbps connections. The front-port Gigabit Ethernet module operates at full duplex only. Full duplex allows the switch port to simultaneously transmit and receive data, and only works with connections to full-duplex capable end stations and switches. Connections to hubs must take place at half-duplex. • Supports IEEE 802.3x flow control for full-duplex mode ports.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide • Hardware-based Layer 3 IP switching. • IP packet forwarding rate of 6.6 Mpps. • 2K active IP address entry table per device. • Supports RIP – (Routing Information Protocol) version I and II. • Supports OSPF − (Open Shortest Path First) • Supports MD5 and Password OSPF Packet Authentication • Supports IP version 4. • IGMP version 1 and 2 support (RFC 1112 and RFC 2236). • Supports PIM Dense Mode. • Supports DVMRP.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide 802.1p MIB (RFC 2674). RIP MIB v2 (RFC 1724). • Supports Web-based management. • TFTP support. • BOOTP support. • BOOTP Relay Agent. • IP filtering on the management interface. • DHCP Client support. • DHCP Relay Agent. • DNS Relay Agent. • Password enabled.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide 2 U NPACKING AND S ETUP This chapter provides unpacking and setup information for the Switch. Unpacking Open the shipping carton of the Switch and carefully unpack its contents.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 2-1. Installing rubber feet for desktop installation Rack Installation The DES-3326 can be mounted in an EIA standard-sized, 19-inch rack, which can be placed in a wiring closet with other equipment. To install, attach the mounting brackets on the switch’s side panels (one on each side) and secure them with the screws provided. Figure 2- 2A.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Power on The DES-3326 switch can be used with AC power supply 100-240 VAC, 50 - 60 Hz. The power switch is located at the rear of the unit adjacent to the AC power connector and the system fan. The switch’s power supply will adjust to the local power source automatically and may be turned on without having any or all LAN segment cables connected.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide 3 I DENTIFYING E XTERNAL C OMPONENTS This chapter describes the front panel, rear panel, optional plug-in modules, and LED indicators of the DES-3326. Front Panel The front panel of the Switch consists of LED indicators, an RS-232 communication port, a slide-in module slot, one switched MDI-X/MDI-II uplink port, and 23 (10/100 Mbps) Ethernet/Fast Ethernet ports. Figure 3-1.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide ♦ The AC power connector is a standard three-pronged connector that supports the power cord. Plug-in the female connector of the provided power cord into this socket, and the male side of the cord into a power outlet. Supported input voltages range from 100 ~ 240 VAC at 50 ~ 60 Hz. Side Panels The right side panel of the Switch contains two system fans (see the top part of the diagram below). The left side panel contains heat vents. Figure 3-4.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide 1000BASE-SX Fiber Module Figure 3-6. 1000BASE-SX two-port module ♦ Front-panel module. ♦ Connects to 1000BASE-SX devices at full duplex. ♦ Allows connections using multi-mode fiber optic cable in the following configurations: Modal bandwidth 62.5µm 62.5µm 50µm 50µm 160 200 400 500 220 275 500 550 2.33 2.53 3.25 3.43 (min.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide GBIC Two-Port Module Figure 3-8. GBIC two-port module ♦ Front-panel module. ♦ Connects to GBIC devices at full duplex only. ♦ Allows multi-mode fiber optic connections of up to 550 m (SX and LX) and single-mode fiber optic connections of up to 5 km (LX only). GBIC modules are available in –SX and –LX fiber optic media. LED Indicators The LED indicators of the Switch include Power, Console, and Link/Act.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide 4 C ONNECTING T HE S WITCH This chapter describes how to connect the DES 3326 to your Fast Ethernet network. Switch to End Node End nodes include PCs outfitted with a 10, 100 or 10/100 Mbps RJ-45 Ethernet/Fast Ethernet Network Interface Card (NIC) and most routers. The RJ-45 UTP ports on NICs and most routers are MDI-II. When using a normal straight-through cable, an MDI-II port must connect to an MDI-X port.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide ♦ A 10BASE-T hub or switch can be connected to the Switch via a two-pair Category 3, 4 or 5 UTP/STP straight cable. ♦ A 100BASE-TX hub or switch can be connected to the Switch via a two-pair Category 5e UTP/STP straight cable.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide 5 S WITCH M ANAGEMENT AND O PERATING C ONCEPTS This chapter discusses many of the concepts and features used to manage the switch, as well as the concepts necessary for the user to understand the functioning of the switch. Further, this chapter explains many important points regarding these features. Configuring the switch to implement these concepts and make use of its many features is discussed in detail in the next chapters.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide • Flow Control None Make sure the terminal or PC you are using to make this connection is configured to match these settings. If you are having problems making this connection on a PC, make sure the emulation is set to VT100. If you still don’t see anything, try hitting + r to refresh the screen.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide In addition, you can also set an IP Address for a gateway router. This becomes necessary when the network management station is located on a different IP network from the Switch, making it necessary for management packets to go through a router to reach the network manager, and vice-versa. For security, you can set in the Switch a list of IP Addresses of the network managers that you allow to manage the Switch.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide SNMP The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is an OSI layer 7 (the application layer) protocol for remotely monitoring and configuring network devices. SNMP enables network management stations to read and modify the settings of gateways, routers, switches, and other network devices.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide • Authentication Failure This trap signifies that someone has tried to logon to the switch using an invalid SNMP community string. The switch automatically stores the source IP address of the unauthorized user. • Topology Change A Topology Change trap is sent by the Switch when any of its configured ports transitions from the Learning state to the Forwarding state, or from the Forwarding state to the Blocking state.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide transmitted to all ports, are transmitted to the destination port only. Example: if Port 1 receives a packet destined for a station on Port 2, the Switch transmits that packet through Port 2 only, and transmits nothing through the other ports. This process is referred to as ‘learning’ the network topology. MAC Address Aging Time The Aging Time affects the learning process of the Switch.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide another can be filtered from the network. The entry may specified as a source, a destination, or both (switch must be in IP Routing mode). Spanning Tree The IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol allows for the blocking of links between switches that form loops within the network. When multiple links between switches are detected, a primary link is established. Duplicated links are blocked from use and become standby links.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide BPDU that may return the port to the blocking state. Table 5-1.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide • A designated switch is selected. This is the switch closest to the root switch through which packets will be forwarded to the root. • A port for each switch is selected. This is the port providing the best path from the switch to the root switch. • Ports included in the STP are selected.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide • From forwarding to disabled • From disabled to blocking Figure 5-3. STP Port State Transitions When STP is enabled, every port on every switch in the network goes through the blocking state and then transitions through the states of listening and learning at power up. If properly configured, each port stabilizes to the forwarding or blocking state.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide User-Changeable STA Parameters The factory default setting should cover the majority of installations. However, it is advisable to keep the default settings as set at the factory; unless, it is absolutely necessary. The user changeable parameters in the Switch are as follows: • Priority Priority. • Hello Time The Hello Time can be from 1 to 10 seconds.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 5-4. Before Applying the STA Rules In this example, only the default STP values are used. Figure 5-6. After Applying the STA Rules The switch with the lowest Bridge ID (switch C) was elected the root bridge, and the ports were selected to give a high port cost between switches B and C. The two (optional) Gigabit ports (default port cost = 10) on switch A are connected to one (optional) Gigabit port on both switch B and C.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide designated as the master port of the group. Since all members of the link aggregation group must be configured to operate in the same manner, the configuration of the master port is applied to all members of the link aggregation group. Thus, when configuring the ports in a link aggregation group, you only need to configure the master port.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide VLANs A VLAN is a collection of end nodes grouped by logic rather than physical location. End nodes that frequently communicate with each other are assigned to the same VLAN, regardless of where they are located physically on the network. Logically, a VLAN can be equated to a broadcast domain, because broadcast packets are forwarded only to members of the VLAN on which the broadcast was initiated. Notes About VLANs on the DES-3326 1.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide • Egress rules – determines if the packet must be sent tagged or untagged. Figure 5-8. IEEE 802.1Q Packet Forwarding 802.1Q VLAN Tags The figure below shows the 802.1Q VLAN tag. There are four additional octets inserted after the source MAC address. Their presence is indicated by a value of 0x8100 in the EtherType field. When a packet’s EtherType field is equal to 0x8100, the packet carries the IEEE 802.1Q/802.1p tag.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The EtherType and VLAN ID are inserted after the MAC source address, but before the original EtherType/Length or Logical Link Control. Because the packet is now a bit longer than it was originally, the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) must be recalculated. Figure 5-10. Adding an IEEE 802.1Q Tag Port VLAN ID Packets that are tagged (are carrying the 802.1Q VID information) can be transmitted from one 802.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide not? If the transmitting port is connected to a tag-unaware device, the packet should be untagged. If the transmitting port is connected to a tag-aware device, the packet should be tagged. Tagging and Untagging Every port on an 802.1Q compliant switch can be configured as tagging or untagging. Ports with tagging enabled will put the VID number, priority and other VLAN information into the header of all packets that flow into and out of it.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Layer 3-Based VLANs Layer 3-based VLANs use network-layer addresses (subnet address for TCP/IP) to determine VLAN membership. These VLANs are based on layer 3 information, but this does not constitute a ‘routing’ function. The DES-3326 allows an IP subnet to be configured for each 802.1Q VLAN that exists on the switch.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide address easier to read. A computer sees an IP address not as four decimal numbers, but as a long string of binary digits (32 binary digits or 32 bits, IP addresses are 32-bit addresses). The three IP addresses in the example above, written in binary form are: 1. 2. 3. 11010010.11001010.11001100.11001101 10111101.00010101.11110001.00111000 01111101.01010111.00000000.00000001 The dots are included to make the numbers easier to read.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Class D addresses are reserved for multicasting. Class E Addresses are reserved for future use. They are not used for node addresses. The part of the IP address that belongs to the network is the part that is ‘hidden’ by the ‘1’s in the subnet mask. This can be seen below: • • • Class A Class B Class C NETWORK.node.node.node NETWORK.NETWORK.node.node NETWORK.NETWORK.NETWORK.node For example, the IP address 10.42.73.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide This example uses an 11-bit subnet mask. (There are 3 additional bits added to the default Class A subnet mask). So the number of subnets is: 23 – 2 = 8 – 2 = 6 Subnets of all “0”s and all “1”s are not allowed, so 2 subnets are subtracted from the total.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide # of Bits 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Subnet Mask CIDR Notation /18 /19 /20 /21 /22 /23 /24 /25 /26 /27 /28 /29 /30 255.255.192 255.255.224.0 255.255.240.0 255.255.248.0 255.255.252.0 255.255.254.0 255.255.255.0 255.255.255.128 255.255.255.192 255.255.255.224 255.255.255.240 255.255.255.248 255.255.255.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide VLAN Name VID Network Address IP Address System (default) 1 10.32.0.0 10.32.0.1 Engineering 2 10.64.0.0 10.64.0.1 Marketing 3 10.96.0.0 10.96.0.1 Finance 4 10.128.0.0 10.128.0.1 Sales 5 10.160.0.0 10.160.0.1 Backbone 6 10.192.0.0 10.192.0.1 Table 5-9. VLAN Example – Assigned IP Addresses The 6 IP interfaces, each with an IP address (listed in the table above), and a subnet mask of 255.224.0.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Protocol Layering The Internet Protocol (IP) divides the tasks necessary to route and forward packets across networks by using a layered approach. Each layer has clearly defined tasks, protocol, and interfaces for communicating with adjacent layers, but the exact way these tasks are accomplished is left to individual software designers.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 5-12. The Protocol Stack Between two protocol stacks, members of the same layer are known as peers and communicate by wellknown (open and published) protocols. Within a protocol stack, adjacent layers communicate by an internal interface. This interface is usually not publicly documented and is frequently proprietary. It has some of the same characteristics of a protocol and two stacks from the same software vendor may communicate in the same way.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Layer 3 Commonly referred to as the routing layer, this layer provides logical partitioning of networks (subnetting), scalability, security, and Quality of Service (QoS). The backbone of the Internet is built using Layer 3 functions. IP is the premier Layer 3 protocol. IP is itself, only one protocol in the IP protocol suite. More extensive capabilities are found in the other protocols of the IP suite.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Because these functions are required by a large number of applications, they are grouped into a single protocol, rather than being the part of the specifications for just sending e-mail. TCP is then a library of routines that application software can use when reliable network communications are required. IP is also a library of routines, but with a more general set of functions. IP handles the routing of packets from the source to the destination.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 5-13. TCP Packet Header When packets have been successfully received, TCP sends an acknowledgement. This is simply a packet that has the acknowledgement number field filled in. An acknowledgement number of 1000 indicates that all of the data up to octet 1000 has been received. If the transmitting TCP does not receive an acknowledgement in a reasonable amount of time, the data is resent.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 5-14. IP Packet Header The flags and fragment offset are used to keep track of packets that must be divided among several smaller packets to cross networks for which they are too large. The Time-to-Live (TTL) is the number of gateways the packet is allowed to cross between the source and destination. This number is decremented by one when the packet crosses a gateway and when the TTL reaches zero, the packet is dropped.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide When a packet is received, the headers are removed. The Ethernet Network Interface Card (NIC) removes the Ethernet header and checks the checksum. It then looks at the type code. If the type code is for IP, the packet is given to IP. IP then removes the IP header and looks at its protocol field. If the protocol field is TCP, the packet is sent to TCP.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide to determine the remote computer’s address before a connection can be made. A designated computer on the network will contain a database of computer names and their corresponding IP and MAC addresses. The user’s computer will send a query to the name database computer, and the database computer will send a response. Both the query and the response are very short.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Domain Name Resolution The domain name system can be used by contacting the name servers one at a time, or by asking the domain name system to do the complete name translation. The client makes a query containing the name, the type of answer required, and a code specifying whether the domain name system should do the entire name translation, or simply return the address of the next DNS server if the server receiving the query cannot resolve the name.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide For IP to work, the local system must be attached to a network. It is safe to assume that any system on this network can send packets to any other system, but when packets must cross other networks to reach a destination on a remote network, these packets must be handled by gateways (also called routers). Gateways connect a network with one or more other networks.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide ARP The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) determines the MAC address and IP address correspondence for a network device. A local computer will maintain an ARP cache that is a table of MAC addresses and the corresponding IP addresses. Before a connection with another computer is made, the local computer first checks its ARP cache to determine whether the remote computer has an entry.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide 224.0.0.2 All Routers on this subnet 224.0.0.3 Unassigned 224.0.0.4 DVMRP Routers 224.0.0.5 OSPF IGP Routers 224.0.0.6 OSPF IGP Designated Routers 224.0.0.7 ST Routers 224.0.0.8 ST Hosts 224.0.0.9 All RIP2 Routers 224.0.0.10 All IGRP Routers 224.0.0.11 Mobile Agents 224.0.0.12 DHCP Servers and Relay Agents 224.0.0.13 All PIM Routers 224.0.0.14 RSVP Encapsulation 224.0.0.15 All CBT Routers 224.0.0.16 Designated Sbm 224.0.0.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide IGMP Versions 1 and 2 Users that want to receive multicast packets need to be able to join and leave multicast groups. This is accomplished using IGMP. Figure 5-18. IGMP Message Format The IGMP Type codes are shown below: Type 0x11 0x1 1 0x1 6 0x1 7 0x1 2 Meaning Membership Query (if Group Address is 0.0.0.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The transition states a host will go through to join or leave a multicast group are shown in the diagram below. Figure 5-19. IGMP State Transitions Multicast Routing Algorithms An algorithm is not a program. An algorithm is a statement of how a problem can be solved. A program is written to implement an algorithm.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide packet on all links except the one on which it was received. This guarantees that all routers in the network will receive a copy of the packet. The only information the router needs to store is whether a link is a part of the spanning tree (leads to a router) or not. Multicast spanning trees do not use group membership information when deciding to forward or drop a given multicast packet.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Multicast Routing Protocols This section contains an overview of two multicast routing protocols – Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol (DVMRP), and Protocol Independent Multicast-Dense Mode (PIM-DM). The most commonly used routing protocol (not a multicast routing protocol), the Routing Information Protocol, is discussed in a later section.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Every 30 seconds, a router running RIP broadcasts a routing update containing a set of pairs of network addresses and a distance (represented by the number of hops or routers between the advertising router and the remote network). So, the vector is the network address and the distance is measured by the number of routers between the local router and the remote network.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 5-20. RIP v.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The COMMAND field specifies an operation according the following table: Command Meaning 1 Request for partial or full routing information 2 Response containing network-distance pairs from sender’s routing table 3 Turn on trace mode (obsolete) 4 Turn off trace mode (obsolete) 5 Reserved for Sun Microsystem’s internal use 9 Update Request 10 Update Response 11 Update Acknowledgement Table 5-12.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 5-21. RIP Message Format RIP version 2 also adds a 16-bit route tag that is retained and sent with router updates. It can be used to identify the origin of the route. Because the version number in RIP2 occupies the same octet as in RIP1, both versions of the protocols can be used on a given router simultaneously without interference.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The Link-State Algorithm An OSPF router uses a link-state algorithm to build a shortest path tree to all destinations known to the router. The following is a simplified description of the algorithm’s steps: 1. When OSPF is started, or when a change in the routing information changes, the router generates a link-state advertisement. This advertisement is a specially formatted packet that contains information about all the link-states on the router. 2.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Router A 128.213.0.0 Router B 192.128.11.0 Router C Router D 222.211.10.0 Figure 5-22. Constructing a Shortest Path Tree Router A 0 128.213.0.0 10 10 Router B 5 Router C 5 192.213.11.0 10 Router D 10 222.211.10.0 Figure 5-23. Constructing a Shortest Path Tree The diagram above shows the network from the viewpoint of Router A. Router A can reach 192.213.11.0 through Router B with a cost of 10+5=15. Router A can reach 222.211.10.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Router A 0 128.213.0.0 10 Router B 10 Router C 10 5 192.213.11.0 222.211.10.0 Figure 5-24. Constructing a Shortest Path Tree - Completed Note that this shortest path tree is only from the viewpoint of Router A. The cost of the link from Router B to Router A, for instance is not important to constructing Router A’s shortest path tree, but is very important when Router B is constructing its shortest path tree.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide • Summary Link-State Updates – issued by Border Routers and describe links to networks outside the area but within the Autonomous System (AS). • Network Link-State Updates – issued by multi-access areas that have more than one attached router. One router is elected as the Designated Router (DR) and this router issues the network link-state updates describing every router on the segment.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The backbone is at the center of all other areas − all areas of the network have a physical (or virtual) connection to the backbone through a router. OSPF allows routing information to be distributed by forwarding it into area 0, from which the information can be forwarded to all other areas (and all other routers) on the network.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide • Stub Area Flag − any two routers also have to have the same stub area flag in their Hello packets in order to become neighbors. Adjacencies Adjacent routers go beyond the simple Hello exchange and participate in the link-state database exchange process. OSPF elects one router as the Designated Router (DR) and a second router as the Backup Designated Router (BDR) on each multi-access segment (the BDR is a backup in case of a DR failure).
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Adjacencies on Point-to-Point Interfaces OSPF Routers that are linked using point-to-point interfaces (such as serial links) will always form adjacencies. The concepts of DR and BDR are unnecessary. OSPF Packet Formats All OSPF packet types begin with a standard 24-byte header and there are five packet types. The header is described first, and each packet type is described in a subsequent section.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Field Description Version No. The OSPF version number Type The OSPF packet type. are as follows: Type The OSPF packet types Description 1 Hello 2 Database Description 3 Link-State Request 4 Link-State Update 5 Link-State Acknowledgment Packet Length The length of the packet in bytes. This length includes the 24-byte header. Router ID The Router ID of the packet’s source.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The format of the Hello packet is shown below: Hello Packet Version No. 1 Packet Length Router ID Area ID Checksum Authentication Type Authentication Authentication Network Mask Hello Interval Options Router Priority Router Dead Interval Designated Router Backup Designated Router Neighbor Figure 5-26. Hello Packet Field Description Network Mask The network mask associated with this interface.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Table 5-14. Hello Packet The Database Description Packet Database Description packets are OSPF packet type 2. These packets are exchanged when an adjacency is being initialized. They describe the contents of the topological database. Multiple packets may be used to describe the database. For this purpose a poll-response procedure is used. One of the routers is designated to be master, the other a slave.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The Link-State Request Packet Link-State Request packets are OSPF packet type 3. After exchanging Database Description packets with a neighboring router, a router may find that parts of its topological database are out of date. The Link-State Request packet is used to request the pieces of the neighbor’s database that are more up to date. Multiple Link-State Request packets may need to be used.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Link-State Update Packet 4 Version No. Packet Length Router ID Area ID Checksum Authentication Type Authentication Authentication Number of Advertisements Link-State Advertisements ... Figure 5-30. Link-State Update Packet The body of the Link-State Update packet consists of a list of link-state advertisements. Each advertisement begins with a common 20-byte header, the link-state advertisement header.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Each acknowledged link-state advertisement is described by its link-state advertisement header. It contains all the information required to uniquely identify both the advertisement and the advertisement’s current instance. Link-State Advertisement Formats There are five distinct types of link-state advertisements. Each link-state advertisement begins with a standard 20-byte link-state advertisement header.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Field Description Link State Age The time is seconds since the link state advertisement was originated. Options The optional capabilities supported by the described portion of the routing domain. Link State Type The type of the link state advertisement. Each link state type has a separate advertisement format.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Routers Links Advertisements Link-State Age Options Link-State Type Link-State ID Advertising Router Link-State Sequence Number Link-State Checksum Reserved V E B Length Reserved Number of Links Link ID Link Data Type TOS No. Of TOS TOS 0 Metric 0 Metric ... TOS 0 Metric ... Link ID Link Data Figure 5-33. Routers Links Advertisement In router links advertisements, the Link State ID field is set to the router’s OSPF Router ID.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide network’s IP address mask. For other link types the Link Data specifies the router’s associated IP interface address. Field Type Description A quick classification of the router link. One of the following: Type Link ID Description 1 Point-to-point connection to another router. 2 Connection to a transit network. 3 Connection to a stub network. 4 Virtual link. Identifies the object that this router link connects to.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Field Description TOS IP Type of Service that this metric refers to. Metric The cost of using this outbound router link, for traffic of the specified TOS. Table 5-19. Routers Links Advertisement − Continued Network Links Advertisements Network links advertisements are Type 2 link state advertisements. A network links advertisement is originated for each transit network in the area.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Summary Link Advertisements Summary link advertisements are Type 3 and 4 link state advertisements. These advertisements are originated by Area Border routers. A separate summary link advertisement is made for each destination known to the router, that belongs to the Autonomous System (AS), yet is outside the area. Type 3 link state advertisements are used when the destination is an IP network.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Table 5-21. Summary Link Advertisement Autonomous Systems External Link Advertisements Autonomous Systems (AS) link advertisements are Type 5 link state advertisements. These advertisements are originated by AS boundary routers. A separate advertisement is made for each destination known to the router that is external to the AS. AS external link advertisements usually describe a particular external destination.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide External Route Tag A 32-bit field attached to each external route. This is not used by the OSPF protocol itself. Table 5-21.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide 6 C ONFIGURING THE S WITCH U SING THE C ONSOLE I NTERFACE The DES-3326 supports a console management interface that allows the user to connect to the switch’s management agent via a serial port and a terminal or a computer running a terminal emulation program. The console can also be used over the network using the TCP/IP Telnet protocol.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide function as a layer 2 VLAN and would require an external router to connect to the rest of the network. 6. Develop a policy scheme. Some subnets will have a greater need for multicasting bandwidth, for example. A policy is a mechanism to alter the normal packet forwarding in a network device, and can be used to intelligently allocate bandwidth to time-critical applications such as the integration of voice, video, and data on the network. 7.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Connecting to the Switch The console interface is used by connecting the Switch to a VT100-compatible terminal or a computer running an ordinary terminal emulator program (e.g., the HyperTerminal program included with the Windows operating system) using an RS-232C serial cable.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-1. Initial Console screen The factory default Username is “admin”, there is no factory default password. Enter “admin” for the Username and leave the Password field blank to access the console initially Enter the factory default username (“admin”) and leave the Password field blank. Press Enter and Access will be given to the main menu, as shown below: Figure 6-2. Main Menu The first user automatically gets Root privileges (See Table 6-1).
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-3. Main Menu Figure 6-4. Setup User Accounts Menu User Accounts Management From the Main Menu, highlight Setup User Accounts and press Enter, then the Setup User Accounts menu appears. 1. Toggle the Action field to Add using the space bar. This will allow the addition of a new user. The other options are Delete, this allows the deletion of a user entry, and Update, this allows for changes to be made to an existing user entry. 2.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Root, User+ and Normal User Privileges There are three levels of user privileges: Root and User+, and User.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Saving Changes Selecting APPLY from a console menu makes the configuration effective for the current session only. The configuration data will be lost if the switch is restarted. To make the configuration effective after a switch restart, select Save Changes to enter the configuration into non-volatile (NV-RAM). The DES-3326 has two levels of memory: normal RAM and non-volatile or NV-RAM.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Loading Factory Defaults Loading the factory defaults returns the switch’s configuration to the factory default values. This will clear all settings and restore them to their initial values listed in the appendix. Figure 6-7. Main Menu Highlight Reboot from the Main Menu and press Enter. Figure 6-8.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide 3. The Main Menu screen will be displayed based on your access level or privilege. Updating or Deleting User Accounts To update or delete a user password: Choose Setup User Accounts from the Main Menu. The following Setup User Accounts menu appears: Figure 6-9. Setup User Accounts screen 1. Toggle the Action field using the space bar to choose Add, Update, or Delete. 2.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Highlight Setup User Accounts from the Main Menu. The current user accounts can be read from following screen: Figure 6-10. Setup User Accounts screen Deleting a User Account To delete a user account: Figure 6-11. Setup User Accounts screen 1. Toggle the Action field to Delete. 2. Enter the Username and Old Password for the account you want to delete. You must enter the password for the account to be able to delete it. 3.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Setting Up The Switch Basic Setup This section will help prepare the Switch user by describing the Switch Information, IP Setup, Remote Management Setup, Configure Ports, Serial Port Settings and Switch Settings menus. Figure 6-12. Main Menu – Switch Information Switch Information Highlight Switch Information from the Main Menu and press Enter: Figure 6-13.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Remote Management Setup Configuring the Switch’s IP Address The BOOTP and DHCP Server options for assigning the switch an IP address and subnet mask are only available when the switch is in Layer 2 Only mode. The IP Routing mode requires a manual entry of the IP address and subnet mask. The Switch needs to have an IP address assigned to it so that an In-Band network management system (for example, the DView or Telnet) client can find it on the network.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The Get IP From options are: • BOOTP – The switch will send out a BOOTP broadcast request when it is powered up. The BOOTP protocol allows IP addresses, network masks, and default gateways to be assigned by a central BOOTP server. If this option is set, the Switch will first look for a BOOTP server to provide it with this information before using the default or previously entered settings.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-15. Remote Management Setup menu Management stations are computers on the network that will be used to manage the switch. You can limit the number of possible management stations by entering up to three IP addresses in the Management Station IP Settings field. If the three IP Address fields contain all zeros (“0”), then any station with any IP address can access the switch to manage and configure it.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Configure Ports Highlight Configure Ports from the Main Menu and press Enter: Figure 6-17. Configure Ports Screen Toggle the View Ports field, using the space bar, to view the configuration of either ports 1 through 12 or ports 13 through 24. To configure a specific port, toggle the Configure Port field until the appropriate port number appears. Toggle the State field to either Enabled or Disabled a given port.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Parameter View Ports: <1 to 12 > Description Toggle the View Ports field, using the space bar, to view the configuration of either ports 1 through 12 or ports 13 through 24. State: Toggle the State field to either Enable or Disable a given port. Speed/Duplex: Toggle the Speed/Duplex field to either select the speed and duplex/half-duplex state of the port. Auto – auto-negotiation between 10 and 100 Mbps devices, full- or half-duplex.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-18. Serial Port Settings screen Toggle the Serial port setting field to select either the Console or SLIP protocol. The following fields can then be set: Console Settings Parameter Description Baud Rate Displays the serial bit rate used to communicate with a management station. The console baud rate is 9600 bits per second. Data bits Displays the number of bits that make up a word when communicating with the management station.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide apply when the port is used for the console port. Available speeds are 2400, 9600, 19200 and 38400 bits per second. The default setting is 9600. Interface Name This allows for the naming of the SLIP interface for easy reference. Local IP Address This is an IP address assigned to the serial port when it is used for SLIP communications.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-19. Switch Settings menu Highlight Switch Operation Mode on the Switch Settings menu and press Enter. Figure 6-20. Switch Operation Mode screen The field Select switch operation mode can be toggled using the space bar to one of the two switch operation modes: Layer 2 Only, Support IEEE 802.1Q VLANs and IP Routing, Support IEEE 802.1Q VLANs. To make a change in the operation mode of the switch effective, highlight APPLY and press Enter.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-21. Change Mode Confirmation screen Type y and press Enter. The switch will then save the changes made during the current session and reboot. The switch must be rebooted to change the operation mode. Menu Changes with Switch Operating Mode Once the switch is configured for IP Routing (Layer 3 Switching), and rebooted, the Main Menu adds some functions compared to the Layer 2 Only mode.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-23. Main Menu – Layer 3 IP Routing Mode This is the Main Menu when the switch is in Layer 3 mode. Note that the configuration functions necessary for Layer 3 operation have been added to the same Main Menu entries used for Layer 2 mode. Layer 3 IP Networking entry has been added to allow the creation and editing of IP interfaces and the configuration of the RIP and OSPF routing protocols.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The Select switch operation mode field can be toggled between Layer 2 Only, Support IEEE802.1Q VLANs (Layer 2 mode) and IP Routing, Support IEEE 802.1Q VLANs (Layer 3 mode). Highlight APPLY and press Enter. The switch will then reboot. When the switch finishes rebooting, it will be in the new operating mode. Configuration changes made while in the Layer 3 mode (and saved using Save Changes) will be saved while the switch is in Layer 2 mode.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide between 10 and 1,000,000 seconds. IGMP Snooping: Switch GVRP : Switch GMRP : Allows you to set IGMP snooping globally on the switch by selecting Enabled or Disabled. Allows the Group VLAN Registration Protocol (GVRP) to be globally Enabled or Disabled on the switch. Allows the Group Multicast Registration Protocol (GMRP) to be globally Enabled or Disabled on the switch.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-27. Layer 3 IP Routing Protocol Settings screen The following fields can then be set: Parameter Description DVMRP state : Allows the Distance-Vector Multicast Routing Protocol (DVMRP) to be Enabled or Disabled globally on the switch. PIM-DM state: Allows the Protocol Independent Multicast − Dense Mode (PIM-DM) multicast routing protocol to be Enabled or Disabled globally on the switch.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Serial Port Settings Serial Port Settings Utilities Utilities Upgrade Firmware from TFTP Server Use Configuration File on TFTP Server Save Settings to TFTP Server Save History Log to TFTP Server Ping Test BOOTP/DHCP Relay DNS Relay Network Monitoring Network Monitoring Menu Port Utilization Port Error Packets Port Packet Analysis Browse MAC Address Browse IP Address Routing Table ARP Table Default IP Table OSPF LSDB Table GVRP GMRP Browse Router Port
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Setup IEEE 802.1Q Multicasting Forwarding Setup IP Multicasting Multicast Interface Configuration IGMP Interface Configuration IGMP Static Member Configuration DVMRP Interface Configuration PIM-DM Interface Configuration Setup Static Router Port VLANs VLAN Menu Edit 802.1Q VLANs Configure 802.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The VLAN menu adds an entry to edit the VLAN definitions and to configure the port settings for IEEE 802.1Q VLAN support. Highlight VLANs from the Main Menu and press Enter. Figure 6-28. VLAN Menu To create an 802.1Q VLAN, highlight Edit 802.1Q VLANs and press Enter: Figure 6-29. Edit 802.1Q VLANs screen Parameter Description Action: This field can be toggled using the space bar between Add/Modify and Delete.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide of the VLAN. Egress Member Ports are ports that will be transmitting traffic for the VLAN. These ports can be either tagged or untagged. F Forbidden Non-Member - specifies the port as not being a member of the VLAN and that the port is forbidden from becoming a member of the VLAN dynamically. - Non-Member - specifies the port as not being a member of the VLAN, but the port can become a member of the VLAN dynamically.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide In the following example screen, the VLAN “evilJulius” - VID# 2 – has been added. Ports 1, 2, 12, 14, 17, 25, and 26 are Egress ports (static members of “evilJulius”. Ports 5, 6, and 7 are Forbidden ports (non-members and are not allowed to join the VLAN “evilJulius” dynamically. Example Edit 802.1Q VLAN screen: Figure 6-30. Edit 802.1Q VLANs screen To configure the member ports of an 802.1Q VLAN: Highlight VLANs from the Main Menu and press Enter.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-32. Configure 802.1Q Port Settings screen The following fields can be set: Parameter Description Module: This allows you to toggle between the Base Unit and Slot-1. Configure Port from [ ] to [ ] This allows the entry of a contiguous range of port numbers to be configured.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide To configure a port’s 802.1Q VLAN settings: Highlight the Configure Port from [ ] to [ ] field and enter the range of port numbers you want to configure. As an alternative you can use the arrow keys to highlight the PVID# field and enter the PVID for the VLAN’s member ports you want to configure. Use the arrow keys to highlight the remaining fields and the space bar to toggle between On and Off. To edit an existing 802.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide To delete an entire VLAN, toggle the Action field to Delete, enter either the VID or the VLAN Name in the appropriate field and press Enter. Highlight Apply and press Enter. The selected VLAN will be deleted. To enter the change into Non-volatile RAM, select Save Changes from the Main Menu. 802.1Q VLANs are edited by specifying which ports will be Egress Members, Forbidden non-members or non-members.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Table 6-3. VLAN Example – Assigned Ports In this case, 6 IP interfaces are required, so a CIDR notation of 10.32.0.0/11 (or a 11-bit) addressing scheme will work. This addressing scheme will give a subnet mask of 11111111.11100000.00000000.00000000 (binary) or 255.224.0.0 (decimal). Using a 10.xxx.xxx.xxx IP address notation, the above example would give 6 network addresses and 6 subnets.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-36. Setup Layer 3 – IP Networking menu Highlight Setup IP Interface and press Enter. Figure 6-37. Layer 3 – IP Networking Menu Toggle the Action field to Add/Modify. Choose a name for the interface to be added and enter it in the Interface Name field. The corresponding VLAN ID must also be entered in the VID field. Enter the interface’s IP address and subnet mask in the corresponding fields.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The following fields can be set: Parameter Description Action: This field can be toggled using the space bar between Add/Modify and Delete. Add/Modify allows for the creation of a new IP interface or changes to an existing IP interface. Delete allows for the deletion of an existing IP interface from the switch. Interface Name:[ This field allows the entry of a name for the IP interface. The default IP interface is named “System”.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Setup Routing Information Protocol (RIP) If an IP Interface is created while RIP is enabled, the TX Mode default will be V2 Only and the RX Mode default will be V1 and V2. To access the Setup RIP Configuration menu, highlight Setup RIP Configuration from the Setup Layer 3 IP − Networking menu and press Enter. Figure 6-39.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The following fields can be set: Parameter Interface name: [ Description The name of the IP interface on which RIP is to be setup. This interface must be previously configured on the switch. ] TX Mode Toggle among Disabled, V1 Only, V1 Compatible, and V2 Only. This entry specifies which version of the RIP protocol will be used to transmit RIP packets. Disabled prevents the transmission of RIP packets.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide This screen allows the entry of a 16-character Message Digest (version 5 − MD5) key that can be used to authenticate every packet exchanged between OSPF routers. It is used as a security mechanism to limit the exchange of network topology information to the OSPF routing domain. The following fields can be set: Parameter Description Action: This field can be toggled using the space bar between Add/Modify and Delete.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-43. Setup RIP screen The following fields can be set: Parameter Interface name:[System Description ] The name of the IP interface on which RIP is to be setup. This interface must be previously configured on the switch. TX Mode Toggle among Disabled, V1 Only, V1 Compatible, and V2 Only. This entry specifies which version of the RIP protocol will be used to transmit RIP packets. Disabled prevents the transmission of RIP packets.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Setup OSPF Highlight Setup OSPF from the Setup Layer 3 - IP Networking menu and press Enter to access the Setup OSPF menu. Figure 6-44. Setup OSPF menu Each menu item is explained as follows: • OSPF Area Setting – Allows the configuration of sub-domains called OSPF areas and the designating them as either Normal or Stub areas. Normal areas allow the advertisement of external routes and stub areas do not.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The following fields can be set: Parameter OSPF Router ID:[ ] Current ID:[ ] Router Description A 32-bit number (in the form of an IP address − xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx) that uniquely identifies the switch in the OSPF domain. It is common to assign the highest IP address assigned to the switch (router). In this case, it would be 10.255.255.255, but any unique 32-bit number will do. If 0.0.0.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The following fields can be set: Parameter Description Action: This field can be toggled using the space bar between Add/Modify and Delete. Add/Modify allows for the creation of a new OSPF Area or changes to an existing OSPF Area. Delete allows for the deletion of an existing OSPF Area. Area ID:[0.0.0.0 A 32-bit number in the form of an IP address (xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx) that uniquely identifies the OSPF area in the OSPF domain.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The following fields can be set: Parameter Interface Name:[System ] Description Allows the entry of the name of an IP interface previously configured on the switch. Area ID:[0.0.0.0] Allows the entry of an OSPF Area ID configured above. Router Priority:[1] Allows the entry of a number between 0 and 255 representing the OSPF priority of the selected area.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Virtual Interface Configuration Virtual Interfaces are used by OSPF to link areas that do not have a physical connection to the backbone (also called Area 0) or to link areas of the backbone itself that are discontinuous. This allows routing information to flow from an area that is physically disconnected from area 0 into area 0 by configuring an interface across one of the areas previously defined above.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Status Displays the current status (UP or DOWN) of the corresponding OSPF Virtual Interface. Area Aggregation Configuration Area Aggregation allows all of the routing information that may be contained within an area to be aggregated into a summary LSDB advertisement of just the network address and subnet mask.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Advertisement: This field can be toggled between Yes and No using the space bar. It determines whether or not the selected OSPF Area will advertise it’s summary LSDB (Network-Number and Network-Mask) or not. Route Redistribution Settings Route redistribution allows routers on the network that are running different routing protocols to exchange routing information.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide applies only when the destination field is OSPF. Metric:[ ] Allows the entry of an OSPF interface cost. This is analogous to a Hop Count in the RIP routing protocol. Multicasting Layer 2 Multicast Setup To setup Multicasting on the switch, when the switch is in Layer 2 operating mode, highlight Multicasting from the Main Menu and press Enter. Figure 6-50.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide To configure IGMP Snooping: Toggle the Switch IGMP Snooping field to Enabled. Toggle the Querier State field to the appropriate choice between Non-Querier, V1-Querier, and V2-Querier to determine the version of IGMP that is used in your network. A value between 2 and 255 can be entered for the Robustness Variable (default is 2). The Query Interval can be set between 1 and 65500 seconds (default is 125 seconds). This sets the time between IGMP queries.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-52. Setup IEEE 802.1Q Multicast Forwarding screen When the switch is in Layer 2 operating mode, IEEE 802.1Q multicast forwarding allows the static entry of multicast MAC addresses, which will be sources of multicast packets, and switch port numbers, to which these multicast packets will be forwarded.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Static Router Port Settings A static router port is a port that has a multicast router attached to it. Generally, this router would have a connection to a WAN or to the Internet. Establishing a router port will allow multicast packets coming from the router to be propagated through the network, as well as allowing multicast messages (IGMP) coming from the network to be propagated to the router.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Layer 3 Multicasting When the switch is in IP Routing mode, several functions supporting IP multicasting are added to the Multicasting menu. These additional functions can be configured under the IP Multicasting Settings menu. With the switch in IP Routing mode, highlight Multicasting from the Main Menu and press Enter. Figure 6-54.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide . Figure 6-56. Multicast Interface Configuration screen This menu allows the assignment of a multicast routing protocol to an IP interface. The IP interface must have been previously configured on the switch. In addition, IGMP may be enabled or disabled for the selected IP interface. The available multicast protocols are the Protocol Independent Multicast – Dense Mode (PIM-DM), and the Distance-Vector Multicast Routing Protocol (DVMRP).
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide IGMP Interface Configuration Figure 6-57. IGMP Interface Configuration screen This menu allows the configuration of IGMP for each IP interface configured on the switch. IGMP can be configured as Version 1 or 2 by toggling the Ver field. The length of time between queries can be varied by entering a value between 1 and 65,535 seconds in the Query field.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide name entered above. DVMRP To configure DVMRP for an IP interface, highlight DVMRP Interface Configuration from the Setup IP Multicast menu and press Enter. Figure 6-58. DVMRP Interface Configuration screen This menu allows the Distance-Vector Multicast Routing Protocol to be configured for each IP interface defined on the switch.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The following fields can be set: Parameter Interface Name: [ ] Description Allows the entry of the name of the IP interface for which DVMRP is to be configured. This must be a previously defined IP interface. NBR Report Timer:[35 ] This field allows an entry between 1 and 65,535 seconds and defines the time period for DVMRP will hold Neighbor Router reports before issuing poison route messages. The default is 35 seconds.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The Protocol Independent Multicast – Dense Mode (PIM-DM) protocol should be used in networks with a low delay (low latency) and high bandwidth as PIM-DM is optimized to guarantee delivery of multicast packets, not to reduce overhead.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-60. Mirroring Menu To select the target port, highlight Target Port Selection and press Enter. Figure 6-61. Target Port Selection screen The target port is the port where information will be duplicated and sent for capture and network analysis. This is the port where a network analyzer would be attached to capture packets duplicated from the source port.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-62. Setup Port Mirroring screen Up to 25 entries can be made to the port mirroring table, but it should be noted that a faster port (a 1000 Mbps Gigabit Ethernet port, for example) should not be mirrored to a slower port (one of the 24 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet port), because many packets will be dropped. Parameter Action: Description This field can be toggled between Add/Modify and Delete using the space bar.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-63. Setup MAC Address Priority screen The following fields can be set: Parameter Description Action: This field can be toggled between Add/Modify and Delete using the space bar. VID:[1 ] Allows the entry of the VLAN ID (VID) of the VLAN to which the MAC address below is a member of. MAC Address:[ ] Allows the entry of the MAC address of the station for which priority queuing is to be specified.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Filtering Layer 2 Filtering To enter a MAC address into the filtering table, highlight Filtering from the Main Menu and press Enter. Figure 6-64. Filtering Menu Highlight MAC Address Filter and press Enter. Figure 6-65. Setup MAC Address Filter screen When the switch is in Layer 2 Only operating mode, MAC addresses can be entered into the static filtering table.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The following fields can be set: Parameter Description Action: This field can be toggled between Add/Modify and Delete using the space bar. VID: [ ] Allows the entry of the VLAN ID (VID) of the VLAN to which the MAC address below is a member of. MAC Address:[ ] Source/Destination: Allows the entry of a MAC address to be filtered from the switch. This address must be a unicast MAC address.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-67. Setup IP Address Filtering screen The following fields can be set: Parameter Description Action: This field can be toggled between Add/Modify and Delete using the space bar. IP Address:[ Allows the entry of an IP address to be filtered from the switch. ] Source/Destination: This field can be toggled between Src. (source), Dst. (destination), and Either.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-68. Forwarding Menu – Layer 2 Highlight MAC Address Forwarding from the Forwarding Menu and press Enter. Figure 6-69. Setup Static Unicast MAC Forwarding screen The following fields can be set: Parameter Description Action: The field can be toggled between Add/Modify and Delete using the space bar. VID:[ Allows the entry of the VLAN ID (VID) of the VLAN the MAC address below is a member of.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide above resides. IP Forwarding Static/Default Routes With the switch in Layer 3 Operation mode, entries into the switch’s forwarding table can be made using both MAC addresses and IP addresses. Static IP forwarding is accomplished by the entry of an IP address into the Static IP Routing table. Static Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) entries can also be made from the Forwarding Menu. Highlight Static/Default Routes from the Forwarding Menu and press Enter.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Static ARP To make a static ARP entry, highlight Static ARP from the Forwarding Menu and press Enter. Figure 6-71. Setup Static ARP Entries screen The following fields can be set: Parameter Description Action: The field can be toggled between Add/Modify and Delete using the space bar. Interface ] Name:[ IP Address:[ MAC Address:[ ] The name of the IP interface the ARP entry resides on. The IP address of the ARP entry.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-72. Configure Spanning Tree - Global The Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) operates on two levels: on the switch level, the settings are globally implemented. On the port level, the settings are implemented on a per user-defined Group basis. The factory default setting should cover the majority of installations. It is advisable to keep the default settings as set at the factory; unless, it is absolutely necessary to change them.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The Hello Time cannot be longer than the Max. Age. Otherwise, a configuration error will occur. Observe the following formulas when setting the above parameters: Max. Age ≤ 2 x (Forward Delay - 1 second) Max. Age ≥ 2 x (Hello Time + 1 second) STP Group Configuration To define which ports will be members of an STP Group, highlight Group Create/Delete and press Enter. Figure 6-73. STP Group Configuration screen Toggle the Action field to Add/Modify.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide In addition to setting Spanning Tree parameters for use on the switch level, the DES-3326 allows for the configuration of groups of ports, each port-group of which will have its own spanning tree, and will require some of its own configuration settings. An STP Group will use the switch-level parameters entered above, with the addition of Port Priority and Port Cost.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-75. Link Aggregation screen Link aggregation allows several ports to be grouped together and to act as a single link. This gives a bandwidth that is a multiple of a single link’s bandwidth. Link aggregation is most commonly used to link a bandwidth intensive network device or devices – such as a server – to the backbone of a network.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The following fields can be set: Parameter Description Group ID:[1] This field can be toggled between any one of the six possible link aggregation groups configurable on the switch. Port:[1] The Master port of link aggregation group. Group Width:[ ] Method: Allows the entry of the number of contiguous ports that will make up the link aggregation group. These ports will be in sequential order from the Master Port.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The following fields can be set: Parameter Default Description Status: Enabled Allows the STP to be globally Enabled or Disabled on the switch. Max Age 20 The maximum time (in seconds) a device can wait without receiving a configuration message before attempting to reconfigure. All device ports (except for designated ports) should receive configuration messages at regular intervals.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Create Spanning Tree Groups The DES-3326 switch allows you to configure Spanning Tree Groups that consist of a group of ports that will be handled as though they were a single spanning tree device. The following figures and tables describe how to configure a spanning tree group. To configure spanning tree groups on the switch, highlight STP Group Configuration from the Main Menu and press Enter. Figure 6-77.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-78. Port Spanning Tree Settings screen The following fields can be set: Parameter View Ports: Description <1 to 12> Allows the selection of groups of ports to view. Can be toggled between 1 to 12, 13 to 24, and Slot-1. Configure Port from [1 ] to [1 ] Allows the selection of range of port numbers to be configured. Port Cost:[19 ] A port cost can be set between 1 and 65535.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-79. Switch Utilities menu Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) services allow the switch firmware to be upgraded by transferring a new firmware file from a TFTP server to the switch. A configuration file can also be loaded into the switch from a TFTP server, switch settings can be saved to the TFTP server, and a history log can be uploaded from the switch to the TFTP server.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Highlight START and press Enter to initiate the file transfer. Use Configuration File on TFTP Server To download a switch configuration file from a TFTP server, select Use Configuration File on TFTP Server and press Enter. Figure 6-81. Use Configuration File on TFTP Server screen Enter the IP address of the TFTP server and specify the location of the switch configuration file on the TFTP server.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Save History Log to TFTP Server To save a History Log on a TFTP server, highlight Save History Log to TFTP Server and press Enter. Figure 6-83. Save Log to TFTP Server screen Enter the IP address of the TFTP server and the path and filename for the history log on the TFTP server. Highlight APPLY and press Enter to make the changes current. Highlight START and press Enter to initiate the file transfer.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide BOOTP/DHCP Relay To enter the IP addresses of BOOTP or DHCP servers (for the BOOTP/DHCP Relay service): Highlight Utilities on the Main Menu and press Enter. Next, highlight BOOTP/DHCP Relay on the Switch Utilities menu and press Enter. Figure 6-85. BOOTP/DHCP Relay menu The following fields can be set: Parameter Description BOOTP/DHCP Relay Status This field can be toggled between Enabled and Disabled using the space bar.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide To configure the BOOTP/DHCP Relay interface, highlight BOOTP/DHCP Configuration from the BOOTP/DHCP Relay menu and press Enter. Figure 6-86. BOOTP/DHCP Relay Interface Configuration screen The following fields can be set: Parameter Description Action: This field can be toggled between Add and Delete using the space bar. Toggle to Add and enter the subnet name for which BOOTP Relay will be active.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-87. DNS Relay screen The following fields can be set: Parameter DNSR Status Description This field can be toggled between Disabled and Enabled using the space bar, and is used to enable or disable the DNS Relay service on the switch. Name Server:[1][2] Allows the entry of the IP address of a primary (number 1) and a secondary (number 2) domain name server (DNS).
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-88. DNS Relay – Static table configuration screen The following fields can be set: Parameter Description Action: The Action field can be toggled between Add/Edit and Delete. Enter the Domain name and its corresponding IP address. Domain Name The domain name of the static DNS table entry. IP Address The IP address of the domain name above.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Network Monitoring The DES-3326 provides extensive network monitoring capabilities that can be viewed under Network Monitoring Menu from the Main Menu. Network monitoring on the switch is divided into Layer 2 and Layer 3 functions, depending upon which operating mode the switch is in. Layer 2 network monitoring functions are visible on the console when the switch is in Layer 2 Only operating mode.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Port Utilization The Port Utilization screen shows the number of packets transmitted and received per second and calculates the percentage of the total available bandwidth being used on the port (displayed under %Util.). To view the port utilization: Highlight Port Utilization on the Network Monitoring Menu and press Enter. Figure 6-90. Port Utilization screen Parameter Description Port The switch’s port number.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Port Error Packets The Packet Error Statistic screen displays the packet errors that the switch can detect and displays the results on a per port basis. To view the error statistics for a port: Highlight Port Error Packets on the Network Monitoring Menu and press Enter. Figure 6-91. Packet Error Statistic screen The Port field can be toggled between Port 1~26 to select which group of ports will be displayed. Enter the port number of the port to be viewed.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Parameter Description Interval:<2 sec> The interval (in seconds) that the table is updated. The default is 2 seconds. RX Frames Received packets. CRC Error For 10 Mbps ports, the counter records CRC errors (FCS or alignment errors). For 100 Mbps ports, the counter records the sum of CRC errors and code errors (frames received with rxerror signal).
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide To view an analysis of packets received or transmitted by a port: Highlight Port Packet Analysis on the Network Monitoring Menu and press Enter. Figure 6-92. Packet Analysis screen Parameter Description Interval:<2 sec> The interval (in seconds) that the table is updated. The default is 2 seconds. Frames The number of packets (or frames) received or transmitted by the switch with the size, in octets, given by the column on the right.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Browse MAC Address This allows the switch’s dynamic MAC address forwarding table to be viewed. When the switch learns an association between a MAC address and a port number, it makes an entry into its forwarding table. These entries are then used to forward packets through the switch. To view the MAC address forwarding table: Highlight Browse MAC Address on the Network Monitoring Menu and press Enter. Figure 6-93.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-94. GVRP Status screen GMRP The Group Multicast Registration Protocol (GMRP) Status screen displays the status of ports that have GMRP enabled on the switch. To view the GMRP Status table: Highlight GMRP from the Network Monitoring Menu and press Enter. Figure 6-95. GMRP Status screen Browse Router Port This displays which of the switch’s ports are currently configured as router ports.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-96. Browse Router Port screen The Jump to VID field allows the entry of any VLAN ID (VID) of any VLAN defined on the switch. Enter the VID, highlight GO and press Enter. The table will then jump to the VID entered. S signifies a static router port, configured by the user. D signifies a dynamically assigned router port, configured by the switch. IGMP Snooping This allows the switch’s IGMP Snooping table to be viewed.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Switch History This allows the Switch History Log to be viewed. The switch records all traps, in sequence, that identify events on the switch. The time since the last cold start of the switch is also recorded. To view the switch history log: Highlight Switch History from the Network Monitoring Menu and press Enter. Figure 6-98.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-99. Network Monitoring Menu – Layer 3 Browse IP Address To view the IP address forwarding table: Highlight Browse IP Address from the Network Monitoring Menu and press Enter. Figure 6-100. Browse IP Address Table – Layer 3 To display a particular IP address, enter the IP address in the Jump to IP Address field, highlight GO, and press Enter.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-101. Browse Routing Table screen To display a particular Destination IP address, enter either the IP address in the Jump to Destination Address field, the gateway address in the Gateway field and the subnet mask in the Mask field, highlight GO, and press Enter. The following fields are displayed: Parameter Description Destination Address IP address of a learned or statically entered destination.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-102. Browse ARP Table screen To display a particular IP interface or an IP address, enter either the IP interface name in the Jump to Interface Name field or enter the IP address in the IP Address field, highlight GO, and press Enter. Default IP Table The Default IP Address Table displays the static IP addresses. To view the Default IP Address Table: Highlight Default IP Table from the Network Monitoring Menu and press Enter. Figure 6-103.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-104. Monitor LSDB Table screen The following fields are displayed: Parameter Description Area ID Allows the entry of an OSPF Area ID. This Area ID will then be used to search the table, and display an entry − if there is one.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide OSPF External LSDB Table The external OSPF Link State Database (LSDB) table can be viewed by highlighting OSPF External LSDB Table and pressing Enter. Figure 6-105. Monitor External LSDB Table screen The following fields are displayed: Parameter Description Advertise Router ID Allows the entry of a Router ID. This is then used to search the External LSDB Table and display the results − if any. Adv Router ID Displays the Advertising Router’s ID.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide IP Multicast Forwarding Table To view the IP multicast forwarding table: Highlight IP Multicast Forwarding Table from the Network Monitoring Menu and press Enter. Figure 6-106.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide To display a particular multicast group, enter either the IP address in the Jump to Interface Name field, enter the multicast group IP address in the Multicast Group field, highlight GO, and press Enter. DVMRP Routing Table To view the DVMRP Routing table: Highlight DVMRP Routing Table from the Network Monitoring Menu and press Enter. Figure 6-108.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Highlight one of the two Load Factory Default Configuration entries and press Enter. A confirmation screen will appear. Press Y for Yes and press Enter. The factory defaults for the DES-3326 are listed in Appendix D of this manual. Reboot The DES-3326 has several reboot options. To reboot the switch from the console: Highlight Reboot from the Main Menu and press Enter. Figure 6-110.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-111. System Reboot Confirmation screen To reboot the switch, in the mode entered above, highlight Yes and press Enter.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide 7 W EB -B ASED N ETWORK M ANAGEMENT Introduction The DES-3326 offers an embedded Web-based (HTML) interface allowing users to manage the switch from anywhere on the network through a standard browser such as Netscape Navigator/Communicator or Microsoft Internet Explorer. The Web browser acts as a universal access tool and can communicate directly with the Switch using the HTTP protocol.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide 2. Develop an IP addressing scheme. This involves allocating a block of IP addresses to each network segment. Each network interface is then assigned a network address and a subnet mask. See Chapter 5, Switch Management Concepts section titled IP Addressing and Subnetting for more information. 3. Determine which network resources must be shared by the interfaces. Shared resources may be connected directly to the Layer 3 switch, if need be.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide IP address. It should be noted that the switch regards a VLAN with an IP network address and corresponding subnet mask assigned as an IP interface in IP Routing mode. Defining Static Routes Routes between the IP interfaces and a default gateway or other router with a WAN connection should be determined beforehand and entered into the static/default routing table on the DES-3326.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Click New to add a user. Figure 7-3. User Accounts Control Table – Add window 1. Enter the new user name, assign an initial password, and then confirm the new password. Determine whether the new user should have Root, User+, or User privileges. 2. Click Apply to make the user addition effective. 3. A listing of all user accounts and access levels is shown on the user accounts control table. This list is updated when Apply is executed. 4.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Saving Changes The DES-3326 has two levels of memory; normal RAM and non-volatile or NV-RAM. Configuration changes are made effective by clickng Apply. When this is done, the settings will be immediately applied to the switching software in RAM, and will immediately take effect. Some settings, though, require you to restart the switch before they will take effect.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide USING WEB-BASED MANAGEMENT Setting Up Web Management Before running Web-based management, some basic configuration of the switch may need to be performed. The following at a minimum must be configured or known for the switch to be managed: • IP Address • Administrator password In addition, several other parameters may need to be configured or known to properly communicate with the switch or allow full management capability.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Setting the Administrator Password Management access to the switch is restricted based on the administrator password. Administrators have read/write access for parameters governing the SNMP agent. You should therefore assign a password to the default administrator as soon as possible, and store it in a safe place.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-7. Password dialog box 1. Use the User Name, and Password previously entered in the Setting Up Web Management section. This will allow read/write access to the switch. 2. The full application will now launch. A four-frame page will display with the product graphic located in the upper right hand frame. 3. To stop the web-based manager, close the Web browser application.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Area Function 1 Allows the selection of commands. 2 Presents a graphical near real-time image of the front panel of the switch. This area displays the switch’s ports and expansion modules, showing port activity, duplex mode, or flow control, depending on the specified mode. Various areas of the graphic can be selected for performing management functions, including the ports, expansion modules, management module, or the case.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Link Configuration Menus IP Address Switch Information Configure Port Switch Settings Switch Operation Mode Layer 2 Switch Settings VLANs 802.1Q Static VLANs 802.1Q Port Settings Port VLAN ID (PVID) Port Ingress Filter Port GVRP Settings Port GMRP Settings Multicasting IEEE 802.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The following table shows the relationship between the links and the configuration menus when the switch is in IP Routing (Layer 3) mode. Menus and screens added when the switch is in IP Routing mode are shown in italics.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Filtering MAC Filtering MAC Address Filtering IP Filtering IP Address Filtering BOOTP/DHCP Relay BOOTP/DHCP Relay DNS Relay DNS Relay Static Setup Static Setup Management Management Station IP Community Strings Trap Receivers User Accounts Management Serial Port Settings Network Monitoring Statistics Address Table Port Utilization Port Error Port Packet Analysis Browse MAC Address Sequentially Browse IP Address Sequentially Routing Table ARP Tabl
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Switch Information Click the Switch Information link in the Configuration menu. Figure 7-9. Switch Information – Basic Settings window The Switch Information window shows which (if any) external modules are installed, and the switch’s MAC Address (assigned by the factory and unchangeable). In addition, the Boot PROM and Firmware Version numbers are shown.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-10. IP Address window The switch’s factory default IP address is 10.90.90.90 with a subnet mask of 255.0.0.0 and a default gateway of 0.0.0.0. To manually assign the switch’s IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway address: Enter the appropriate IP address and subnet mask. If you want to access the switch from a different interface from the one it is installed on, enter the IP address of the gateway.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The Get IP From: options are: Parameter Description BOOTP The switch will send out a BOOTP broadcast request when it is powered up. The BOOTP protocol allows IP addresses, network masks, and default gateways to be assigned by a central BOOTP server. If this option is set, the Switch will first look for a BOOTP server to provide it with this information before using the default or previously entered settings.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide SNMP Settings Some settings must be entered to allow the switch to be managed from an SNMP-based Network Management System such as SNMP v1 or to be able to access the Switch using the Telnet protocol or the Web Manager. To setup the switch for remote management: Click the Management Station IP link in the Management menu. The following screen appears: Figure 7-11.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The Status field can be toggled between Enabled and Disabled to enable or disable the receipt of SNMP traps by the listed management stations. Configure Ports Click the Configure Ports link on the Configuration menu: Figure 7-13. Configure Port window Click on the port you want to configure on the DES-3326 Switch front panel display at the top of the Web page. Use the State pull-down menu to either enable or disable a given port.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The following fields can be set: Parameter Description State Toggle the State field to either enable or disable a given port. Speed/Duplex Toggle the Speed/Duplex field to either select the speed and duplex/half-duplex state of the port. Auto – autonegotiation between 10 and 100 Mbps devices, full- or halfduplex.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-14. Serial Port Settings window Use the Select Protocol pull-down menu to select either the Console or the SLIP protocol. The following fields can then be set: Console Settings Parameter Description Baud Rate Displays the serial bit rate used to communicate with a management station. The console baud rate is 9600 bits per second. Data Bits Displays the number of bits that make up a word when communicating with the management station.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide the Switch is restarted. Applies only when the serial port is being used for out-of-band (SLIP) management; it does not apply when the port is used for the console port. Available speeds are 2,400, 9600, 19,200 and 38,400 bits per second. The default setting is 9600. Local IP Address This is an IP address assigned to the serial port when it is used for SLIP communications.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-15. Switch Operation Mode window Use the Restart Mode pull-down menu to select one of the two switch operation modes: Layer 2, Support IEEE 802.1Q VLANs and IP Routing, Support IEEE 802.1Q VLANs. To make a change in the operation mode of the switch effective, click Apply. The switch will then save the changes made during the current session and reboot. The switch must be rebooted to change the operation mode.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide dictate, globally, the switch’s reaction to Broadcast storms and/or Multicast storms, triggered at the threshold set below. Upper Threshold for Base ports <128> This is the number of thousands Broadcast/Multicast packets per second received by the switch – on one of the Master Ports – that will trigger the switch’s reaction to a Broadcast/Multicast storm.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide switch. PIM-DM state Allows the Protocol Independent Multicast − Dense Mode (PIM-DM) multicast routing protocol to be Enabled or Disabled globally on the switch.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Advanced Setup Changing switch operation mode setting changes some of the menus and configuration options for the Advanced Setup of the switch. The configuration data for each mode is, however, saved when the switch’s operating mode is changed. Configuring VLANs The switch allows the assignment of an IP interface to each VLAN, in IP Routing mode. The VLANs must be configured prior to setting up the IP interfaces.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-20. 802.1Q Static VLANs Entry Settings – Edit window The following fields can then be set: Parameter Description VLAN ID (VID) Allows the entry of the name of an existing VLAN. VLANs can be identified by either the VID or the VLAN name. Port Allows an individual port to be specified as member of a VLAN. Tag Allows an individual port to be specified as either Tagging or Untagging.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide If the port is attached to a device that is not IEEE 802.1Q VLAN compliant (VLAN-tag unaware), then the port should be set to Untagged (no marker in the port’s Tag click-box). If the port is attached to a device that is IEEE 802.1Q VLAN compliant, (VLAN-tag aware), then the port should be set to Tagged (has a marker in the port’s Tag click-box). Click Apply to make the additions/deletions effective for the current session.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Go to the Configuration menu, select VLANs, choose 802.1Q Port Settings, and then click Port Ingress Filter: Figure 7-22. Port Ingress Filter window The following field can be set: Parameter Ingress Filter Description This field can be toggled using the space bar between Enabled and Disabled. Enabled enables the port to compare the VID tag of an incoming packet with the PVID number assigned to the port.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The following field can be set: Parameter GVRP Description The Group VLAN Registration Protocol (GVRP) enables the port to dynamically become a member of a VLAN. Each port can be configured to use the Group Multicast Registration Protocol (GMRP). To configure the member ports of an 802.1Q VLAN to use GMRP: Go to the Configuration menu, select VLANs, choose 802.1Q Port Settings, and then click Port GMRP Settings: Figure 7-24.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide An example is presented below: VLAN Name VID Switch Ports System (default) 1 5, 6, 7, 8, 21, 22, 23, 24 Engineer 2 9, 10, 11, 12 Marketing 3 13, 14, 15, 16 Finance 4 17, 18, 19, 20 Sales 5 1, 2, 3, 4 Backbone 6 25, 26 Table 6-3. VLAN Example – Assigned Ports In this case, 6 IP interfaces are required, so a CIDR notation of 10.32.0.0/11 (or a 11-bit) addressing scheme will work.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-25. Setup IP Interface window To setup an new IP interface, click the New icon: Figure 7-26. Setup IP Interface – Add window To edit an existing IP interface, click on the Hand icon: Figure 7-27. Setup IP Interface – Edit window Choose a name for the interface to be added and enter it in the Interface Name field (if you are editing an IP Interface, the Name will already be in the top field as seen in the window above).
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The following fields can be set: Parameter Description Subnet Name This field allows the entry of a name for the IP interface. The default IP interface is named “System”. IP Address This field allows the entry of an IP address to be assigned to this IP interface. Subnet Mask This field allows the entry of a subnet mask to be applied to this IP interface.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-29. Setup RIP window To edit a RIP configuration, click the Hand icon. Figure 7-30. Setup RIP – Edit window The following fields can be set: Parameter Description Subnet Name The name of the IP interface on which RIP is to be setup. This interface must be previously configured on the Switch. TX Mode Toggle among Disabled, V1 Only, V1 Compatible, and V2 Only.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide OSPF MD5 Key Table Configuration The MD5 Key Table Configuration menu allows the entry of a 16-character Message Digest − version 5 (MD5) key that can be used to authenticate every packet exchanged between OSPF routers. It is used as a security mechanism to limit the exchange of network topology information to the OSPF routing domain. MD5 Keys created here can be used in the OSPF Interface Configuration menu below. Figure 7-31.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The following parameters can be set or are displayed: Parameter Description OSPF Route ID A 32-bit number (in the form of an IP address − xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx) that uniquely identifies the switch in the OSPF domain. It is common to assign the highest IP address assigned to the switch (router). In this case, it would be 10.255.255.255, but any unique 32bit number will do. If 0.0.0.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The following fields can be set or are displayed: Parameter Description Area ID A 32-bit number in the form of an IP address (xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx) that uniquely identifies the OSPF area in the OSPF domain. Type This field can be Normal and Stub bar. When it is additional fields Import Summary Default Cost. Stub Import Sum.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The following fields can be set: Parameter Description Interface Name Allows the entry of the name of an IP interface previously configured on the switch. Area ID Allows the entry of an OSPF Area ID configured above. Router Priority Allows the entry of a number between 1 and 255 representing the OSPF priority of the selected area. If a Router Priority of 0 is selected, the switch cannot be elected as the Designated Router for the network.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-35. Virtual Interface Configuration window The following fields can be set or are displayed: Parameter Description Transit Area ID Allows the entry of an OSPF Area ID − previously defined on the switch − that allows a remote area to communicate with the backbone (area 0). A Transit Area cannot be a Stub Area or a Backbone Area. Neighbor Router The OSPF router ID for the remote router. This is a 32-bit number in the form of an IP address (xxx.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-36. OSPF Area Aggregation Configuration window The following fields can be set or are displayed: Parameter Description Area ID Allows the entry the OSPF Area ID for which the routing information will be aggregated. This Area ID must be previously defined on the switch. Network Number Sometimes called the Network Address.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-37. Route Redistribution Settings window The following fields can be set or are displayed: Parameter Description Source Protocol Allows the selection of the protocol of the source device. Available choices are RIP, OSPF, or Static. Dest. Protocol Allows the selection of the protocol of the destination device. Available choices are RIP and OSPF. Metric Type Allows the selection of one of two methods for calculating the metric value.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Open the Configuration menu, select Multicasting, and click IGMP Snooping Settings: Figure 7-38. IGMP Control Setup window To configure IGMP Snooping: The following fields can be set: Parameter Description VID Allows the entry of the VLAN ID (VID) for which IGMP Snooping is to be configured. State This field can be switched using the pull-down menu between Disabled and Enabled.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Click the IEEE802.1Q Multicast Forwarding link on the Multicasting menu: Figure 7-39. Setup IEEE 802.1Q Multicast Forwarding window When the switch is in Layer 2 operating mode, IEEE 802.1Q multicast forwarding allows the static entry of multicast MAC addresses, which will be sources of multicast packets, and switch port numbers, to which these multicast packets will be forwarded.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide coming from the router to be propagated through the network, as well as allowing multicast messages (IGMP) coming from the network to be propagated to the router. A router port has the following behavior: • All IGMP Report packets will be forwarded to the router port. • IGMP queries (from the router port) will be flooded to all ports. • All UDP multicast packets will be forwarded to the router port.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Layer 3 Multicasting When the switch is in IP Routing mode, several functions supporting IP multicasting are added to the Multicasting menu. Multicast Interface Configuration To setup IP multicasting on the switch: Open the Multicasting menu (under Configuration), select IP Multicasting, and click Multicast Interface Configuration: . Figure 7-42.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide IGMP Settings Figure 7-43. IGMP Interface Setup window This menu allows the configuration of IGMP for each IP interface configured on the switch. IGMP can be configured as Version 1 or 2 by toggling the Version field using the pull-down menu. The length of time between queries can be varied by entering a value between 1 and 65,535 seconds in the Query field.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide DVMRP Settings To configure DVMRP for an IP interface: Click the DVMRP Settings link on the IP Multicasting menu: Figure 7-44. DVMRP Interface Configuration window This menu allows the Distance-Vector Multicast Routing Protocol to be configured for each IP interface defined on the switch. The Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol (DVMRP) is a hop-based method of building multicast delivery trees from multicast sources to all nodes of a network.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The following fields can be set: Parameter Description Interface Name Allows the entry of the name of the IP interface for which DVMRP is to be configured. This must be a previously defined IP interface. IP Address Displays the IP address corresponding to the IP Interface name entered above. Probe <10> Interval This field allows an entry between 0 and 65,535 seconds and defines the interval between ‘probes’. The default is 10.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The Protocol Independent Multicast – Dense Mode (PIM-DM) protocol should be used in networks with a low delay (low latency) and high bandwidth as PIM-DM is optimized to guarantee delivery of multicast packets, not to reduce overhead.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-46. Target Port Selection window The target port is the port where information will be duplicated and sent for capture and network analysis. This is the port where a network analyzer would be attached to capture packets duplicated from the source port. To select the source port(s) for mirroring, click the Port Mirroring Settings link on the Mirroring menu (under Configuration): Figure 7-47.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Priority To configure a forwarding priority for a given MAC address: Click the Priority link on the Configuration menu: Figure 7-48. Setup MAC Address Priority window The following fields can be set: Parameter Description MAC Address Allows the entry of the MAC address of the station for which priority queuing is to be specified. VID Allows the entry of the VLAN ID (VID) of the VLAN to which the MAC address below is a member of.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Filtering Layer 2 Filtering To enter a MAC address into the filtering table: Select Filtering on the Configuration menu, choose MAC Filtering, and then click MAC Address Filtering: Figure 7-49. Setup MAC Address Filter window When the switch is in Layer 2 Only operating mode, MAC addresses can be entered into the static filtering table. The switch can be configured to filter packets from this MAC address (a source), or to it (a destination).
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-50. Filter Address Setup window The following fields can be set: Parameter Description Address <0.0.0.0> Allows the entry of an IP address to be filtered from the switch. State This field can be toggled between SrcAddr (source), DstAddr. (destination), and DstSrcAddr.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-51. Setup Static Unicast MAC Forwarding window The following fields can be set: Parameter Description MAC Address Allows the entry of the MAC address of an end station that will be entered into the switch’s static forwarding table. VID Allows the entry of the VLAN ID (VID) of the VLAN the MAC address below is a member of. Port Allows the entry of the port number on which the MAC address entered above resides.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-53. Static/Default Routes – Add window The following fields can be set: Parameter Description IP Address <0.0.0.0> Allows the entry of an IP address that will be a static entry into the switch’s Routing Table. Subnet Mask <0.0.0.0> Allows the entry of a subnet mask corresponding to the IP address above. Gateway IP <0.0.0.0> Allows the entry of an IP address of a gateway for the IP address above.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The following fields can be set: Parameter Description Interface Name The name of the IP interface the ARP entry resides on. IP Address The IP address of the ARP entry. MAC Address The MAC address of the ARP entry. Spanning Tree STP Switch Settings To globally configure STP on the switch, select Spanning Tree Protocol on the Configuration menu and then click STP Switch Settings. Figure 7-56.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The following fields can be set: Parameter Description Spanning Tree Protocol This field can be toggled between Enabled and Disabled using the pull-down menu. This will enable or disable the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP), globally, for the switch. Max Age: (6 .. 40 sec) <20 > The Max. Age can be set from 6 to 40 seconds. At the end of the Max.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide To add a new spanning tree group, click the New icon: Figure 7-58. STP Group Settings − Add window The new spanning tree group will be identified by the name entered in the Group Name field. The group member ports will be identified by the dots in the click-boxes below the port numbers. To edit an existing spanning tree entry, click the Hand icon: Figure 7-59.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide An STP Group spanning tree works in the same way as the switch-level spanning tree, but the root bridge concept is replaced with a root port concept. A root port is a port of the group that is elected on the basis of port priority and port cost, to be the connection to the network for the group. Redundant links will be blocked, just as redundant links are blocked on the switch level.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide aggregation group may not cross an 8-port boundary, starting with port 1 (a group may not contain ports 8 and 9, for example) and all of the ports in the group must be members of the same VLAN. Further, the aggregated links must all be of the same speed and should be configured as full duplex. The configuration of the lowest numbered port in the group becomes the configuration for all of the ports in the aggregation group.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Update Firmware from Server To update the switch’s firmware: Select Upgrade Firmware from Server on the Maintenance menu: Figure 7-62. Upgrade Firmware from Server window Enter the IP address of the TFTP server in the Server IP Address field. The TFTP server must be on the same IP interface as the switch. Enter the path and the filename to the firmware file on the TFTP server.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Save Settings To Server To upload a settings file to the TFTP server: Click the Save Settings To Server on the Maintenance menu: Figure 7-64. Save Settings To TFTP Server window Enter the IP address of the TFTP server and the path and filename of the settings file on the TFTP server and click Apply. Highlight Start to initiate the file transfer.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-66. BOOTP/DHCP Relay window The following fields can be set: Parameter Description BOOTP/DHCP Relay Status This field can be toggled between Enabled and Disabled using the pull-down menu. It is used to enable or disable the BOOTP/DHCP Relay service on the switch.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide servers reside on. BOOTP/DHCP Server <0.0.0.0> Allows the entry of IP addresses for up to four BOOTP or DHCP servers. DNS Relay To enter the IP addresses of DNS servers (for the DNS Relay service): Select DNS Relay on the Configuration menu and then click DNS Relay: Figure 7-68.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide To make a static DNS table entry: Click the Static Setup link on the DNS Relay menu: Figure 7-69. DNS Relay Setup window The following fields can be set: Parameter Description Domain Name The domain name of the static DNS table entry. IP <0.0.0.0> The IP address of the domain name above. Address Status This field can be toggled using the space bar between Enabled and Disabled.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide • Port Packet Analysis Address Table • Browse MAC Address Sequentially (view the MAC address forwarding table) Applications • GVRP (view the GVRP status table) • GMRP (view the GMRP status table) • Browse Router Port (view the router port status table) • IGMP Snooping • Switch History Port Utilization The Port Utilization window shows the percentage of the total available bandwidth being used on the port.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The following field can be set: Parameter Update Interval Description The time between updates received from the switch, in seconds. Suspend stops the updates. The default is Suspend. Port Error Statistics The Port Error Packet Statistics window displays the packet errors that the switch can detect and displays the results on a per port basis.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The following fields from above are described in more detail: Parameter Description Update Interval The interval (in seconds) that the table is updated. The default is Suspend. RX Frames Received packets. CRC Error For 10 Mbps ports, the counter records CRC errors (FCS or alignment errors). For 100 Mbps ports, the counter records the sum of CRC errors and code errors (frames received with rxerror signal).
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide transmission failed due to excessive collisions. Single Coll. Single Collision Frames. The number of successfully transmitted frames for which transmission is inhibited by more than one collision. Coll. An estimate of the total number of collisions on this network segment. Port Packet Analysis The Port Packet Analysis window displays the size of packets received or transmitted by a given switch port.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The following fields from above are described in more detail: Parameter Description Update Interval The interval (in seconds) that the table is updated. The default is 2 seconds. Frames The number of packets (or frames) received or transmitted by the switch with the size, in octets, given by the column on the right. Frames/sec The number of packets (or frames) transmitted or received, per second, by the switch.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-73. Browse Address Table – sequential window GVRP This allows the GVRP status for each of the switch’s ports to be viewed by VLAN. The GVRP status screen displays the ports on the switch that are currently Egress or Untagged ports. To view the GVRP status table: Click the GVRP link on the Applications menu: Figure 7-74.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-75. GMRP Status window Browse Router Port This displays which of the switch’s ports are currently configured as router ports. A router port configured by a user (using the console or Web-based management interfaces) is displayed as a static router port, designated by S. A router port that is dynamically configured by the switch is designated by D.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-77. IGMP Snooping Table window Switch History This allows the Switch History Log to be viewed. The switch records all traps, in sequence, that identify events on the switch. The time since the last cold start of the switch is also recorded. To view the switch history log: Click the Switch History link on the Applications menu: Figure 7-78.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The following items are added to the Network Monitoring menu when the switch is in Layer 3 (IP Routing) mode: Address Table • Browse IP Address Sequentially • Routing Table • ARP Table • Default IP Table • OSPF LSDB Table • OSPF External LSDB Table Applications • IP Multicast Forwarding Table • IGMP Group Table • DVMRP Routing Table Browse the Routing Table To view the contents of the IP Routing table: Click the Routing Table link on the
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The following fields are displayed: Parameter Description Destination Address IP address of a learned or statically entered destination. Mask Displays the subnet mask corresponding to the above destination IP address. Gateway Displays the default or next hop gateway to reach the destination. Jump Click this button to go to a particular combination of destination IP address, subnet mask, and gateway address.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-81. Default IP Address window OSPF Link State Database Table The switch maintains two OSPF Link State Databases (LSDB) − Internal and External. The Internal LSDB describes the Link State Advertisements (LSA) for OSPF Antonymous Systems (AS). The External LSDB describes the LSAa for those ASs not belonging to OSPF. The internal OSPF Link State Database (LSDB) table can be viewed using the Web-based manager. Figure 7-82.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The following fields can be set or are displayed: Parameter Description Area ID Displays the OSPF Area ID. Advertise Router ID Displays the Advertising Router’s ID. LSDB Type Displays which one of four types of link advertisements by which the current link was discovered by the switch − Router link (RTRLink), Network link (NETLink), Summary link (Summary), Autonomous System link (ASSummary), or ALL.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-83. OSPF External LSDB Table window The following fields can be set or are displayed: Parameter Description Adv Router ID Displays the Advertising Router’s ID. Link ID This field identifies the portion of the internet environment that is being described by the advertisement. The contents of this field depend on the advertisement's LS type.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide IGMP Group Table To view the IGMP Group table: Click the IGMP Group Table link: Figure 7-85. IGMP Group Table window To display a particular multicast group, enter either the IP address in the Interface Name field, enter the multicast group IP address in the Multicast Group field, highlight GO, and press Enter.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide A T ECHNICAL S PECIFICATIONS General Standards: IEEE 802.3 10BASE-T Ethernet IEEE 802.3u 100BASE-TX Fast Ethernet IEEE 802.3z 1000BASE-SX Gigabit Ethernet IEEE 802.1 P/Q VLAN IEEE 802.3x Full-duplex Flow Control ANSI/IEEE 802.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Physical and Environmental AC inputs: 100 - 240 VAC, 50/60 Hz (internal universal power supply) Power Consumption: 40 watts maximum DC fans: 2 built-in 40 x 40 x10 mm fan Operating Temperature: 0 to 50 degrees Celsius Storage Temperature: -25 to 55 degrees Celsius Humidity: Operating: 5% to 95% RH non-condensing; Storage: 0% to 95% RH non-condensing Dimensions: 441 mm x 207 mm x 44 mm (1U), 19 inch rackmount width Weight: 2 kg EMI: FCC Cla
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide B S AMPLE C ONFIGURATION F ILE This Appendix provides a sample configuration file that can be used with the Update Firmware and Configuration Files screen in the console program. The configuration file is a simple text file that you create. It has two functions: to point to the location of a file on a TFTP server, and to set the IP address, subnet mask and default gateway for the switch.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Notes about the Configuration File: This configuration file can only contain 4 settings: Code_type, Ip_addr, Subnet_mask and Default_gateway. Each command can only appear once in the configuration file. If both the Firmware Update and Use Configuration file options are enabled, the Firmware Update command will take precedence and only the firmware file will be uploaded to the switch.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide C R UNTIME S WITCHING S OFTWARE D EFAULT S ETTINGS Load Mode Switch Operation Mode Configuration update Firmware update Configuration file name Firmware file name Out-of-band baud rate RS232 mode IP address Subnet mask Default Gateway BootP service TFTP server IP address IGMP Snooping Console time out User name Password Device STP Port STP Port enable Bridge max age Bridge hello time Bridge forward delay Bridge priority Port STP cost Port STP priority Forw
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide D U NDERSTANDING AND T ROUBLESHOOTING THE S PANNING T REE P ROTOCOL When the spanning-tree algorithm determines a port should be transitioned to the forwarding state, the following occurs: • The port is put into the listening state where it receives BPDUs and passes them to the switch’s CPU. BPDU packets from the CPU are processed.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Listening State The listening state is the first transition for a port from the blocking state. Listening is an opportunity for the switch to receive BPDUs that may tell the switch that the port should not continue to transition to the forwarding state, but should return to the blocking state (that is, a different port is a better choice). There is no address learning or packet forwarding from a port in the listening state.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Learning State A port in the learning state prepares to participate in frame forwarding. The port enters the learning state from the listening state. A port in the learning state does the following: • Discards frames received from the network segment to which it is attached. • Discards packets sent from another port on the switch for forwarding. • Adds addresses to its forwarding database. • Receives BPDUs and directs them to the CPU.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Forwarding State A port in the forwarding state forwards packets. The port enters the forwarding state from the learning state when the forward delay timer expires. A port in the forwarding state does the following: • Forwards packets received from the network segment to which it is attached. • Forwards packets sent from another port on the switch for forwarding. • Incorporates station location information into its address database.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Disabled State A port in the disabled state does not participate in frame forwarding or STP. A port in the disabled state is virtually non-operational. A disabled port does the following: • Discards packets received from the network segment to which it is attached. • Discards packets sent from another port on the switch for forwarding. • Does not add addresses to its forwarding database. • Receives BPDUs, but does not direct them to the system CPU.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Troubleshooting STP Spanning Tree Protocol Failure A failure in the STA generally leads to a bridging loop. A bridging loop in an STP environment comes from a port that should be in the blocking state, but is forwarding packets.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide In this example, B has been elected as the designated bridge and port 2 on C is in the blocking state. The election of B as the designated bridge is determined by the exchange of BPDUs between B and C. B had a better BPDU than C. B continues sending BPDUs advertising its superiority over the other bridges on this LAN.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide In the above example, port 1 on B is configured as a full-duplex port and port 1 on A is either configured as a half-duplex port, or left in auto-negotiation mode. Because port 1 on B is configured as a full-duplex port, it does not do the carrier sense when accessing the link. B will then start sending packets even if A is using the link. A will then detect collisions and begin to run the flow control algorithm.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide state. If the failure exists at boot, STP will not converge and rebooting the bridges will have no effect. (Note: Rebooting would help temporarily in the previous example). This type of failure is difficult to detect because the Link-state LEDs for Ethernet links rely on the transmit side of the cable to detect a link.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Although the STP can elect a root bridge, a well-designed network will have an identifiable root for each VLAN. Careful setup of the STP parameters will lead to the selection of this best switch as the root for each VLAN. Redundant links can then be built into the network. STP is well suited to maintaining connectivity in the event of a device failure or removal, but is poorly suited to designing networks. Know which links are redundant.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide In this example, the VLAN definitions are extended to switches A and B. This gives only a single blocked port per VLAN and allows the removal of all redundant links by removing switch A or B from the network. Impact of Layer 3 Switching. The IP routing operational mode of the DES-3326 Layer 3 switch can accomplish the following: • Building a forwarding table, and exchanging information with its peers using routing protocols.
DES-3326 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Using layer 3 switches and IP routing eliminates the need for STP port blocking because the packets are routed by destination addresses. The link redundancy remains, and relying on the routing protocols gives a faster convergence than with STP. The drawback is that the introduction of layer 3 switching usually requires a new addressing scheme.
E B RIEF R EVIEW OF B ITWISE L OGICAL O PERATIONS AND The logical AND operation compares 2 bits and if they are both “1”, then the result is “1”, otherwise, the result is “0”. 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 OR The logical OR operation compares 2 bits and if either or both bits are the result is “0”. 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 “1”, then the result is “1”, otherwise, XOR The logical XOR (exclusive OR) operation compares 2 bits and if exactly one of them is a “1”, otherwise the result is “0”.
I NDEX 1 1000BASE-SX Gigabit Module.....................................21 100BASE-FX Fiber (MTRJ Type) Module ...................20 100BASE-FX Fiber Module ..........................................20 100BASE-TX Device ....................................................23 100BASE-TX Module ...................................................19 10BASE-T Device .........................................................23 A AC inputs ........................................................................
N Network Classes Class A, B, C for Subnet Mask ...........................97, 196 NV-RAM ...............................................................91, 186 NWay .............................................................................11 O Operating Temperature ........................................................259 Out-of-Band/Console Setting menu.....................100, 199 P password ......................................................................187 Port Priority ....................
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