DGS-3308 Series 8-Port Gigabit Layer 3 Switch User’s Guide First Edition (December 2001) 651FG3308015 Printed In Taiwan RECYCLABLE
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FCC Warning This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with this user’s guide, may cause harmful interference to radio communications.
Table of Contents About This Guide...............................................................................................................................................................................................1 Overview of this User’s Guide .....................................................................................................................................................................1 Introduction............................................................................
Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)...................................................................................................................................45 Multicast Routing Algorithms...............................................................................................................................................................46 Multicast Routing Protocols........................................................................................................................
Layer 2 Switch Utilities....................................................................................................................................................................... 117 Upgrade Firmware from TFTP Server.............................................................................................................................................. 117 Download Configuration File from TFTP Server............................................................................................
Remote Management Setup................................................................................................................................................................... 188 Management Station IP Settings ...................................................................................................................................................... 188 SNMP Community Settings ...............................................................................................................
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide A BOUT T HIS G UIDE This User’s guide tells you how to install your DGS-3308, how to connect it to your Ethernet network, and how to set its configuration using either the built-in console interface or Web-based management. Overview of this User’s Guide • Chapter 1, “Introduction.” Describes the Switch and its features. • Chapter 2, “Unpacking and Setup.” Helps you get started with the basic installation of the Switch.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide 1 INTRODUCTION This section describes the Layer 3 functionality and Layer 2 and Layer 3 features of the DGS-3308 Series switches. Some background information about Ethernet/Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, and switching technology is presented. This is intended for readers who may not be familiar with the concepts of layered switching and routing but is not intended to be a complete or in-depth discussion.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide installed. Many network segments display poor performance, but the Ethernet wire is only carrying a fraction of its total traffic capacity. The problem is not the network, but the ability of the connected devices to utilize the full capacity of the network. The DGS-3308 can eliminate network bottlenecks to high-traffic areas, and improve the utilization of the network’s installed bandwidth.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide • Per device packet buffer: 512Kbytes. • RS-232 DCE Diagnostic port (console port) for setting up and managing the Switch via a connection to a console terminal or PC using a terminal emulation program. Performance Features Layer 2 Switching Features • 16 Gbps switching fabric capacity • Wire speed packet forwarding rate per system. • Store and forward switching scheme. • Support 8K MAC address. • Support Broadcast Storm control function.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide • Supports IP packet de-fragmentation. • Supports Path MTU discovery. • Supports 802.1D frame support. Traffic Classification and Prioritization • Based on 802.1p priority bits. • Based on MAC address. • 4 priority queues. Management • RS-232 console port for out-of-band network management and system diagnosis via a console terminal or PC. • Spanning Tree Algorithm Protocol for creation of alternative backup paths and prevention of network loops.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide • BOOTP support. • IP filtering on the management interface. • DHCP Client support. • DHCP Relay Agent. • Password enabled. Optional Redundant Power Supply The DGS-3308FG supports the optional DPS-1000 (Redundant Power Supply) to provide automatic power supply monitoring and switchover to a redundant power supply (located in the chassis of the DPS-1000) in case of a failure in the Switch’s internal power supply.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide 2 U NPACKING AND S ETUP This chapter provides unpacking and setup information for the Switch. Unpacking Open the shipping carton of the Switch and carefully unpack its contents.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 2-1. Installing rubber feet for desktop installation Rack Installation The DGS-3308 can be mounted in an EIA standard-sized, 19-inch rack, which can be placed in a wiring closet with other equipment. To install, attach the mounting brackets on the Switch’s side panels (one on each side) and secure them with the screws provided. Figure 2- 2A.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 2-2B. Installing the Switch on an equipment rack Power on The DGS-3308 can be used with AC power supply 100 - 240 VAC, 50 - 60 Hz. The Switch’s power supply will adjust to the local power source automatically and may be powered on without having any or all LAN segment cables connected. After the Switch is plugged in, the LED indicators should respond as follows: • All LED indicators will momentarily blink.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide 3 IDENTIFYING E XTERNAL C OMPONENTS This chapter describes the front panel, rear panel, and LED indicators of the DGS-3308. Front Panel The front panel of the Switch consists of LED indicators, an RS-232 communication port, two GBIC-based Gigabit Ethernet ports, and either six 1000BASE-SX ports (DGS-3308FG) or six 1000BASE-T ports (DGS-3308-TG). Figure 3-1a. Front panel view of the DGS-3308FG Figure 3-1b.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide • The AC power connector is a standard three-pronged connector that supports the power cord. Plug-in the female connector of the provided power cord into this socket, and the male side of the cord into a power outlet. Supported input voltages range from 100 ~ 240 VAC at 50 ~ 60 Hz. Side Panels The right side panel of the Switch contains two system fans (see the top part of the diagram below). The left side panel contains heat vents. Figure 3-3.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide 4 C ONNECTING T HE S WITCH This chapter describes how to connect the DGS-3308FG/DGS-3308TG to your Gigabit Ethernet network. PC to Switch A PC can be connected to the Switch via a four-pair Category 5 cable or a fiber optic cable. The PC should be connected to any of the eight ports of the DGS-3308FG/DGS-3308TG. Figure 4-1. Switch connected to a PC or Workstation The LED indicators for PC connection are dependent on the LAN card capabilities.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 4-2.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide 5 S WITCH MANAGEMENT AND O PERATING C ONCEPTS This chapter discusses many of the concepts and features used to manage the switch, as well as the concepts necessary for the user to understand the functioning of the Switch. Further, this chapter explains many important points regarding these features. Configuring the Switch to implement these concepts and make use of its many features is discussed in detail in the next chapters.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide • Data width: 8 bits • Parity: none • Stop bits: 1 • Flow Control None Make sure the terminal or PC you are using to make this connection is configured to match these settings. If you are having problems making this connection on a PC, make sure the emulation is set to VT-100. If you still don’t see anything, try hitting + r to refresh the screen.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 5-2. Switch Information screen In addition, you can also set an IP Address for a gateway router. This becomes necessary when the network management station is located on a different IP network from the Switch, making it necessary for management packets to go through a router to reach the network manager, and vice-versa. For security, you can set in the Switch a list of IP Addresses of the network managers that you allow to manage the Switch.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide • Cold Start – This trap signifies that the Switch has been powered up and initialized such that software settings are reconfigured and hardware systems are rebooted. A cold start is different from a factory reset in that configuration settings saved to non-volatile RAM used to reconfigure the switch. • Warm Start – This trap signifies that the Switch has been rebooted, however the POST (Power On Self-Test) is skipped.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Authentication The authentication protocol ensures that both the router SNMP agent and the remote user SNMP application program discard packets from unauthorized users. Authentication is accomplished using ‘community strings’, which function like passwords. The remote user SNMP application and the router SNMP must use the same community string.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Some filtering requires the manual entry of information into a filtering table: • MAC address filtering – the manual entry of specific MAC addresses to be filtered from the network. Packets sent from one manually entered MAC address can be filtered from the network. The entry may be specified as either a source, a destination, or both.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Eight binary bits are called a ‘byte’ or an ‘octet’. An octet can represent any decimal value between ‘0’ (00000000) and ‘255’ (11111111). IP addresses, represented in decimal form, are four numbers whose value is between ‘0’ to ‘255’. The total range of IP addresses are then: Lowest possible IP address Highest possible IP address - 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Subnet Masking A subnet mask can be applied to an IP address to identify the network and the node parts of the address. A bitwise logical AND operation between the IP address and the subnet mask results in the Network Address. For example: 00001010.00101010.01001001.11010010 10.42.73.210 Class A IP address 11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000 255.0.0.0 Class A Subnet Mask 00001010.00000000.00000000.00000000 10.0.0.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Classless InterDomain Routing – CIDR Under CIDR, the subnet mask notation is reduced to a simplified shorthand. Instead of specifying all of the bits of the subnet mask, it is simply listed as the number of contiguous “1”s (bits) in the network portion of the address. Look at the subnet mask of the above example in binary - 11111111.11100000.00000000.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide 2 Table 5-3. Class B Subnet Masks # of Bits 2 3 4 5 6 Subnet Mask 255.255.255.192 255.255.255.224 255.255.255.240 255.255.255.248 255.255.255.252 CIDR Notation /26 /27 /28 /29 /30 # of Subnets 2 6 14 30 62 # of Hosts 62 30 14 6 2 Total Hosts 124 180 196 180 124 Table 5-4. Class C Subnet Masks 802.1Q VLANs A VLAN is a collection of end nodes grouped by logic instead of physical location.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide • Untagging – The act of stripping 802.1Q VLAN information out of the packet header. • Ingress port – A port on a switch where packets are flowing into the switch and VLAN decisions must be made. • Egress port – A port on a switch where packets are flowing out of the switch, either to another switch or to an end station, and tagging decisions must be made. IEEE 802.1Q (tagged) VLANs are implemented on the Switch. 802.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 5-3. IEEE 802.1Q Packet Forwarding 802.1Q VLAN Tags The figure below shows the 802.1Q VLAN tag. There are four additional octets inserted after the source MAC address. Their presence is indicated by a value of 0x8100 in the EtherType field. When a packet’s EtherType field is equal to 0x8100, the packet carries the IEEE 802.1Q/802.1p tag.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The EtherType and VLAN ID are inserted after the MAC source address, but before the originial EtherType/Length or Logical Link Control. Because the packet is now a bit longer than it was originally, the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) must be recalculated. Figure 5-5. Adding an IEEE 802.1Q Tag Port VLAN ID Packets that are tagged (are carrying the 802.1Q VID information) can be transmitted from one 802.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Ingress Filtering A port on a switch where packets are flowing into the switch and VLAN decisions must be made is referred to as an ingress port. If ingress filtering is enabled for a port, the switch will examine the VLAN information in the packet header (if present) and decide whether or not to forward the packet. If the packet is tagged with VLAN information, the ingress port will first determine if the ingress port itself is a member of the tagged VLAN.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide An example is presented below: VLAN Name VID Switch Ports System (default) 1 5 Engineering 2 6, 7 Marketing 3 8 Finance 4 2 Sales 5 3 Backbone 6 4 Table 5-5. VLAN Example – Assigned Ports In this case, 6 IP interfaces are required, so a CIDR notation of 10.32.0.0/11 (or a 11-bit) addressing scheme will work. This addressing scheme will give a subnet mask of 11111111.11100000.00000000.00000000 (binary) or 255.224.0.0 (decimal). Using a 10.xxx.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide This automatic network reconfiguration provides maximum uptime to network users. However, the concepts of the Spanning Tree Algorithm and protocol are a complicated and complex subject and must be fully researched and understood. It is possible to cause serious degradation of the performance of the network if the Spanning Tree is incorrectly configured. Please read the following before making any changes from the default values.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide greater chance of a given switch being elected as the root bridge Hello Time The length of time between broadcasts of the hello message by the switch 2 seconds Maximum Age Timer Measures the age of a received BPDU for a port and ensures that the BPDU is discarded when its age exceeds the value of the maximum age timer.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide • The port identifier of the transmitting port The switch sends BPDUs to communicate and construct the spanning-tree topology. All switches connected to the LAN on which the packet is transmitted will receive the BPDU. BPDUs are not directly forwarded by the switch, but the receiving switch uses the information in the frame to calculate a BPDU, and, if the topology changes, initiates a BPDU transmission.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide • From learning to forwarding or to disabled • From forwarding to disabled • From disabled to blocking Figure 5-6. STP Port State Transitions You can modify each port state by using management software. When you enable STP, every port on every switch in the network goes through the blocking state and then transitions through the states of listening and learning at power up. If properly configured, each port stabilizes to the forwarding or blocking state.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide User-Changeable STA Parameters The factory default setting should cover the majority of installations. However, it is advisable to keep the default settings as set at the factory; unless, it is absolutely necessary. The user changeable parameters in the Switch are as follows: • Priority – A Priority for the switch can be set from 0 to 65535. 0 is equal to the highest Priority. • Hello Time – The Hello Time can be from 1 to 10 seconds.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 5-7. Before Applying the STA Rules In this example, only the default STP values are used. Figure 5-8. After Applying the STA Rules The switch with the lowest Bridge ID (switch C) was elected the root bridge, and the ports were selected to give a high port cost between switches B and C. The two (optional) Gigabit ports (default port cost = 4) on switch A are connected to one (optional) Gigabit port on both switch B and C.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Protocol Layering The task of connecting users to networks, and then networks to networks, is made somewhat easier by dividing up the overall job into simpler, but related, tasks. Each task is structured to be resilient to failures in the connecting hardware, software, data loss, data corruption, and data received out of order. Taken together, these tasks are referred to as a protocol suite. Each task, or protocol, must communicate with other protocols.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Using the protocol layering model to visualize the organization of the network software, Layer 2 represents switching and Layer 3 represents routing. In fact, the protocol layering model gives only guidelines for writing programs to accomplish certain tasks and functions. How the layers communicate within a protocol stack (for example, within a network device or a computer) is determined by the operating system programmers.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Layer 1 Layer 2 This is commonly called the switching layer. It allows for the addressing of end stations and for the interconnection of end stations. This allows a practical way to construct simple but high-performance networks connecting thousands of end stations. Switching forwards packets based on the unique Media Access Control (MAC) address of each end station.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) is the official name of a suite of protocols designed to allow computers to communicate and share resources across a network. TCP and IP are only the two best known protocols of the suite, but TCP/IP is used to refer to the entire suite. TCP/IP is itself a layered set of protocols.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Connection 1 1234, 21 10.42.73.23 210.128.12.1 Connection 2 1235, 21 10.42.73.23 210.128.12.1 So the local computer, 10.42.73.23 has two connections to the FTP Server, 210.128.12.1. Commands sent from 10.42.73.23 are received by the FTP Server on the well-known TCP port number 21, but the transmitted files are received by 10.42.73.23 on either TCP port number 1234 or 1235, depending on which port issued the command.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The TCP header is added to the beginning of each packet. This header contains at least 20 octets including the source and destination TCP port numbers. Each packet is given a sequence number that is used to ensure that the packets are received in the correct order. The packets themselves are not numbered, instead, the octets the packet contains is numbered.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 5-12. IP Packet Header Flags and Fragment Offset are used when a packet must be divided into smaller pieces by a network device. This is sometimes necessary for a packet to cross a network that can not process large packet sizes. Time-to-Live (TTL) is the maximum number of gateways a packet can pass through. This number is decremented each time a packet is forwarded through a gateway. When the TTL reaches zero, the packet is dropped.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide IP removes the IP header. It looks at the IP protocol field. Since the protocol type is TCP, it passes the packet to TCP. TCP now looks at the sequence number and uses it to recombine the packets in the correct order. The Domain Name System Most network software uses a 32 bit IP address to identify network devices and computers on the network. User’s generally prefer to use text names for network nodes.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The software in a traditional router (or the hardware in a layer 3 switch) is designed to forward packets from one network to another. Routing is based upon the Network Address of the destination IP address. Each network device or computer has at least one gateway address (the default gateway) and this is generally the best way to send packets out of the local network and into the WAN or the Internet.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 5-14. Class D Multicast Address Some of the assigned IP multicast addresses: Address Assignment 224.0.0.0 Base Address (reserved) 224.0.0.1 All Systems on this subnet 224.0.0.2 All Routers on this subnet 224.0.0.3 Unassigned 224.0.0.4 DVMRP Routers 224.0.0.5 OSPF IGP Routers 224.0.0.6 OSPF IGP Designated Routers 224.0.0.7 ST Routers 224.0.0.8 ST Hosts 224.0.0.9 All RIP2 Routers 224.0.0.10 All IGRP Routers 224.0.0.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) Computers and network devices that want to receive multicast transmissions need to inform nearby routers that they will become members of a multicast group. The Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) is used to communicate this information. IGMP is also used to periodically check the multicast group for members that are no longer active.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The states a computer will go through to join or to leave a multicast group are shown below: Figure 5-16. IGMP State Transitions Multicast Routing Algorithms Multicast routing is based on a tree concept where the multicast source is the trunk and the multicast group members are the leaves. Branches can be thought of as subnetworks.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Reverse Path Broadcasting (RPB) The RPB algorithm is a modification of the spanning tree algorithm. Instead of building a network-wide spanning tree, a virtual spanning tree is constructed for each multicast source. When a router receives a multicast packet from a source, the router will check to see if the link on which the packet was received is the shortest path to the source.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Multicast Routing Protocols This section gives a brief review of two multicast routing protocols – the Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol (DVMRP) and the Protocol Independent Multicast – Dense Mode (PIM-DM). Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol (DVMRP) DVMRP was derived from the Routing Information Protocol (RIP).
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide RIP specifies a few rules to improve performance and reliability. Once a router learns a route from another router, it must apply hysteresis, meaning that it does not replace the route with an equal cost route. In other words, to prevent oscillation among equal cost paths, RIP specifies that existing routes should be retained until a new route has a strictly lower cost. RIP specifies that all listeners must timeout routes they learn via RIP.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide RIP Version 1 Message Format RIP messages can be classified into two types: routing information messages and messages used to request information. Both use the same format which consist of a fixed header followed by and optional list of network and distance pairs. The message format used by version 1 is shown below. Figure 5-17. RIP v.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide 10 Update Response 11 Update Acknowledgement Table 5-12. RIP Command Codes A router or host can ask another router for routing information by sending a request command. Routers reply to requests using the response command. In most cases, however, routers broadcast unsolicited response messages periodically. The field VERSION contains the protocol version number (1 in this case), and is used by the receiver to verify it will interpret the message correctly.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide RIP2 Message Format The message format used with RIP2 is an extension of the RIP1 format, with additional information occupying unused octets of the address field. In particular, each address includes an explicit next hop as well as an explicit subnet mask. Figure 5-18. Rip Message Format RIP 2 also attaches a 16-bit Route Tag to each entry. A router must send the same tag it receives when it transmits the route.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Consider, for example, a typical corporate intranet. Most use a hierarchy that consists of a high-speed backbone network with multiple routers each connecting the backbone to a workgroup, where each workgroup occupies a single LAN. Although the corporation can include dozens of workgroups, the span of the entire intranet is only 2.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide 6 C ONFIGURING THE S WITCH U SING THE C ONSOLE INTERFACE Your 8-port Gigabit Ethernet Layer 3 Switch supports a console management interface that allows you to set up and control your Switch, either with an ordinary terminal (or terminal emulator), or over the network using the TCP/IP Telnet protocol. You can use this facility to perform many basic network management functions.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide 5. 6. 7. Develop a security scheme. Some subnets on the network need more security or should be isolated from the other subnets. IP or MAC filtering can be used. Also, one or more VLANs on the Layer 3 switch can be configured without an IP subnet – in which case, these VLANs will function as a layer 2 VLAN and would require an external router to connect to the rest of the network. Develop a policy scheme.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Connecting to the Switch You can use the console interface by connecting the Switch to a VT100-compatible terminal or a computer running an ordinary terminal emulator program (e.g., the terminal program included with the Windows operating system) using an RS232C serial cable.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-1. Initial screen, first time connecting to the Switch Note: There is no initial username or password. Leave the username and password fields blank. Note: The Switch’s operational mode (Layer 3 or Layer 2) is displayed in the upper right-hand corner of every menu in the console. The switch operational mode is changed under Switch Settings from the Main Menu and is described later in this manual. Press Enter in both the username and password fields.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-2. Main Menu Note: The first user automatically gets Root privileges (See Table 6-1). It is recommended to create at least one Root-level user for the Switch.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-3. Main Menu Figure 6-4. Setup User Accounts screen User Accounts Management From the Main Menu, highlight Setup User Accounts and press Enter, then the Setup User Accounts menu appears.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide 1. Toggle the Action:< > field to using the space bar. This will allow the addition of a new user. The other options are - this allows the deletion of a user entry, and - this allows for changes to be made to an existing user entry. 2. Enter the new user name, assign an initial password, and then confirm the new password. Determine whether the new user should have , , or privileges.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Some settings, though, require you to restart the switch before they will take effect. Restarting the Switch erases all settings in RAM and reloads the stored settings from the NV-RAM. Thus, it is necessary to save all setting changes to NV-RAM before rebooting the Switch. To retain any configuration changes permanently, highlight Save Changes from the Main Menu.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Once the Switch configuration settings have been saved to NV-RAM, they become the default settings for the switch. These settings will be used every time the Switch is rebooted. Reboot The only way to change the configuration stored in NV-RAM is to save a new configuration using Save Changes from the Main Menu or to execute a factory reset from the System Reboot menu (click Reboot on the Main Menu).
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-8. Reboot screen Highlight Yes and press Enter to complete the desired option from the System Reboot screen. Please note that if either the third or fourth choice is selected, all User Accounts (and other configuration settings) you may have entered will be erased and the Switch will return to the state it was in when it was purchased. Logging Onto The Switch Console To log in once you have created a registered user, from the login screen: 1.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-9. Setup Users Accounts screen 1. Toggle the Action: field using the space bar to choose Add, Update, or Delete. 2. Type in the Username for the user account you wish to change and enter the Old Password for that user account. 3. You can now modify the password or the privilege level for this user account. 4. If the password is to be changed, type in the New Password you have chosen, and press Enter.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Highlight Setup User Accounts from the Main Menu. The current user accounts can be read from the Setup User Accounts screen that is displayed. Deleting a User Account To delete a user account: 1. Toggle the Action: field to Delete. 2. Enter the Username for the account you want to delete. 3. Highlight APPLY and press Enter to make the deletion of the selected user take effect. 4.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Switch Information Highlight Switch Information from the Main Menu and press Enter: Figure 6-11. Switch Information screen The Switch Information shows the type of switch (Layer 3), which (if any) external modules are installed, and the Switch’s MAC Address (assigned by the factory and unchangeable). In addition, the Boot PROM and Firmware Version numbers are shown.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-12. Power Supply and Cooling Fan Status screen IP Setup Some settings must be entered to allow the Switch to be managed from an SNMP-based Network Management System such as SNMP v1 or to be able to access the Switch using the Telnet protocol or the Web-based Manager. Please see the next chapter for Web-based network management information.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-13. IP Setup screen Configuring the Switch’s IP Address The Switch needs to have an IP address assigned to it so that an In-Band network management system (e.g. Web-based Manager or Telnet) client can find it on the network. The IP Setup screen allows you to change the settings for this management interface used on the Switch. The fields listed under the Current Switch IP Settings heading are those that are currently being used by the Switch.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide • § Subnet Mask – A Bitmask that determines the extent of the subnet that the Switch is on. Should be of the form xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx, where each xxx is a number (represented in decimal) between 0 and 255. The value should be 255.0.0.0 for a Class A network, 255.255.0.0 for a Class B network, and 255.255.255.0 for a Class C network, but custom subnet masks are allowed.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Setup Trap Recipients Figure 6-15.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-16. Configure Ports screen To configure a specific port, toggle the Configure Port from [ appear. Toggle the State:< ] to [ ] field until the appropriate port numbers > field to either enable or disable a given port. Toggle the Speed/Duplex:< > field to select the speed and duplex state of the port. There are two choices: Auto and 1000M/Full.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-17. Serial Port Settings screen The following fields can then be set: • Baud Rate – Sets the serial bit rate that will be used to communicate the next time the Switch is restarted. Available speeds are 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400 and 57600 bits per second. The default setting is 9600. • Auto-Logout – This sets the time the interface can be idle before the Switch automatically logs-out the user. The options are 2 mins, 5 mins, 10 mins, 15 mins, or Never.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide 2. IP Routing with IEEE 802.1Q VLAN support: the switching process is based upon the IP source and destination addresses, if present. If the IP addresses are not present, the switching process is based upon the MAC addresses (as in Layer 2 above). 802.1Q VLANs are supported and the Switch is considered as a VLAN-tag aware device. The Switch must be rebooted when changing the operation mode before the new operation mode can take effect.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-19. Switch Mode Selection screen The field Select switch operation mode:< > can be toggled using the space bar to one of the two switch operation modes: Layer 2 Only, Support IEEE 802.1Q VLANs and IP Routing, Support IEEE 802.1Q VLANs. To make a change in the operation mode of the Switch effective, highlight APPLY and press Enter. Figure 6-20. Change Mode Confirmation screen Type y and press Enter.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Switch Settings – IP Routing Mode Once the Switch is configured for IP Routing (Layer 3 Switching), and rebooted, the Main Menu adds some functions compared to the Layer 2 Only mode. Figure 6-21.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-22. Main Menu – Layer 2 Switching Mode Layer 2 Switch Settings Note: Layer 2 Switch functions and settings are also available when the Switch is configured to operate in the IP Routing (Layer 3) mode.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-23. Layer 2 Switch Settings screen The following fields can then be set: • Switch GVRP: – Group VLAN Registration Protocol is a protocol that allows members to dynamically join VLANs. • Switch GMRP: Disabled – Group Multicast Registration Protocol is a protocol that allows members to dynamically join Multicast groups. This function is not supported in the current version of the Switch software.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-24. Setup Layer 3 – IP Networking menu Now highlight Setup RIP Configuration from the Setup Layer 3 IP Networking menu above and press Enter to access the following screen: Figure 6-25.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide • Interface name:[ ] – The name of the IP interface on which RIP is to be setup. This interface must be previously configured on the Switch. • TX Mode: – Toggle among Disabled, V1 Only, V1 Compatible, and V2 Only. This entry specifies which version of the RIP protocol will be used to transmit RIP packets. Disabled prevents the transmission of RIP packets. • RX Mode: – Toggle among Disabled, V1 Only, V2 Only, and V1 and V2.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-26. VLAN Menu To create an 802.1Q VLAN, highlight Edit 802.1Q VLANs and press Enter: Figure 6-27. Edit 802.1Q VLANs menu To create an 802.1Q VLAN, toggle the Action: field to Add/Modify using the space bar. Enter a VLAN ID number in the VID:[ ] field and a name for the new VLAN in the VLAN Name:[ ] field.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Choose which ports will be members of the new VLAN and enter their membership status in the Membership (E/F/-): [ ][ ][ ] field. The status indicators of the individual ports can be entered directly from the keyboard or toggled using the space bar. Moving between the status indicators of the individual ports is accomplished using the arrow keys. To set the 802.1Q VLAN membership status of a port: To enter the 802.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-28. Edit 802.1Q VLANs menu Note: The default VLAN includes all of the ports on the Switch at first boot. As new VLANs are added, the member ports of the new VLAN are deleted from the default VLAN. To configure the member ports of an 802.1Q VLAN: Figure 6-29.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide To configure the port settings of an 802.1Q VLAN, highlight Configure 802.1Q Port Settings and press Enter: Figure 6-30. Configure 802.1Q Port Settings screen Each port can be configured to use an Ingress Filter. The ports to be configured in a given session can be identified by either entering a range of port numbers or by entering the PVID#. Ingress filtering is toggled between On and Off using the space bar. To configure a port’s 802.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-31. VLAN Menu To edit an existing 802.1Q VLAN, highlight Edit 802.1Q VLANs and press Enter: Figure 6-32. Edit 802.1Q VLANs screen To edit an existing 802.1Q VLAN, highlight the Action: field and toggle between Add/Modify and Delete. In the Add/Modify mode, both individual entrees to a selected VLAN and entire VLANs can be added.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Delete mode, entire VLANs can be deleted. VLANs to be edited can be selected by either the VID:[ ] field or the VLAN Name:[ ] fields. Enter either the VID or the VLAN Name for the 802.1Q VLAN you want to edit and press Enter. Note: To delete an entire VLAN, toggle the Action: field to Delete, enter either the VID or the VLAN Name in the appropriate field and press Enter. Highlight Apply and press Enter. The selected VLAN will be deleted.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide • Ingress Filter – This enables the port to compare the VID tag of an incoming packet with the PVID number assigned to the port. If the two are different, the port filters (drops) the packet. • GVRP – Group VLAN Registration Protocol enables the port to dynamically become a member of a VLAN. • GMRP – Group Multicast Registration Protocol enables the port to dynamically become a member of a multicast group.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Sales 5 10.160.0.0 10.160.0.1 Backbone 6 10.192.0.0 10.192.0.1 Table 5-6. VLAN Example – Assigned IP Interfaces The 6 IP interfaces, each with an IP address (listed in the table above), and a subnet mask of 255.224.0.0 can be entered into the Setup IP Interface menu. Note: IP interfaces consist of two parts – a subnet mask and an IP address.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-34. Setup IP Interface screen Toggle the Action: field to Add/Modify. Choose a name for the interface to be added and enter it in the Interface Name:[ ] field. The corresponding VLAN ID must also be entered in the VID:[ ] field. Enter the interface’s IP address and subnet mask in the corresponding fields. Toggle the Active: field to yes, highlight APPLY and press enter to make the IP interface effective.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Multicasting Layer 2 Multicast Setup To access the Multicasting Menu, highlight Multicasting from the Main Menu and press Enter. Figure 6-35. Multicasting Menu IGMP Snooping Settings – by VLAN To Enable or Disable IGMP Snooping for a VLAN, highlight IGMP Snooping Settings, and press Enter.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-36. IGMP Snooping screen To edit a VLAN’s IGMP Snooping Settings: • Switch IGMP Snooping:< > – This field can be toggled between Enabled and Disabled using the space bar. This enables or disables IGMP snooping for the selected VLAN. • Querier State:< > – This field determines whether the Switch is able to send IGMP snooping queries. • Non-Querier – This indicates the IGMP interface will never try to become a querier in the VLAN.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide address remain in the IGMP address table. The default value is 260 seconds. To set the age-out timer for an individual IGMP snooping entry, you must enter values in the Robustness Variable, Query Interval, and Max Response fields as the age-out value is arrived at by multiplying the first two figures and then adding the last value. IEEE 802.1Q Multicast Forwarding To edit the IEEE802.1 Multicast Forwarding settings, highlight IEEE 802.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Static Router Port Note: There is no difference between the setup of a ‘router port’ in Layer 2 Only mode and in IP Routing mode. Note: A router port allows UDP multicast and IGMP packets to be forwarded to a designated port on the switch regardless of VLAN configuration. Note: A router port functions within layer 2 of the OSI model.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide port of the Layer 3 switch would not be able to receive UDP data streams at all of its ports unless the UDP multicast packets were all forwarded to the router port. Note: A router port will be dynamically configured when IGMP query packets, RIPv2 multicast, DVMRP multicast, PIM-DM multicast packets are detected flowing into a port. It is recommended that router ports be statically configured whenever possible.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-40. IP Multicast Settings menu Multicast Interface Configuration To configure the multicast interface, highlight Multicast Interface Configuration and press Enter. Figure 6-41.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide • Interface Name:[ ] – Enter the name of the IP interface that is to be configured for multicasting in this field. This must be a previously configured IP interface. See Setting up IP Interfaces in Chapter 6 of this manual for more information. • IGMP: < > – Toggle between Enabled and Disabled using the space bar. This will enable or disable IGMP for the IP interface entered above.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Robustness Var:[ ] – This is a tuning variable to allow for subnetworks that are expected to lose a large number of packets. A value between 2 and 255 can be entered, with larger values being specified for subnetworks that are expected to lose larger numbers of packets • IGMP Static Member Configuration To configure IGMP static members, highlight IGMP Static Member Configuration on the IP Multicasting Settings menu and press Enter. Figure 6-43.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-44. DVMRP Interface Configuration screen • Interface Name:[ ] – Enter the name of the IP interface for which DVMRP is to be configured in this field. This must be a previously defined IP interface. See Setting up IP Interfaces in Chapter 6 of this manual for more information. Note: The Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol (DVMRP) is a hop-based method of building multicast delivery trees from multicast sources to all nodes of a network.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide • Route Metric:[1 ] – This field allows an entry between 1 and 255 and defines the route cost for the IP interface. The DVMRP route metric is a relative number that represents the real cost of using this route in the construction of a multicast delivery tree. It is similar to, but not defined as, the hop count in RIP. The default cost is 1.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Note: The Protocol Independent Multicast – Dense Mode (PIM-DM) protocol should be used in networks with a low delay (low latency) and high bandwidth as PIM-DM is optimized to guarantee delivery of multicast packets, not to reduce overhead. • Hello Interval:[30 ] – This field allows an entry of between 1 and 18,724 seconds and determines the interval between sending Hello packets to other routers on the network.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Highlight Static Router Port Settings from the Multicasting Menu and press Enter. Figure 6-46. Static Router Port Setup screen Note: All IGMP Report packets will be forwarded to the router port. Note: IGMP queries (from the router port) will be flooded to all ports. Note: All UDP multicast packets will be forwarded to the router port.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Mirroring To configure a port for port mirroring, highlight Mirroring from the Main Menu and press Enter. Figure 6-47. Mirroring Menu To select the target port, highlight Target Port Selection and press Enter.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-48. Target Port Selection screen The target port is the port where information will be duplicated and sent for capture and network analysis. This is the port where a network analyzer would be attached to capture packets duplicated from the source port. To select the source port(s) for mirroring, highlight Port Mirroring Settings and press Enter. Figure 6-49.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The Action:< > field can be toggled between Add/Modify and Delete using the space bar. Entries can be added, modified or deleted based upon the port number entered in the Source Port [ ] field. The Direction:< > field can be toggled between Either, Ingress, and Egress. Either mirrors both received and transmitted packets at the given port. Ingress mirrors only received packets, while Egress mirrors only transmitted packets.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Filtering Layer 2 Filtering Layer 2 Only switch operation mode. To enter a MAC address into the filtering table: Highlight Filtering from the Main Menu and press Enter. Figure 6-51. Filtering Menu Highlight MAC Address Filter and press Enter.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-52. Setup MAC Address Filter screen The Action:< > field can be toggled between Add/Modify and Delete using the space bar. Enter the VLAN ID in the VID: [ ] field and the MAC address to be filtered in the MAC Address:[ address must be a unicast MAC address. The Source/Destination:< ] field. This > field can be toggled between Src. (source), Dst. (destination), and Either. Highlight APPLY and press Enter to make the changes current.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-53. Filtering Menu To enter a MAC address into the filtering table, highlight MAC Address Filter and press Enter. Figure 6-54. Setup MAC Address Filter screen The Action:< > field can be toggled between Add/Modify and Delete using the space bar. Enter the VLAN ID in the VID:[ ] field and the MAC address to be filtered in the MAC Address:[ ] field.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The Source/Destination: < > field can be toggled between Src. (source), Dst. (destination), and Either. The MAC address entered into the filtering table can be filtered as a source (packets will not be received from the MAC address), as a destination (packets will not be transmitted to the MAC address), or as either a source or destination (packets will not be received from or transmitted to the MAC address.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Forwarding Layer 2 Forwarding Layer 2 Only switch operation mode To enter a MAC address into the switch’s forwarding table, highlight Forwarding from the Main Menu and press Enter. Figure 6-56. Forwarding Menu Highlight MAC Address Forwarding from the Forwarding Menu and press Enter.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-57. MAC Address Forwarding screen The Action:< > field can be toggled between Add/Modify and Delete using the space bar. Enter the VLAN ID in the VID:[ ] field and the MAC address to be statically entered in the forwarding table in the MAC Address:[ ] field. Enter the port number in the Port: [ ] field. Highlight APPLY and press Enter to make the changes current. Use Save Changes from the Main Menu to enter the changes into NV-RAM.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-58. Forwarding Menu Highlight MAC Address Forwarding and press Enter. Figure 6-59. MAC Address Forwarding screen The Action:< > field can be toggled between Add/Modify and Delete using the space bar. Enter the VLAN ID in the VID:[ ] field and the MAC address to be statically entered in the forwarding table in the MAC Address:[ ] field. Enter the port number in the Port: [ ] field.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Highlight APPLY and press enter to make the changes current. Use Save Changes from the Main Menu to enter the changes into NV-RAM. IP Static Routes To enter a static IP route into the Switch’s forwarding table, highlight Static/Default Routes from the Forwarding Menu and press Enter. Figure 6-60. Setup Static IP Routes screen The Action:< > field can be toggled between Add and Delete using the space bar.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-61. Setup Static ARP Entries screen The Action:< > field can be toggled between Add/Modify and Delete using the space bar. Enter the IP interface name in the Interface:[ ] field, the corresponding IP address in the IP Address:[ ] field, and the MAC address in the last field. Highlight APPLY and press Enter to make the changes current. Use Save Changes from the Main Menu to enter the changes into NV-RAM.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-62. Configure Spanning Tree screen Note: The Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) operates on two levels: on the switch level, the settings are globally implemented. On the port level, the settings are implemented on a per user-defined Group basis. Note: The factory default setting should cover the majority of installations. However, it is advisable to keep the default settings as set at the factory; unless, it is absolutely necessary.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Max. Age 2 x (Hello Time + 1 second) Port Group Spanning Tree Settings In addition to setting Spanning Tree parameters for use on the switch level, the DGS-3308 allows for the configuration of groups of ports, each port-group of which will have its own spanning tree, and will require some of its own configuration settings. An STP Group will use the switch-level parameters entered above, with the addition of Port Priority and Port Cost.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-64. STP Port Settings screen The STP port settings that can be configured are: • Configure Port from [ ] to [ ] – Enter the desired ports in the two fields offered. • Port Cost – A Port Cost can be set from 1 to 65535. The lower the number, the greater the probability the port will be chosen to forward packets. • Priority – A Port Priority can be from 0 to 255.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Load balancing is automatically applied to the links in the port trunk group, and a link failure within the group causes the network traffic to be directed to the remaining links in the group. Note: The Spanning Tree Protocol will treat a port trunk group as a single link, on the switch level. On the port level, the STP will use the port parameters of the base port in the calculation of port cost and in determining the state of the link aggregation group.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Switch Utilities Layer 2 Switch Utilities To access the Switch Utilities menu, highlight Utilities from the Main Menu and press Enter. Figure 6-66. Switch Utilities menu Note: Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) services allow the switch firmware to be upgraded by transferring a new firmware file from a TFTP server to the switch.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-67. Upgrade Firmware from TFTP Server screen Enter the server IP address and the path and filename of the firmware file on the server. Note that in many instances the firmware file is in the root directory of the C drive of the server. Note: The TFTP server must be running TFTP server software to perform the file transfer. TFTP server software is a part of many network management software packages, or can be obtained as a separate program.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-68. Download Configuration File from TFTP Server screen Enter the IP address of the server and specify the location of the switch configuration file on the server. Highlight APPLY and press Enter record the IP address of the server. Use Save Changes from the Main Menu to enter the address into NV-RAM Highlight START and press Enter to initiate the file transfer.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-69. Upload Configuration File to TFTP Server screen Enter the IP address of the server and the path and filename of the settings file on the server and press APPLY. Save Log to TFTP Server To save a history log to a TFTP server, highlight Save Log to TFTP Server on the Switch Utilities menu and press Enter.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-70. Save Log to TFTP Server screen Enter the IP address of the server and the path and filename for the history log on the server. Highlight APPLY and press Enter to make the changes current. Ping To test the connection with another network device using Ping, highlight Ping Test on the Switch Utilities menu and press Enter.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-71. Ping screen Enter the IP address of the network device to be Pinged and the number of test packets to be sent (3 is usually enough). Highlight START and press Enter to initiate the Ping program. Layer 3 Utilities Layer 3 (IP Routing) switch operation mode adds BOOTP/DHCP Relay and DNS Relay to the utilities available on the Switch.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-72. Switch Utilities menu Highlight BOOTP/DHCP Relay on the Switch Utilities menu and press Enter. Figure 6-73. BOOTP/DHCP Relay screen Toggle between Enabled and Disabled in the first field. The BootP hops count limit allows the maximum number of hops (routers) that the BootP messages can be relayed through to be set.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide limit, the packet is dropped. The range is between 1 and 16 hops, with a default value of 4. The relay time threshold sets the minimum time (in seconds) that the Switch will wait before forwarding a BOOTREQUEST packet. If the value in the seconds field of the packet is less than the relay time threshold, the packet will be dropped. The range is between 0 and 65,536 seconds, with a default value of 0 seconds.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-75. DNS Relay screen The DNSR Status can be toggled between Disabled and Enabled using the space bar. Toggle the field to Enabled, enter the IP address of Name Server 1 and Name Server 2, if so desired. The DNSR Cache Status: can be toggled between Disabled and Enabled. This determines if a DNS cache will be enabled on the switch. The DNSR Static Table Lookup Status: can be toggled between Disabled and Enabled.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-76. DNS Relay – Static table configuration screen The Action: field can be toggled between Add/Modify and Delete. Enter the Domain name and its corresponding IP address. Highlight APPLY and press Enter to make the change current. Use Save Changes to enter the table into NV-RAM. Network Monitoring The DGS-3308 provides extensive network monitoring capabilities.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-77. Network Monitoring Menu Port Utilization To view the port utilization, highlight Port Utilization on the Network Monitoring Menu and press Enter. Figure 6-78.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The Port Utilization screen shows the number of packets transmitted and received per second and calculates the percentage of the total available bandwidth being used on the port (displayed under %Util.). The Interval:<2 sec> field can be toggled from 2 seconds to 1 minute, or Suspend. Port Error Packets To view the error statistics for a port, highlight Port Error Packets on the Network Monitoring Menu and press Enter. Figure 6-79.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-80. Port Packet Analysis screen In addition to the size of packets received or transmitted by the selected port, statistics on the number of unicast, multicast, and broadcast packets are displayed. Enter the port number of the port to be viewed. The Interval:<2 sec> field can be toggled from 2 seconds to 1 minute, or Suspend.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-81. Browse MAC Address Table screen The Browse By: field can be toggled between ALL, MAC address, Port, and VLAN. This sets a filter to determine which MAC addresses from the forwarding table are displayed. ALL specifies no filter. To search for a particular MAC address, toggle the Browse By: field to MAC Address. A MAC Address:[000000000000] field will appear. Enter the MAC address in the field and press Enter.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-82. IGMP Snooping screen Switch History To view the switch history log, highlight Switch History from the Network Monitoring Menu and press Enter. Figure 6-83.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Layer 3 Network Monitoring When the Switch is in Layer 3 (IP Routing) mode, several items are added to the Network Monitoring Menu. The following items are added to the Network Monitoring Menu when the Switch is in Layer 3 (IP Routing) mode: • Browse IP Address • Routing Table • ARP Table • IP Multicast Forwarding Table • IGMP Group Table • DVMRP Routing Table Figure 6-84.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-85. Browse IP Address screen To display a particular IP address, enter the IP address in the Jump to IP Address:[0.0.0.0] field, highlight GO, and press Enter. IP Routing Table To view the contents of the routing table, highlight Routing Table on the Network Monitoring Menu and press Enter.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-86. Routing Table screen To display a particular Destination IP address, enter the IP address in the Jump to Destination Address:[0.0.0.0] field, the gateway address in the Gateway:[0.0.0.0] field, and the subnet mask in the Mask:[0.0.0.0] field, highlight GO, and press Enter. Highlighting CLEAR TABLE and pressing Enter will empty the table. ARP Table To view the ARP table, highlight ARP Table on the Network Monitoring Menu and press Enter.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-87. ARP Table screen To display a particular IP interface or an IP address, enter the IP interface name in the Jump to Interface Name:[ ] field and the IP address in the IP Address:[0.0.0.0] field, highlight GO, and press Enter. Highlighting CLEAR TABLE and pressing Enter will empty the table. Browse Router Port To view the current router ports, highlight Browse Router Port from the Network Monitoring Menu and press Enter.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-88. Browse Router Port screen To display a particular router port, enter the VLAN ID number in the Jump to VID:[0.0.0.0] field, highlight GO, and then press Enter. IP Multicast Forwarding Table To view the IP multicast forwarding table: Highlight IP Multicast Forwarding Table from the Network Monitoring Menu and press Enter.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-89. Browse IP Multicast Forwarding Table screen To display a particular multicast group, enter the IP address in the Jump to Multicast Group:[0.0.0.0] field, the source IP address in the Source IP:[0.0.0.0] field, and the source subnet mask in the Source Mask:[0.0.0.0] field, highlight GO, and press Enter. IGMP Group Table To browse the IGMP Group Table, highlight IGMP Group Table from the Network Monitoring Menu and press Enter.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-90. IGMP Group Table screen To display an IGMP Group Table, enter the name of the routing interface in the Jump to Interface Name:[0.0.0.0] and the Multicast Group in the second field, highlight GO, and press Enter. DVMRP Routing Table To view the DVMRP routing table, highlight DVMRP Routing Table from the Network Monitoring Menu and press Enter.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-91. DVMRP Routing Table screen To display a particular source IP address, enter the IP address in the Jump to IP Address:[0.0.0.0] field, the source subnet mask in the Source Mask:[0.0.0.0] field, highlight GO, and press Enter. Highlighting CLEAR TABLE and pressing Enter will empty the table. Reboot and Factory Reset To access the reboot, save, and factory reset options, highlight Reboot on the Main Menu and press Enter.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-92. Reboot menu The reboot options are as follows: • Reboot simply restarts the switch. Any configuration settings not saved using Save Changes from the Main Menu will be lost. The Switch’s configuration will be restored to the last configuration saved in NV-RAM. • Save Configuration & Reboot saves the configuration to NV-RAM (identical to using Save Changes) and then restarts the switch.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 6-93. Reboot screen To reboot the Switch, in the mode entered above, highlight Yes and press Enter. Note: The factory defaults for the DGS-3308 are listed in Appendix D of this manual.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide 7 WEB -B ASED N ETWORK MANAGEMENT Introduction The DGS-3308 offers an embedded Web-based (HTML) interface allowing users to manage the Switch from anywhere on the network through a standard browser such as Netscape Navigator/Communicator or Microsoft Internet Explorer. The Web browser acts as a universal access tool and can communicate directly with the Switch using the HTTP protocol.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide 3. Determine which network resources must be shared by the subnets. Shared resources may be connected directly to the Layer 3 switch, if need be. Static routes to each of the shared resources should be determined. 4. Determine how each subnet will communicate with the WAN or Internet. Again, static routes should be determined and default gateways identified. 5. 6. 7. Develop a security scheme.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Existing WAN or Internet connections will probably have a router to connect the interface device to the network. This router can be connected to the DGS-3308 using a port designated as a ‘router port’. Designating a port as a router port allows multicasting messages to be passed to the router with a WAN or Internet connection without flooding these messages throughout the network.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-3. User Accounts Control Table – Add screen 1. Enter the new user name, assign an initial password, and then confirm the new password. Determine whether the new user should have Root, User+, or User privileges. 2. Click on Apply to make the user addition effective. 3. A listing of all user accounts and access levels is shown on the user accounts control table. This list is updated when Apply is executed. 4.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide After establishing a User Account with Root-level privileges, click Apply and then press Save Changes on the Maintenance menu. The Switch will save any changes to its non-volatile ram and reboot. You can logon again and are now ready to continue configuring the Switch. Saving Changes The DGS-3308 has two levels of memory; normal RAM and non-volatile or NV-RAM.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-5. Factory Reset to Default Value screen Select Yes if you want the Switch to retain its current IP address. Select No to reset the Switch’s IP address to the factory default, 10.90.90.90. Click the Reset to Factory Default button to restart the Switch. Using Web-Based Management Setting Up Web Management Before running Web-based management, some basic configuration of the Switch may need to be performed.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide 1. Starting at the main window of the User Interface, click Configuration and then press Switch IP Setup. 2. Enter the IP address, the subnet mask, and the management VD in the fields offered. 3. Click Apply to make the change effective. Use Save Changes on the Maintenance menu to enter the IP address into NV-RAM.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-6. Save Changes screen Starting and Stopping the Web-based Manager Do the following to use the Web-based manager: 1. Start a Java-enabled Web browser from any machine with network access to the Switch. (Preferred browsers include Netscape Navigator 4.0 or above, or Internet Explorer 4.0 or above.) 2. Enter the IP address for the Switch you want to manage in the URL field of the browser. 3.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Areas of the User Interface The figure below shows the user interface. The user interface is divided into 3 distinct areas. Area 2 Area 1 Area 3 Figure 7-8. Main Web Manager screen Area 1 2 3 Function Presents a graphical near real-time image of the front panel of the Switch. This area displays the Switch’s ports and expansion modules, showing port activity, duplex mode, or flow control, depending on the specified mode.
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8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Switch IP Setup Use the IP Setup window to set the boot-up option, or to manually configure the IP address for the agent module. The window shown below is described below in the following table. Figure 7-9. IP Setup screen Items on the screen above include: • Get IP From – Specifies the method used to assign the Switch an IP address. The options are Manual, DHCP, and BOOTP, the latter two available in Layer 2 mode only.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-10. Switch Information – Basic Settings screen Items on the screen above include: • Device Type – Type of Switch. • MAC Address – The factory assigns each Switch a unique MAC address. • Boot PROM Version – Device startup code. • Firmware Version – System firmware version in ROM. • Hardware Version – Hardware version of the main board. • Device S/N – The factory assigns each Switch a unique serial number.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-11. Power Supply & Cooling Fan Status screen Configure Ports You can select a port to be configured by clicking on the port at the top of the Web-based manager’s user interface. This port then becomes the currently selected port and all entries in the following figure will apply to this port. To configure more than one port at a time, use the Configure Port from 1 to drop-down list at the bottom of the panel and then click Apply. Figure 7-12.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide • Flow Control – Allows flow control to be Enabled or Disabled for the selected port. • Configure Port from 1 to – Select the port range to be configured. Switch Settings The Switch can operate in one of two modes: • Layer 2 Only with IEEE 802.1Q VLAN support – The switching process is based upon the source and destination MAC addresses only. 802.1Q VLANs are supported and the Switch is considered as a VLAN-tag aware device. • IP Routing with IEEE 802.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Layer 2 Switch Settings Note: Layer 2 Switch functions and settings are also available when the Switch is configured to operate in the IP Routing (Layer 3) mode. Figure 7-14. Layer 2 Switch Settings screen Items on the screen above include: • Broadcast/Multicast Storm Mode – Allows the Broadcast/Multicast Storm control to be Enabled or Disabled. This enables or disables, globally, the Switch’s reaction to Multicast storms, triggered at the threshold set below.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide • Rx Mode – Displays whether received RIP packets will be interpreted as RIP version Rip V1, Rip V2, V1 and V2, or Disable. This entry specifies which version of the RIP protocol will be used to receive RIP packets. The Disable entry prevents the reception of RIP packets. • Auth. – Displays whether RIP is configured to use a password. • Edit – A link to the Setup RIP – Edit screen. Setup RIP – Edit The following menu is used to edit the Switch’s RIP setup.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Note: A VLAN that does not have a corresponding IP interface defined for it, will function as a Layer 2 Only VLAN – regardless of the Switch Operation mode. Figure 7-17. Setup IP Interface screen Items on the screen above include: • Interface Name – Displays the name of the IP interface corresponding to the IP address and subnet mask. • IP Address – The IP address of the IP interface (sometimes referred to as a network address).
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide • Interface Name – A name given to identify this IP interface. • IP Address – The IP address of this IP interface (sometimes referred to as a network address). • Subnet Mask – The subnet mask for this IP interface. • VID – The VLAN ID of the VLAN corresponding to this IP interface. • Active – Allows this IP interface to be Active or Inactive on the Switch.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-20. 802.1Q Static VLANs Entry Settings – Edit screen Items on the screen above include: • VLAN (VID) – The VLAN ID of the VLAN that is being created. • VLAN Name – The name of the VLAN that is being created. • Port – Corresponds to the ports that will be members of the VLAN. • Tag – Specifies the port as either 802.1Q tagging or 802.1Q untagging. Checking the box will designate the port as Tagging.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Port VLAN ID (PVID) The Port VLAN ID is used by the port to tag outgoing, untagged packets, and to make filtering decisions about incoming packets. If the port is specified as tagging, and an untagged packet if forwarded to the port for transmission, the port will add an 802.1Q tag using the PVID to write the VID in the tag. When the packet arrives at its destination, the receiving device will use the PVID to make VLAN forwarding decisions.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Port GVRP Settings The following read-only window is used to configure the Port Group VLAN Registration Protocol (GVRP) on the Switch. Figure 7-24. Port GVRP Settings screen Items on the screen above include: • Port – The number of the port for which GVRP is to be Enabled or Disabled. • GVRP – For each corresponding port, GVRP can be Enabled or Disabled.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-26. Setup IEEE 802.1Q Multicast Forwarding screen Items on the screen above include: • MAC Address – The MAC address of the static source of multicast packets. • VID – The VLAN ID of the VLAN the above MAC address belongs to. • PortMap/State – Allows the selection of ports that will be members of the static multicast group and ports that are either forbidden from joining dynamically, or that can join the multicast group dynamically, using GMRP.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide • Switch IGMP Snooping – This enables or disables IGMP snooping on the Switch. • Querier State – Select the version number of the IGMP to be used for the IP interface from the drop-down list. • Query Interval – The time (in seconds) between the transmission of IGMP query packets. • Max Response – The maximum number of respondents to an IGMP query. Range is between 1 and 25.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-29. IGMP Interface Configuration screen Items on the screen above include: • Interface Name – The name of the IP interface (previously defined) on the switch for which a multicast interface is to be configured. • IP Address – The IP address corresponding to the IP interface name. • Querier State – Select the version number of the IGMP to be used for the IP interface from the drop-down list.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide • Interface – The name of the IP interface that the IGMP static member belongs to. • IGMP Static Group – The IP address of the IGMP static group. • Port Members – The ports that comprise the IGMP static group. • State – This indicates whether the IGMP static group is enabled or not. • New – Click this hyperlink to access the IGMP Static Member Configuration – Add screen • Delete – Click this hyperlink to delete a table entry.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-32. DVMRP Interface Configuration screen Items on the screen above include: • Interface Name – The name of the IP interface (previously defined) on the Switch for which a multicast interface is to be configured. • IP Address – The IP address (sometimes referred to as a network address) corresponding to the interface name above. • Probe Interval – This field allows an entry between 0 and 65,535 seconds and defines the interval between ‘probes’.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-33. PIMDM Interface Configuration screen Items on the screen above include: • Interface Name – The name of the IP interface (previously defined) on the switch for which a multicast interface is to be configured. • IP Address – The IP address (sometimes referred to as a network address) corresponding to the interface name above.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide • VID – The VLAN ID of the VLAN the static router port resides on. • Port Members – The ports that are set up as static router ports. • New – A link to the Static Router Port Settings – Add window. • Delete – Click on the icon to delete the entry from the static router port table. Add a Static Router Port The following figure and table describe how to add a static router port on the Switch.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide MAC Address Priority Figure 7-36. Setup MAC Address Priority screen Items on the screen above include: Add an Entry • VID – The VLAN ID of the VLAN on which the MAC address above resides. • MAC Address – The MAC address for which priority on the Switch is to be established. • Priority Level – The priority of the above MAC address. The options are; Low, Med-L – medium low, Med-H – medium high, and High.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The Target Port Selection window can be used to designate a single RJ-45 port pair for mirroring as shown below: Target Port Selection The following window is used to select a target port. A target port in a port mirroring pair is the port that will receive packets that are duplicated at the mirror port. Figure 7-37.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide • Direction – Allows the specification of which packets will be mirrored based upon whether the packets are flowing into or out of a port, or all packets (both directions). The options are: Ingress – packets flowing into the mirror port, Egress – packets flowing out of the mirror port, and Either – both in to and out of the mirror port.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-40. STP Group Configuration – Add screen Items on the screen above include: • Group Name – The group name of the Spanning Tree group to be added. • Status – Allows STP to be Enabled or Disabled. • Max Age: [6..40 sec] – The maximum time (in seconds) a device can wait without receiving a configuration message before attempting to reconfigure. All device ports (except for designated ports) should receive configuration messages at regular intervals.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide • Priority:[0..65535] – Device priority used in selecting the root device, root port, and designated port. The device with the highest priority becomes the STP root device. The lower the numeric value, the higher the priority. If all devices have the same priority, the device with the lowest MAC address will become the root device. • Port Member – Check the ports you want to be member of the STP group.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-41. STP Group Configuration - Edit screen Items on the screen above include: • Group Name – The group name of the Spanning Tree group being edited. • Status – Allows STP to be Enabled or Disabled. • Max Age: [6..40 sec] – The maximum time (in seconds) a device can wait without receiving a configuration message before attempting to reconfigure. All device ports (except for designated ports) should receive configuration messages at regular intervals.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-42. STP Port Settings screen Items on the screen above include: • Cost – A port cost can be set between 1 and 65535. The lower the cost, the greater the probability the port will be chosen as the designated port (chosen to forward packets). • Priority – A port priority can be set between 0 and 255. The lower the priority, the greater the probability the port will be chosen as the root port. • Status – Displays the status for the corresponding port.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide • Enable the trunk prior to connecting any cable between the switches to avoid creating a data loop. • Disconnect all trunk port cables or disable the trunk ports before removing a port trunk to avoid creating a data loop. Use the Port Trunking Configuration screen to set up port trunks as shown below. Figure 7-43. Port Trunking screen Items on the screen above include: • Group ID – The Switch allows up to 4 port trunks groups to be configured.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide MAC Forwarding Figure 7-44. MAC Address Forwarding screen Items on the screen above include: Add an Entry • MAC Address – The MAC address to which packets will be statically forwarded. • VID – The VLAN ID number of the VLAN to which the above MAC address belongs. • PortMap – Allows the designation of the port on which the above MAC address resides. Entries • MAC Address – Displays the MAC address corresponding to the static forwarding table entry.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide • IP Address – Displays the IP addresses statically entered into the IP forwarding table. • Subnet Mask – Displays the corresponding subnet mask for the IP address above. • Gateway IP – Displays the corresponding IP address of the next hop gateway for the IP address above. • Metric – Displays the Routing Information Protocol (RIP) metric. This is the number of hops between the IP address and the Gateway. This is a number between 1 and 15.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-47. Static ARP screen Items on the screen above include: • Interface Name – Displays the IP interface on which the IP address previously entered into the static ARP table resides. • Interface IP – Displays the corresponding network address or IP address of the IP interface name above. • IP Address – Displays the IP address of the end node or station. • MAC Address – Displays the MAC address corresponding to the IP address above.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide MAC Filtering Figure 7-49. Setup MAC Address Filter screen Items on the screen above include: Add an Entry • VID – The VLAN ID number of the VLAN on which the MAC address above resides. • MAC Address – The MAC address that is to be filtered on the Switch. • Src/Dst – Allows the selection of the state of the MAC address under which packets will be dropped by the Switch. The options are; Dst – destination, Src – source, and Either.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-50. Filter Address Setup screen Filter Address Table Items on the screen above include: • IP Address – The IP address that is to be filtered on the Switch. • Src/Dst – Select how you want packets to be dropped by the Switch. The options are: Dst – destination address, Scr – source address, and Either – either a destination or a source address.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-51. BOOTP/DHCP Relay screen Items on the screen above include: • BOOTP/DHCP Relay Status – Allows the BootP/DHCP relay function to be Enabled or Disabled. • BOOTP HOPS Count Limit – Allows the maximum number of hops (routers) that the BootP messages can be relayed through to be set. If a packet’s hop count is more than the hop count limit, the packet is dropped. The range is between 1 and 16 hops. The default value is 4.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide • Interface Name – The subnet name, or IP interface name, of the network that the BOOTP server is located on. • BOOTP/DHCP Server – The IP address of the BOOTP/DHCP relay server. Multiple servers may be entered for a given subnet name (IP interface name). • Remove – Click on the icon to remove the entry from the table.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide The following window is used to set up the static DNS Relay function on the Switch. Figure 7-54. Static DNS Relay Setup screen Items on the screen above include: • Domain Name – The host name of the IP address, for example, “accounting.dlink”. • IP Address – The IP address of the domain name. • State – Toggle to enable or disable this DNS Static Table entry.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-55. Management Station IP Settings screen The item on the screen above is: • IP Address – The IP address of the management station that you want to give access to the switch’s management agent. Entering an IP address in this menu will block access by an IP address not listed in this table. SNMP Community Settings Use the Community Strings screen to display and modify parameters for the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP).
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide • Rights – Specifies the level of access for an authorized user. The levels can be Read, for read only, or R/W, for read-write. • Status – Specifies whether the current string is Valid or Invalid. This is used to temporarily limit access to the Switch’s SNMP agent. Setup Trap Receivers The following figure and table describe how to specify management stations that will receive authentication failure messages or other trap messages from the Switch.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Items on the screen above include: • User Name – The name given to identify the user account. • Access Level – Indicates the access level: Root, User+, or User. • New – A link to the Setup User Account - Add window. • Pointer Icon – A link to the Setup User Account - Edit window. • Delete – Click this icon to remove a user from this table. Setup User Account – Add Figure 7-59.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Enter the old password, the new password, and then confirm the new password. Determine whether the new user should have Root, User+, or User privileges. Click on Apply to make the user addition effective. A listing of all user accounts and access levels is shown on the Setup User Accounts table. This list is updated when Apply is executed. Please remember that Apply makes changes to the switch configuration for the current session only.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide • Time Out – Specifies length of time a Telnet session can be idle. When this time has expired, the Switch will disconnect the user. The default value is 10 minutes. • Sessions – The number of Telnet sessions ranges from 1 to 4. Network Monitoring The Networking Monitoring menu has been divided into three main sections: Statistics, Address Table, and Applications.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-63. Port Error Packet screen Items on the screen above include: • Update Interval – The interval (in seconds) that the table is updated. The default is Suspend. Rx Received packets • CRC Error – For 10 Mbps ports, the counter records CRC errors (FCS or alignment errors). For 100 Mbps ports, the counter records the sum of CRC errors and code errors (frames received with rxerror signal).
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide • Drop Pkts – The total number of events in which packets were dropped due to a lack of resources. • Tx – Transmitted packets. • ExDefer – The number of frames for which the first transmission attempt on a particular interface was delayed because the medium was busy. • CRC Error – For 10 Mbps ports, the counter records CRC errors (FCS or alignment errors).
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide • Frame Size/Type – The size in octets (bytes) of frames transferred through the switch. • Frames – The total number of frames transferred through the switch of the corresponding size indicated. • Frames/sec – The number of frames per second transferred through the switch of the corresponding size indicated. • Packet Type Rx – This displays both the bytes and frames received. • Packet Type Tx – This displays both the bytes and frames transmitted.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Address Table The following section describes how to browse the Switch’s address tables. Browse MAC Address Table The Web Manager allows the Switch’s MAC address table (sometimes referred to as a forwarding table) to be viewed.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-66. Browse MAC Address Table screen Items on the screen above include: • MAC Address Aging Time (10...1000000 sec) – Specifies the length of time a learned MAC Address will remain in the forwarding table without being accessed (that is, how long a learned MAC Address is allowed to remain idle). The Aging Time can be set to any value between 10 and 1,000,000 seconds. • VID – The VLAN ID of the VLAN the port is a member of.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-67. IP Address Table screen To display a particular IP address, enter the IP address in the Jump to IP Address field and click GO. Routing Table The Web Manager allows you to view the contents of the routing table.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-68. Routing Table screen To display a particular Destination IP address, enter the IP address, netmask, and default gateway in the three fields above and then click Go. Clicking Clear Table will empty the table. ARP Table The Web Manager allows you to view the ARP table.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-69. ARP Table screen To browse the ARP table, enter the IP interface name in the first field, the IP address in the second field, and then click Go. Clicking Clear Table will empty the table. Applications The following figures and tables describe the applications available when using the Web-based manager. GVRP The following read-only table displays current GVRP information.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-70. GVRP Status screen Browse Router Port A static router port is simply a port that has a router attached to it. Generally, this router would have a connection to a WAN or to the Internet. Establishing a router port allows multicast packets coming from the router to be propagated throughout the network, as well as allowing multicast messages coming from the network to be propagated to the attached router.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide • Port Members – Ports that are router ports, both statically and dynamically assigned. IGMP Snooping The Switch’s IGMP snooping table can be browsed using the Web Manager. The table is displayed by VLAN IP (VID). Figure 7-72. IGMP Snooping Table screen Items on the screen above include: • VID – VLAN ID of the VLAN for which the IGMP Snooping table is to be displayed. • Go – Click on this button to display the IGMP Snooping Table for the current VID.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide IGMP Group Table The Web Manager allows you to display an IGMP Group Table. Figure 7-74. IGMP Group Table screen To display an IGMP group table, enter name of the routing interface and the IP address of the multicast group in the first two fields and then click Go. DVMRP Routing Table The Web Manager allows you to display a DVMRP routing table. Figure 7-75.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-76. Switch History screen Items on the screen above include: • Sequence # – A counter incremented whenever an entry to the switch’s history log is made. The table displays the last entry (highest sequence number) first. • Time – Displays the time in days, hours, and minutes since the switch was last restarted the history log entry was made. • Log Text – Displays text describing the event that triggered the history log entry.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Upgrade Firmware from TFTP Server Note: The TFTP server must be on the same IP subnet as the Switch. The following figure and table describe how to update the Switch’s firmware from a server. Figure 7-77. Upgrade Firmware from TFTP Server screen Items on the screen above include: • Server IP Address – The IP address of the TFTP server. • Path and File Name – The full file name, including path, of the new firmware file on the TFTP server.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-79. Upload Configuration File to TFTP Server screen Items on the screen above include: • Server IP Address – The IP address of the TFTP server. • Path and File Name – The full file name, including path, of the settings file on the TFTP server. Save Log to TFTP Server The switch’s management agent can upload its history log file to a TFTP server. Figure 7-80.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Figure 7-81. Save Changes screen Once the Switch configuration settings have been saved to NV-RAM, they become the default settings for the Switch. These settings will be used every time the Switch is rebooted. Factory Reset The following menu is used to restart the Switch using only the configuration that was supplied by the factory.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Restart System The following menu is used to restart (reboot) the Switch. Click Yes to save the current Switch configuration to non-volatile RAM (flash RAM), or No if you want to restart the Switch using the last-saved (previous) configuration. Click the Restart button to restart the Switch. Figure 7-83.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide A T ECHNICAL S PECIFICATIONS General Standards: IEEE 802.3 10BASE-T Ethernet (DGS-3308TG) IEEE 802.3u 100BASE-TX Fast Ethernet (DGS-3308TG) IEEE 802.3z 1000BASE-SX Gigabit Ethernet (DGS-3308FG) IEEE 802.3ab 1000BASE-T Gigabit Ethernet (DGS-3308TG) IEEE 802.1 P/Q VLAN IEEE 802.3x Full-duplex Flow Control ANSI/IEEE 802.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide General 1000BASE-LX: Fiber Optic: 50µm and 62.5µm multi-mode fiber or 10µm singlemode fiber IEC 793-2:1992 Type A1a - 50/125um multimode Type A1b - 62.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Performance Forwarding Table Age Time: Max age: 10–1000000 seconds. Default = 300.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide B RJ-45 P IN S PECIFICATION When connecting the Switch to another switch, a bridge or a hub, a normal cable is necessary. Please review the following for matching cable pin assignment. Figure B-1. The standard RJ-45 receptacle/connector RJ-45 Connector pin assignment Contact Media Direct Interface Signal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Tx + (transmit) Tx - (transmit) Rx + (receive) Not used Not used Rx - (receive) Not used Not used Table B-1.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide C R UNTIME S WITCHING S OFTWARE D EFAULT S ETTINGS Load Mode Switch Operation Mode Configuration update Firmware update Configuration file name Firmware file name Out-of-band baud rate RS232 mode IP address Subnet mask Default Gateway BootP service TFTP server IP address IGMP Snooping Console time out User name Password Device STP Port STP Port enable Bridge max age Bridge hello time Bridge forward delay Bridge priority Port STP cost Port STP priority Forwarding
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide D U NDERSTANDING AND T ROUBLESHOOTING THE S PANNING T REE P ROTOCOL When the spanning-tree algorithm determines a port should be transitioned to the forwarding state, the following occurs: • The port is put into the listening state where it receives BPDUs and passes them to the Switch’s CPU. BPDU packets from the CPU are processed.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Listening State The listening state is the first transition for a port from the blocking state. Listening is an opportunity for the switch to receive BPDUs that may tell the switch that the port should not continue to transition to the forwarding state, but should return to the blocking state (that is, a different port is a better choice). There is no address learning or packet forwarding from a port in the listening state.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Learning State A port in the learning state prepares to participate in frame forwarding. The port enters the learning state from the listening state. A port in the learning state does the following: • Discards frames received from the network segment to which it is attached. • Discards packets sent from another port on the switch for forwarding. • Adds addresses to its forwarding database. • Receives BPDUs and directs them to the CPU.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide A port in the forwarding state does the following: • Forwards packets received from the network segment to which it is attached. • Forwards packets sent from another port on the switch for forwarding. • Incorporates station location information into its address database. • Receives BPDUs and directs them to the system CPU. • Receives and responds to network management messages.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide • Does not add addresses to its forwarding database. • Receives BPDUs, but does not direct them to the system CPU. • Does not receive BPDUs for transmission from the system CPU. • Receives and responds to network management messages. Troubleshooting STP Spanning Tree Protocol Failure A failure in the STA generally leads to a bridging loop.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide In this example, B has been elected as the designated bridge and port 2 on C is in the blocking state. The election of B as the designated bridge is determined by the exchange of BPDUs between B and C. B had a better BPDU than C. B continues sending BPDUs advertising its superiority over the other bridges on this LAN.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide In the above example, port 1 on B is configured as a full-duplex port and port 1 on A is either configured as a half-duplex port, or left in auto-negotiation mode. Because port 1 on B is configured as a full-duplex port, it does not do the carrier sense when accessing the link. B will then start sending packets even if A is using the link. A will then detect collisions and begin to run the flow control algorithm.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide converge. If the CPU is over-utilized, it is possible that BPDUs may not be sent in a timely fashion. STP is generally not very CPU intensive and is given priority over other processes, so this type of error is rare. It can be seen that very low values for the MAX AGE and the FORWARD DELAY can result in an unstable spanning tree. The loss of BPDUs can lead to data loops. The diameter of the network can also cause problems.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide This is a common network design. The switches C and D have redundant links to the backbone switches A and B using trunks. Trunks, by default, carry all the VLAN traffic from VLAN 1 and VLAN 2. So switch C is not only receiving traffic for VLAN 1, but it is also receiving unnecessary broadcast and multicast traffic for VLAN 2. It is also blocking one port for VLAN 2. Thus, there are three redundant paths between switches A and B and two blocked ports per VLAN.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide In this example, the VLAN definitions are extended to switches A and B. This gives only a single blocked port per VLAN and allows the removal of all redundant links by removing switch A or B from the network. Impact of Layer 3 Switching. The IP routing operational mode of the DGS-3308FG/DGS-3308TG Layer 3 switch can accomplish the following: • Building a forwarding table, and exchanging information with its peers using routing protocols.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide Using layer 3 switches and IP routing eliminates the need for STP port blocking because the packets are routed by destination addresses. The link redundancy remains, and relying on the routing protocols gives a faster convergence than with STP. The drawback is that the introduction of layer 3 switching usually requires a new addressing scheme.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide E B RIEF R EVIEW OF B ITWISE L OGICAL O PERATIONS AND The logical AND operation compares 2 bits and if they are both “ 1”, then the result is “1”, otherwise, the result is “0”. 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 OR The logical OR operation compares 2 bits and if either or both bits are “1”, then the result is “1”, otherwise, the result is “0”.
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide INDEX Forward Delay...........................................................33, 180, 182 Forwarding ........................................................................18, 184 Fragments ..............................................................................199 Front Panel................................................................................10 A AC inputs ................................................................................
8-port Gigabit Ethernet Switch User’s Guide NV-RAM............................................................................62, 149 Static ARP ...............................................................................186 Statis tics ..................................................................................198 Storage Temperature..............................................................216 Store and forward switching.....................................................
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