Cyclades-PR2000 Quick Installation Manual Access Router Cyclades Corporation
Cyclades-PR2000 Quick Installation Manual Version 1.2 – May 2002 Copyright (C) Cyclades Corporation, 2001-2002 We believe the information in this manual is accurate and reliable. However, we assume no responsibility, financial or otherwise, for any consequences of the use of this Installation Manual.
Cyclades-PR2000 Table of Contents CHAPTER 1 HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL ........................................................................................................ 5 Installation Assumptions .................................................................................................................................... 6 Text Conventions ................................................................................................................................................ 7 Icons .......
Cyclades-PR2000 APPENDIX B HARDWARE SPECIFICATIONS ................................................................................................. 45 General Specifications ..................................................................................................................................... 45 External Interfaces ........................................................................................................................................... 46 The WAN Interfaces ................
Cyclades-PR2000 CHAPTER 1 HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL Three Cyclades manuals are related to the PR2000. 1 The Quick Installation Manual -- provided with the router, 2 The Installation Manual -- available electronically on the Cyclades web site, 3 The CyROS Reference Guide -- also available electronically on the Cyclades web site. CyROS stands for the Cyclades Routing Operating System. It is the operating system for all Cyclades Power Routers (PR1000, PR2000, PR3000, and PR4000).
Cyclades-PR2000 Chapters 5 to 9- Basic router configuration information for applications that do not fit any of the examples in chapter 4. Chapter 10 - CyROS - shows how to set router specific parameters and create lists of hosts and users. Chapter 11 - Network Address Translation - describes CyROS’ NAT implementation. Chapter 12- Filters and Rules - demonstrates how to protect your router from undesired traffic. Chapter 13 - IPX - presents the hidden menus available only in routers with IPX activated.
Cyclades-PR2000 Text Conventions Common text conventions are used. A summary is presented below: Convention Description CONFIG=>INTERFACE=>L A combination of menu items, with the last being either a menu item, a parameter, or a command. In this example, L lists the interface configuration. A variable menu item that depends on hardware options or a choice of hardware or software options. A parameter or menu item referenced in text, without path prepended.
Cyclades-PR2000 Cyclades Technical Support and Contact Information All Cyclades products include limited free technical support, software upgrades and manual updates. These updates and the latest product information are available at: http://www.cyclades.com ftp://ftp.cyclades.com/pub/cyclades Before contacting us for technical support on a configuration problem, please collect the information listed below. • • • • • • • • The Cyclades product name and model.
Cyclades-PR2000 The mailing address and general phone numbers for Cyclades Corporation are: Cyclades Corporation Phone: + 01 (510) 770-9727 Fax: + 01 (510) 770-0355 41829 Albrae Street Fremont, CA 94538 USA Chapter 1 - How to Use This Manual 9
Cyclades-PR2000 CHAPTER 2 WHAT IS IN THE BOX The Cyclades-PR2000 is accompanied by the following accessories: Back Panel of PR2000 On Off Pow er P lug et ern Eth WAN 1 . nch Asy le nso Co WAN 2 Cyclades - PR2000 DB-25 Male Power Cable StraightThrough Cable (optional) StraightThrough Cable (optional) DB-25 Male To Wall Outlet To COM Port of Computer V.35 Adaptor (optional) RS-232 Modem with DB-25 Interface Cyclades-PR2000 Quick Installation Manual Console Cable Labeled “Conf” V.
Cyclades-PR2000 • • • • Quick Installation Manual Installation Manual & Reference Guide (on CD) Power Supply & Cable Console Cable (part number CAB0017) Figure 2.1 shows which cables are used for each type of modem and how everything should be connected. The part number for the Straight-Through Cable is ACS007 and the part number for the Straight-Through Cable with V.35 adapter (sold as a pair) is ACS0009. The pinout diagrams of these cables are provided in Appendix B of the Installation Manual.
Cyclades-PR2000 Chapter 3 Using CyROS Menus This chapter explains CyROS menu navigation and special keys. There are four ways to interact with CyROS: • Traditional menu interface using a console or Telnet session, • CyROS Management Utility based on interactive HTML pages, • SNMP (explained in the CyROS Reference Manual). Connection Using the Console Cable and a Computer or Terminal The first step is to connect a computer or terminal to the router using the console cable.
Cyclades-PR2000 Once the console connection is correctly established, a Cyclades banner and login prompt should appear on the terminal screen. If nothing appears, see the first section of the troubleshooting appendix for help. The second step is to log in. The preset super-user user ID is “super” and the corresponding preset password is “surt”. The password should be changed as soon as possible, as described in chapter 10 of the installation manual and at the end of every example in chapter 4.
Cyclades-PR2000 Special Keys or or or L These keys are used to end the input of a value. These keys are used to cancel a selection or return to the previous menu. In some isolated cases, this key jumps to the next menu in a series of menus at the same level. These keys have the expected effect of erasing previously typed characters. When available, this option displays the current configuration.
Cyclades-PR2000 The CyROS Management Utility After one of the interfaces has been connected and configured, there is another way to interact with CyROS. Type the IP address in the location field in an HTML browser of a PC connected locally or remotely through the configured interface. A super-user ID and password will be requested (these are the same ID and password used with the line-terminal interface). A clickable image of the router back panel will apear, as shown in Figure 3.2.
Cyclades-PR2000 The link Configuration Menu Interface will present an HTML version of the CyROS Main Menu, described previously. Clicking on an interface will show its current status and some additional information. Clicking on End HTTP Session will terminate the connection.
Cyclades-PR2000 CHAPTER 4 STEP-BY-STEP INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMMON APPLICATIONS This chapter provides detailed examples that can be used as models for similar applications. Turn to the example that is closest to your application, read the explanations, and fill in the blank spaces with parameters appropriate to your system. At the end of the section, you should have listed all the parameters needed to configure the router.
Cyclades-PR2000 STEP ONE The first step is to determine the parameters needed to configure the Ethernet interface (ETH0). The parameters in the Network Protocol Menu (IP) are shown in Figure 4.2. Fill in the blanks for your application in the right-most column. These parameters will be entered into the router later, after all parameters have been chosen. Each parameter in this menu is explained in more detail in chapter 5 of the Installation Manual.
Cyclades-PR2000 STEP TWO No more parameters are necessary for the Ethernet interface. The other interface to be configured is the SWAN. The SWAN physical media parameters are shown in Figure 4.3. Fill in the values for your application. The SWAN configuration is described in more detail in chapter 6 of the Installation Manual. Menu CONFIG=>INTERFACE=>SWAN=>PHYSICAL Parameter Example Mode Asynchronous Speed 38.4k Your Application FIGURE 4.
Cyclades-PR2000 Menu CONFIG=>INTERFACE=>SWAN=>NETWORK PROTOCOL=>IP Parameter Example Your Application Active or Inactive Active enables IP communication (IPX and Transparent Bridge are not used in this example). Interface Unnumbered/ Numbered Numbered Primary IP Address 0.0.0.0 (This number will be assigned by the Access Provider dynamically.) Subnet Mask 255.0.0.0 Secondary IP Address 0.0.0.0 for none IP MTU Use the preset value, 1500. This determines whether or not a given IP datagram is fragmented.
Cyclades-PR2000 STEP FOUR The Encapsulation parameters for PPP are less straight-forward. Many of them are based on decisions that cannot be shown in a diagram. Fortunately, the choices made here will mostly effect the performance of the link, rather than whether it works or not. Fill in the parameters appropriate for your system, consulting chapter 8 of the Installation Manual for more information if necessary.
Cyclades-PR2000 STEP FIVE A static route must be added to tell the router that all traffic not intended for the local LAN should be sent to the Access Provider. Chapter 9 of the Installation Manual explains static routes and other routing methods available in CyROS. Fill in the spaces in Figure 4.6 with the values for your application. Menu CONFIG=>STATIC ROUTES=>IP=>ADD ROUTE Parameter Example Destination IP Address Type in the word "DEFAULT".
Cyclades-PR2000 STEP SEVEN NAT parameters will now be determined for routing outside of the local LAN. Network Address Translation maps the local IP addresses, registered in the local address range menu below, to the one global IP address assigned by the access provider. Local IP addresses not indicated in this menu will be discarded. Menu CONFIG =>SECURITY =>NAT =>LOCAL ADDRESS =>ADD RANGE Parameter Example Your Application First IP Address 192.168.0.10 Last IP Address 192.168.0.30 FIGURE 4.
Cyclades-PR2000 Instructions for creating a backup of the configuration file. Use the menu option ADMIN =>WRITE CONFIGURATION =>TO FTP SERVER. Fill in the IP address of the computer where the configuration file should be saved, the file name, the directory name, and the user account information. This configuration file can later be downloaded with the ADMIN =>LOAD CONFIGURATION =>FTP SERVER option. Instructions for listing the configuration.
Cyclades-PR2000 Example 2 A LAN-to-LAN Example Using Frame Relay This section will guide you through a complete router installation for the connection of two LANs via Frame Relay. Figure 4.9 shows the example system used in this section. Spaces have been provided next to the parameters needed for the configuration where you can fill in the parameters for your system. Do this now before continuing. Central Office's LAN Network IP: 100.130.130.0 ________ Mask: 255.255.255.0 ________ ETH0 PR2000 100.130.
Cyclades-PR2000 STEP ONE The first step is to determine the parameters needed to configure the Ethernet interface (ETH0). The parameters in the Network Protocol Menu (IP) are shown in Figure 4.10. Fill in the blanks for your application in the right-most column. These parameters will be entered into the router later, after all parameters have been chosen. Each parameter in this menu is explained in more detail in chapter 5 of the Installation Manual.
Cyclades-PR2000 STEP TWO No more parameters are necessary for the Ethernet interface. The other interface to be configured is the SWAN in slot 1. The SWAN physical media parameters are shown in Figure 4.11. Fill in the values for your application. The SWAN configuration is described in more detail in chapter 6 of the Installation Manual. Menu CONFIG=>INTERFACE=>SWAN=>PHYSICAL Parameter Example Your Application Mode Synchronous.
Cyclades-PR2000 STEP THREE The network protocol parameters, shown in Figure 4.12, are similar to those for the Ethernet interface. Fill in the parameters for your network in the right-most column. Menu CONFIG=>INTERFACE=>SWAN=>NETWORK PROTOCOL=>IP Parameter Example Your Application Active or Inactive Active enables IP communication (IPX and Transparent Bridge are not used in this example). Interface Unnumbered/ Numbered Numbered Primary IP Address 200.240.230.2 Subnet Mask 255.255.255.
Cyclades-PR2000 STEP FOUR The Encapsulation parameters for Frame Relay are less straight-forward. Many of them are based on decisions that cannot be shown in a diagram. Fortunately, the choices made here will mostly effect the performance of the link, rather than whether it works or not. Fill in the parameters appropriate for your system, consulting chapter 8 of the Installation Manual for more information if necessary.
Cyclades-PR2000 Menu CONFIG=>INTERFACE=>SWAN=>ENCAPSULATION=>FRAME RELAY=>=>ADD DLCI Parameter Example Your Application DLCI Number Sixteen. This number is supplied by the Public Frame Relay network provider. Frame Relay Address Map Static, which maps one IP address to this DLCI. IP Address 200.240.230.1 Enable Predictor Yes, if Cyclades routers are used on both Compression ends of the link and Predictor Compression is enabled on both routers.
Cyclades-PR2000 Menu CONFIG=>STATIC ROUTES=>IP=>ADD ROUTE Parameter Example Destination IP Address 15.0.0.0 Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0 Gateway or Interface gateway Gateway IP Address 200.240.230.1 Metric One -- number of routers between router being configured and the destination IP address. Is This a Backup Route? No OSPF Advertises This No Static Route Your Application FIGURE 4.
Cyclades-PR2000 Instructions for creating a backup of the configuration file. Use the menu option ADMIN =>WRITE CONFIGURATION =>TO FTP SERVER. Fill in the IP address of the computer where the configuration file should be saved, the file name, the directory name, and the user account information. This configuration file can later be downloaded with the ADMIN =>LOAD CONFIGURATION =>FTP SERVER option. Instructions for listing the configuration.
Cyclades-PR2000 Example 3 Link Backup This example shows the configuration of a backup link, with a swan connection to a public Frame Relay Network providing the primary link and a SWAN with a PPP connection providing the secondary link. Figure 4.16 shows the networks used in this example. It is assumed that the routers are already connected to LANs and that the SWAN interfaces have already been configured and are working.
Cyclades-PR2000 STEP ONE The bandwidth used by CyROS for multilink circuit calculations is that given in the traffic control menu, rather than the actual physical bandwidth available. If this bandwidth value is not set, the preset value (zero) will be used and the multilink circuit will not function. The bandwidth for both links (SWAN 1 and SWAN 2 in the example) should also have been set when the interface was configured. If not, the multilink circuit will not work.
Cyclades-PR2000 Menu CONFIG=>MULTILINK=>MULTILINK CIRCUIT NUMBER=>ADD/MODIFY INTERFACE Parameter Example Your Application Slot N SWAN 1 Type of Interface Main Time to Activate 5 Backup After This Link Goes Down Time to Deactivate 20 Backup After This Link Returns FIGURE 4.18 ADDITION OF THE PRIMARY (MAIN) LINK Menu CONFIG=>MULTILINK=>MULTILINK CIRCUIT NUMBER=>ADD/MODIFY INTERFACE Parameter Example Your Application Slot N SWAN 2 Type of Interface Backup Time to Activate Zero, since this link IS the backup.
Cyclades-PR2000 STEP THREE Up to this point, the configuration can be used either for link back up or for load back up. This example shows link back up, but parameters applicable to load back up will be mentioned when they appear. Complete information on the multilink circuit concept is provided in chapter 4 of the CyROS Reference Guide. Menu CONFIG=>MULTILINK=>MULTILINK CIRCUIT NUMBER=>CIRCUIT ATTRIBUTES Parameter Example Your Application Criterion for Traffic This parameter has no effect for link backup.
Cyclades-PR2000 STEP FOUR Now, a static backup route must be created for the secondary link. It is assumed that a route of some sort (static, RIP, etc.) already exists for the primary link. The static route parameters for the example secondary link are shown in Figure 4.21. Fill in the parameters for your system. Menu CONFIG=>STATIC ROUTES=>IP=>ADD ROUTE Parameter Example Destination IP Address 200.206.206.0 Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0 Gateway or Interface Gateway Gateway IP Address 100.200.200.
Cyclades-PR2000 STEP SIX The multilink circuit can be tested by temporarily deactivating the interface on the primary link. This is done in the ADMIN=> START/STOP INTERFACE menu by selecting the SWAN interface. If there is traffic, the backup link should then take over, and the menu item INFO =>SHOW ROUTING TABLE will show that the backup link is working. (To create traffic, try pinging a host in the destination network.
Cyclades-PR2000 APPENDIX A TROUBLESHOOTING What to Do if the Login Screen Does Not Appear When Using a Console. 1 Check the configuration of the terminal. The correct values are given in chapter 2. 2 Check to see if the router booted correctly. Before the login screen appears, boot messages should appear on the screen. If the system halts while booting, the last message on the screen should give an indication of what went wrong.
Cyclades-PR2000 What to Do if the Router Does Not Work or Stops Working. 1 Check that the cables are connected correctly and firmly (see chapter 2, What is in the Box, for correct cable connection information). 2 Confirm that the Link LED is lit, indicating proper Ethernet cable termination. If it is not lit, check both ends of the Ethernet cable and the hub connection. 3 Confirm that the CPU LED is blinking consistently one second on, one second off. If this is not the case, see figure A.
Cyclades-PR2000 Testing the Ethernet Interface After configuring the Ethernet interface, return to the main menu using the key as many times as is necessary. Save the configuration to flash memory (the operating system will ask how to save the configuration on the way back to the main menu). The simplest way to test the link is by using the ping application. From the main menu, choose APPLICATIONS =>PING.
Cyclades-PR2000 Testing the WAN Interfaces The WAN interface can be tested using ping as described in the previous section. If the ping is not successful, check the routing table to see if a route to the destination exists (INFO =>SHOW ROUTING TABLE). The menu items INFO =>SHOW STATISTICS =>SWAN and INFO =>SHOW STATUS =>SWAN may also provide useful information. If the router does not seem to be working properly, and none of the above advice has located the problem, the hardware interfaces should be tested.
Cyclades-PR2000 • The S column reveals the stage of the test at the time the table was created — D = data transfer, S = synchronization. • The next 4 columns indicate bytes and packets sent and received. • The last three columns indicate the port with which the interface is communicating. The test should be run until at least one test loop (LP = 1) has completed. More loops can be run if errors appear, to determine if the errors repeat or are just an artifact of the test procedure.
Cyclades-PR2000 LEDs The LEDs on the PR1000’s case display the following information: • Power - Lit when the PR1000 is turned on. • 10BT - Lit when the Ethernet link is being used for a fast Ethernet connection. • Col - Indicates collisions on the LAN. • Link - Lit when the Ethernet link is correctly terminated. • TX - Indicates transmission of data to the LAN. • RX - Indicates data received from the LAN.
Cyclades-PR2000 APPENDIX B HARDWARE SPECIFICATIONS General Specifications The Cyclades-PR2000 power requirements and environmental restrictions are listed in Figure B.1.
Cyclades-PR2000 External Interfaces The WAN Interfaces The WAN interfaces are provided on a DB-25 female connector. The pinout diagram is not shown here, as it depends on which protocol (RS-232, V.25 or X.21) is configured. Please see the pinout diagrams for the cables used for each protocol to determine the signals on the interface. FIGURE B.2 SERIAL WAN INTERFACE - DB-25 FEMALE The LAN Interface ETHERNET PORT Pin Ethernet Signal 1 TPTX+ 2 TPTX3 TPRX+ 4 N.C. 5 N.C. 6 TPRX7 N.C. 8 N.C. 1 8 FIGURE B.
Cyclades-PR2000 The Asynchronous Interface ASYNCHRONOUS PORT Signal Pin 1 RTS 2 DTR 3 TxD 4 Ground 5 CTS 6 RxD 7 DCD 8 DSR 1 8 FIGURE B.4 ASYNCHRONOUS INTERFACE - RJ-45 FEMALE The Console Interface CONSOLE PORT Pin RS-232 Signal 1 RTS 2 DTR 3 TX 4 Ground 5 CTS 6 RX 7 DCD 8 DSR 1 8 FIGURE B.
Cyclades-PR2000 Cables The Straight-Through Cable Straight-Through Cable DB-25 Male Cyclades Router Signal Pin TxD RxD RTS CTS DSR Gnd DCD TxClk_DTE RxClk DTR RI TxClk_DCE 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 15 17 20 22 24 DB-25 Male DCE / DTE Pin Signal 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 15 17 20 22 24 TxD RxD RTS CTS DSR Gnd DCD TxClk_DTE RxClk DTR RI TxClk_DCE FIGURE B.
Cyclades-PR2000 DB-25 - M.34 Adaptor Female Retention Screw Female Retention Screw DB-25 Female Male Retention Screw M.34 Male Signal Pin Pin Signal PGnd RTS CTS DSR Gnd DCD TxD/V.35 (B) TxD/V.35 (A) RxD/V.35 (B) RxD/V.35 (A) TxClk_DTE/V.35 (B) TxClk_DTE/V.35 (A) TxClk_DCE/V.35 (B) DTR TxClk_DCE/V.35 (A) RxClk V.35 (A) RxClk V.
Cyclades-PR2000 The ASY/Modem Cable ASY/MODEM ASY/Modem Cable RJ-45 DB-25 Male PR2000 RJ-45 / 8 pins Modem (DB-25) Signal Pin Pin Signal TxD RxD DTR CTS RTS DCD DSR Gnd 3 6 2 5 1 7 8 4 2 3 20 5 4 8 6 7 TxD RxD DTR CTS RTS DCD DSR Gnd FIGURE B.
Cyclades-PR2000 Cross Cable DB-25 Male DB-25 Male Signal Pin Pin Signal PGnd TxD RxD RTS CTS Gnd DCD DTR DSR RxD V.35 + (B) TxD V.35 + (B) TxD V.35 - (A) RxD V.35 - (A) TxClk_DTE (A) RxClk TxClk_DCE TxClk_DTE V.35 + (B) RxClk V.35 + (B) TxClk DCE V.35 - (B) TxClk_DTE V.35 - (A) RxClk V.35 - (A) TxClk DCE V.35 - (A) 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 20 6 11 13 12 14 15 17 24 16 25 19 18 23 21 1 3 2 4 5 7 8 20 6 13 11 14 12 24 17 15 19 25 16 21 13 18 PGnd RxD TxD RTS CTS Gnd DCD DTR DSR RxD V.35 + (B) TxD V.
Cyclades-PR2000 DB-25 Loopback Connector DB-25 Male 2 3 4 5 8 20 11 13 12 14 15 17 24 16 19 25 18 21 23 FIGURE B.
Cyclades-PR2000 Index B Backup Link configuration 33 Boot Messages 39 C Cables parallel 11 Router MD/V.
Cyclades Australia Phone: +61 7 3279 4320 Fax: +61 7 3279 4393 www.au.cyclades.com Cyclades Corporation 41829 Albrae Street Fremont, CA 94538 - USA Phone: (510) 770-9727 Fax: (510) 770-0355 www.cyclades.com Cyclades Philippines Phone: (632) 813-0353 Fax: (632) 655-2610 www.ph.cyclades.com Cyclades UK Phone: +44 1724 277179 Fax: +44 1724 279981 www.uk.cyclades.com Cyclades South America Phone: 55-11-5033-3333 Fax: 55-11-5033-3388 www.cyclades.com.
