Cyclades-PC400 Installation Manual Cyclades Corporation
Cyclades-PC400 Installation Manual Version 2.1 – December 2001 Copyright (C) Cyclades Corporation, 2001 We believe the information in this manual is accurate and reliable. However, we assume no responsibility, financial or otherwise, for any consequences of the use of this product or Installation Manual.
Table of Contents CHAPTER 1 WHAT IS IN THE BOX .................................................................................................................... 5 CHAPTER 2 HARDWARE INSTALLATION.......................................................................................................... 6 CHAPTER 3 SOFTWARE INSTALLATION .......................................................................................................... 9 CHAPTER 4 BOARD AND SYSTEM CONFIGURATION ........................
The Routing Table ............................................................................................................................................ 36 ssh - The Secure Shell Session ....................................................................................................................... 37 The Process Table ........................................................................................................................................... 38 Loading the Configuration File ....
CHAPTER 1 WHAT IS IN THE BOX Two Cyclades-PC400 models are available: one with DSPs (for analog modem connections) and one without them (for digital connections). One cable per channel is provided for connection of the board to a T1/E1 line. A diskette containing the PC400 driver is also included, and its use is described in chapter 3.
CHAPTER 2 HARDWARE INSTALLATION The body carries static electricity and if the person installing the PC400 is not correctly grounded, the board could suffer irreversible damage. Please follow the instructions outlined below carefully to avoid harming the board. Step One: Unplug the computer and remove all cables connecting the computer to other devices. Step Two: Carry the computer to a workbench or table where an anti-static wrist-strap is available. It is highly recommended that a wrist-strap be used.
Step Three: Be careful to not touch any components inside the computer’s chassis, as they also can be damaged by static electricity. Confirm that the wrist-strap is grounded. If a wrist-strap is not available, touch a non-painted, metallic part of a computer plugged in to a wall outlet to remove any excess charge. Remove the board from its anti-static packaging, being careful to not touch the components or metal parts of the board. .
Step Four: Insert the board carefully into any unused PCI slot so that the external connector is aligned with the opening in the back of the computer. Make sure that the board does not touch any metallic parts of the interior of the computer. The second bracket of models with two ports should be installed similarly. Step Five: Fasten the bracket to the back panel of the computer with a screw. Replace the computer’s cover and replace the screws. Now you can remove the wrist-strap.
CHAPTER 3 SOFTWARE INSTALLATION The PC400 driver diskette contains the files needed to run the Cyclades-PC400 in a Linux environment. This driver should run without problems with all processors supported by Linux. However, Ix86-compatible architectures are the only platforms officially supported by Cyclades. This Installation manual assumes a minimum knowledge of the Linux operating system. Please read the file /usr/src/linux/README before continuing, in order to understand the basics of kernel compilation.
NOTE: at this point you should read the file README included in the directory pc400- to learn about any changes implemented since this manual was produced. sh install (to run the install script) This script will detect the system information (kernel version, current Cyclades-PC400 driver version, etc.) and install the proper driver package files. A default configuration file will be placed in /etc/cyclades/pc400/ pc400.cfg and is used when /usr/local/sbin/pc400util -p is executed.
The left column presents the commands and parameters that should be followed when using make config. The right column provides the corresponding commands and parameters for make menuconfig. cd /usr/src/linux cd /usr/src/linux make config CONFIG_KMOD=Y (Kernel module loader) Activates support for module autoloading make menuconfig Select with ‘∗’ or ‘M’ the option “Digital RAS Support” in the “Character Devices” section, then select with ‘∗’ or ’M’ the option “Cyclades-PC400 support”.
CHAPTER 4 BOARD AND SYSTEM CONFIGURATION This chapter describes the configuration of the Cyclades-PC400. After the general instructions, guided examples are provided to assist in parameter selection. Read the example closest to your application if in doubt as to the best value for a parameter. STEP ONE If the PC400 driver was compiled as a module and it is desired that the driver be autoloaded when a PC400 device is accessed, add the lines below to /etc/conf.modules (or /etc/modules.
• Interface parameters set T1/E1-line specific parameters such as clock mode and signalling type. • Channel parameters define groups of channels (time slots) within a T1/E1 line. • Logical link parameters set link information such as telephone number and connection type. All parameters are presented below with a brief description of each. The basic structure of the file is as follows: general parameters cnx_profile_begin Parameters that define this customized ISDN-PRI profile cnx_profile_end ...
Parameters that define and apply to this logical link interfn_1_end ... interfn_N_begin Parameters that define and apply to this logical link interf1_N_end interf1_end interf2_begin Parameters that configure T1/E1 Interface 2, when present channel_group_begin Parameters that define and apply to this channel (time slot) channel_group_end ...
Label unit_name prompt Description Identifies the board. The parameter should not exceed 20 characters. Specifies the prompt to be used by the virtual console. It should not exceed 40 characters. escape_char Specifies the escape key to be used by the virtual console. It should not exceed one character. If the value begins with 0x it is assumed to be in hexadecimal. The key has the value 0x1b. shortcut_char Specifies the shortcut key to be used by the virtual console.
Parameters that define customized ISDN-PRI profiles. Label Description cnx_profile_begin Up to 5 different ranges for cnx_profile can be configured. phone The first phone number of the range with this profile. It should not exceed 30 characters and "none" specifies the null string. size_range The number of phone numbers in the range with this profile. Values range from 1 to 255. No label is equivalent to the value 0. cnx_type Type of incoming call.
Parameters that define and apply to interfaces. Label Description interf#_begin Marks the beginning of the parameters specific to the #th T1/E1 interface. All parameters following this label apply only to this interface until interf#_end is reached. clock_mode Specifies the clock source. Can be either master or slave. line_code Type of coding used in the line. T1: b8zs or ami, E1: hdb3 or ami. frame_mode How data is framed. T1: esf, d4 or jesf, E1: crc4, ncrc4. line_build_out Attenuation on the line.
Label onhook_timer answer2_timer trunk_number switch_type idle_timeout t200 n200 t203 interf#_end Description Valid only for CAS in Brazil. Valid values are 20-255, in units of a fraction of a second. When the PC400 answers an incoming call it waits for the period defined by answer2_timer, then it hangs up. Next, it waits the period defined by onhook_timer and reconnects. The line remains active if the call was not a collect call.
Parameters that define and apply to channels (time slots). These go inside interface markers. channel_group_begin Marks the beginning of a group of channels. All parameters following this label apply only to this channel group until channel_group_end is reached. channels The number of channels in this channel group is defined. The value can be firstlast or channel_number|channel_number|channel_number etc. channel_group_end Marks the end of a group of channels.
# PC400 Firmware Download if [ -x /usr/local/sbin/pc400load ]; then /usr/local/sbin/pc400load fi # PC400 Configuration Download if [ -x /usr/local/sbin/pc400util ]; then /usr/local/sbin/pc400util -p fi # PC400 Date and Time Set if [ -x /usr/local/sbin/pc400util ]; then /usr/local/sbin/pc400util -t system fi IMPORTANT: the Cyclades-PC400 driver must be loaded before the firmware and the configuration are downloaded to the board.
Cyclades-PC400 driver built PC400 #1, RAM at 0xMMMM, IRQn, 64 channels starting from port 0 PC400 #2, RAM at 0xMMMM, IRQn, 64 channels starting from port 64 etc. STEP FIVE Enable the ports of the Cyclades-PC400 as you would with any standard serial port. Edit /etc/inittab to enable getty and configure the PPP/SLIP scripts. The site www.netlinos.
Example 1 A RAS Dial-in Application With Both Analog and Digital Incoming Calls LAN Server PC PC Server with PC400 Network Terminator T1/E1 Multiple Calls ISDN-BRI Lines Telephone/ISDN Network Modem PC Remote IP Address Assigned on Connection PC Network Terminator Modem PC FIGURE 4.7 EXAMPLE OF A RAS DIAL-IN APPLICATION Sample pc400.cfg files are provided on the driver diskette for the RAS dial-in application, in the directory Config_Sample. If you have a T1 line, use the file 2t1cas.
Parameter Description unit_name prompt Name used to identify the board. Can be changed to identify which board is being accessed. 0x1b is the key. 0x0 turns this feature off. Login name for administrator. Password for administrator Enables syslog messages indicated. escape_char shortcut_char username password syslog interf1_begin interf_type clock_mode line_code line_build_out First interface parameters Indicates line time Normally slave. There are two options each for T1 and E1 lines.
Parameter Description Value for T1 line rx_sensitivity Sensitivity for reception. shaul companding_mode There are two options each for T1 and E1 lines. Ask ulaw the service provider. signaling_type Applies when CAS signaling mode is used. Ask the loops service provider. signaling_tone Applies when CAS signaling mode is used. Ask the mfr1 service provider. country Choose your country (cas only).
Example 2 A LAN-to-LAN Example Using Channels Affiliate’s LAN Headquarters’ LAN Server with PC400 Channels 11-15 ETH0 PR1000 T1/E1 Channels 1-10 PR1000 Affiliate’s LAN FIGURE 4.9 EXAMPLE OF A MULTIPLE LAN-TO-LAN APPLICATION The example shown above would be configured using the channelized profile. Sample pc400.cfg files are provided on the driver diskette for the LAN-to-LAN application, in the directory Config_Sample. If you have a T1 line, use the file 2t1chan3.
Parameter unit_name prompt escape_char shortcut_char username password syslog interf1_begin interf_type clock_mode line_code frame_mode line_build_out signaling_mode Description Value for T1 line Name used to identify the board. PC400 Can be changed to identify which board is being Select option accessed. ==> 0x1b is the key. 0x1b 0x0 turns this feature off. 0x0 Login name for administrator. super Password for administrator supc Enables syslog messages indicated.
Parameter Description rx_sensitivity channel_group_begin channels channel_group_end channel_group_begin channels channel_group_end ••• interf1_end interf2_begin ••• interf2_end dsps_auto_restart Sensitivity for reception. Definition of first channel group. Channels in first group. End of definition of first channel group. Definition of second channel group. Channels in second group. End of definition of second channel group.
Cyclades-PC400 Installation Manual CHAPTER 5 TROUBLESHOOTING General Tips What to Do When the PC400 is Not Recognized by the Operating System • Does the operating system detect the PC400 on boot? A message similar to Cyclades-PC400 driver built PC400 #1, RAM at 0xMMMM, IRQn, 64 channels starting from port 0 PC400 #2, RAM at 0xMMMM, IRQn, 64 channels starting from port 64 etc. should appear on boot.
Cyclades-PC400 Installation Manual Hardware Test A menu-driven hardware test called pc400hwtest is included with the Cyclades-PC400 driver. It is executed by typing pc400hwtest at the command line. Note that the PC400 should not be tested while in use as the test will inactivate all ports. First, RAM integrity is checked: [root@cyclades common]# ./pc400hwtest Please wait while program is examining the hardware BOARD[1] RAM TEST ED000000, PCI ED926000 OK ! Press [enter] to continue.
Cyclades-PC400 Installation Manual After choosing one of the first three options, the “global” screen appears as shown below: Global Test DSP Passes - 1741 Board RAM FALC : 01 02 DSP : U19 U06 U20 U07 --------------------------------------------------1 OK OK OK OK N/T NOK NOK - Previous Menu - Global - Errors Pg0.
Cyclades-PC400 Board Installation Manual Port <---- PACKETS ---> Test : DSP From To From To Sent Received Passes Errors Pg0 --------------------------------------------------------------1 <-> 1 1 <-> 33 1741 1741 1741 0 1 <-> 1 2 <-> 34 1741 1741 1741 0 1 <-> 1 3 <-> 35 1741 1741 1741 0 1 <-> 1 4 <-> 36 1741 1741 1741 0 1 <-> 1 5 <-> 37 1741 1741 1741 0 1 <-> 1 6 <-> 38 1741 1741 1741 0 1 <-> 1 7 <-> 39 1741 1741 1741 0 1 <-> 1 8 <-> 40 1741 1741 1741 0 1 <-> 1 9 <-> 41 1741 1741 1741 0 1 <-> 1 10 <-> 42
Cyclades-PC400 Installation Manual Administrative Utilities A program called pc400util is used for administrative functions. It is executed by typing pc400util at the command line with the following options: pc400util -> [-d device] [-f ] [-t ] The options are described in more detail in the list below: -d device -f file -g -p -s -S -i -a cmd -t time Chapter 5 Troubleshooting defines the configuration device to use.
Cyclades-PC400 Installation Manual APPENDIX A INFORMATION FOR USERS NOT FAMILIAR WITH LINUX Users and Passwords A username and password are necessary to log in to a Linux system. A unique password should be configured as soon as possible to avoid unauthorized access to your network. Type the command: passwd to create a password for the root user.
Installation Manual Cyclades-PC400 /home /bin /dev /etc /lib /proc /mnt /opt /tmp /usr /var Contains the work directories of system users. Contains applications and utilities used during system initialization. Contains files for devices and ports. Contains configuration files specific to the operating system. Contains shared libraries. Contains process information Contains information about mounted disks. Location where packages not supplied with the operating system are stored.
Cyclades-PC400 Installation Manual Other commands allow the user to change directories and see the contents of a directory. pwd Supplies the name of the current directory. While logged in, the user is always "in" a directory. The default initial directory is the user's home directory, /home/ ls [options] directory_name Lists the files and directories within directory_name. Some useful options are -l for more detailed output and -a which shows hidden system files.
Cyclades-PC400 Installation Manual edited, use the following keys: h moves the cursor to the left (left arrow) j moves the cursor to the next line (down arrow) k moves the cursor to the previous line (up arrow) l moves the cursor to the right (right arrow) Having arrived at the location where text should be changed, use these commands to modify the text (note commands “i” and “o” will move you into the editing mode and everything typed will be taken literally until you press the key to return to the
Installation Manual Cyclades-PC400 netstat -rn Type man netstat at the Linux prompt for more informations about netstat options. Routes should be added to the file /proc/net/route or at the prompt (for temporary routes) using the following syntax: route [add|del] [-net|-host] target netmask nt_msk [gw gt_way] interf [add|del] [-net|-host] target netmask nt_msk gw gt_way interf one of these tags must be present -- routes can be either added or deleted.
Cyclades-PC400 Installation Manual The Process Table The process table shows which processes are running and is displayed by tying ps -a. An example is given below. PID TTY STAT TIME COMMAND 1 ? S 0:05 init 322 ? SW 0:00 [portmap] 3361 tty11 SW 0:00 [login] 11915 pts/0 S 0:00 bash 11926 pts/0 R 0:00 ps -ax Use the kill command to delete a process. For example, kill -9 3361 would kill the login process above.
Installation Manual Cyclades-PC400 -i get information from the board Syslog The syslog feature can be turned on, as an option. It runs in background, by default. Its syntax is: pc400syslog [-d device] [-l facility] -d device : defines the syslog device (the default is /dev/ttyCM30) -l : where is a number between 0 and 7, indicates the local_level it sends Syslog messages generated by the PC400 firmware to the Syslogd running on the Linux server.
Cyclades-PC400 Installation Manual • status (active or inactive) - if this item is not active, the script will not be executed. • user - the process will be run with the privileges of this user, who must be a valid local user. • source - pathname of the crontab file. When the /etc/crontab_files file contains the following line: active root /etc/tst_cron.src and the /etc/tst_cron.src file contains the following line: 0-59 * * * * /etc/test_cron.sh crond will execute the script listed in tst_cron.
Cyclades-PC400 Installation Manual Packet Filtering using ipchains The Linux utility ipchains can be used to filter IP packets entering, leaving and passing through interfaces. An ipchains tutorial is beyond the scope of this manual. For more information on ipchains, see the ipchains man page (by typing man ipchains at the Linux command prompt) or the howto: http://netfilter.filewatcher.org/ipchains/ HOWTO.html.
Cyclades-PC400 Installation Manual The output chain controls which packets are sent. A packet can be accepted by the input chain, but then rejected by the output chain. Likewise, the forward chain controls which packets will be routed. The input chain controls incoming packet filtering. The packet is either destined for the router or for another computer. In the latter case, the packet is processed by the forward chain.
Cyclades-PC400 Installation Manual executed at boot to invoke the last configuration saved. Another option is to edit the file /etc/network/firewall (or another file) directly, following the syntax defined in the file itself. If the file is edited in this way, the command fwset cannot be used to save and restore the configuration.
Cyclades-PC400 Installation Manual APPENDIX B HARDWARE SPECIFICATIONS This chapter provides the pinout diagram for the cable supplied with the product, in case it is lost or damaged. Cyclades-PC400 RJ-48C Signal Pin RxTip RxRing N.C. TxTip TxRing N.C. N.C. N.C. Appendix B - Hardware Specifications 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 T1/E1 Terminal Adapter RJ-48C Pin Signal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 RxTip RxRing N.C. TxTip TxRing N.C. N.C. N.C.
Cyclades Australia 20 Arrabri Ave Jindalee - Qld, 4074 Australia Phone: +61 7 3279 4320 Fax: +61 7 3279 4393 www.au.cyclades.com Cyclades Philippines Unit 804, LTA Bldg. 118 Perea St. Legaspi Village Makati City Phillipines 1200 Phone: (632) 813-0353 Fax: (632) 655-2610 www.ph.cyclades.com Cyclades Corporation 41829 Albrae Street Fremont, CA 94538 - USA Phone: (510) 770-9727 Fax: (510) 770-0355 www.cyclades.
