Comtech EF Data is an AS9100 Rev B / ISO9001:2000 Registered Company Vipersat SLM-5650A Satellite Network Modem Router User Guide MN-0000035 Revision 5
Vipersat SLM-5650A Satellite Network Modem Router User Guide Part number MN-0000035 Document Revision 5 Firmware Version 1.9.
COMTECH EF DATA VIPERSAT Network Products Group 3215 Skyway Court Fremont, CA 94539 USA Phone: (510) 252-1462 Fax: (510) 252-1695 www.comtechefdata.com Part Number MN-0000035 Manual Revision 5 Firmware Version 1.9.1 ©2011 by Comtech EF Data, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be copied or reproduced without prior written permission of Comtech EF Data, Inc. IMPORTANT NOTE: The information contained in this document supersedes all previously published information regarding this product.
Document Revision History Revision Date Description 0 1/16/08 Preliminary Release 2.0.x 1 6/30/08 Update content to reflect NP v1.3.2 2 8/29/08 Update content to reflect NP v1.4.1 3 10/24/08 Update content to reflect NP v1.5.1 4 4/20/09 Update content to reflect NP v1.6.1 5 4/08/11 Update content to reflect NP v1.9.1 New Features: Satellite Roaming (SOTM); IGMP Multicast Routing; BPM Routing Mode; Multi-TDM Tunneling; STDMA Power Hunt.
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Table of Contents Chapter 1 General Chapter 2 Quick Start Configuration How to Use This Manual . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 Manual Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 Chapter 1 — General . . . . . . . . . 1-1 Chapter 2 — Quick Start Configuration 1-1 Chapter 3 — Using the Web Server Interface (WSI) . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2 Appendix A — Network Addressing . . 1-2 Appendix B — Automatic Switching . . 1-2 Appendix C — Dynamic Power Control1-2 Appendix D — Glossary . . . . . . . .
STDMA Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13 Allocation Method . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14 1 – Fixed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15 2 – Dynamic Slot . . . . . . . . . . 3-15 3 – Dynamic Cycle . . . . . . . . . 3-15 4 – GIR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15 5 – Entry Channel . . . . . . . . . . 3-16 Acquisition Mode . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17 Group ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17 Cycles Per Burst Map . . . . . . . . . 3-18 Preamble Time . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-19 Guard Band . . . . . . . . . . . .
ToS Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . Detection of ToS Stamped Packets . Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . Example Implementations . . . . . . . . ToS Switching Per Device . . . . . . ToS Switching Per Traffic Type . . . ToS Remarking . . . . . . . . . . . ToS to DSCP Value Conversions . . Mesh Setup Based on ToS Detection Entry Channel Mode (ECM) Switching . . . Fail-Safe Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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List of Figures Chapter 1 Figures Figure 1-1 SLM-5650A Modem Router Unit . . . 1-4 Chapter 2 Figures Figure 2-1 NP Splash Screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3 Figure 2-2 FAST Features Page . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4 Figure 2-3 Front Panel, SLM-5650A Modem . . 2-5 Figure 2-4 Vipersat Working Mode Page . . . . . 2-6 Figure 2-5 LAN Interface Page. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7 Figure 2-6 Routes Table Page (Hub) . . . . . . . 2-10 Figure 2-7 Transmit Configuration Frame (Hub) .
Appendix B Figures Appendix C Figures Figure B-1 Hub Load Switching Page . . . . . . .B-7 Figure B-2 Remote Load Switching Page . . . .B-9 Figure B-3 Load Switching diagram . . . . . . . .B-11 Figure B-4 ToS Field Location within the IP Header B-13 Figure B-5 Remote ToS Switching menu . . . .B-15 Figure B-6 Per Device ToS Switching Example . . B-16 Figure B-7 Per Type ToS Switching Example B-16 Figure B-8 ToS Remarking Application . . . . .
List of Tables Chapter 2 Tables Table 2-1 SLM-5650A Network Roles and Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3 Table 2-2 Vipersat Feature Configuration . . . . 2-6 Appendix B Tables Table B-1 STDMA ACK Message . . . . . . . . . .B-5 Table B-2 ToS Switching Settings . . . . . . . . .B-15 Appendix C Tables Table C-1 DPC Parameters, Main Menu . . . . .C-7 Table C-2 DPC Parameters, Calculate Max Power Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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CHAPTER GENERAL How to Use This Manual This manual documents the enhanced Vipersat features and functions of the SLM-5650A Satellite Network Modem Router, and guides the user in how to configure this product for use in a Vipersat network. The material covered addresses only those areas specific to an SLM-5650A running in Vipersat mode, and complements the universal features and functions described in the SLM-5650A Installation and Operation Manual.
How to Use This Manual Chapter 3 — Using the Web Server Interface (WSI) Describes the use of the Web Page for configuring and monitoring the SLM5650A in a Vipersat network. Each HTTP screen is presented along with a detailed description and related commands. Appendix A — Network Addressing Supplemental reference information on binary math and network addressing to assist with integrating the SLM-5650A into a Vipersat network.
How to Use This Manual The following documents are referenced in this manual, and provide supplementary information for the reader: • SLM-5650A Satellite Modem Installation and Operation Manual (Part Number MN-SLM5650A) • Vipersat Management System User Guide (Part Number MN/22156) • VLoad Utility User Guide (Part Number MN/22117) • SLM-5650A Parameter Editor User Guide (Part Number MN-0000041) Chapter 1 - General 1-3
Product Description Product Description Introduction The Vipersat SLM-5650A Satellite Network Modem Router offers state of the art performance and reliability in a sophisticated and cost-effective 1RU package. The SLM-5650A integrates router functionality into the modem, completely eliminating external serial port cabling, and allowing connection of a four port 10/100/1000Base-T LAN switch directly to the modem.
P r o d u c t D e s c r i p t io n Router Features • Fully Integrated Network Management using Vipersat Management System (VMS) • Management Security {FAST option} • Multi-Transponder Mode (MTM) Functions • Dynamic Power Control (DPC) for Environment or Mesh Links • Upstream Bandwidth Management for Load, Scheduled, and Manual Switching • Dynamic SCPC (dSCPC) Bandwidth-On-Demand • Satellite Roaming (SOTM) • Antenna Handover {FAST option} • Four Port 10/100/1000BaseT Ethernet LAN/WAN Interface • Router and
Product Description tively enables the network to better handle connection oriented applications and reduce network congestion, jitter, and latency. The result is an economical and flexible network with bandwidth shared and directed where it is needed for any mix of IP voice, video, and data traffic. Turbo Product Coding The Comtech Vipersat SLM-5650A incorporates a Turbo Product Codec (TPC).
P r o d u c t D e s c r i p t io n monitors the QoS queue depths and determines when to send the PAUSE frames (IEEE 802.3) for management of data flow traffic. Proxy ARP The Proxy ARP feature activates the SLM-5650A to perform as the proxy between the LAN and the satellite WAN and answer the ARP queries for a network address that is not on the given network.
Product Description Bridged Point-to-Multipoint (BPM) Routing Mode Another option for Vipersat networks is the BPM routing mode that offers additional flexibility and scalability of the satellite network by providing a combination of routing and bridging functions. Note that this option is only available if the NP BPM FAST feature has been installed on the modem/router.
C u s t om e r S u p p o r t Customer Support Contact Information Contact Comtech Vipersat Network Products Customer Support for information or assistance with product support, service, or training on any Vipersat product. Mail: Attn: CTAC Comtech EF Data – Vipersat Network Products 3215 Skyway Court Fremont, CA 94539 USA Phone: 1+510-252-1462 Fax: 1+510-252-1695 Email: supportcvni@comtechefdata.com Web: www.comtechefdata.
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CHAPTER QUICK START CONFIGURATION Introduction This chapter describes the minimum configuration of an SLM-5650A Network Processor that is necessary in order for the equipment to function in a Vipersat network. The CEFD SLM-5650A stores its configuration in an ASCII file named the PARAM file. Equipment configuration is typically performed through the use of the Web Server Interface (WSI) providing HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP), particularly the initial configuration.
I n i t i a l C o n f i gu r a t i o n Initial Configuration NOTE Note: Many of the settings required for equipment configuration are based on the LAN/WAN and Satellite network design, and should be obtained from the network administrator.
I n i t i a l C o n f i g u r a t io n Figure 2-1 NP Splash Screen Network Role The first and most important step prior to configuring the SLM-5650A is to define its network role. The SLM-5650A is a flexible network component able to perform different functions depending on how it is used in a network. The role that is defined for each SLM-5650A will determine what functions are available for each unit to fill its role.
I n i t i a l C o n f i gu r a t i o n The procedure for setting the modem configuration to match the defined network role is presented later in this Quick Start (“Set the Vipersat Working Mode” on page 2-5). Refer to the section “Vipersat Mode” on page 3-5 for additional details on the SLM-5650A’s network role and setting the appropriate Vipersat Working Mode.
I n i t i a l C o n f i g u r a t io n The FAST Feature codes are entered using the front panel of the modem (figure 2-3). With the keypad, select Utility -> FAST -> Configuration -> Enter NP Code. Enter the provided 20 digit code. Figure 2-3 Front Panel, SLM-5650A Modem Tip: The network administrator will have the FAST Feature codes. These are generated and stored by the unit serial number for the target SLM-5650A.
I n i t i a l C o n f i gu r a t i o n Figure 2-4 Vipersat Working Mode Page Once the Vipersat Mode has been set, the Vipersat submenu will be made available for configuring and setting the Vipersat features according to table 2-2, below.
I n i t i a l C o n f i g u r a t io n Vipersat networks. For networks that call for BPM, see the section “Routing Mode” on page 3-6. 3. Save the settings to flash by selecting Save from the Main Menu bar. Set the IP Addressing 1. From the LAN submenu, select Interface to open the LAN Interface page (figure 2-5). The MAC Address is displayed as a read-only field. Figure 2-5 LAN Interface Page 2. Select Single or Dual IP Addressing Mode (default=Single).
I n i t i a l C o n f i gu r a t i o n Choosing Single mode sets the modem to accept all traffic—data, VMS, and management—that utilizes the Traffic IP Address of the Network Processor card for this modem. The Management IP Address is ignored. Selecting Dual mode requires that data and VMS traffic be directed to the Traffic Address, while CLI, WSI, and SNMP communications must utilize the Management Address of the NP card. This provides additional security for remote connections.
I n i t i a l C o n f i g u r a t io n Example: The IP address 172.16.0.0 is the private address network number for class B networks. If there is a router at the Hub with a connection to the Internet, the operator can define the local network as a class B. If the operator splits the Class B in half and points the upper half toward the satellite, there will be over 16000 usable addresses at the Hub as well as at the Remotes. For details on IP addressing, refer to Appendix A, "Network Addressing".
I n i t i a l C o n f i gu r a t i o n If this Hub unit is providing the TDM outbound, a route statement or statements defining satellite communications with the Remote units must be entered as well, as illustrated in the figure. One recommended option is to enter a single super-route that will handle satellite communications with all of the remote subnets. Figure 2-6 Routes Table Page (Hub) 3. Click the Add Entry button. 4. Continue to add entries until all desired routes are entered. 5.
I n i t i a l C o n f i g u r a t io n Multicast Routing with IGMP For networks that will utilize the Vipersat IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) feature for multicast routing, additional routing configuration is required. See the section “Multicast Routing” on page 3-44. Set the Satellite Modem Configuration 1. Select Config from the Modem submenu to access the Modem Configuration page (figure 2-7). 2.
I n i t i a l C o n f i gu r a t i o n 3. After all Tx parameters are entered, click the Transmit Submit button. 4. Similarly, set the Receive parameters for Frequency, Data Rate, FEC, Code Rate, and Demodulation as specified by the network administrator (figure 2-8). Figure 2-8 Receive Configuration Frame (Hub) 2-12 5. After all Rx parameters are entered, click the Receive Submit button. 6. Save the settings to flash by selecting Save from the Main Menu bar.
I n i t i a l C o n f i g u r a t io n Set the Vipersat Configuration 1. From the Vipersat submenu, select Vipersat to open the Vipersat Configuration page. The example shown in figure 2-9 depicts the page appearance for a Hub unit. Figure 2-9 Vipersat Configuration Page (Hub) The unit Role appearance reflects the Working Mode parameter setting (see “Set the Vipersat Working Mode” on page 2-5) and identifies the role of the target SLM-5650A. 2. Enter a descriptor for the Node Name.
I n i t i a l C o n f i gu r a t i o n units common to a network and allows the VMS to manage multiple networks, each with its own unique network ID number. 4. Set the Receive Multicast Address. This IP address is the multicast address assigned to all Vipersat modem units in the network that are managed by the VMS server.
I n i t i a l C o n f i g u r a t io n Set the Home State 1. From the Vipersat submenu, select Home State to open the Home State Configuration page (figure 2-10). 2. Click the Set Current Config As Home command button in the lower portion of the page to set the current configuration as the Home State. This pulls the current Tx and Rx settings of the base modem and displays them here. Figure 2-10 Home State Configuration Page 3.
I n i t i a l C o n f i gu r a t i o n This completes the initial configuration of an SLM-5650A modem/router from the factory default settings to a functioning, Vipersat-enabled unit. Additional configuration parameters remain to be set depending on the network requirements for the specific customer application. Proceed to Chapter 3, "Using the Web Server Interface (WSI)," for additional details on configuring the target Vipersat SLM-5650A.
CHAPTER USING THE WEB SERVER INTERFACE (WSI) General This chapter describes the use of the WSI for configuring and monitoring the SLM-5650A Modem Router in a Vipersat network. Each web page related to an SLM-5650A operating in Vipersat mode is presented, along with a detailed description of the available commands. For descriptions of all other screens, refer to the SLM-5650A Installation and Operation Manual.
General Login: comtech Password: comtech Once the operator has logged in, the Network Processor splashscreen is displayed as shown in figure 3-1. The WSI is an easy to use interface for configuring and monitoring all aspects of the SLM-5650A. By rolling the cursor over the Main Menu bar at the top of the page, the user can navigate to the desired page by selecting from the nested submenu links that appear.
Menu Descriptions Menu Descriptions This section details the WSI menu pages, and briefly discusses the function of each of the parameters available on each menu page. Main Menu Bar The WSI Main Menu Bar, shown in figure 3-2, allows configuring both the modem and router functions of the target SLM-5650A Network Processor. NOTE Note: The Vipersat menu item will only be displayed if the target SLM-5650A has had the Vipersat option installed as described in the section “FAST Features” on page 3-7.
Menu Descriptions Save Parameters to Permanent Storage To Save the current configuration to permanent Flash storage, select Save from the Main Menu bar, as shown in figure 3-3. Click on the Save Now button to initiate the save process, then click OK to confirm and complete the process. This command saves all data that has been entered from any of the web pages since the last save operation occurred.
Menu Descriptions Information The specific firmware image versions and system up time for the Network Processor can be viewed by performing a mouseover on Info in the Main Menu bar and selecting Home from the submenu, as shown in figure 3-5. This information is useful, for example, when planning or performing upgrade operations for a unit. Figure 3-5 Home Page Administration The Admin Menu provides access to the major Administration features and commands (figure 3-6) for the SLM-5650A.
Menu Descriptions The choice that is made here will determine the role that this SLM-5650A will perform in the network, and what type of commands and functions it will receive from the VMS. Refer to table 2-1 for a breakdown of network roles and related functions and features. NOTE Note: If Vipersat Mode does not appear in the menu, the Vipersat FAST Code has not yet been installed in this unit. The FAST Code for the Vipersat option must first be re-entered as described in the next section.
Menu Descriptions of the satellite network by providing a combination of routing and bridging functions. Note that this option is only available if the NP BPM FAST feature has been installed on the modem/router.
Menu Descriptions Figure 3-7 FAST Features Page Verify whether or not the Vipersat FAST Feature is Installed (as shown). The codes are entered per customer order prior to shipment from the factory; however, if the feature displays as Not Installed, an updated FAST code will have to be re-entered to enable the Vipersat features. The FAST Feature codes are entered using the front panel of the modem (figure 3-8). With the keypad, select Utility: FAST -> Configuration -> Enter NP Code.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Vipersat Configuration Mouseover Vipersat in the Main Menu Bar, as shown in figure 3-9, to display the submenu used for configuring the Vipersat features and functions for the SLM-5650A. The following sections describe each submenu in detail. Vipersat Selecting the first item in the submenu opens the Vipersat configuration page. The display will vary depending upon whether the Working Mode is defined as a Hub unit or a Remote unit.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Figure 3-10 Figure 3-10 Vipersat Configuration Page (Remote) Vipersat Role The Role field is display only, reflecting the Vipersat Working Mode setting that was configured earlier under Administration. The chosen mode is also identified by the Vipersat label that is displayed in the upper left portion of the page— “Vipersat Hub” in this example.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n The Network ID is used by the VMS to identify units that are common to a network and allows the VMS to manage multiple networks, each with its own unique Network ID number. Receive Multicast Address The Receive Multicast Address is the multitcast IP address assigned to all SLM-5650A units in the Vipersat network that are managed by the VMS server. This address must match the VMS Transmit Multicast Address.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n dancy (protected) configurations. The message interval is set by the managing VMS which uploads it to the modem. Activate this feature by selecting the Enabled radio button. Management Security Management Security is an optional Vipersat feature that provides encryption on all VMS management messages passed between the VMS and the network modems. When enabled, the VMS and all of the network modems must utilize a common Encryption Key that is manually set on each.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n To maintain any parameter changes in flash memory, select Save from the Main Menu bar. STDMA Mode The STDMA parameters for this SLM-5650A are accessed by selecting STDMA from the Vipersat submenu. The fields in the STDMA configuration page will vary depending on the function the target SLM-5650A performs in the network. The page shown in figure 3-12 is from an SLM-5650A serving as a Hub in the network.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n For comparison, the STDMA menu for an SLM-5650A operating as a Remote unit is shown in figure 3-13. Note that the configuration items for the Remote screen are a small subset of those for a Hub. Figure 3-13 STDMA Page (Remote) Allocation Method This parameter field is only displayed if the SLM-5650A is being used as a Hub in the network, and provides the functionality for the STDMA Burst Controller.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Figure 3-14 Hub Type Allocation Menu This selection determines whether available bandwidth will be a static (fixed) assignment, or whether bandwidth allocation will be dynamic with automatic switching to dynamically optimize bandwidth utilization. 1 – Fixed In the Fixed mode, all Remotes have the same data slot size regardless of type of traffic or load.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n been assigned slots, the burst map is checked to see if the total cycle length exceeds one second. If not, then all requirements are satisfied and the burst map is complete. However, if the cycle is greater than one second, then the slots are adjusted proportionally so that all Remotes receive at least their guaranteed rate plus whatever excess is still available. GIR mode allows guaranteed information rates to be set for each Remote in the group.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n method for remotes with low latency requirements to re-enter the network once power is restored. Refer to Appendix B “Automatic Switching” for additional information on how each of the bandwidth allocation modes functions and the parameters used to calculate the commands for each mode.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Allocation of bandwidth is shared among the Remotes in an STDMA group. Depending on the number of Remotes in a network, a Hub may have multiple burst controllers, each with its own set of Remotes. This is accomplished by assigning a unique Group ID number to each controller and its associated Remotes. NOTE Note: The STDMA Group ID number and the Network ID number are independent. There can be multiple STDMA groups within a single network.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Preamble Time This parameter, which appears in all Hub configurations, displays the current Slot Preamble size in milliseconds for the Remotes in the group. The Preamble is the period between when the Remote begins to transmit (sends an ACK) to the Hub and when the first data packet is sent. This allows time for signal lock to occur before data is sent, thus preventing data loss.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n one spin of the STDMA cycle by each of the Remotes belonging to that group. This is the amount of time that the Remote is provided to send data in the cycle.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Power Hunt Power Hunt is a transmission power control feature for the Remote modulator that functions while the Remote is in STDMA mode. This parameter provides compensation for instances when the initial (baseline) power value is insufficient or during periods of impaired transmission, and assists in maintaining return link integrity.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Figure 3-23 Outbound IP field Automatic Remote Removal The Automatic Remote Removal feature appears on the STDMA page when the Unit Role is Hub, and is used to define the removal parameters for the Remotes that belong to the STDMA group for the Hub Burst Controller.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Remote List Table The Remote List Table appears on the STDMA page when the Unit Role is Hub. The screen example shown in figure 3-25 is typical of the appearance for all allocation methods except for GIR and ECM, which are depicted in figure 3-26 and figure 3-27, respectively. Figure 3-25 STDMA Remote List Table This feature is used to assign and display the Remotes that belong to the STDMA group for the Hub burst controller.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Figure 3-26 Remote List Table, GIR Hub Figure 3-27 Remote List Table, ECM Hub Add Remote to STDMA Group In the Add New Entry section, enter the Station Name for the Remote unit and the IP Address, then click the Add Entry button. The new Remote will be listed in the table as a member of the STDMA group. Once a Remote has been added to the STDMA group, its status in the group is displayed on the Vipersat Stats page (see “STDMA Hub Statistics” on page 3-27).
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Set Remote Policies—GIR and ECM The STDMA page for GIR and ECM Hub types allows the configuration of each Remote for specific data switching conditions. GIR Remotes As shown in figure 3-26, two additional parameters—GIR and GIR Switch Rate—are settable in the table for the GIR Remotes. Note that, above the table, data rate and bandwidth guidelines for setting the GIR values are provided as reference to assist the user with configuration of these parameters.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Figure 3-28 Delete Table Entry field Enable/Disable Remote Included in the Remote List Table is the Status column displaying whether the station is currently Enabled or Disabled (figure 3-29). This feature can be used to easily place a Remote in or out of the burstmap without having to perform Add/Delete Entry procedures. Figure 3-29 Remote Status selection Change the status setting by clicking on the pull-down arrow and selecting the other choice.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n STDMA Hub Statistics The STDMA-Hub Statistics page (figure 3-30) provides information on burst cycle intervals, number of missed and received ACK’s per Remote, and the receive byte counts per burst. Figure 3-30 STDMA Hub Statistics Page Statistics in the received ACK from each Remote are monitored by the Burst Controller. These statistics report the fill status of the burst data slot for each Remote.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n • D = Disabled – This Remote is currently disabled and is not in the burst map. This status will be displayed when a remote is manually disabled by the operator or administrator. • S = Switched – This Remote is currently switched into SCPC mode. When displayed, this status indicates that the VMS has automatically switched the remote out of the burst map and into SCPC operation. • H = Home State Revert – This Remote is not currently receiving burst maps.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n on bandwidth demand. The configuration options that are available to meet customer-specific requirements are extensive, and include switching based on Load and/or ToS (Type of Service). For additional information, refer to Appendix B “Automatic Switching” in this document. The functions available for configuring the switching operations depend on whether the target SLM-5650A is a Hub unit or if it is a Remote unit.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Figure 3-33 Switching Page (Remote) Load Switching One of the four automatic switching functions that the Vipersat SLM-5650A is able to perform is Load Switching. The system will detect variations in data rate and can be configured to switch from STDMA to SCPC based on bandwidth requirements. The initial switch for a Remote SLM-5650A from STDMA mode to SCPC mode is determined by the Hub Burst Controller.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n NOTE Note: Load switching must be Enabled for any SLM-5650A that will experience changing load conditions in order for the VMS to dynamically optimize network performance on these circuits. STDMA Slot Capacity This parameter field appears for Hub modems only. The STDMA Slot Capacity parameter allows setting the threshold or level of slot capacity at which the Burst Controller sends a switch request to the VMS to switch the Remote from STDMA mode to SCPC mode.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Percent Allocation This parameter field appears for Hub modems only. The Percent Allocation parameter allows adding a fixed percentage to the channel bandwidth request to accommodate additional bandwidth requirements which may occur after the switch is made from STDMA to SCPC mode. Typically the default value (10%) will be sufficient, but if there may be a larger bandwidth requirement after the switch, the percent allocation value can be increased.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n A default value (65%) is provided, but if a different threshold is desired, an alternate value can be specified by entering a value from 0–100% as shown in figure 3-38. Note that this value must be less than the value specified for the SCPC Step Up Threshold. Figure 3-38 SCPC Step Down Threshold field SCPC Switch Delay This menu item appears for Remote modems only.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n To maintain any parameter changes in flash memory, select Save from the Main Menu bar. Dynamic Power Control Configuration Dynamic Power Control (DPC) is a Vipersat feature that acts to regulate the transmit power of the Vipersat satellite modem, such that the specified receive signal level (Eb/N0) for the Vipersat unit(s) receiving the transmission is met.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Figure 3-42 DPC Configuration (Hub Expansion Demod) NOTE Note: The following descriptions will refer to the SLM-5650A as either modulator or demodulator for simplicity and understanding. Before enabling DPC, the operator should verify that a demodulator at another terminal is receiving from this modulator, and that there is a working communications channel from that receiving station back to the modulator terminal (In-Band communications).
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Speed-Up Eb/No The Speed-Up Eb/N0 range parameter provides a means of decreasing the power adjustment period when an excessive delta occurs between the Eb/N0 receive level and the target value. This ensures that an optimal receive level is maintained. Normally, the DPC message is sent every 30 seconds from each terminal in the network.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Power button is clicked. Any modifications to the settings for Margin, Max Data Rate, Max Code Rate, and/or Max Modulation will require re-calculation of the Maximum Power value. If the calculator returns an error [INVALID], either the base level is too high or the calibration parameter settings have exceeded the capacity of the equipment and must be modified. Margin The DPC Margin parameter is one of the Max Power calibration settings.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n To maintain any parameter changes in flash memory, select Save from the Main Menu bar. Home State An SLM-5650A’s Home State consists of those parameters which provide a known RF configuration that the modem/router will return to, either as the result of a command by the VMS, or as it comes back on line from a reset or a power cycle.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n When Home State is Enabled, the valid settings for Code Rate, Modulation, and FEC are as follows: • Code Rate — 3/4 or 5/16 • Modulation — QPSK or BPSK • FEC — Turbo Set Current Configuration as Home State This command sets the SLM-5650A’s current configuration as its Home State settings.
A d d i t i o na l R o u t i n g C o n f i g u r a t i o n Additional Routing Configuration Basic routing is configured using the Routes page that appears under the Routing menu (refer to the SLM-5650A Installation and Operation Manual, P/N MN-SLM5650A). Depending on specific customer network applications, additional routing features may have to be enabled and configured accordingly. The configuration of OSPF dynamic routing and IGMP multicast routing is described in the subsections below.
A d d i t i o n a l R o u t i n g C o n f i g u r a t io n For Hub SLM-5650As that are providing the TDM Outbound for a satellite roaming network, set OSPF to Announcement Only. For roaming Remotes, set OSPF to Disabled. 2. NOTE Set the parameter fields as described below. For the majority of networks, the default settings are recommended. Note: For systems that are already operating with OSPF, activation of any parameter changes will result in a momentary stopping and re-starting of the OSPF process.
A d d i t i o na l R o u t i n g C o n f i g u r a t i o n In Star mode, route changes at each Remote are only updated in the Hub. In Mesh mode, route changes at each Remote are updated in the Hub as well as distributed to all of the other Remotes. Caution: Setting the Topology for Mesh may require a larger number of routes, with the possibility of exceeding the limit of 270 total routes per modem/router.
A d d i t i o n a l R o u t i n g C o n f i g u r a t io n Hello Interval The Hello Interval parameter is the timer value for sending the Hello packet on the specified interface. This is a periodic handshake and ‘keepalive’ message that establishes and tests the link up/down status to determine neighbor reachability. Default value is 10 seconds. Range is 1-65535.
A d d i t i o na l R o u t i n g C o n f i g u r a t i o n that SLM-5650A are deleted. If/when a subsequent Hello is received from this same modem/router, it is treated as a first Hello and the handshake protocol is initiated once again. To maintain any parameter changes in flash memory, select Save from the Main Menu bar. Multicast Routing IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) is an IP routing protocol used by IP hosts to manage their dynamic multicast group memberships on a given network.
A d d i t i o n a l R o u t i n g C o n f i g u r a t io n 2. Set the parameter fields as described below. For most applications, the default settings are recommended. Query Interval The Query Interval is the amount of time (in seconds) between IGMP general query messages sent by the router. Default value is 60 seconds. Response Interval The Response Interval is the maximum amount of time (in seconds) that the IGMP router waits to receive a response to a general query message.
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APPENDIX NETWORK ADDRESSING Introduction This Appendix is an overview of network addressing and how it applies to configuring the SLM-5650A for use in Vipersat Networks.
The OSI Reference Model The OSI Reference Model OSI is an acronym for Open Systems Interconnection. This is a network model created by ISO (the International Standardization Organization.) The OSI model is the basic standard which forms the basis for all networking protocols. Figure A-1 The Seven OSI Protocol Layers The OSI model defines the building blocks used to construct a working network protocol as shown in Figure A-1.
The OSI Reference Model Together, these two sub-layer protocols are responsible for moving packets on and off the network. Layer 3 / Network Layer – Layer 3 is responsible for routing packets through multiple networks. The Layer 3 protocol operates without regard to the underlying protocols in use. For example, routers operate at Layer 3.
B i na r y Ma t h Binary Math Network devices communicate using BITS, where a bit is a single digit represented by a 1 or a 0, or by using BYTEs, where a byte is made up of eight bits in any combination of 1’s or 0’s. A byte is also referred to as an octet. Figure A-2 Bits and Bytes An octet can be converted to or from binary using the technique shown in the decimal conversion chart in Figure A-3. The conversion chart also shows the decimal equivalent of the binary number.
B i n ar y M at h changed the numbering base (radix.) All digital processes are done in binary. The conversion to decimal is done whenever binary values need to be read or entered by humans as their decimal equivalents.
I P Ad d r e s s i n g IP Addressing An IP (Internet Protocol) address is a unique set of numbers assigned to a device on a network to uniquely identify that device (by its IP address). An IP address is a unique number composed of four octets, with each octet separated by a dot. This notation style is called dotted decimal notation. Each IP address can be broken down into two parts, as shown in the example below: Example: 128.121.188.201 The first two octets are the network ID: 128.
I P A d d r e s s in g • 16-bit network number • 16-bit node number CLASS A CLASS B CLASS C Address Class HighOrder-Bits 1st Octet Decimal Range Networks Available Hosts Available Class A 0 1-126.x.y.z 126 16,777,214 Class B 10 128-191.x.y.z 16,384 65,534 Class C 110 192-223.x.y.z 2,097,152 254 Figure A-4 IP Address Classes A, B, C Class C • 192.0.1.x to 223.255.254.
I P Ad d r e s s i n g Class E • 240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255 • Reserved for experimental use and limited broadcast Private Network IP Addresses RFC 1918 defines blocks of addresses for use on private networks: • 10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255 • 172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255 • 192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.
I P A d d r e s s in g In the process of subnetting, bits are borrowed from the host ID portion of an IP address and are then given to the network ID. Then a “Subnet Mask” gets assigned to the host along with the IP address. Subnetting is required if the network is segmented. Subnet Mask The Subnet Mask is used by the host to determine if a destination IP address is on the local or on a remote network segment. The table in Figure A-6 shows the default subnet mask used for each class of IP address.
I P Ad d r e s s i n g Dotted Decimal Address Binary Values IP Address 192.168.2.66 11000000.10101000.00000010.01000010 Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 ANDing Result 192.168.2.0 11000000.10101000.00000010.00000000 Figure A-7 ANDing an IP address and a subnet mask A free calculator, available from SolarWinds, performs these IP and subnet mask calculations and can be found at: www.solarwinds.
I P A d d r e s s in g Each of the four subnets can, in turn, support 64 members. The example subnet used above yielded 4 subnets, but you can use a different mask to meet the specific requirements of your network. Default Gateways A default gateway is a network device, usually a router, that is responsible for routing data packets out of the local network segment.
I P Ad d r e s s i n g • The first six characters are issued to the organization. • The second six characters are assigned to the hardware interface by manufacturing.
APPENDIX AUTOMATIC SWITCHING General Automatic switching is a feature of the VMS that allows dynamically changing the network configuration in response to changes in either traffic type network traffic loads (Load switching) or Type of Service (ToS) detecting stamped packets with Diffserv values. The following material applies to the Vipersat SLM-5650A. For purposes of simplicity, these units shall be referred to as modem/routers.
General meet their QoS and cost requirements within their bandwidth allocation. The result is a stable satellite network connection that automatically responds to the customer’s requirements while continuously monitoring and reacting to changing load, data type, and QoS requirements.
L o a d S w i t c h in g Load Switching Overview There are three primary functional components involved in the load switching process. • Hub STDMA Burst Controller(s)—These are the Hub units that provide the load switching detection mechanism for Remotes that are operating within the shared channel(s). Hub units that can serve as controllers include CDM-570, CDD-56X, and SLM-5650A.
Load Switching switch is initiated. The data rate for the switch is computed by determining the current bandwidth requirement of the Remote, and adding some percentage of excess margin. The main difference between switching from STDMA to SCPC and adjusting within SCPC is that in STDMA mode, the current available bandwidth is constantly changing, while in SCPC mode, it is constant between switches.
L o a d S w i t c h in g Table B-1 STDMA ACK Message Data Type Size in Bytes Description Unit of Measure IP 4 IP Address of Remote N/A Unsigned 4 Queued Bytes Bytes Total number of bytes queued since last cycle (includes possible buffer overflow) Unsigned 4 Bytes in Queue Bytes Number of bytes currently queued Unsigned 1 Group Number N/A Unsigned 1 Dropped Buffers Packets Notes Used by Remote to identify itself Number of packets dropped (due to limited bandwidth) If there is ade
Load Switching • Dynamic Slot Mode – The slot size for each Remote is computed based on the time (at the current data rate) needed to transmit all the “Bytes in Queue”. If the result is less than the minimum slot size or more than the maximum slot size, the slot is adjusted accordingly. • Dynamic Cycle Mode – Available bandwidth is allocated to Remotes proportionally, based on current need.
L o a d S w i t c h in g Load Switching—STDMA Hub Before discussing how load switching is determined, it is necessary to explain the modem/router parameters that control the switch. Hub Switching Parameters The screen shown in figure B-1 shows the entries in the Automatic Switching page at the Hub that are used to control load switching. Figure B-1 Hub Load Switching Page • Load Switching – This is a type of Automatic Switching that is based on the amount of traffic at a Remote.
Load Switching • Percent Allocation – This is an excess amount of bandwidth that is allocated beyond the current traffic rate when the switch to SCPC is made. For example, if the current average traffic at the time of the switch is 60 kbps, and the Percent Allocation is 10%, then the allocation will be for 60k + 6k = 66 kbps. Note that, because the Hub always allocates bandwidth in 8 kbps blocks, the 66 kbps will be rounded up to 72 kbps in this example.
L o a d S w i t c h in g Load Switching—Remote Once a Remote has been switched from STDMA mode to SCPC mode, it checks its bandwidth requirements to see if a change is needed. A running average of the data traffic passing over the WAN is maintained as a percentage of the current data rate for the Remote. This average is accumulated for at least the specified delay (Step Up/Step Down) period. Then, once per second, the current utilization is checked against the Step Up and Step Down Thresholds.
Load Switching Same as the Hub parameter STDMA Switch Delay. • SCPC Step Up Excess – This is an additional amount of bandwidth that is allocated beyond the calculated traffic rate, and is added to each switch request. Note that the value applies to both Step Up and Step Down switches, and is computed against the average traffic load at the time the switch is initiated.
L o a d S w i t c h in g Figure B-3 Load Switching diagram A load switch is illustrated in figure B-3 using the following process: 1. A load is generated by an application that is running at a Remote. In this example, the application is a video stream. 2. The data is connected to the Remote modem/router over an ethernet link for transmission to the satellite.
Load Switching channel space (bandwidth) requirements to accommodate the data flow requested by the STDMA Controller. 6. If the VMS finds available resources, it processes the switch request and sends tuning commands that switch the Remote out of STDMA and into SCPC mode. The modem/router continuously monitors traffic flow volume. Whenever a preset upper or lower limit is exceeded, the modem/router sends a request to the VMS to change bandwidth by the amount needed to meet the new requirement.
ToS Switching ToS Switching ToS Background The Type of Service (ToS) byte is an 8-bit field contained within the IP header portion of an IPv4 packet. This field provides a means of marking packets for traffic identification and classification purposes. Devices within the network can utilize the ToS value to classify traffic and apply per hop queuing and Quality of Service (QoS) for different types of traffic. The first 3 bits of the ToS byte are referred to as IP precedence bits.
ToS Switching the clear and often provides the only mechanism for identifying and prioritize traffic within the network. The ToS switching feature in the SLM-5650A provides a reliable method for performing automatic dSCPC switching and is the preferred method for most encrypted environments that leave the IP header intact. Detection of ToS Stamped Packets The configuration and detection of ToS stamped packets occurs in the Network Processor (NP) card of the remote modem.
ToS Switching Configuration The ToS switching feature can be configured within the SLM-5650A modem using either the CLI or the Web user interface. For simplicity, the Web interface (figure B-5) will be presented in this example. Figure B-5 Remote ToS Switching menu The remote ToS switching is optioned by selecting 'Enable' or 'Disable'. In addition to the enable/disable, the menu provides the ability to create a list of ToS Rules for which a switch will be initiated.
ToS Switching Example Implementations ToS Switching Per Device For applications that require an increase in SCPC bit rate for each application device a separate ToS value must be assigned to each device individually. This provides granular switching for each device and also allows a mesh connection to be established for each device independently. Figure B-6 depicts a per device configuration Example.
ToS Switching ToS Remarking For situations where the application device is not capable of stamping a packet with a ToS value or where the application traffic is generated by a variety of different host and protocols ToS remarking should be considered. ToS remarking refers to a device, such as a router, that has the capability of re-stamping packets with a user defined ToS value.
ToS Switching The information below can be used to convert between various formats: Convert from ToS to DSCP - Divide the ToS decimal value by 4 Example: Convert a ToS decimal value of 184 to DSCP DSCP = 184/4 DSCP = 46 Converting ToS and DSCP to/from Binary - Figure B-9 provides an example of the conversion to and from binary and can also be used to convert to and from ToS and DHCP values.
ToS Switching remote 1 to the other remote involved. However the other remote must also detect.
E n t r y C h a n n e l M od e ( E C M ) S w i t c h i n g Entry Channel Mode (ECM) Switching STDMA Entry Channel Mode provides a method for Remotes requiring SCPC access channels to enter/re-enter the network initially or after a power or other site outage. The switch time will be variable based on the burst rate (bps) of the STDMA group, the number of Remotes with slots in the group, and where in the burst cycle the Remote is when it acknowledges receipt of the Burst Map.
E n t r y C h a n n e l M o d e ( E C M ) S w i t c h in g Burst Map causing it to rejoin the network through ECM. The VMS will park the demodulator previously in use and free the bandwidth slot. 2. If the outage was due to an extended rain fade or other communications blockage with no loss of power, the Remote will rejoin the network via the previously assigned SCPC channel. When the VMS receives a PLDM it will send a Revert-to-Home State command and free the bandwidth slot and burst demodulator.
E n t r y C h a n n e l M od e ( E C M ) S w i t c h i n g ECM Switch Recovery > 3min. VMS State Connected Burst Demod Switched Demod Remote 0 0 Unit Reboot Satellite Delay 250 ms + 30ms E-E State Disconnected 180 Registration Acknowledgment Failure 189 Revert Switch Command 189.05 Revert Acknowledgment Failure 192 Switch Command ECM 240.28 Failure Failure 180.28 No Communications 189.35 No Communications > 240 Home State- STDMA TX Grant Burst ACK 240.
APPENDIX DYNAMIC POWER CONTROL Introduction Dynamic Power Control (DPC) provides a mechanism whereby Vipersat satellite links have their transmit power levels adjusted in order to optimize the receive signal quality, as measured by the corresponding demodulator Eb/N0. This optimization process acts to either increase or decrease transmitted signal levels in order to: • Achieve a minimum level of received Eb/N0 consistent with providing an error-free link.
Introduction caused, for example, by the use of different antenna sizes in a mesh network, or by rain fade conditions. Receive signal quality and use of system resources is optimized, resulting in a reduction in power amplifier intermodulation as well as conservation of satellite transmit power. The power control algorithm is a closed loop servo-mechanism with the received Eb/N0 values as the input function and the modulator transmit power as the output function.
Description Description The behavior of the Dynamic Power Control feature is designed to regulate power by utilizing the uplink margin to limit the maximum effective transmitted power (EIRPC) of the terminal. The DPC function in the IP-enabled Vipersatoptioned modems provides controls allowing an operator to input site budget numbers that compensate and limit modulator output power.
D e s c r i p ti o n Offset adjustments to the modulator transmit power during rain fade conditions are applied to incoming switch commands from the VMS. This prevents possible link failures due to power value changes associated with changes in bandwidth, modulation, etc. In more detail, the BaseLine Power obtains its value from either the Home State Power Level setting or the power given to the modem by the VMS during the last switch command.
Description Mbps. With a set margin of 5 dB, the additive power is never greater than the set level at any rate, but still provides a full range of power, up to the site maximum. Figure C-1 Data Rate to Power Relationship, DPC Note that only base rates are used in this example, with no alternative modulation or code rates. Margins are very important because they are used to compensate for rain attenuation which could be as severe as 8 dB in Ku-band frequencies.
D e s c r i p ti o n The Max Power calculator takes into consideration all the above variables and compares them to the modem BER waterfall curves to determine if the modulator range is sufficient to achieve the budgetary information. If the calculator returns an error [INVALID], the base level is either too high or the set parameters have exceeded the capacity of the equipment.
Configuration point of the HPA. See “Signal Power Level Considerations” on page C-15 for more information. Configuration The DPC menus (CLI, Parameter Editor, WSI) provide configuration and calibration control to set up the site maximum power level. Note, however, that the Parameter Editor and the WSI only support a subset of what is available in the Command Line Interface (CLI).
C o nf i g ur a t i o n Table C-1 DPC Parameters, Main Menu Parameter Menu Default Description SOTM Offset Main; Modulator Display Only Satcom-On-The-Move hunt power adjustment when operating in STDMA mode. When enabled, this offset value is applied to the BaseLine Power when switching into SCPC mode. Used for Roaming feature. Margin Main; Modulator Display Only The site power margin as used in Max Power calculation. See Calculate Max Power for more details.
Configuration Table C-2 DPC Parameters, Calculate Max Power Menu Parameter Menu Default Description Calculate Max Power Calculate Max Power; Modulator Calculate Command After entering all maximum budgetary settings, this menu command will generate the Max Power value for the modulator. Max Power Calculate Max Power; Modulator Display Only The calculated modulator maximum Power at all maximum settings (Data Rate, Code Rate, Modulation, FEC Type). Controls upper limit of modulator output power.
C o nf i g ur a t i o n changed from the CLI Calculate Max Power menu (figure C-5). The calculator function is not available from the Parameter Editor because it does not contain the information for the modem BER waterfall curves, which is vital to calculate maximum power. Consequently, the Parameter Editor provides display-only values for the maximum settings from when the parameter file was acquired from the modem. Thus, this dialog (figure C-6) is labeled DPC Calibration rather than Calculation.
Configuration carrier value. When this value is received by the transmitting modulator, it is compared to the set value; if they are different, the modulator servos its output power level to achieve the targeted Eb/N0 level. The modulator DPC function can support multiple demodulators as assigned by the system.
C o nf i g ur a t i o n This calculator uses the site budgetary numbers to determine the maximum power value when operating at peak transmission settings. After the operator enters all parameters and selects the Calculate Max Power command, the calculator compares the values to base numbers and selected BER tables to determine the power budget based on the total margin.
Configuration Calibrated Data Rate This is the Baseline Home State Data Rate and is used as the base reference value to calculate the maximum DPC Margin. DPC Margin The Margin setting governs the upper power limit for all combinations of waveforms given. Nominal Power Level This is the Baseline Home State modulator Power Level and is used as the base reference value to calculate the maximum DPC Margin. Max Data Rate This is the Maximum Data Rate achievable as calculated through site budgetary numbers.
C o nf i g ur a t i o n Max Power After entering all site budgetary numbers and selecting the Calculate Max Power command, the system processes the max settings against the BER tables to determine and display the site maximum power limit. This maximum power value is achieved only when all parameters are dynamically set to maximum and the environmental conditions are at diminished capacities.
Signal Power Level Considerations Signal Power Level Considerations There are many parameters to consider when planning and commissioning a site for satellite transmission. Among the most important are selections for location, antenna size, and High Power Amplifier. Do not forget entrance link cabling. These pre-selections determine maximum operability of the site in freedom of range and limitations. Uplink power gain limitations and cable losses are the main focus of this section.
S i g n a l P o w e r L e v e l C o n s i d e r a t i on s level is then calculated based on the BUC’s Pin max minus the transmit cable loss. The levels shown in the example above assume a transmit cable loss of about 12 dB. Apply this calculated value to the returned Max Power value to determine if one, the maximum power is within gain/loss limits and two, the total range is achievable. Power Considerations The amount of power is defined by the link budget.
Signal Power Level Considerations A good note here is that, with the typical LO frequencies as shown in the example above, transmit and receive L-band frequencies are widely separated. If the signals were within the LNB stability/drift frequency limits, there might be a tendency for the receive side to attempt locking to its own transmit signal.
S i g n a l P o w e r L e v e l C o n s i d e r a t i on s Table C-3 Typical Coaxial Cable Characteristics C-18 Cable Type Max. Freq. (MHz) O.D. (inch) Loss/100 feet (dB) @1.2 GHz Shielding Efficiency (dB) Estimated Cost/ft. (USD) Times LMR-400 (50Ω) 5,000 0.405 4.8 >90 0.64 Times LMR-600 (50Ω) 5,000 0.59 3.1 >90 1.30 Belden 9913 (50Ω) 5,000 0.405 5.2 >90 0.60 RG214 (50Ω) 5,000 0.405 10.1 >90 1.70 3/8-inch LDF (50Ω) 5,000 0.44 4.1 >90 1.
APPENDIX GLOSSARY A ACK A signal used in computing and other fields to indicate acknowledgement, such as a packet message used in TCP to acknowledge the receipt of a packet. ARP Address Resolution Protocol – A protocol for a LAN device to determine the MAC address of a locally connected device given its IP address. See also MAC. ASR Automatic Switch Request – A switch request message generated by older Vipersat modems (e.g.
BPM Bridge Point-to-Multipoint – Routing mode option available in the SLM-5650A satellite modem. BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying – Sometimes referred to as 2-PSK. A digital modulation technique in which the carrier is phase shifted +/-180 degrees (two phases). The simplest and most robust of all PSKs, but unsuitable for high datarate applications when bandwidth is limited due to encoding just one bit per symbol. See also QPSK and OQPSK.
D DAMA Demand Assigned Multiple Access – A process whereby communications links are only activated when there is an actual demand. dBm Decibel referenced to 1 milliwatt. DES Data Encryption Standard – A federal standard method for encrypting information for secure transmission. The Vipersat system offers 3xDES (Triple DES) for encrypting traffic. DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol – An Internet protocol for automating the configuration of computers that use TCP/IP.
easy to quickly upgrade the feature options of a modem while it is running live in the network, either on site or remotely. FDMA FEC Flash Forward Path FTP Frequency Division Multiple Access – A technique where multiple users can access a common resource (e.g. satellite) by each being allocated a distinct frequency for operation. See also TDMA and STDMA.
HPA HTTP Hub High Power Amplifier – The amplifier used in satellite communications to raise the transmit signal to the correct power level prior to transmission to satellite. Hyper Text Transfer Protocol – The Internet standard for World Wide Web (WWW) operation. The central site of a network which links to a number of satellite earth sites (Remotes). I ICMP IDU IF Internet Control Message Protocol Indoor Unit – In a VSAT system, the satellite modem is referred to as the IDU.
L L-band A frequency band commonly used as an IF for satellite systems using block up/ down conversion. Typically 950–1450 MHz Rx, 1250–1750 MHz Tx. See also C-band and Ku-band. LAN Local Area Network LLA Low Latency Application LNA Low Noise Amplifier – An amplifier with very low noise temperature used as the first amplifier in the receive chain of a satellite system. LNB Low Noise Block – A downconverter so called because it converts a whole band or “block” of frequencies to a lower band.
N NAT Network Address Translation – An Internet standard that enables a LAN to use one set of IP addresses for internal (private) traffic and a second set of addresses for external (public) traffic. NIC Network Interface Controller – The network interface for a PC/workstation that provides Ethernet connectivity. Depending on the computer, the NIC can either be built into the motherboard, or be an expansion card. Some computers (e.g., servers) have multiple NICs, each indentified by a unique IP address.
P PLDM Path Loss Data Message – A packet message that is sent by older Vipersat modems (e.g., CDM-570/L) to the VMS every sixty seconds, providing status update and operating parameter information. PSK Phase Shift Keying – A digital modulation scheme that conveys data by changing the phase of a base reference signal, the carrier wave. Different PSKs are used, depending on the data rate required and the signal integrity.
RFC RIP ROSS Request For Comment – The official publication channel for Internet standards (such as communication protocols) issued by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Routing Information Protocol Roaming Oceanic Satellite Server RS-232 A common electrical/physical standard issued by the IEEE used for point to point serial communications up to approximately 115 kb/s.
Streamload Protocol SUM A proprietary Vipersat data streaming protocol. Status Update Message – A packet message that is sent by newer Vipersat modems (e.g., SLM-5650A) to the VMS every sixty seconds, providing status update and operating parameter information. T TCP/IP TDM Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol – A standard for networking over unreliable transmission paths. See also UDP.
V VESP Vipersat External Switching Protocol – A switch-request protocol that allows external VPN equipment and Real-time proprietary applications to negotiate bandwidth requests between any two subnets on a Vipersat network. VESP is used by newer Vipersat modems (e.g., SLM-5650A) to send a switch request to the VMS to establish a new satellite link or adjust bandwidth for an existing link.
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INDEX CHAPTER 0 A acquisition mode, 1-7, 3-17 long, 3-17, 3-19 standard, 3-17, 3-19 admin FAST features, 2-4, 3-7 Vipersat mode, 2-5, 3-5 routing mode, 1-8, 2-6, 3-6 allocation method, 3-14 dynamic cycle, 3-14, 3-15 dynamic slot, 3-14, 3-15 entry channel, 3-14, 3-16 SCPC data rate, 3-25 switch type, 3-25 fixed, 3-14, 3-15 GIR, 3-14, 3-15 switch rate, 3-25 area, 3-42 authentication key, 3-43 automatic load switching, B-3 remote removal, 3-22 retry cycles, 3-22 timeout cycles, 3-22 switching, 3-17 B BPM, 1
switch type, 3-25 expansion setting, 2-5, 3-5 F FAST feature, 2-4, 3-3, 3-6, 3-7 features, 1-4 FEC, 3-39 fixed, 3-14, 3-15 flow control, 1-6 G GIR, 3-14, 3-15 switch rate, 3-25 group ID, 3-17 guaranteed information rate, 3-14, 3-15 guard band, 3-19 H heart beat, 3-11 hello interval, 3-43 home, 3-5 home state, 2-15, 3-38 code rate, 3-39 enabled, 3-39 FEC, 3-39 force modem to, 3-39 modulation, 3-39 set current configuration as, 3-39 hub redundancy, 2-14 setting, 2-5, 3-5, 3-10 I IGMP, 1-7, 2-11, 3-44 enab
code rate, 3-37 data rate, 3-37 modulation, 3-37 maximum power, 3-36 message digest key, 3-43 modem configuration, 2-11 modulation, 3-39 multicast, 1-7, 2-11 multicast routing, 3-44 N network address, 3-42 ID, 2-13, 3-10, 3-18 role, 2-3 node name, 2-13, 3-10 O OSPF, 1-6, 2-10, 3-40 area, 3-42 authentication key, 3-43 cost, 3-42 dead interval, 3-43 enable, 3-40 hello interval, 3-43 message digest key, 3-43 network address, 3-42 priority, 3-42 retransmit interval, 3-42 topology, 3-41 transmit delay, 3-42 ou
entry channel, 3-14, 3-16 fixed, 3-14, 3-15 GIR, 3-14, 3-15 automatic remote removal, 3-22 retry cycles, 3-22 timeout cycles, 3-22 burstmap multicast IP, 3-20 cycles per burst map, 3-18 data rate, 3-17 group, 3-17, 3-20, 3-23, 3-24, 3-25 ID, 3-17 guard band, 3-19 outbound IP, 3-21 power hunt, 1-8, 3-21 preamble, 3-17, 3-19 remote list table, 3-23 add entry, 3-24 delete entry, 3-25 station disabled, 3-26 station enabled, 3-26 slot capacity, 3-31 data length, 3-19 statistics, 3-26 switch delay, 3-31 to SCPC,
