Comtech EF Data is an AS9100 Rev B / ISO9001:2000 Registered Company Vipersat CDM-570/570L Satellite Network Modem Router User Guide MN/22125 Revision 1
Vipersat CDM-570/570L Satellite Network Modem Router User Guide Part number MN/22125 Document Revision 1 Firmware Version 1.6.11/2.6.
COMTECH EF DATA VIPERSAT Network Products Group 3215 Skyway Court Fremont, CA 94539 USA Phone: (510) 252-1462 Fax: (510) 252-1695 www.comtechefdata.com Part Number: MN/22125 Revision: 1 Firmware Version: 1.6.11/2.6.11 ©2012 by Comtech EF Data, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be copied or reproduced without prior written permission of Comtech EF Data, Inc. IMPORTANT NOTE: The information contained in this document supersedes all previously published information regarding this product.
Document Revision History Revision Date Description 0 1/16/08 Revisions for firmware version 1.5.4. Document part number changed from 22125 to MN/22125. 1 11/08/12 Update content to reflect NP v1.6.11/2.6.11. New Features: Dynamic Entry Channel Mode (ECMv2).
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Table of Contents General Set the Vipersat Configuration . . . . 2-11 How to Use This Manual . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 Manual Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 Chapter 1 — General . . . . . . . . . 1-1 Chapter 2 — Quick Start Configuration 1-1 Chapter 3 — Using the Command Line Interface (CLI) . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2 Appendix A — Network Addressing . . 1-2 Appendix B — Automatic Switching . . 1-2 Appendix C — Dynamic Power Control1-2 Appendix D — ECM Migration . . . . .
Base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-22 Remote Count . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-22 Set Remote Policies . . . . . . . . . 3-22 Delete Remote . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-25 Enable/Disable Remote . . . . . . . 3-25 View Remote(s) . . . . . . . . . . . 3-25 Remove Timeout . . . . . . . . . . 3-26 Remove Retry Timeout . . . . . . . 3-26 LNB LO Frequency . . . . . . . . . . 3-27 BUC LO Frequency . . . . . . . . . . 3-27 Satellite Frequency Conversion . . . . 3-28 STDMA Statistics . . . . . . . . . . .
Receive Modulation Type Vipersat Summary . . . . . . Vipersat Migration . . . . . . UDP Port Base Address . . . Alerts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-67 3-67 3-69 3-69 3-70 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The OSI Reference Model. . . . . . . . . . Layers 1 – 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Binary Math . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IP Addressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IP Address Classes . . . . . . . . . . .
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List of Figures Chapter 2 Figures Figure 2-1 Main Menu screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4 Figure 2-2 Administration screen . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4 Figure 2-3 Feature Configuration screen . . . . . 2-5 Figure 2-4 FAST Feature Code dialog . . . . . . . 2-5 Figure 2-5 Working Mode dialog . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6 Figure 2-6 Ethernet Interface screen . . . . . . . . 2-7 Figure 2-7 Configuring the Route Table screen 2-9 Figure 2-8 Tx Configuration screen . . . . . . . .
Figure 3-61 ToS Delete prompt . . . . . . . . . . . 3-46 Figure 3-62 ToS View screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-47 Figure 3-63 Hitless Switching screen . . . . . . . 3-47 Figure 3-64 Set LockTime prompt . . . . . . . . . 3-48 Figure 3-65 VMS Routes in Route Table . . . . 3-49 Figure 3-66 Unit Role prompt . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-50 Figure 3-67 Expansion Unit prompt . . . . . . . . 3-50 Figure 3-68 Network ID prompt . . . . . . . . . . . 3-51 Figure 3-69 Unit Name prompt . . . . . . . . . . . .
Appendix C Figures Figure C-1 Data Rate to Power Relationship, DPC C-5 Figure C-2 Excessive Max Power Example . . .C-6 Figure C-3 DPC Configuration screen, CLI . . .C-9 Figure C-4 DPC dialog, Parameter Editor . . .C-10 Figure C-5 DPC Calculate Max Power screen, CLI C-12 Figure C-6 DPC Calibration dialog, Parameter Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-12 Figure C-7 Signal Power Levels, Remote SiteC-15 Figure D-1 STDMA Configuration Page, Remote CDM-570/L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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List of Tables Chapter 2 Tables Table 2-1 CDM-570/570L Network Roles and Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3 Table 2-2 Vipersat Feature Configuration . . . . 2-6 Appendix B Tables Table B-1 STDMA ACK Message . . . . . . . . . .B-5 Table B-2 ToS Switching Settings . . . . . . . . .B-19 Appendix C Tables Table C-1 DPC Parameters, Main Menu . . . . .C-7 Table C-2 DPC Parameters, Calculate Max Power Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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CHAPTER GENERAL How to Use This Manual This manual documents the enhanced Vipersat features and functions of the CDM-570/570L Satellite Network Modem Router, and guides the user in how to configure this product for use in a Vipersat network. The material covered addresses only those areas specific to a CDM-570/570L running in Vipersat mode, and complements the universal features and functions described in the CDM-570/570L Installation and Operation Manual.
How to Use This Manual Chapter 3 — Using the Command Line Interface (CLI) Describes the use of the CLI for configuring and monitoring the CDM-570/ 570L in a Vipersat network. Each CLI screen is presented along with a detailed description and related commands. Appendix A — Network Addressing Supplemental reference information on binary math and network addressing to assist with integrating the CDM-570/570L into a Vipersat network.
How to Use This Manual Caution: Explanatory text that notifies the reader of possible consequences of an action. Warning: Explanatory text that notifies the reader of potential harm as the result of an action. The following documents are referenced in this manual, and provide supplementary information for the reader: • CDM-570/570L Modem Installation and Operation Manual (Part Number MN/CDM570L.IOM) • CDD-564L Quad Demodulator Installation and Operation Manual (Part Number MN/CDD564L.
Product Description Product Description Introduction The Vipersat CDM-570 and CDM-570L (L-band) Satellite Network Modem Routers offer state of the art performance and reliability in a sophisticated and cost-effective 1RU package. The CDM-570/570L integrates router functionality into the modem, completely eliminating external serial port cabling, and allowing connection of a 10/100 Base-T LAN/WAN directly to the modem.
P r o d u c t D e s c r i p t io n • Multi-Transponder Mode (MTM) Functions • Dynamic Power Control (DPC) for Environment or Mesh Links • Upstream Bandwidth Management Switching for Application, Load, Scheduled, Manual, or VESP • Dynamic SCPC (dSCPC) Bandwidth-On-Demand • 10/100BaseT Ethernet LAN/WAN Interface • Per Route IP Filtering • Multi-Protocol Support • Built-In Header and Payload Compression for Improved Satellite Bandwidth Efficiencies • Built-In Quality of Service (QoS) Functions for Traffic Pri
Product Description Turbo Product Coding The Comtech Vipersat CDM-570/570L incorporates a Turbo Product Codec (TPC). TPC is an FEC technique that delivers significant performance improvement when compared to Viterbi with concatenated Reed-Solomon. TPC simultaneously offers increased coding gain, lower decoding delay, and significant bandwidth savings.
P r o d u c t D e s c r i p t io n New in this Release The following firmware versions incorporate a number of additional features and enhancements. 1.6.11/2.6.11 Release Dynamic Entry Channel Mode Dynamic ECM (ECMv2) utilizes a modified slotted Aloha method for Remotes to establish registration in the network and obtain the means for switching into SCPC mode.
C u s t o m e r S up p o r t Customer Support Contact Information Contact Comtech Vipersat Networks Customer Support for information or assistance with product support, service, or training on any Vipersat product. Mail: 3215 Skyway Court Fremont, CA 94539 USA Phone: 1+510-252-1462 Fax: 1+510-252-1695 Email: supportcvni@comtechefdata.com Web: www.comtechefdata.com ext.
CHAPTER QUICK START CONFIGURATION Introduction This chapter describes the minimum configuration of a Vipersat CDM-570/ 570L Modem/Router that is necessary in order for the equipment to function in a Vipersat network. The Vipersat CDM-570/570L stores its configuration in an ASCII file named the PARAM (parameter) file. Equipment configuration is typically performed through the use of the Command Line Interface (CLI), particularly the initial configuration.
I n i t i a l C o n f i gu r a t i o n Caution: Do not connect the TX cable until the modem is properly configured, and the Home State is verified and Saved. Caution: Do not connect the TX and RX cables to test equipment without the use of a DC voltage block. If BUC or LNB power is disabled through the CLI, the setting must be Saved to prevent accidental re-enabling during modem reboot or power-cycle.
I n i t i a l C o n f i g u r a t io n Network Role The first and most important step prior to configuring the CDM-570/570L is to define its network role. The CDM-570/570L is a flexible network component able to perform different functions depending on how it is used in a network. The role that is defined for each CDM-570/570L will determine what functions are available for each unit to fill its role.
I n i t i a l C o n f i gu r a t i o n Use the following procedure to configure a CDM-570/570L to the network role it is to fill in a Vipersat network. 1. From the Main Menu shown in figure 2-1, select the Administration command by entering A at the command prompt. Figure 2-1 Main Menu screen 2. From the Administration screen shown in figure 2-2, select the Features Configuration command by entering F at the command prompt.
I n i t i a l C o n f i g u r a t io n 3. From the Feature Configuration menu shown in figure 2-3, verify whether or not the Vipersat Feature Codes are Available (appears as shown in the figure). These codes are entered prior to shipment from the factory; however, if the codes display as Unavailable, they will have to be re-entered. Figure 2-3 Feature Configuration screen To enter the feature code, enter Y at the command prompt, then enter the 20 digit FAST Feature Code, as shown in figure 2-4.
I n i t i a l C o n f i gu r a t i o n Figure 2-5 Working Mode dialog 5. When the reboot is completed, return to the Feature Configuration screen and configure the settings for Vipersat STDMA and Auto Switching according to the table below. Table 2-2 Vipersat Feature Configuration Unit Role Hub Hub Expansion Remote Remote Expansion 6.
I n i t i a l C o n f i g u r a t io n Figure 2-6 Ethernet Interface screen 2. Enter I at the command prompt, and enter the designated IP address for this unit. 3. Save the settings to flash by entering S at the command prompt. Configure the Route Table Routing in a Vipersat Network CDM-570/570L Modem Routers operating in Vipersat mode do not use the small or large network described in the CDM-570/570L Installation and Operation Manual.
I n i t i a l C o n f i gu r a t i o n Class B in half and points the upper half toward the satellite there will be over 16000 usable addresses at the Hub as well as at the Remotes. For details on IP addressing, refer to Appendix A, "Network Addressing". By putting the one route statement “Remotes 172.16.128.0/17 Wan to Sat” in the TDM Hub modem, and by using the route statement “GW 0.0.0.0/0 Wan to Sat” at each of the remote modems, the network will successfully route packets.
I n i t i a l C o n f i g u r a t io n Figure 2-7 Configuring the Route Table screen In a Hub configuration, the default route will typically point to a router on the same LAN as the CDM-570/570L Hub unit. In a Remote configuration, the default route will typically point to the satellite modem used for communications back to the Hub. 3. When prompted, enter the Route Name (GW), the IP Address, the Number of Bits in the subnet mask, the Route Interface (Ethernet or Satellite), and the Next Hop address.
I n i t i a l C o n f i gu r a t i o n Address must be defined also. Otherwise, this route is automatically created and can be viewed with the Display command. 4. Enter S at the command prompt in figure 2-7 to save the settings to flash. Set the Satellite Modem Configuration NOTE 1. Enter M from the Main Menu, then enter C from the Satellite Modem menu to access the Configuration screen. 2. Enter T to access the Tx Configuration screen shown in figure 2-8.
I n i t i a l C o n f i g u r a t io n Set the Vipersat Configuration 1. Enter V at the Main Menu command prompt shown in figure 2-1 to select the Vipersat Configuration menu shown in figure 2-9. Figure 2-9 Vipersat Configuration screen (Hub) 2. Enter R at the command prompt to toggle the Unit Role to either Hub or Remote. This parameter will determine the role the target CDM-570/570L will perform in the network and what type of commands and functions it will receive from the VMS. 3.
I n i t i a l C o n f i gu r a t i o n units in the network that are managed by the VMS. The Receive Multicast Address of this CDM-570/570L must match the Transmit Multicast Address that has been assigned to the VMS. 7. Enter I at the command prompt to set the Managing IP Address. The Managing IP Address is the IP address of the VMS server. 8. Management Security (Optional) If this is an encrypted network, enter K at the command prompt to configure Vipersat Management Security. 9.
CHAPTER USING THE COMMAND LINE INTERFACE (CLI) General This chapter describes the use of the CLI for configuring and monitoring the CDM-570/570L Modem Router in a Vipersat network. Each CLI screen related to a CDM-570/570L operating in Vipersat mode is presented, along with a detailed description of the available commands. For descriptions of all other screens, refer to the CDM-570/570L Installation and Operation Manual.
General Common Screen Commands The following commands appear on each of the menu screens: Save Parameters to Permanent Storage To Save the current parameter settings to permanent storage, enter S at the command prompt. This command saves all data that has been entered from any of the CLI screens since the last save was executed. Exiting a screen without saving after parameters have been changed does not mean that the changes are not applied.
Menu Descriptions Menu Descriptions This section details the CLI command menus and briefly discusses the function of each of the commands available on each menu. Main Menu The Main Menu, shown in figure 3-1, allows configuring both the modem and router functions of the target CDM-570/570L.
Menu Descriptions Figure 3-2 Administration screen Ensure that the Working Mode is set to Router-Vipersat. If it is not, enter C at the command prompt and change the setting by selecting 4, as shown in figure 3-3. The unit will automatically reboot in order to implement the change for this setting. Figure 3-3 Working Mode dialog NOTE Note: If the Router-Vipersat option does not appear as a selection, the Vipersat Feature Code has not yet been entered into this unit.
Menu Descriptions Feature Configuration The Feature Configuration screen shown in figure 3-4 allows the Enabling and Disabling of the major Vipersat CDM-570/570L features.
Menu Descriptions Figure 3-5 FAST Feature Code dialog Tip: Contact either the network administrator or Comtech Vipersat Networks Customer Support to obtain the FAST Feature code. A convenient option is to use the Vipersat Vload utility to manage Feature codes. Vipersat Management This item is an information only display and indicates whether Vipersat Management is enabled or disabled in the target Vipersat CDM-570/570L.
Menu Descriptions See the section “STDMA/SCPC Automatic Switching” on page 3-31 for more details on the use of this feature. For additional information, refer to Appendix B, “Automatic Switching,”. Vipersat File Streamer Vipersat File Streamer (VFS) is an optional feature that allows rapid file transfers over the satellite network between host PCs that are running the client VFS application.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Vipersat Configuration Enter V at the command prompt from the CDM-570/570L Main Menu shown in figure 3-1 to display the Vipersat Configuration screen shown in figure 3-6. Figure 3-6 Vipersat Configuration screen (Hub) This menu lists the available commands for configuring a Vipersat CDM-570/ 570L. Note that for the Hub modem only, the command Primary Heart Beat is displayed in the Vipersat Configuration screen.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Figure 3-7 STDMA screen (Hub, Dynamic Cycle type) Figure 3-8 STDMA screen (Remote) STDMA This menu item is read-only and shows the current state of STDMA in the CDM-570/570L. In order to change the STDMA state in the CDM-570/570L, refer to the section “Feature Configuration” on page 3-5. STDMA Tx Rate This menu item shows the STDMA transmit rate in bps. This item is read-only and cannot be modified in this menu.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Hub Type This menu item is only displayed if the CDM-570/570L is being used as a Hub in the network, and provides the functionality for the STDMA Burst Controller. Vipersat STDMA has six modes of operation: • Fixed — all remotes get the same data slot time (slot size) in the cycle, regardless of activity. Cycle time is fixed also. • Dynamic Slot — data slot time of remotes vary according to activity, cycle time does not.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n 1 – Fixed In the Fixed mode, all remotes have the same data slot size regardless of type of traffic or load. This mode minimizes the amount of jitter between remote transmission times, and is useful for tuning STDMA as well as for troubleshooting purposes. 2 – Dynamic Slot In the Dynamic Slot mode, slot size is adjusted each cycle depending on the activity during the previous cycle.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n The GIR setting for each Remote is specified using the STDMA Remote Policies screen (refer to the section “Set Remote Policies” on page 3-22). When combined with Auto switching, GIR allows trigger points to be set where the Remote will jump out into SCPC mode. This is done using the Load Switch setting.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n until it registers with the VMS and receives assignment into dSCPC, or until all necessary transactions are completed. The slot is then released for use by another Remote unit that is attempting to enter the channel. Remotes can be set to one of four operating modes—Disable, Offline, Wait, and Online—from the ECMv2 Mode command in the STDMA menu.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Group ID The STDMA Group ID number defines a group of equipment (Hub and Remote units) that will respond to the output of a single STDMA burst controller. This group is addressable within a network which, in turn, is defined by the Network ID number assigned to the CDM-570/570L. Allocation of bandwidth is shared among the remotes in an STDMA group.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Figure 3-12 STDMA Max Power Hunt prompt Low Data Rate Fast Acquisition Configurable on a Hub Burst Controller only. This menu item is a toggle used to Enable or Disable the Vipersat Burst Fast Acquisition Timing (BFAT) feature that functions at low data rates (64 kbps to 256 kbps). This feature allows for significantly faster acquisition times at these data rates, even with higher noise, resulting in improved efficiency of the shared STDMA channel.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Figure 3-13 Burstmap Multicast IP prompt Outbound IP This menu item, which appears for all Hub configurations, displays the current Outbound IP address. This specifies the Hub device that is supplying the TDM outbound to the satellite (typically a CDM-570/570L). Specifying this address is necessary when configuring a Hub that utilizes a burst controller that is a separate device from the TDM modem.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n For Dynamic Cycle and GIR configurations, the number of cycles is automatically set to one in order to ensure optimum performance for these Hub types. This parameter can be modified from the Hub CDM-570/570L by entering a C at the command prompt as shown in figure 3-15. Figure 3-15 Cycles per Burst Map prompt On Remote units, this menu item is an information-only display.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Slot Preamble Length This menu item, which appears in all Hub and Remote configurations, displays the current Slot Preamble size in milliseconds and bytes for the remotes in the group. The Slot Preamble is the period between when the remote begins to transmit (sends an ACK) to the Hub and when the first data packet is sent. This allows time for signal lock to occur before data is sent, thus preventing data loss.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n • ECMv2 – Slot Data Length On a Hub unit, entering B and M at the command prompt brings up the dialogs for specifying the data length in milliseconds for the target CDM-570/570L, as shown in figure 3-18. Figure 3-18 Slot Data Length (Nominal) On Remote units, this menu item is an information-only display. Total Slot Count This menu item appears for Hub units operating in ECMv2 only.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Slot Cycle Length This menu item is for information only and displays the Slot Cycle Length in milliseconds and bytes for the remotes in the group. This value represents the total amount of time—preamble, data length, and guardband—allocated to the remote modem during one spin cycle.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n The menu shown in figure 3-20 is used to define and make modifications to the Remotes that belong to the STDMA group for the Hub burst controller, as well as to display each Remote’s burstmap status information. Adding a Remote to the STDMA Group Entering the item number for the Remote modem/router brings up the dialog shown in figure 3-21. A prompt to enter the Name for the Remote unit appears, followed by a prompt to enter the IP Address.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n • CF – This Remote has not sent an acknowledgement to the burst controller since it was enabled. Base Entering a B at the command prompt in figure 3-20 allows entering the Remote number to start displaying remotes in this menu screen. Entering the number 1, as shown in figure 3-20, displays nine remotes, 1 through 9. If the number 4 had been entered, the display would show the nine remotes starting with remote 4 (i.e., remotes 4 through 12).
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Figure 3-23 STDMA Remote Policies screen (GIR Hub) Entering the Remote number at the command prompt in figure 3-23 allows the Guaranteed Information Rate and the Automatic Load Switch Rate for that Remote to be set, as shown in figure 3-24. Note that the Available Bandwidth is displayed for reference in this screen to assist with entering the appropriate rates. The cycle length for GIR is limited to a maximum of one second.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Figure 3-25 Entry Channel Switch Rates screen Entering the Remote number at the command prompt in figure 3-25 allows the SCPC Data Rate and the Switch Type for that Remote to be set, as shown in figure 3-26. Switch type 0 corresponds to Load Switching; switch types 64 through 255 are user-defined, and must match VMS policies.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Similarly, the Global Switch Type command can be used to set the switch type for all or a majority of the Remotes. Enter H at the command prompt. Figure 3-28 Global Switch Type prompt Delete Remote Entering D at the command prompt shown in figure 3-20 brings up the Delete Remote dialog shown in figure 3-29.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Figure 3-31 View Remote(s) screen The display is for information only and pressing any key will return the screen to the menu shown in figure 3-20. Remove Timeout Entering R at the command prompt shown in figure 3-20 will display the Remove Timeout dialog shown in figure 3-32. Note that this menu item shows the current setting (in seconds) for this parameter.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Figure 3-33 Remove Retry Timeout prompt When a Remote is removed from the STDMA group, as described in the section “Remove Timeout” above, entering a value in the Remove Retry Timeout dialog defines the amount of time (in seconds) that is allowed to pass before a retry attempt is made to return the removed Remote to the group.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Enter B at the command prompt and specify the correct BUC Local Oscillator frequency (MHz) that this Remote will be transmitting. Figure 3-35 BUC LO Frequency prompt Satellite Frequency Conversion This menu item appears for the ECMv2 Hub type only. This parameter, together with the LNB LO Frequency setting, is critical for determining RF frequency translations between Hub and Remote offsets or data spectral inversions. Take care in setting these correctly.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Figure 3-37 STDMA Statistics screen (Hub) Figure 3-38 STDMA Statistics screen (Remote) The window of time that is used to average the accumulation of statistics can be set by entering W at the command prompt in the Hub screen, then entering the number of seconds (from 1 to 20). To clear (reset to 0) these statistics, enter C at the command prompt.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Figure 3-39 Hub Statistics screen Statistics in the received ACK from each Remote are monitored by the Burst Controller. These statistics report the fill status of the burst data slot for each Remote. The Burst Controller builds a table of the group and calculates the relative data byte count for each Remote. It then calculates the length of the data slot for each Remote based on the Minimum Slot Length plus a percentage of the Available Bandwidth.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n • (Blank) – Remote either has been manually Disabled, such as through the STDMA Remotes Menu Enable/Disable command, or has been switched out of STDMA to SCPC mode by the VMS. STDMA/SCPC Automatic Switching One of the most powerful features of the Vipersat CDM-570/570L is the capability to perform Automatic switching between STDMA mode and SCPC mode based on bandwidth demand.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Figure 3-40 STDMA/SCPC Auto Switching screen (Hub) Load switching is controlled by both the Hub and the Remote, and thus related commands appear in both screens. The initial Load switch request is made by the Hub. Once in SCPC mode, subsequent Load switch requests (Step Up, Step Down) are made by the Remote. Application switching, ToS switching, and QoS switching are controlled by the Remote, and thus appear only in the Remote Auto Switching screen.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Note that Auto Switching must be Enabled on a Hub STDMA Controller that is configured for Entry Channel mode. Current WAN Transmit Mode The Current WAN Transmit Mode item is for information only and reflects the current status (STDMA mode or SCPC mode) of the CDM-570/570L. If the CDM-570/570L is functioning as a Hub in the network, this item will always read Continuous as shown in figure 3-40.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Entering O at the command prompt toggles the Voice Switch Detection command for the CDM-570/570L between Enabled and Disabled. When enabled, a voice data-stream will be detected, causing the CDM-570/570L to send a switch request to the VMS to switch from STDMA to SCPC mode. Video Switch Detection This menu item appears for Remote modems only. Video Switch Detection is one of the Application switching commands that provides for a dedicated SCPC connection when an H.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n VESP (Vipersat External Switching Protocol) or, in legacy VMS systems, via an ASR (Automatic Switch Request) message. The VMS switch detector service then applies the required or requested bandwidth using policies which have been pre-configured in the VMS. Refer to the VMS User’s Guide for details. For example, if in a non-encrypted network a voice application service connection is started, the CDM-570/570L’s classifier analyzes signaling and data protocols (H.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Configure QoS Rules The Vipersat CDM-570/570L is capable of performing automatic switching based on the QoS rules for a Remote modem. QoS rules can be assigned to different flow types that are user-defined by any combination of traffic type protocol (FTP, UDP, RTP, etc.), source/destination IP (specific or range), and/ or Layer 3 source/destination port.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n The QoS mode that is chosen will determine the settable parameters for defining QoS rules. Enter Q at the command prompt in figure 3-42 to access the QoS Rules Configuration screen. The example shown in figure 3-44 is for Max/Priority mode. Figure 3-44 QoS Rules Configuration screen, Max/Priority Mode Enter D at the prompt in figure 3-42 to access the DiffServ Rules Configuration screen.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Configure the desired number of rules that are necessary for the applications to be used for this network. Refer to the CDM-570/570L Installation and Operation Manual for details on configuring QoS Rules for the CDM-570/570L. Configure QoS Rules Based Switching Enter V at the command prompt in figure 3-42 to access the QoS Rules Based Switching screen for the Remote modem, as shown in figure 3-46.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n between 200 and 500 msecs. For higher traffic priority, a lower latency is desired. Voice traffic, for example, would call for a setting of 200 msecs to minimize latency effects. Valid range is 200 to 5000 msecs. Enable WAN SAR Packet Segmentation and Reassembly (SAR) can be enabled for QoS. With this feature, packets are made smaller to speed them through the network and to satisfy specified packet size restrictions for a given path.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n affected by this setting. However, using Load switching for real-time applications is not recommended. STDMA Slot Capacity This menu item appears for Hub modems only. The STDMA Slot Capacity command allows setting the threshold or level of slot capacity at which the Burst Controller sends a switch request to the VMS to switch the Remote from STDMA mode to SCPC mode.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Percent Allocation This menu item appears for Hub modems only. The Percent Allocation menu item allows adding a fixed percentage to the channel bandwidth request to accommodate additional bandwidth requirements which may occur after the switch is made from STDMA to SCPC mode. Typically the default value (10%) will be sufficient, but if there may be a larger bandwidth requirement after the switch, the percent allocation value can be increased.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n SCPC Step Down Threshold This menu item appears for Remote modems only. The SCPC Step Down Threshold establishes the percentage of bandwidth use that will trigger a switch down from the present SCPC rate to a lower rate to ensure efficient bandwidth usage.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n The SCPC Step Down Delay feature provides a switching delay period to ensure that a premature switch down in the SCPC rate does not occur due to a temporary fall in traffic. A default value (60 seconds) is provided, but this parameter can be modified by entering V at the command prompt in the Auto Switching screen to display the dialog shown in figure 3-53. Figure 3-54 SCPC Step Down Delay prompt SCPC Step Up Excess This menu item appears for Remote modems only.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n map containing a large number (up to 100) of remotes running in ECM mode where the burst period exceeds the Remote carrier inhibit timer. When implemented, this parameter is set at either the TDM outbound unit or a switched demod, not at the STDMA Controller, in order to prevent a problem should the burst controller be rebooted. Enter C at the command prompt in the Auto Switching screen to display the dialog shown in figure 3-56.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Note that this timer setting should be at least three times greater (longer in duration) than the timer setting at the Hub to ensure that the network link is maintained. ToS Switching Parameters This menu item appears for Remote modems only. When ToS switching is enabled on a CDM-570/570L, the parameters for ToS switching must be defined by entering P from the STDMA/SCPC Auto Switching screen (see figure 3-41).
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n • Enter Name for TOS ID [ ] - At the prompt, enter a user-defined text label for circuit identification. • Enter the TOS ID - Enter an integer value in the range of 1 to 63. Entering a value of 0 will result in no switch. • Enter the Switch Type - Enter an integer value in the range of 64 to 254 at the prompt to inform the VMS what switching policy to use. Entering a value of 0 will result in no switch.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n NOTE Note: The value shown in the TOS Value column is the TOS ID associated with the ToS entry to be deleted. View Entering a V at the command prompt will display the Internal TOS Table for active entries as shown in figure 3-62. Note that, due to binary conversion, the ID value is a multiple of 4 and the Timout value is a multiple of 2.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n This screen will initially display all lock times as -1, indicating that Hitless Switching is currently disabled. To enable the Hitless Switching feature, enter R at the command prompt to restore default lock times. Delay for Mod This parameter allows the operator to insert additional delay to buffer more data after modulator transmission is ceased. Enter M to modify this parameter.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n to its default gateway, specifying the new hop router for the Remote. This will ensure that the edge router has a current table of routes to all of the remote sites. Refer to the Vipersat VMS User Guide for implementation details.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Vipersat Configuration screen (figure 3-6), enter R to display the dialog shown in figure 3-66. Figure 3-66 Unit Role prompt The choice made in this command will determine the role the target CDM-570/ 570L will perform in the network and what type of commands and functions it will receive from the VMS. Refer to table 2-1 and table 2-2 for a breakdown of network roles and related functions and features.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Network ID The Network ID that is assigned to the unit defines to what network the target CDM-570/570L will belong. All units used in a network will have the same Network ID. Enter B at the command prompt in the Vipersat Configuration screen (figure 3-6) to display the dialog shown in figure 3-68.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n When the CDM-570/570L receives a multicast from the VMS server, it receives maintenance and control packets, including the server’s IP address. The CDM-570/570L responds to the VMS server with a unicast containing its current configuration data, including the CDM-570/570L’s IP address. When the VMS receives the unicast response, it registers the CDM-570/570L on the network.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Once the modem is registered, the I command is removed from the Vipersat Configuration menu. This managing address is automatically updated on a periodic basis for modems that are newly enabled, incorrectly set, or following VMS changeovers (redundancy switching). The status of the registration process is displayed for this parameter as follows: • NOT-DEFINED — modem has booted up, but is unaware of the managing address.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n If the FAST feature key for Management Security has been purchased for the target modem, then it will appear as a menu item on the Vipersat Configuration screen (figure 3-6). Enter K at the command prompt to configure this feature, as shown in figure 3-72, below. Figure 3-72 Vipersat Management Security screen Enter M at the command prompt to toggle between Enabled/Disabled. Note that the feature must be set to Enabled in order to configure the encryption key.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Primary Heart Beat This menu item appears for the Hub modem only. The Primary Heart Beat feature is a redundancy heart beat message for primary Hub units that provides the option for a periodic communications check message to be sent from the Hub modem to the VMS for backup recovery in N:M redundancy (protected) configurations. The message interval is hard-coded in the modem.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n power levels. The information and commands in the menu will vary depending on the function that the target CDM-570/570L performs in the network. The screen shown in figure 3-74 is for a Hub or Remote operating in STDMA mode. For comparison, the DPC Config screen for a unit operating as a Hub or Remote with Expansion (SCPC mode) is shown in figure 3-75. Note that only the applicable settings appear in this screen.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n DPC Enabled The DPC Enabled command (enter E) is a toggle that allows the DPC feature to be either Enabled or Disabled. The CDM-570/570L is shipped with the DPC Enabled menu item turned off (Disabled) to allow entrance link levels calibration during terminal setup. Max Power The commissioning of a satellite terminal must comply with the calculated link budget that is conducted before terminal installation.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Calibrated Data Rate This menu item is for information only and displays the Calibrated Data Rate in kbps for the target CDM-570/570L. This value is pulled from the Home State, and is the base value data rate from initial configuration and commissioning. There is a proportional relationship between data rate and power level; as the data rate increases, there is a corresponding increase in transmit power level, and vice versa.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n is recommended; although DPC will function using Viterbi, this type requires significantly more power to operate and is not recommended. Enter F at the command prompt to set this parameter. Calculate Max Power Once all of the Max Power parameters have been set, enter A at the command prompt to execute the maximum power calculation for this site.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Enter Q at the command prompt in the DPC Configuration screen to display the Speed Up EbNo dialog shown in figure 3-78. The default value for this parameter is 5 dB. Figure 3-78 Speed Up EbNo prompt Target DPC Address The Target DPC Address identifies the modem that is transmitting to this CDM-570/570L, and will be receiving the DPC messages that provide the current Eb/No value for this CDM-570/570L.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n BaseLine Power The BaseLine Power is an information only display, and is a function of the power given to the modem by the VMS for the last switch command based on link budget calculations. At boot up and prior to receiving a switch command, this value will match the Nominal Power Level (Home State value). The given modem power is the sum of the BaseLine Power and either the DPC Offset or the SOTM Offset.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n CDM-570/570L goes to a configuration which is optimum for its function in the network. Enter H at the command prompt in the Vipersat Configuration screen to display the Home State Configuration screen shown in figure 3-80. Note that each of these Transmit and Receive parameters are the same as found in the Tx Configuration and the Rx Configuration screens that are in the Satellite Modem Configuration menu.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Force Modem to Home State If at any time it is desired to have a CDM-570/570L return to its Home State, this command (enter Y) can be executed. The Home State parameter values are “forced” into the Base Modem configuration so that they match. The Base Modem parameters will be updated to reflect the configuration that has been set from this menu. A warning message is displayed as shown in figure 3-81, requiring the command to be confirmed before it is executed.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Figure 3-83 Transmit Data Rate prompt Note that the valid range for this parameter will vary depending on the Modulation Type, Coding Rate, and FAST feature Data Rate. Transmit FEC Type Enter C at the command prompt to use the dialog shown in Figure 3-84 to enter the FEC Coding Type for the CDM-570/570L’s Home State. Turbo must be selected when operating in Vipersat mode.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Transmit Modulation Type Entering E at the command prompt to use the dialog shown in figure 3-86 to set the Transmit Modulation Type for the target CDM-570/570L’s Home State. Figure 3-86 Transmit Modulation Type prompt Transmit Power Level Enter F at the command prompt to use the dialog shown in Figure 3-87 to set the Transmit Power Level for the target CDM-570/570L’s Home State.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Figure 3-88 Receive Frequency prompt Note that this screen dialog example displays the frequency range for the CDM570L L-Band modem. For the CDM-570, the range displayed will be either 50 to 90 MHz or 100 to 180 MHz. Receive Data Rate Enter N at the command prompt to use the dialog shown in Figure 3-89 to set the Receive Data Rate for the target CDM-570/570L’s Home State.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Receive Coding Rate Enter P at the command prompt to use the dialog shown in Figure 3-91 to set the Receive Coding Rate for the target CDM-570/570L’s Home State. Figure 3-91 Receive Coding Rate prompt Note that Coding Rates 3 (1/2), 4 (2/3), and 8 (1/1) are not valid selections when operating in Vipersat mode with Turbo Product Coding.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Figure 3-93 Vipersat Summary screen (Hub) The Node ID number that appears in this screen verifies that the unit is registered with the VMS and is active in the network. This number is automatically assigned by the VMS. The two frequency listings are for the modulator (0) and the demodulator (1) for the CDM-570/570L. The IF values represent the Intermediate Frequency (Hz) that this unit is currently using.
V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Vipersat Migration The Vipersat Migration command is used to set the compatibility mode for the Hub Burst Controller when conducting a firmware upgrade on the associated CDM-570/570L Remotes. Although this command appears in the menu for both the Hub modem and the Remote modem, it only applies to STDMA Controllers and TDM Outbound modems at the Hub.
V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Caution: This command affects all communications for the VMS and STDMA. If the base address is changed, it must be changed in the VMS as well as in all modems in all networks controlled by the VMS. The base address must also be changed when using VLOAD with this network. Alerts The Alerts menu item in the Vipersat Configuration screen is for information only and serves to display alert messages to the operator.
APPENDIX NETWORK ADDRESSING Introduction This Appendix is an overview of network addressing and how it applies to configuring the CDM-570/570L for use in Vipersat Networks.
The OSI Reference Model The OSI Reference Model OSI is an acronym for Open Systems Interconnection. This is a network model created by ISO (the International Standardization Organization.) The OSI model is the basic standard which forms the basis for all networking protocols. Figure A-1 The Seven OSI Protocol Layers The OSI model defines the building blocks used to construct a working network protocol as shown in Figure A-1.
The OSI Reference Model Together, these two sub-layer protocols are responsible for moving packets on and off the network. Layer 3 / Network Layer – Layer 3 is responsible for routing packets through multiple networks. The Layer 3 protocol operates without regard to the underlying protocols in use. For example, routers operate at Layer 3.
B i na r y Ma t h Binary Math Network devices communicate using BITS, where a bit is a single digit represented by a 1 or a 0, or by using BYTEs, where a byte is made up of eight bits in any combination of 1’s or 0’s. A byte is also referred to as an octet. Figure A-2 Bits and Bytes An octet can be converted to or from binary using the technique shown in the decimal conversion chart in Figure A-3. The conversion chart also shows the decimal equivalent of the binary number.
B i n ar y M at h changed the numbering base (radix.) All digital processes are done in binary. The conversion to decimal is done whenever binary values need to be read or entered by humans as their decimal equivalents.
I P Ad d r e s s i n g IP Addressing An IP (Internet Protocol) address is a unique set of numbers assigned to a device on a network to uniquely identify that device (by its IP address). An IP address is a unique number composed of four octets, with each octet separated by a dot. This notation style is called dotted decimal notation. Each IP address can be broken down into two parts, as shown in the example below: Example: 128.121.188.201 The first two octets are the network ID: 128.
I P A d d r e s s in g • 16-bit network number • 16-bit node number CLASS A CLASS B CLASS C Address Class HighOrder-Bits 1st Octet Decimal Range Networks Available Hosts Available Class A 0 1-126.x.y.z 126 16,777,214 Class B 10 128-191.x.y.z 16,384 65,534 Class C 110 192-223.x.y.z 2,097,152 254 Figure A-4 IP Address Classes A, B, C Class C • 192.0.1.x to 223.255.254.
I P Ad d r e s s i n g Class E • 240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255 • Reserved for experimental use and limited broadcast Private Network IP Addresses RFC 1918 defines blocks of addresses for use on private networks: • 10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255 • 172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255 • 192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.
I P A d d r e s s in g In the process of subnetting, bits are borrowed from the host ID portion of an IP address and are then given to the network ID. Then a “Subnet Mask” gets assigned to the host along with the IP address. Subnetting is required if the network is segmented. Subnet Mask The Subnet Mask is used by the host to determine if a destination IP address is on the local or on a remote network segment. The table in Figure A-6 shows the default subnet mask used for each class of IP address.
I P Ad d r e s s i n g Dotted Decimal Address Binary Values IP Address 192.168.2.66 11000000.10101000.00000010.01000010 Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 ANDing Result 192.168.2.0 11000000.10101000.00000010.00000000 Figure A-7 ANDing an IP address and a subnet mask A calculator, available from SolarWinds, performs these IP and subnet mask calculations and can be found at: http://support.solarwinds.net/updates/SelectProgramFree.
I P A d d r e s s in g Each of the four subnets can, in turn, support 64 members. The example subnet used above yielded 4 subnets, but you can use a different mask to meet the specific requirements of your network. Default Gateways A default gateway is a network device, usually a router, that is responsible for routing data packets out of the local network segment.
I P Ad d r e s s i n g • The first six characters are issued to the organization. • The second six characters are assigned to the hardware interface by manufacturing.
APPENDIX AUTOMATIC SWITCHING General Automatic switching is a feature of the VMS that allows dynamically changing the network configuration in response to changes in either network traffic loads (Load switching), traffic type (Application switching), or Type of Service (ToS switching) detecting stamped packets with Diffserv values. Entry Channel Mode switching is also covered.
General back to these intelligent modem/routers, effectively managing the Vipersat network operation in real time, and optimizing each site’s bandwidth usage to meet their QoS and cost requirements within their bandwidth allocation. The result is a stable satellite network connection that automatically responds to the customer’s requirements while continuously monitoring and reacting to changing load, data type, and QoS requirements.
L o a d S w i t c h in g Load Switching Overview There are three primary functional components involved in the load switching process. • Hub Controller(s)—These are the Hub units that provide the load switching detection mechanism for Remotes that are operating within the shared channel(s). Hub units that can serve as controllers include CDM570, CDD-56X, CDD-880, and SLM-5650A.
Load Switching The basic concept for all load switching is that a running average of current utilization is maintained, and when that utilization exceeds a preset threshold, a switch is initiated. The data rate for the switch is computed by determining the current bandwidth requirement of the Remote, and adding some percentage of excess margin.
L o a d S w i t c h in g Table B-1 STDMA ACK Message Data Type Size in Bytes Description Unit of Measure IP 4 IP Address of Remote N/A Unsigned 4 Queued Bytes Bytes Total number of bytes queued since last cycle (includes possible buffer overflow) Unsigned 4 Bytes in Queue Bytes Number of bytes currently queued Unsigned 1 Group Number N/A Unsigned 1 Dropped Buffers Packets Notes Used by Remote to identify itself Number of packets dropped (due to limited bandwidth) If there is ade
Load Switching • Dynamic Slot Mode – The slot size for each Remote is computed based on the time (at the current data rate) needed to transmit all the “Bytes in Queue”. If the result is less than the minimum slot size or more than the maximum slot size, the slot is adjusted accordingly. • Dynamic Cycle Mode – Available bandwidth is allocated to Remotes proportionally, based on current need.
L o a d S w i t c h in g Load Switching—STDMA Hub Before discussing how load switching is determined, it is necessary to explain the modem/router parameters that control the switch. Hub Switching Parameters The screens shown in figure B-1 (CDM-570/570L modem/router) and figure B-2 (SLM-5650A modem/router) are examples that show the entries in the Automatic Switching page at the Hub that are used to control load switching.
Load Switching • Load Switching – This is a type of Automatic Switching that is based on the amount of traffic at a Remote. If this feature is not enabled, then no Remote in this STDMA group will be switched based on load. • STDMA Slot Capacity – This is a threshold value. When the amount of outbound traffic at a Remote exceeds this percentage of the current STDMA slot capacity, a load switch is initiated.
L o a d S w i t c h in g If the average bandwidth used exceeds the threshold percentage of available bandwidth, then a flag is set indicating a switch is pending. At this point, the statistics are reset and the traffic load is then computed for the time period specified by the switch delay. At the end of this delay, if the threshold is still exceeded, a switch is initiated.
Load Switching Figure B-3 Auto Switching Menu, CDM-570/570L Remote Figure B-4 Remote Load Switching Page, SLM-5650A • Auto Switching – This is a Vipersat feature that is enabled in the CDM570/570L Features menu. If Auto Switching is not enabled, Load Switching will be ignored. There is no automatic switching enable button in the SLM-5650A modem configuration menus; the operator enables each switching function individually.
L o a d S w i t c h in g • SCPC Step Down Threshold – Similar to the Step Up Threshold, except Step Down is used to trigger a switch to a lower data rate when the average traffic load falls below the set value. • SCPC Step Delay – This is a built in latency that forces the Remote to maintain an average load for the specified period (seconds) that exceeds the switch threshold before a switch to a new data rate is actually initiated. Same as the Hub parameter STDMA Switch Delay.
Load Switching Load Switch Example An automatic load switching example, illustrated in the schematic diagram in figure B-5, illustrates how a network can respond to changes in traffic volume or load conditions. The network’s capability and method of response to load changes is determined by the setting and capability of each of the components in the system, such as the transmitter power output, the antenna capabilities for each of the sites in the network, and the policies set in VMS.
L o a d S w i t c h in g 3. The STDMA Controller compares the Remote’s pre-selected buffer limits with its buffer status and, if the buffer status exceeds the preselected limits, the STDMA Controller increases the time-slot allocated to that channel. If this brings the buffer status within established limits, no further changes are made. 4. If the buffer status continues to exceed the preselected limits, the STDMA Controller sends an ASR to the VMS. 5.
Load Switching This entire process is automatic, following the policies established for the network. The network is dynamically modified, changing configuration to automatically respond to changes to the network’s load. The Home Threshold is the bit rate set to trigger a return to the home condition. This function is used when bandwidth has been allocated to meet load requirements, and then the load has been either removed or partially removed.
A p p l i c a t i o n S w i t c h in g Application Switching NOTE Note: This Application Switching section refers to functionality of the CDM-570/ 570L modem/router. Application Switching is not available for SLM5650A modem/routers. Application switching, illustrated in figure B-6, also is capable of changing bandwidth use, but the change is determined entirely by the type of application being requested, ignoring load requirements.
Application Switching Each application type will have been assigned a bandwidth allocation when the policy for the Remote is established. The voice application, for example, might have had the bandwidth set in the policy to handle three simultaneous voice connections. When a VoIP protocol is detected in the H.225 signaling protocol, the modem/router requests the VMS to switch the bandwidth to accommodate three voice circuits. The same process applies if the protocol detected is Video.
ToS Switching ToS Switching ToS Background The Type of Service (ToS) byte is an 8-bit field contained within the IP header portion of an IPv4 packet. This field provides a means of marking packets for traffic identification and classification purposes. Devices within the network can utilize the ToS value to classify traffic and apply per hop queuing and Quality of Service (QoS) for different types of traffic. The first 3 bits of the ToS byte are referred to as IP precedence bits.
ToS Switching the clear and often provides the only mechanism for identifying and prioritize traffic within the network. The ToS switching feature in the SLM-5650A provides a reliable method for performing automatic dSCPC switching and is the preferred method for most encrypted environments that leave the IP header intact. Detection of ToS Stamped Packets The configuration and detection of ToS stamped packets occurs in the Network Processor (NP) card of the remote modem.
ToS Switching Configuration The ToS switching feature can be configured within the SLM-5650A modem using either the CLI or the Web user interface. For simplicity, the Web interface (figure B-8) will be presented in this example. Figure B-8 Remote ToS Switching menu The remote ToS switching is optioned by selecting 'Enable' or 'Disable'. In addition to the enable/disable control, the menu provides the ability to create a list of ToS Rules for which a switch will be initiated.
ToS Switching Example Implementations ToS Switching Per Device For applications that require an increase in SCPC bit rate for each application device, a separate ToS value must be assigned to each device individually. This provides granular switching for each device and also allows a mesh connection to be established for each device independently. Figure B-9 depicts a per device configuration example.
ToS Switching Figure B-10 Per Type ToS Switching Example ToS Remarking For situations where the application device is not capable of stamping a packet with a ToS value, or where the application traffic is generated by a variety of different hosts and protocols, ToS remarking should be considered. ToS remarking refers to a device, such as a router, that has the capability of restamping packets with a user defined ToS value.
ToS Switching Figure B-11 ToS Remarking Application ToS to DSCP Value Conversions Application devices or remarking devices often have different ways of displaying or configuring the ToS or DSCP values used to mark packets. Some devices require the user to input the ToS value while others require input of the DSCP value. Depending on the manufacturer, these values may be displayed in binary, decimal, or hexadecimal formats.
ToS Switching Mesh Setup Based on ToS Detection The detection of a ToS stamped packet by a remote modem can provide the means for setting up a Single Hop On Demand (SHOD) mesh connection from that remote to another remote within the network. For these SHOD connections, it is assumed that each remote site that is part of the SHOD connection has, at minimum, one additional demodulator configured as a Remote Expansion.
E n t r y C h a n n e l M od e S w i t c h i n g Entry Channel Mode Switching Entry Channel Mode (ECM) provides a method for Remotes requiring SCPC access channels to enter/re-enter the network, initially or after a power or other site outage. Two versions of Entry Channel Mode switching are used in Vipersat networks. The version that is available for implementation in a Vipersat network will vary depending on the satellite modem model that is deployed in the network.
E n t r y C h a n n e l M o d e S w i t c h in g their SCPC carrier inhibit flag set. The keep alive message is sent once every two seconds until re-entry is invoked. Fail-Safe Operation For Entry Channel Mode switching, it is useful to describe the fail-safe mechanism used for freeing pool bandwidth. If the VMS loses communications with a switched Remote for more than three minutes, it will attempt to return the Remote to its home state.
E n t r y C h a n n e l M od e S w i t c h i n g ECM Switch Recovery< 3min. VMS State Connected Switched Demod Remote 0 Satellite Delay 250 ms + 30ms E-E State Disconnected 180 Registration Acknowledgment Failure 189 Revert Switch Command 189.025 Switch Command ECM 189.6 No Switch wait ACK Switch Acknowledgment Force Connected Burst Demod 0 Unit Reboot 30 Home State- STDMA Wait for TX Grant 180.28 State Unknown Force Registration Set ID 189. 305 Process Switch Command 190.
E n t r y C h a n n e l M o d e S w i t c h in g ECM Switch Recovery > 3min. VMS State Connected Burst Demod Switched Demod Remote 0 0 Unit Reboot Satellite Delay 250 ms + 30ms E-E State Disconnected 180 Registration Acknowledgment Failure 189 Revert Switch Command 189.05 Revert Acknowledgment Failure 192 Switch Command ECM 240.28 Failure Failure 180.28 No Communications 189.35 No Communications > 240 Home State- STDMA TX Grant Burst ACK 240.61 Process Switch Command 240.
E n t r y C h a n n e l M od e S w i t c h i n g NOTE Note: Refer to the Vipersat SLM-5650A modem manual for Entry Channel configuration setup. The text referenced within is similar between the CDM-570/L and the SLM-5650A; the UI page appearances may differ, however. Figure B-15 STDMA Page with Entry Channel Mode, CDM-570/570L Switching an ECM Remote from SCPC to STDMA Use the following procedure to switch an ECM Remote operating in SCPC mode back to STDMA mode.
E n t r y C h a n n e l M o d e S w i t c h in g Figure B-16 ECM Remote List Page, CDM-570/570L 2. From the STDMA Remote List, select the Remote modem unit to be switched from running in SCPC to STDMA mode. Use the up and down arrows next to the Modify button to change the selected Remote. 3. Click the Modify... button to display the Remote Entry dialog shown in figure B-17. Figure B-17 Remote Bandwidth Entry, CDM-570/570L 4.
E n t r y C h a n n e l M od e S w i t c h i n g and not switch out to SCPC unless either an application switch occurs or a manual switch is invoked. 5. In VMS, right-click on the Remote as shown in figure B-18, then select the Revert Uplink Carrier command from the drop-down menu. The VMS will send the revert command to the target modem, causing it to revert to its STDMA home state.
E n t r y C h a n n e l M o d e S w i t c h in g required acquisition time of the receiver and the amount of time allowed for M&C packet transactions. All Remotes will receive the TAP message from the Hub, but a Remote will only transmit back to the Hub if it is a member of the specified group. Upon receipt of the TAP, the Remote resets its timing and uses the provided slot information to determine the next transmit opportunity.
E n t r y C h a n n e l M od e S w i t c h i n g Figure B-19 Entry Channel Mode v2 Configuration, Hub Remote Configuration The demodulator (receive) configuration of each Remote in the group must be set appropriately in order to receive the TAP from the Hub. Because the TAP provides the necessary transmit parameters for the Remotes, manual modulator configuration by the operator is unnecessary.
E n t r y C h a n n e l M o d e S w i t c h in g Figure B-20 Entry Channel Mode v2 Configuration, Remote ECM Processing A detailed representation of the sequence of steps that occur between the Hub units (the channel controller and a switched demodulator), the Remote unit, and the VMS during the ECM process is shown in figure B-21.
E n t r y C h a n n e l M od e S w i t c h i n g VMS HCC Switched Demod Sta te D is con nec ted Remote B oot Satellite Delay VMS Announcement RCV VMS Announcement & TAP-Waits Random Backoff TAP Probe & Reg Req RCV Reg Request TAP SRS Send Reg Resp with Node ID RCV Reg & TAP with Assigned Slot Probes with Reg Resp and Switch Flag set Reg Complete Processes ECM Switch COMMAND E CM SW REQ Process Switch Command Switch ACK & SUM Message Sta te C onn ec te d Figure B-21 ECMv2 Processing Diagram B
APPENDIX DYNAMIC POWER CONTROL Introduction Dynamic Power Control (DPC) provides a mechanism whereby Vipersat satellite links have their transmit power levels adjusted in order to optimize the receive signal quality, as measured by the corresponding demodulator Eb/N0. This optimization process acts to either increase or decrease transmitted signal levels in order to: • Achieve a minimum level of received Eb/N0 consistent with providing an error-free link.
Introduction caused, for example, by the use of different antenna sizes in a mesh network, or by rain fade conditions. Receive signal quality and use of system resources is optimized, resulting in a reduction in power amplifier intermodulation as well as conservation of satellite transmit power. The power control algorithm is a closed loop servo-mechanism with the received Eb/N0 values as the input function and the modulator transmit power as the output function.
Description Description The behavior of the Dynamic Power Control feature is designed to regulate power by utilizing the uplink margin to limit the maximum effective transmitted power (EIRPC) of the terminal. The DPC function in the IP-enabled Vipersatoptioned modems provides controls allowing an operator to input site budget numbers that compensate and limit modulator output power.
D e s c r i p ti o n Offset adjustments to the modulator transmit power during rain fade conditions are applied to incoming switch commands from the VMS. This prevents possible link failures due to power value changes associated with changes in bandwidth, modulation, etc. In more detail, the BaseLine Power obtains its value from either the Home State Power Level setting or the power given to the modem by the VMS during the last switch command.
Description Mbps. With a set margin of 5 dB, the additive power is never greater than the set level at any rate, but still provides a full range of power, up to the site maximum. Figure C-1 Data Rate to Power Relationship, DPC Note that only base rates are used in this example, with no alternative modulation or code rates. Margins are very important because they are used to compensate for rain attenuation which could be as severe as 8 dB in Ku-band frequencies.
D e s c r i p ti o n The Max Power calculator takes into consideration all the above variables and compares them to the modem BER waterfall curves to determine if the modulator range is sufficient to achieve the budgetary information. If the calculator returns an error [INVALID], the base level is either too high or the set parameters have exceeded the capacity of the equipment.
Configuration point of the HPA. See “Signal Power Level Considerations” on page C-15 for more information. Configuration The DPC menus (CLI, Parameter Editor, WSI) provide configuration and calibration control to set up the site maximum power level. Note, however, that the Parameter Editor and the WSI only support a subset of what is available in the Command Line Interface (CLI).
C o nf i g ur a t i o n Table C-1 DPC Parameters, Main Menu Parameter Menu Default Description SOTM Offset Main; Modulator Display Only Satcom-On-The-Move hunt power adjustment when operating in STDMA mode. When enabled, this offset value is applied to the BaseLine Power when switching into SCPC mode. Used for Roaming feature. Margin Main; Modulator Display Only The site power margin as used in Max Power calculation. See Calculate Max Power for more details.
Configuration Table C-2 DPC Parameters, Calculate Max Power Menu Parameter Menu Default Description Calculate Max Power Calculate Max Power; Modulator Calculate Command After entering all maximum budgetary settings, this menu command will generate the Max Power value for the modulator. Max Power Calculate Max Power; Modulator Display Only The calculated modulator maximum Power at all maximum settings (Data Rate, Code Rate, Modulation, FEC Type). Controls upper limit of modulator output power.
C o nf i g ur a t i o n changed from the CLI Calculate Max Power menu (figure C-5). The calculator function is not available from the Parameter Editor because it does not contain the information for the modem BER waterfall curves, which is vital to calculate maximum power. Consequently, the Parameter Editor provides display-only values for the maximum settings from when the parameter file was acquired from the modem. Thus, this dialog (figure C-6) is labeled DPC Calibration rather than Calculation.
Configuration carrier value. When this value is received by the transmitting modulator, it is compared to the set value; if they are different, the modulator servos its output power level to achieve the targeted Eb/N0 level. The modulator DPC function can support multiple demodulators as assigned by the system.
C o nf i g ur a t i o n This calculator uses the site budgetary numbers to determine the maximum power value when operating at peak transmission settings. After the operator enters all parameters and selects the Calculate Max Power command, the calculator compares the values to base numbers and selected BER tables to determine the power budget based on the total margin.
Configuration Calibrated Data Rate This is the Baseline Home State Data Rate and is used as the base reference value to calculate the maximum DPC Margin. DPC Margin The Margin setting governs the upper power limit for all combinations of waveforms given. Nominal Power Level This is the Baseline Home State modulator Power Level and is used as the base reference value to calculate the maximum DPC Margin. Max Data Rate This is the Maximum Data Rate achievable as calculated through site budgetary numbers.
C o nf i g ur a t i o n Max Power After entering all site budgetary numbers and selecting the Calculate Max Power command, the system processes the max settings against the BER tables to determine and display the site maximum power limit. This maximum power value is achieved only when all parameters are dynamically set to maximum and the environmental conditions are at diminished capacities.
Signal Power Level Considerations Signal Power Level Considerations There are many parameters to consider when planning and commissioning a site for satellite transmission. Among the most important are selections for location, antenna size, and High Power Amplifier. Do not forget entrance link cabling. These pre-selections determine maximum operability of the site in freedom of range and limitations. Uplink power gain limitations and cable losses are the main focus of this section.
S i g n a l P o w e r L e v e l C o n s i d e r a t i on s level is then calculated based on the BUC’s Pin max minus the transmit cable loss. The levels shown in the example above assume a transmit cable loss of about 12 dB. Apply this calculated value to the returned Max Power value to determine if one, the maximum power is within gain/loss limits and two, the total range is achievable. Power Considerations The amount of power is defined by the link budget.
Signal Power Level Considerations A good note here is that, with the typical LO frequencies as shown in the example above, transmit and receive L-band frequencies are widely separated. If the signals were within the LNB stability/drift frequency limits, there might be a tendency for the receive side to attempt locking to its own transmit signal.
S i g n a l P o w e r L e v e l C o n s i d e r a t i on s Table C-3 Typical Coaxial Cable Characteristics C-18 Cable Type Max. Freq. (MHz) O.D. (inch) Loss/100 feet (dB) @1.2 GHz Shielding Efficiency (dB) Estimated Cost/ft. (USD) Times LMR-400 (50Ω) 5,000 0.405 4.8 >90 0.64 Times LMR-600 (50Ω) 5,000 0.59 3.1 >90 1.30 Belden 9913 (50Ω) 5,000 0.405 5.2 >90 0.60 RG214 (50Ω) 5,000 0.405 10.1 >90 1.70 3/8-inch LDF (50Ω) 5,000 0.44 4.1 >90 1.
APPENDIX ECM MIGRATION Migrating from STDMA/ECMv1 to Aloha/ECMv2 General The material in this appendix is offered to provide a step-by-step procedure for network operators to migrate an STDMA/ECMv1 control channel to the latest version of Aloha/ECMv2. This new Entry Channel feature is based on modified slotted Aloha and differs from the current STDMA/ECM control protocol, but it does leverage some of the STDMA software foundation to support the feature changes.
General All other standard controls for access into dSCPC are maintained, but because of a new fixed entry switch type, VMS version 3.9.2 or greater is required. Because most networks are likely to have Remote sites off-the-air for various reasons, the task of upgrading all locations during a planned maintenance period introduces complexity, particularly where the upgrade breaks current protocol.
M i g r a t i on P r oc e d u r e Migration Procedure This procedure is intended for Remote sites that are online or offline with Hub communications. The following steps are accomplished remotely through communication links from Hub to Remote site. 1. Save backup parameter configuration files for all of the Remotes. Store these files as current configuration to facilitate the option to fall back to STDMA ECM. 2.
M i gr a t i o n P r o c e d u r e Figure D-1 STDMA Configuration Page, Remote CDM-570/L 3. Click on the OK button to implement the change, and Save to Flash when prompted to ensure that this new configuration is preserved during Hub configuration. The new configuration parameters will be uploaded and the Remote will be forced to its Home State, awaiting new TAP messages. The transmit may be disabled during the time period for Hub reconfiguration.
M i g r a t i on P r oc e d u r e Configure Hub Unit Once all active Remotes have been configured to ECMv2/Online state, the next step is to configure the ECM Hub Channel Controller, which can be the demodulator on either a CDM-570 or a CDD-56X. Caution: .If a separate controller is in use while the current STDMA unit(s) are running, make absolutely sure that the Group ID is unique from what is currently configured in the running STDMA's. The multicast IP address can be the same; this is not a problem.
M i gr a t i o n P r o c e d u r e After the Hub Type is changed to ECMv2, the controller will start sending TAP multicast messages using the burst map multicast address 239.1.2.3, and broadcasting to the group the frequency, data rate, and timing as well as where and when the Remotes can transmit. Note that the frequency value is sent in RF uplink format, so it is very important to set the Hub LNB LO Frequency as well as the Satellite Frequency Conversion parameter values in the STDMA menu (figure D-3).
M i g r a t i on P r oc e d u r e Example: The recommended settings for 64 kbps, QPSK, 3/4 • Guardband—60 msec • Preamble Length—300 msec • Total Slot Count—10 Tip: A Vipersat calculator is available to optimize these settings. Contact a Comtech Vipersat Networks representative for a copy of the latest Vipersat ECM Calculator. There is no Remote List for ECMv2 like there is for ECMv1. Therefore, there is no need to enable the Remotes in the burst map, nor to set a desired dSCPC switch rate.
M i gr a t i o n P r o c e d u r e 5. Save the configuration to Flash on the ECM Hub Controller. This concludes the ECM migration procedure.
APPENDIX GLOSSARY A ACK A signal used in computing and other fields to indicate acknowledgement, such as a packet message used in TCP to acknowledge the receipt of a packet. ACM Adaptive Coding and Modulation – A technique that optimizes throughput in a wireless data link by adapting the forward error correction code rate and the modulation order according to the noise conditions (or other impairments) on the link. A feature that is supported in CEFD modems such as the CDM-840 Remote Router.
BER Bit Error Rate (sometimes Ratio) – A measure of the number of data bits received incorrectly compared to the total number of bits transmitted. BPM Bridge Point-to-Multipoint – Routing mode option available in the SLM-5650A satellite modem. bps bits per second – A measure of the bit rate or transmission speed of a digital communication link. See also kbps and Mbps. BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying – Sometimes referred to as 2-PSK.
CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check – A method of applying a checksum to a block of data to determine if any errors occurred during transmission over communications links. CXR Carrier – A radio frequency transmission linking points and over which information may be carried. D DAMA Demand Assigned Multiple Access – A process whereby communications links are only activated when there is an actual demand. dBm Decibel referenced to 1 milliwatt.
Es/N0 The ratio of Es (energy per symbol) and N0 (noise power spectral density per Hz). This is closely approximate to the carrier-to-noise ratio (C/N). Es is the energy of a bit (not an information bit) measured in Joules or, equivalently, in Watts per Hertz. This measurement is typically used to quantify a DVB-S2 carrier.
GIR Group ID GUI Guaranteed Information Rate A number assigned to equipment which defines it as a member of a group when addressed by the VMS Hub Controller. Graphical User Interface – A form of graphical shell or user interface to a computer operating system or software application. H H.323 A protocol standard for multimedia communications designed to support realtime transfer of audio (such as voice over IP) and video data over packet networks. Quality of Service is a key feature of H.323.
IGMP Internet Group Management Protocol – An IP communications protocol used by network hosts and adjacent routers to establish multicast group memberships. Image A binary firmware file that provides the operational code for the processor(s) in a network unit. IP Internet Protocol – A format for data packets used on networks accessing the Internet. ISP Internet Service Provider – A company providing Internet access.
LO Local Oscillator – A component used in upconverters, downconverters, and transponders for frequency translation (heterodyne) of the carrier signal. M M&C Monitor & Control MAC Media Access Control – A protocol controlling access to the physical layer of an Ethernet network. Mbps Mega bits per second – 1 Million bits/second. A measure of the bit rate or transmission speed of a digital communication link. See also bps and kbps.
NOC NP Network Operations Center – The main control center for network operations. A NOC can interrogate, control, and log network activities for the satellite Hub as well as any Remote node. Network Processor – Also referred to as the IP Module. An optional assembly for Comtech EF Data modems that provides the 10/100 BaseT Ethernet interface that is required when used in Vipersat networks.
PSTN PUM Public Switched Telephone Network – The world’s public circuit-switched telephone network, digital and analog, and includes mobile as well as land-line voice and data communications. Periodic Update Message – A packet message that is sent by newer Vipersat modems (e.g., CDM-840) to the VMS every sixty seconds, providing either registration request or status update and operating parameter information (SUM).
RS-232 A common electrical/physical standard issued by the IEEE used for point to point serial communications up to approximately 115 kb/s. RTP Real-time Transport Protocol – A standardized packet format for delivering real-time applications such as audio and video over the Internet. Frequently used in streaming media systems, videoconferencing, and VoIP.
T TAP TCP/IP TDM Transmission Announcement Protocol – A proprietary multicast message sent out by the HCC to all associated Remotes in the group, specifying the relative start time and duration for each terminal to transmit while in Entry Channel mode (ECMv2). Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol – A standard for networking over unreliable transmission paths. See also UDP.
VCS Vipersat Circuit Scheduler – The ArrangeLink VCS is a proprietary satellite communication scheduling system used to schedule Vipersat network resources in support of a variety of high-priority applications such as video conferencing and scheduled broadcasting. VersaFEC Advanced forward error correction technology from CEFD that provides maximum coding gain with lowest possible latency to support latency-sensitive data applications, such as voice, video, and cellular backhaul.
WRED Weighted Random Early Detection – A queue management algorithm with congestion avoidance capabilities and packet classification (QoS) providing prioritization.
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