Comtech EF Data is an AS9100 Rev B / ISO9001:2000 Registered Company Vipersat CDD-56X Series Satellite Network Demodulator Router User Guide CDD-562L CDD-564/564L MN/22137 Revision 1
Vipersat CDD-56X Series CDD-562L, CDD-564/564L Satellite Network Demodulator Router User Guide Part number MN/22137 Document Revision 1 Firmware Version 1.6.11/2.6.
COMTECH EF DATA VIPERSAT Network Products Group 3215 Skyway Court Fremont, CA 94539 USA Phone: (510) 252-1462 Fax: (510) 252-1695 www.comtechefdata.com Part Number: MN/22137 Revision: 1 Firmware Version: 1.6.11/2.6.11 ©2013 by Comtech EF Data, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be copied or reproduced without prior written permission of Comtech EF Data, Inc. IMPORTANT NOTE: The information contained in this document supersedes all previously published information regarding this product.
Document Revision History Revision Date 0 3/10/08 Description Initial Release Note: This new document part number, MN/22137, supersedes the previous CDD-56X User Guide part number, 22137. New functionality in v1.5.4: New DPC enhancements; STDMA Power Hunt; Hitless Switching; New VMS registration and Managing Address method; UDP Port Base Address selection; Auto Home State Failsafe; SOTM. 1 4/21/13 Update content to reflect NP v1.6.11/2.6.11. New Features: Dynamic Entry Channel Mode (ECMv2).
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Table of Contents Chapter 1 General How to Use This Manual . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 Manual Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 Chapter 1 — General . . . . . . . . . 1-1 Chapter 2 — Quick Start Configuration 1-1 Chapter 3 — Using the Command Line Interface (CLI) . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2 Appendix A — Network Addressing . . 1-2 Appendix B — Automatic Switching . . 1-2 Appendix C — Dynamic Power Control1-2 Appendix D — ECM Migration . . . . . 1-2 Appendix E — Glossary . . . . . . . .
MN/22137, rev 1 Slot Guardband . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17 Slot Preamble Length . . . . . . . . . 3-18 Slot Data Length . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-18 Nominal Data Length . . . . . . . . . 3-19 Maximum Data Length. . . . . . . . . 3-19 Minimum Data Length . . . . . . . . . 3-20 Total Slot Count . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-20 Slot Cycle Length . . . . . . . . . . . 3-21 Slot Start in Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . 3-21 Set Remotes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-21 Adding a Remote to the STDMA Group . 3-22 Base . .
MN/22137, rev 1 Bandwidth Allocation and Load Switching by the Hub STDMA Burst Controller . . .B-5 Load Switching—STDMA Hub . . . . . . .B-8 Hub Switching Parameters . . . . . . .B-8 Hub Switching Process . . . . . . . . .B-9 Load Switching—Remote . . . . . . . . . B-10 Remote Switching Parameters . . . . B-10 Determination for Switching . . . . . . B-12 Load Switch Example . . . . . . . . . . . B-13 Reduced Data Flow in Switched Mode (SCPC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-14 Application Switching . . . . .
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List of Figures Chapter 2 Figures Figure 2-1 Main Menu screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4 Figure 2-2 Administration screen . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4 Figure 2-3 Feature Configuration screen . . . . . 2-5 Figure 2-4 FAST Feature Code dialog . . . . . . . 2-5 Figure 2-5 Working Mode dialog . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6 Figure 2-6 Ethernet Interface screen . . . . . . . . 2-7 Figure 2-7 Configuring the Route Table screen 2-9 Figure 2-8 Rx Configuration screen . . . . . . . .
MN/22137, rev 1 Figure 3-62 Figure 3-63 3-49 Figure 3-64 Figure 3-65 Figure 3-66 Figure 3-67 Figure 3-68 Figure 3-69 Figure 3-70 Figure 3-71 Home State Configuration screen3-48 Force Modem to Home State warning Receive Frequency prompt . . . . . 3-49 Receive Data Rate prompt . . . . . 3-50 Receive FEC Type prompt . . . . . 3-50 Receive Coding Rate prompt . . . 3-50 Receive Modulation Type prompt 3-51 Vipersat Summary screen. . . . . . 3-51 Vipersat Migration prompt . . . . . .
List of Tables Chapter 2 Tables Table 2-1 CDD-56X Network Roles and Functions 2-3 Table 2-2 Vipersat Feature Configuration . . . . 2-6 Appendix B Tables Table B-1 STDMA ACK Message . . . . . . . . . .B-6 Table B-2 ToS Switching Settings . . . . . . . . .B-20 Appendix C Tables Table C-1 DPC Parameters, Main Menu . . . . .C-7 Table C-2 DPC Parameters, Calculate Max Power Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-8 Table C-3 Typical Coaxial Cable Characteristics .
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CHAPTER GENERAL How to Use This Manual This manual documents the enhanced Vipersat features and functions of the CDD-56X Series (CDD-562L, CDD-564, and CDD-564L) of Satellite Network Demodulator Routers, and guides the user in how to configure these products for use in a Vipersat network. The material covered addresses only those areas specific to a CDD-56X running in Vipersat mode, and complements the universal features and functions described in the CDD-564L Installation and Operation Manual.
H o w t o U s e T h i s Ma n u a l MN/22137, rev 1 Chapter 3 — Using the Command Line Interface (CLI) Describes the use of the CLI for configuring and monitoring the CDD-56X in a Vipersat network. Each CLI screen is presented along with a detailed description and related commands. Appendix A — Network Addressing Supplemental reference information on binary math and network addressing to assist with integrating the CDD-56X into a Vipersat network.
MN/22137, rev 1 H o w t o U s e T h i s M a n u al Caution: Explanatory text that notifies the reader of possible consequences of an action. Warning: Explanatory text that notifies the reader of potential harm as the result of an action. The following documents are referenced in this manual, and provide supplementary information for the reader: • CDD-564L L-Band Quad Demodulator with IP Module Installation and Operation Manual (Part Number MN/CDD564L.
Product Description MN/22137, rev 1 Product Description Introduction The Vipersat CDD-56X Satellite Network Demodulator Router is ideal for operators wishing to supply mesh connectivity between sites, while keeping network infrastructure costs down. The CDD-564 and CDD-564L provide four separate demodulators (the CDD-562L provides two) and an integrated router in a compact, cost-effective 1RU package.
MN/22137, rev 1 P r o d u c t D e s c r i p t io n • Single Hop On Demand (SHOD) functions • 10/100BaseT Ethernet LAN/WAN Interface • Static IP Routing for Unicast or Multicast • Header Decompression • Payload Decompression • 3xDES Decryption Network and Bandwidth Management A Vipersat-powered network solution integrates this advanced demodulator/ router with the powerful network management tool, the Vipersat Management System (VMS).
Product Description MN/22137, rev 1 STDMA The addition of STDMA capability to a Vipersat network allows multiple terminals to share the same satellite resources that would be dedicated to a single terminal in an SCPC configuration. This means that more terminals can be added to the network with minimal additional cost in either satellite bandwidth or Hub Terminal hardware.
MN/22137, rev 1 P r o d u c t D e s c r i p t io n Payload Decompression Payload compression condenses the size of data frames and reduces the satellite bandwidth required to transmit across the link. Configurable on a per route basis, Payload Compression provides traffic optimization and reduces bandwidth up to 40%. The CDD-56X demods perform payload decompression prior to passing the data onto the LAN. Data Decryption The CDD-56X decrypts 3xDES data that it receives.
C u s t o m e r S up p o r t MN/22137, rev 1 Customer Support Contact Information Contact Comtech Vipersat Networks Customer Support for information or assistance with product support, service, or training on any Vipersat product. Mail: 3215 Skyway Court Fremont, CA 94539 USA Phone: 1+510-252-1462 ext. 2 Fax: 1+510-252-1695 Email: supportcvni@comtechefdata.com Web: www.comtechefdata.
CHAPTER QUICK START CONFIGURATION Introduction This chapter describes the minimum configuration of a Vipersat CDD-56X Series Demodulator Router that is necessary in order for the equipment to function in a Vipersat network. The Vipersat CDD-56X Demodulator Router stores its configuration in an ASCII file named the PARAM file. Equipment Configuration is typically performed through the use of the Command Line Interface (CLI), particularly the initial configuration.
I n i t i a l C o n f i gu r a t i o n MN/22137, rev 1 Initial Configuration NOTE Note: Many of the settings required for equipment configuration are based on the LAN/WAN and Satellite network design, and should be obtained from the network administrator.
MN/22137, rev 1 I n i t i a l C o n f i g u r a t io n Table 2-1 CDD-56X Network Roles and Functions Demod Role / Location Expansion 1 2 3 4 Hub Hub Remote No Yes Yes STDMA SCPC SCPC SCPC SCPC SCPC SCPC SCPC SCPC SCPC SCPC SCPC The procedure for setting the modem configuration to match the defined network role is presented later in this Quick Start (“Set the Vipersat Configuration” on page 2-10).
I n i t i a l C o n f i gu r a t i o n MN/22137, rev 1 Figure 2-1 Main Menu screen 2. From the Administration screen shown in figure 2-2, select the Features Configuration command by entering F at the command prompt. Figure 2-2 Administration screen 3. 2-4 From the Feature Configuration menu shown in figure 2-3, verify whether or not the Vipersat Feature Codes are Available (appears as shown in the figure).
MN/22137, rev 1 I n i t i a l C o n f i g u r a t io n Figure 2-3 Feature Configuration screen To enter the feature code, enter Y at the command prompt, then enter the 20 digit FAST Feature Code, as shown in figure 2-4. Figure 2-4 FAST Feature Code dialog Tip: The network administrator will have the FAST Feature codes. These are generated and stored by the unit serial number for the target CDD-56X. The target unit’s serial number can be found on the rear of the unit chassis. 4.
I n i t i a l C o n f i gu r a t i o n MN/22137, rev 1 Figure 2-5 Working Mode dialog 5. When the reboot is completed, return to the Feature Configuration menu and configure the settings for Vipersat STDMA and Auto Switching according to the table below. Table 2-2 Unit Role Hub Hub Expansion Remote Expansion 6.
MN/22137, rev 1 I n i t i a l C o n f i g u r a t io n Figure 2-6 Ethernet Interface screen 3. Save the settings to flash by entering S at the command prompt. Configure the Route Table Routing in a Vipersat Network CDD-56X Demodulator Routers operating in Vipersat mode do not use the small or large network described in the CDD-564L Installation and Operation Manual.
I n i t i a l C o n f i gu r a t i o n MN/22137, rev 1 By putting the one route statement “Remotes 172.16.128.0/17 Wan to Sat” in the TDM Hub modem, and by using the route statement “GW 0.0.0.0/0 Wan to Sat” at each of the remote modems, the network will successfully route packets. The remotes can then be sub-netted as class C networks or below.
MN/22137, rev 1 I n i t i a l C o n f i g u r a t io n Figure 2-7 Configuring the Route Table screen 4. Enter S at the command prompt in figure 2-7 to save the settings to flash. Set the Satellite Demod Configuration 1. Enter M from the Main Menu, then enter C from the Satellite Demodulator menu to access the Configuration screen. 2. Enter R to access the Rx Configuration screen shown in figure 2-8.
I n i t i a l C o n f i gu r a t i o n MN/22137, rev 1 Figure 2-8 Rx Configuration screen 3. Save the settings to flash by entering S at the command prompt. Set the Vipersat Configuration 1. Enter V at the Main Menu command prompt (figure 2-1) to select the Vipersat Configuration menu shown in figure 2-9.
MN/22137, rev 1 I n i t i a l C o n f i g u r a t io n 2. Enter R at the command prompt to toggle the Unit Role to either Hub or Remote. This parameter will determine the role the target CDD-56X will perform in the network and what type of commands and functions it will receive from the VMS. 3. Enter E to set the Expansion Unit value to either Yes or No.
I n i t i a l C o n f i gu r a t i o n MN/22137, rev 1 Refer to Chapter 3, “Using the Command Line Interface (CLI)”, for additional details on configuring the target Vipersat CDD-56X.
CHAPTER USING THE COMMAND LINE INTERFACE (CLI) General This chapter describes the use of the CLI for configuring and monitoring the CDD-56X Demodulator/Router in a Vipersat network. Each CLI screen related to a CDD-56X operating in Vipersat mode is presented, along with a detailed description of the available commands. For descriptions of all other screens, refer to the CDD-564L L-Band Quad Demodulator Installation and Operation Manual.
G en e r a l MN/22137, rev 1 Common Screen Commands The following commands appear on each of the menu screens: Demod Select Some feature configurations apply to the CDD-56X as a unit, others are set on a per Demod basis. This command (enter Z) allows the selection of one of the two (CDD-562L) or four (CDD-564/564L) Demodulators. Save Parameters to Permanent Storage To Save the current parameter settings to permanent storage, enter S at the command prompt.
MN/22137, rev 1 M e n u D e sc r i p t i o n s Menu Descriptions This section details the CLI menus and associated screens, and briefly discusses the function of each of the commands available on each menu. Main Menu The Main Menu, shown in figure 3-1, allows configuring both the Demodulator and Router functions of the target CDD-56X.
M en u D e sc r i p t i o n s MN/22137, rev 1 Figure 3-2 Administration screen Ensure that the Working Mode is set to Router-Vipersat. If it is not, enter C at the command prompt and change the setting by selecting 4, as shown in figure 3-3. The unit will reboot automatically in order to implement the change for this setting. Figure 3-3 Working Mode dialog NOTE Note: If the Router-Vipersat option does not appear as a selection, the Vipersat Feature Code has not yet been entered into this unit.
MN/22137, rev 1 M e n u D e sc r i p t i o n s Feature Configuration Figure 3-4 Feature Configuration screen The Feature Configuration screen shown in figure 3-4 allows the Enabling and Disabling of the major Vipersat CDD-56X features.
M en u D e sc r i p t i o n s MN/22137, rev 1 Figure 3-5 FAST Feature Code dialog Tip: Contact either the network administrator or Comtech Vipersat Networks Customer Support to obtain the Feature codes. A convenient option is to use the Vipersat Vload utility to manage Feature codes. Vipersat Management This item is an information-only display, and indicates whether Vipersat Management is Enabled or Disabled in the target CDD-56X.
MN/22137, rev 1 M e n u D e sc r i p t i o n s To activate the Vipersat Auto Switching capabilities of the target CDD-56X, toggle the Auto Switching command to Enabled by entering W at the command prompt. See the section “STDMA/SCPC Automatic Switching” on page 3-32 for more details on the use of this feature. For additional information, refer to Appendix B, “Automatic Switching”.
V i p er s a t C o nf i g u r at i o n MN/22137, rev 1 Vipersat Configuration Entering V at the prompt from the CDD-56X Main Menu shown in figure 3-1 displays the Vipersat Configuration menu shown in figure 3-6. Figure 3-6 Vipersat Configuration screen (Hub) This menu lists the available commands for configuring a Vipersat CDD-56X. Note that for the Hub unit only, the command Primary Heart Beat is displayed in the Vipersat Configuration screen.
MN/22137, rev 1 V i p er s at C o n f i g u r a t io n Figure 3-7 STDMA screen (Hub, STDMA, Fixed type) Figure 3-8 STDMA screen (Hub/Remote, SCPC) STDMA This menu item is read-only and shows the current state of STDMA in the CDD-56X. In order to change the STDMA state, refer to the section “Feature Configuration” on page 3-5.
V i p er s a t C o nf i g u r at i o n MN/22137, rev 1 STDMA Tx Rate This menu item shows the STDMA Transmit Rate (in bps) of data that the CDD-56X receives. This item is read-only and cannot be modified in this menu. Hub Type This menu item is only displayed if the CDD-56X is being used as a Hub in the network, and provides the functionality for the STDMA Burst Controller.
MN/22137, rev 1 V i p er s at C o n f i g u r a t io n Refer to Appendix B, “Automatic Switching”, for additional information on how each of the bandwidth allocation modes functions and the parameters used to calculate the commands for each mode. 1 – Fixed In the Fixed mode, all remotes have the same data slot size regardless of type of traffic or load. This mode minimizes the amount of jitter between remote transmission times, and is useful for tuning STDMA as well as for troubleshooting purposes.
V i p er s a t C o nf i g u r at i o n NOTE MN/22137, rev 1 Note: GIR allocations are restricted so that assigned GIR totals cannot exceed the available bandwidth. This ensures proper bandwidth allocation when the network is overloaded. The GIR setting for each Remote is specified using the STDMA Remote Policies screen (refer to the section “Set Remote Policies” on page 3-24). When combined with Auto switching, GIR allows trigger points to be set where the Remote will jump out into SCPC mode.
MN/22137, rev 1 V i p er s at C o n f i g u r a t io n mitting back to the Hub. The Remotes transmit on a contention basis and should a collision occur, the Remote will back off for a specified period and try again. Once it obtains one of the available slots, the Remote will hold onto the slot until it registers with the VMS and receives assignment into dSCPC, or until all necessary transactions are completed.
V i p er s a t C o nf i g u r at i o n MN/22137, rev 1 Group ID The STDMA Group ID number defines a group of equipment (including CDD-56X Hub and Remote units) that will respond to the output of a single STDMA burst controller. This group is addressable within a network which, in turn, is defined by the Network ID number assigned to the CDD-56X. Allocation of bandwidth is shared among the remotes in an STDMA group.
MN/22137, rev 1 V i p er s at C o n f i g u r a t io n This feature option is Enabled/Disabled by entering H at the command prompt. Figure 3-12 STDMA Max Power Hunt prompt Low Data Rate Fast Acquisition Configurable on a Hub Burst Controller only. This menu item is a toggle used to Enable or Disable the Vipersat Burst Fast Acquisition Timing (BFAT) feature that functions at low data rates (64 kbps to 256 kbps).
V i p er s a t C o nf i g u r at i o n MN/22137, rev 1 Figure 3-13 Burstmap Multicast IP prompt Outbound IP This menu item, which appears for all Hub configurations, displays the current Outbound IP address. This specifies the Hub device that is supplying the TDM outbound to the satellite (typically a CDM-570L). Specifying this address is necessary for Hub configurations that utilize a burst controller (such as the CDD-56X) that is a separate device from the TDM modem.
MN/22137, rev 1 V i p er s at C o n f i g u r a t io n For Dynamic Cycle and GIR configurations, the number of cycles is automatically set to one in order to ensure optimum performance for these Hub types. This parameter can be modified by entering a C at the command prompt to display the dialog shown in figure 3-15.
V i p er s a t C o nf i g u r at i o n MN/22137, rev 1 CDD-56X based on the STDMA transmit bit rate as shown in the menu in figure 3-7. Slot Preamble Length This menu item, which appears in all Hub and Remote configurations, displays the current Slot Preamble size in milliseconds and bytes for the remotes in the group. The Slot Preamble is the period between when the remote begins to transmit (sends an ACK) to the Hub and when the first data packet is sent.
MN/22137, rev 1 V i p er s at C o n f i g u r a t io n Figure 3-18 Slot Data Length prompt Nominal Data Length This menu item, which appears for Dynamic Slot Hub type, displays the Nominal slot Data Length in milliseconds and bytes for the remotes in the group, and represents the approximate amount of data that can be transmitted or received in one spin of the STDMA cycle by each of the remotes belonging to that group. This is the amount of time that the remote is provided to send data in the cycle.
V i p er s a t C o nf i g u r at i o n MN/22137, rev 1 To change this setting, enter B at the command prompt to display the dialog shown in figure 3-20.
MN/22137, rev 1 V i p er s at C o n f i g u r a t io n This parameter defines the number of time slots per cycle available for assignment to the Remotes in queue that are to be switched from ECM into dSCPC. These are the Remotes that are tagged for Online mode. By design, ECM works on a contention basis, with the number of slots being some fraction of the total number of Remotes. In order for this ratio to be optimized, a Vipersat calculator is available to determine this setting.
V i p er s a t C o nf i g u r at i o n MN/22137, rev 1 Figure 3-23 STDMA Remotes Menu screen Adding a Remote to the STDMA Group Entering the item number for the Remote demodulator/router brings up the dialog shown in figure 3-24. A prompt to enter the Name to assign to the Remote unit appears, followed by a prompt to enter the IP Address for this unit.
MN/22137, rev 1 V i p er s at C o n f i g u r a t io n • R = Removed – This Remote is currently removed from the burstmap. When displayed, this status indicates that the Hub has removed this remote from the burstmap due to a communications fault. • D = Disabled – This Remote is currently disabled and is not in the burstmap. This status will be displayed when a remote is manually disabled by the operator or administrator. • S = Switched – This Remote is currently switched into SCPC mode.
V i p er s a t C o nf i g u r at i o n MN/22137, rev 1 Set Remote Policies This menu item, which appears for GIR and Entry Channel Hub types, allows each Remote to be configured for specific data switching conditions. For Hub STDMA Controllers operating in either GIR or Entry Channel mode, typical load switching is not the mechanism that performs the transition from STDMA to SCPC mode due to traffic load. In GIR mode, the Remote is switched to SCPC as soon as the GIR threshold is reached.
MN/22137, rev 1 V i p er s at C o n f i g u r a t io n Set the Automatic Load Switch Rate to a value greater than the GIR to allow the Remote to be automatically switched out of STDMA and into SCPC mode when traffic exceeds the GIR. A Switch Rate of 0 will prevent the Remote from being switched out of STDMA and into SCPC mode.
V i p er s a t C o nf i g u r at i o n MN/22137, rev 1 Switching feature Enabled (see the section “STDMA/SCPC Automatic Switching” on page 3-32). Figure 3-29 Remote SCPC Data Rate prompt The Global SCPC Rate command can be used to set the data rate for all or a majority of the Remotes. This allows the rate to be entered just once instead of entering the rate for each Remote individually. Enter G at the command prompt in figure 3-28.
MN/22137, rev 1 V i p er s at C o n f i g u r a t io n Figure 3-32 Delete Remote prompt Enter the number of the Remote CDD-56X at the command prompt to delete it from the STDMA group for this Hub burst controller. Enable/Disable Remote Enter E at the command prompt in figure 3-23 to display the dialog shown in figure 3-33. The Remotes in the network are displayed, indicating whether each is currently Enabled (E) or Disabled.
V i p er s a t C o nf i g u r at i o n MN/22137, rev 1 The display is for information only and pressing any key will return the screen to the menu shown in figure 3-23. Remove Timeout Entering R at the command prompt shown in figure 3-23 will display the Remove Timeout dialog shown in figure 3-35. Note that this menu item shows the current setting (in seconds) for this parameter.
MN/22137, rev 1 V i p er s at C o n f i g u r a t io n When a Remote is removed from the group Burst Map, as described in the section “Remove Timeout” above, entering a value in the Remove Retry Timeout dialog defines the amount of time (in seconds) that is allowed to pass before a retry attempt is made to return the removed Remote to the group. The Remote is re-entered into the burst map cycle; if the Remote does not burst back (ACK) to the Hub burst controller, it is again removed from the Burst Map.
V i p er s a t C o nf i g u r at i o n MN/22137, rev 1 STDMA Statistics Entering V at the command prompt in the STDMA screen displays the STDMA Statistics screen as shown in either figure 3-39 (Hub) or figure 3-40 (Remote). Note that statistics will only be accumulated for a CDD-56X that is configured as a Hub with No Expansion, since that is the only configuration that provides STDMA functionality (on Demod 1).
MN/22137, rev 1 V i p er s at C o n f i g u r a t io n Figure 3-41 Stats Accumulation Window prompt Clear The STDMA statistics can be Cleared (reset) by entering a C at the command prompt in figure 3-39. Show Hub Statistics Entering a W at the command prompt in the STDMA screen displays the current statistics for the target CDD-56X Hub as shown in figure 3-42. Figure 3-42 Show Hub Statistics screen Statistics in the received ACK from each Remote are monitored by the Burst Controller.
V i p er s a t C o nf i g u r at i o n MN/22137, rev 1 parameters are operator selectable. The speed with which STDMA reacts to changes in dynamic load is a function of the Statistics Accumulation Window parameter and the Cycles per New Burst Map parameter, both of which are also operator selectable. The Hub statistics are useful for tuning the Burst Controller.
MN/22137, rev 1 V i p er s at C o n f i g u r a t io n switching control is performed by the VMS. As is shown in table 2-2, Auto Switching should be Disabled for these two modes. The Auto Switching feature must be Enabled (as described in the section “Feature Configuration” on page 3-5) in order to allow any associated Remote modems to perform STDMA/SCPC switching.
V i p er s a t C o nf i g u r at i o n MN/22137, rev 1 Current WAN Transmit Mode The Current WAN Transmit Mode item on the menu in figure 3-43 is information only and reflects the current transmit status of a unit. In the case of the CDD-56X, there is no transmit function (no modulator) and this parameter is not applicable. Load Switching The Load Switching command on the menu in figure 3-43 is a toggle Enabling and Disabling Load Switching on the target Hub CDD-56X.
MN/22137, rev 1 V i p er s at C o n f i g u r a t io n A default setting (95%) is provided, but there may be unique network configurations which require modifying the STDMA Slot Capacity value. STDMA Switch Delay In order to minimize unnecessary switching from STDMA to SCPC due to transient conditions, such as a temporary spike in network traffic for example, a switch delay parameter is provided. This setting is used to specify a delay before a switch occurs.
V i p er s a t C o nf i g u r at i o n MN/22137, rev 1 Typically the default value will be optimum, but if there may be a larger bandwidth requirement after the switch, the percent allocation value can be increased. In choosing a value for this allocation, future bandwidth requirements for the channel must be balanced against efficient bandwidth utilization. Keep Alive Timer for Carrier Inhibit This parameter applies to a Hub unit only.
MN/22137, rev 1 V i p er s at C o n f i g u r a t io n a means to coordinate timing and utilize buffering to eliminate these data outages. To access the Hitless Switching screen, enter H from the STDMA/SCPC Auto Switching screen (see figure 3-43). Figure 3-48 Hitless Switching screen This screen will initially display all lock times as -1, indicating that Hitless Switching is currently disabled. To enable the Hitless Switching feature, enter R at the command prompt to restore default lock times.
V i p er s a t C o nf i g u r at i o n MN/22137, rev 1 Figure 3-49 Set LockTime prompt To disable Hitless Switching, enter -1 for all lock times. Apply Delay Values To implement any modifications to the Hitless Switching parameters, enter A at the command prompt to apply these values to the modem. SOTM Update This menu item appears for both the Hub unit and the Remote unit. However, this feature is not applicable to the CDD-56X.
MN/22137, rev 1 V i p er s at C o n f i g u r a t io n Expansion Unit The Expansion Unit menu item in the Vipersat Configuration screen (figure 3-6) defines whether the target CDD-56X is to function as an Expansion unit (all demods configured to operate in SCPC mode) or not. Entering E at the command prompt will display the dialog shown in figure 3-51. Figure 3-51 Expansion Unit prompt The VMS uses this data when monitoring and controlling the network to determine the target CDD-56X’s function.
V i p er s a t C o nf i g u r at i o n MN/22137, rev 1 Figure 3-52 Network ID prompt The Network ID is used by the VMS to identify units that are common to a network and allows the VMS to manage multiple networks, each with its own unique Network ID number. Unit Name The Unit Name command in the Vipersat Configuration screen (figure 3-6) is used to assign a name to the target CDD-56X. Enter N at the command prompt to display the dialog shown in figure 3-53 .
MN/22137, rev 1 V i p er s at C o n f i g u r a t io n CDD-56X responds to the VMS server with a unicast containing its current configuration data, including the CDD-56X’s IP address. When the VMS receives the unicast response, it registers the CDD-56X on the network. Enter V at the command prompt in the Vipersat Configuration screen (figure 3-6) to display the dialog shown in figure 3-54. Enter the Receive Multicast Address as assigned by the network operator/administrator.
V i p er s a t C o nf i g u r at i o n MN/22137, rev 1 Once the unit is registered, the I command is removed from the Vipersat Configuration menu. This managing address is automatically updated on a periodic basis for units that are newly enabled, incorrectly set, or following VMS changeovers (redundancy switching). The status of the registration process is displayed for this parameter as follows: • NOT-DEFINED — unit has booted up, but is unaware of the managing address.
MN/22137, rev 1 V i p er s at C o n f i g u r a t io n Enter K at the command prompt to configure this feature, as shown in figure 3-56, below. Figure 3-56 Vipersat Management Security screen Enter M at the command prompt to toggle between Enabled/Disabled. Note that the feature must be set to Enabled in order to configure the encryption key. Enter K at the command prompt and Enter the required key (figure 3-57).
V i p er s a t C o nf i g u r at i o n MN/22137, rev 1 Primary Heart Beat This menu item appears for the Hub terminal only. The Primary Heart Beat feature is a redundancy heart beat message for primary Hub units that provides the option for a periodic communications check message to be sent from the Hub modem to the VMS for backup recovery in N:M redundancy (protected) configurations. The message interval is hard-coded in the demod.
MN/22137, rev 1 V i p er s at C o n f i g u r a t io n levels. The information and commands in the menu will vary depending on the function the target CDD-56X performs in the network. The screen shown in figure 3-58 is from a unit serving as a Hub with STDMA (burst controller). Note, however, that the only parameter settings that apply to the CDD-56X are DPC Enabled, Speed Up EbNo, and Target DPC Address.
V i p er s a t C o nf i g u r at i o n MN/22137, rev 1 DPC Enabled The DPC Enabled command (enter E) is a toggle that allows the Dynamic Power Control feature to be either Enabled or Disabled. The CDD-56X is shipped with the DPC Enabled menu item turned off (Disabled) to allow entrance link levels calibration during terminal setup. Speed Up EbNo Normally, the DPC message is sent every 60 seconds from each terminal in the network.
MN/22137, rev 1 V i p er s at C o n f i g u r a t io n Figure 3-61 Target DPC Address prompt The STDMA Burst Controller (Demod 1 on a CDD-56X configured as Hub with No Expansion) is not permitted to specify a DPC Target because the demodulator is receiving multiple bursts very rapidly from all Remotes in the group and is unable to utilize DPC to control the transmit power of the Remote modems.
V i p er s a t C o nf i g u r at i o n MN/22137, rev 1 Figure 3-62 Home State Configuration screen Set Current Configuration as Home State This command sets the selected Demod’s current configuration as its Home State settings. Assuming the Demod has been properly configured using the Satellite Demodulator Configuration menu (Rx parameters) and the Feature Configuration menu (Vipersat STDMA setting), these parameter values will be copied into the Home State configuration.
MN/22137, rev 1 V i p er s at C o n f i g u r a t io n Figure 3-63 Force Modem to Home State warning This command will force the selected Demod to its Home State configuration, replacing its current configuration. STDMA State This command (enter T) toggles the setting of STDMA in the target CDD-56X’s Home State between Enabled and Disabled. This is the same feature that is set from the Feature Configuration menu screen shown in figure 3-4.
V i p er s a t C o nf i g u r at i o n MN/22137, rev 1 Figure 3-65 Receive Data Rate prompt Note that the valid range for this parameter will vary depending on the Demodulation Type, Coding Rate, and FAST feature Data Rate. Receive FEC Type Enter O to use the dialog shown in figure 3-66 to set the Receive FEC Type for the selected Demod’s Home State. Turbo must be selected when operating in Vipersat mode.
MN/22137, rev 1 V i p er s at C o n f i g u r a t io n Note that Coding Rate 6 (1/1) is not a valid selection when operating in Vipersat mode with Turbo Product Coding. Receive Modulation Type Enter Q to use the dialog shown in figure 3-68 to set the Receive Modulation Type for the selected Demod’s Home State. Figure 3-68 Receive Modulation Type prompt Vipersat Summary The Vipersat Summary screen can be viewed by entering D at the command prompt in the Vipersat Configuration screen (figure 3-6).
V i p er s a t C o nf i g u r at i o n MN/22137, rev 1 The Node ID number that appears in this screen verifies that the unit is registered with the VMS and is active in the network. This number is automatically assigned by the VMS. Note that the four Demods of the CDD-56X are designated as 0 through 3 on this screen. The IF values represent the Intermediate Frequency (Hz) that this unit is currently using.
MN/22137, rev 1 V i p er s at C o n f i g u r a t io n Figure 3-70 Vipersat Migration prompt UDP Port Base Address Should a particular network application require a specific UDP port base address be used, the default address can be changed by entering U at the command prompt in the Vipersat Configuration screen (figure 3-6). Figure 3-71 UDP Port Base Address prompt Caution: This command affects all communications for the VMS and STDMA.
V i p er s a t C o nf i g u r at i o n MN/22137, rev 1 • Example: “Critical error: should not be in map” This alert typically occurs when there are multiple STDMA burst controllers at the Hub incorrectly configured with the same Group ID, thus causing Remotes to appear in more than one bursmap. A Remote may already be switched out into dSCPC mode, yet continue to appear in a burstmap that is received from another controller.
APPENDIX NETWORK ADDRESSING Introduction This Appendix is an overview of network addressing and how it applies to configuring the CDD-562L/564/564L for use in Vipersat Networks.
T h e O S I R ef e r e n ce M o d e l MN/22137, rev 1 The OSI Reference Model OSI is an acronym for Open Systems Interconnection. This is a network model created by ISO (the International Standardization Organization.) The OSI model is the basic standard which forms the basis for all networking protocols. Figure A-1 The Seven OSI Protocol Layers The OSI model defines the building blocks used to construct a working network protocol as shown in Figure A-1.
MN/22137, rev 1 T h e O S I R e f er en c e M o d el Together, these two sub-layer protocols are responsible for moving packets on and off the network. Layer 3 / Network Layer – Layer 3 is responsible for routing packets through multiple networks. The Layer 3 protocol operates without regard to the underlying protocols in use. For example, routers operate at Layer 3.
B i na r y Ma t h MN/22137, rev 1 Binary Math Network devices communicate using BITS, where a bit is a single digit represented by a 1 or a 0, or by using BYTEs, where a byte is made up of eight bits in any combination of 1’s or 0’s. A byte is also referred to as an octet. Figure A-2 Bits and Bytes An octet can be converted to or from binary using the technique shown in the decimal conversion chart in Figure A-3. The conversion chart also shows the decimal equivalent of the binary number.
MN/22137, rev 1 B i n ar y M at h changed the numbering base (radix.) All digital processes are done in binary. The conversion to decimal is done whenever binary values need to be read or entered by humans as their decimal equivalents.
I P Ad d r es si n g MN/22137, rev 1 IP Addressing An IP (Internet Protocol) address is a unique set of numbers assigned to a device on a network to uniquely identify that device (by its IP address). An IP address is a unique number composed of four octets, with each octet separated by a dot. This notation style is called dotted decimal notation. Each IP address can be broken down into two parts, as shown in the example below: Example: 128.121.188.201 The first two octets are the network ID: 128.
MN/22137, rev 1 I P A d d r e ss in g • 16-bit network number • 16-bit node number CLASS A CLASS B CLASS C Address Class HighOrder-Bits 1st Octet Decimal Range Networks Available Hosts Available Class A 0 1-126.x.y.z 126 16,777,214 Class B 10 128-191.x.y.z 16,384 65,534 Class C 110 192-223.x.y.z 2,097,152 254 Figure A-4 IP Address Classes A, B, C Class C • 192.0.1.x to 223.255.254.
I P Ad d r es si n g MN/22137, rev 1 Class E • 240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255 • Reserved for experimental use and limited broadcast Private Network IP Addresses RFC 1918 defines blocks of addresses for use on private networks: • 10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255 • 172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255 • 192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.
MN/22137, rev 1 I P A d d r e ss in g In the process of subnetting, bits are borrowed from the host ID portion of an IP address and are then given to the network ID. Then a “Subnet Mask” gets assigned to the host along with the IP address. Subnetting is required if the network is segmented. Subnet Mask The Subnet Mask is used by the host to determine if a destination IP address is on the local or on a remote network segment.
I P Ad d r es si n g MN/22137, rev 1 Dotted Decimal Address Binary Values IP Address 192.168.2.66 11000000.10101000.00000010.01000010 Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 ANDing Result 192.168.2.0 11000000.10101000.00000010.00000000 Figure A-7 ANDing an IP address and a subnet mask A calculator, available from SolarWinds, performs these IP and subnet mask calculations and can be found at: http://www.solarwinds.com/products/freetools/index.
MN/22137, rev 1 I P A d d r e ss in g Each of the four subnets can, in turn, support 64 members. The example subnet used above yielded 4 subnets, but you can use a different mask to meet the specific requirements of your network. Default Gateways A default gateway is a network device, usually a router, that is responsible for routing data packets out of the local network segment.
I P Ad d r es si n g MN/22137, rev 1 • The first six characters are issued to the organization. • The second six characters are assigned to the hardware interface by manufacturing.
APPENDIX AUTOMATIC SWITCHING General Automatic switching is a feature of the VMS that allows dynamically changing the network configuration in response to changes in either network traffic loads (Load switching), traffic type (Application switching), or Type of Service (ToS switching) detecting stamped packets with Diffserv values. Entry Channel Mode switching is also covered.
G en e r a l MN/22137, rev 1 back to these intelligent modem/routers, effectively managing the Vipersat network operation in real time, and optimizing each site’s bandwidth usage to meet their QoS and cost requirements within their bandwidth allocation. The result is a stable satellite network connection that automatically responds to the customer’s requirements while continuously monitoring and reacting to changing load, data type, and QoS requirements.
MN/22137, rev 1 General • LockTimes – LockTime settings for the four data rates displayed can be adjusted either up or down, but default settings based on satellite testing should be used as a starting point. These defaults are stored in each modulator/demodulator unit and are restored by entering R at the command prompt. Once restored, the lock time for each data rate can be modified by entering the corresponding number.
Load Switching MN/22137, rev 1 Load Switching Overview There are three primary functional components involved in the load switching process. • Hub Controller(s)—These are the Hub units that provide the load switching detection mechanism for Remotes that are operating within the shared channel(s). Hub units that can serve as controllers include CDM-570, CDD-56X, CDD-880, and SLM-5650A.
MN/22137, rev 1 L o a d S w i t c h in g The basic concept for all load switching is that a running average of current utilization is maintained, and when that utilization exceeds a preset threshold, a switch is initiated. The data rate for the switch is computed by determining the current bandwidth requirement of the Remote, and adding some percentage of excess margin.
Load Switching MN/22137, rev 1 Table B-1 STDMA ACK Message Data Type Size in Bytes Description Unit of Measure IP 4 IP Address of Remote N/A Unsigned 4 Queued Bytes Bytes Total number of bytes queued since last cycle (includes possible buffer overflow) Unsigned 4 Bytes in Queue Bytes Number of bytes currently queued Unsigned 1 Group Number N/A Identifies the STDMA group that this Remote belongs to Unsigned 1 Dropped Buffers Packets Number of packets dropped (due to limited bandw
MN/22137, rev 1 L o a d S w i t c h in g • Dynamic Slot Mode – The slot size for each Remote is computed based on the time (at the current data rate) needed to transmit all the “Bytes in Queue”. If the result is less than the minimum slot size or more than the maximum slot size, the slot is adjusted accordingly. • Dynamic Cycle Mode – Available bandwidth is allocated to Remotes proportionally, based on current need.
Load Switching MN/22137, rev 1 Load Switching—STDMA Hub Before discussing how load switching is determined, it is necessary to explain the modem/router parameters that control the switch. Hub Switching Parameters The screens shown in figure B-2 (CDM-570/570L modem/router) and figure B-3 (SLM-5650A modem/router) are examples that show the entries in the Automatic Switching page at the Hub that are used to control load switching.
MN/22137, rev 1 L o a d S w i t c h in g • Load Switching – This is a type of Automatic Switching that is based on the amount of traffic at a Remote. If this feature is not enabled, then no Remote in this STDMA group will be switched based on load. • STDMA Slot Capacity – This is a threshold value. When the amount of outbound traffic at a Remote exceeds this percentage of the current STDMA slot capacity, a load switch is initiated.
Load Switching MN/22137, rev 1 If the average bandwidth used exceeds the threshold percentage of available bandwidth, then a flag is set indicating a switch is pending. At this point, the statistics are reset and the traffic load is then computed for the time period specified by the switch delay. At the end of this delay, if the threshold is still exceeded, a switch is initiated.
MN/22137, rev 1 L o a d S w i t c h in g Figure B-4 Auto Switching Menu, CDM-570/570L Remote Figure B-5 Remote Load Switching Page, SLM-5650A • Auto Switching – This is a Vipersat feature that is enabled in the CDM570/570L Features menu. If Auto Switching is not enabled, Load Switching will be ignored. There is no automatic switching enable button in the SLM-5650A modem configuration menus; the operator enables each switching function individually.
Load Switching MN/22137, rev 1 • SCPC Step Down Threshold – Similar to the Step Up Threshold, except Step Down is used to trigger a switch to a lower data rate when the average traffic load falls below the set value. • SCPC Step Delay – This is a built in latency that forces the Remote to maintain an average load for the specified period (seconds) that exceeds the switch threshold before a switch to a new data rate is actually initiated. Similar to the Hub parameter STDMA Switch Delay.
MN/22137, rev 1 L o a d S w i t c h in g Load Switch Example An automatic load switching example, illustrated in the schematic diagram in figure B-6, illustrates how a network can respond to changes in traffic volume or load conditions.
Load Switching MN/22137, rev 1 3. The STDMA Controller compares the Remote’s pre-selected buffer limits with its buffer status and, if the buffer status exceeds the preselected limits, the STDMA Controller increases the time-slot allocated to that channel. If this brings the buffer status within established limits, no further changes are made. 4. If the buffer status continues to exceed the preselected limits, the STDMA Controller sends an ASR to the VMS. 5.
MN/22137, rev 1 L o a d S w i t c h in g This entire process is automatic, following the policies established for the network. The network is dynamically modified, changing configuration to automatically respond to changes to the network’s load. The Home Threshold is the bit rate set to trigger a return to the home condition. This function is used when bandwidth has been allocated to meet load requirements, and then the load has been either removed or partially removed.
Application Switching MN/22137, rev 1 Application Switching NOTE Note: This Application Switching section refers to functionality of the CDM-570/ 570L modem/router. Application Switching is not available for SLM5650A modem/routers. Application switching, illustrated in figure B-7, also is capable of changing bandwidth use, but the change is determined entirely by the type of application being requested, ignoring load requirements.
MN/22137, rev 1 A p p l i c a t i o n S w i t c h in g Each application type will have been assigned a bandwidth allocation when the policy for the Remote is established. The voice application, for example, might have had the bandwidth set in the policy to handle three simultaneous voice connections. When a VoIP protocol is detected in the H.225 signaling protocol, the modem/router requests the VMS to switch the bandwidth to accommodate three voice circuits.
T o S S w i t c h i ng MN/22137, rev 1 ToS Switching ToS Background The Type of Service (ToS) byte is an 8-bit field contained within the IP header portion of an IPv4 packet. This field provides a means of marking packets for traffic identification and classification purposes. Devices within the network can utilize the ToS value to classify traffic and apply per hop queuing and Quality of Service (QoS) for different types of traffic. The first 3 bits of the ToS byte are referred to as IP precedence bits.
MN/22137, rev 1 T o S S w i t c h in g the clear and often provides the only mechanism for identifying and prioritize traffic within the network. The ToS switching feature in the SLM-5650A provides a reliable method for performing automatic dSCPC switching and is the preferred method for most encrypted environments that leave the IP header intact. Detection of ToS Stamped Packets The configuration and detection of ToS stamped packets occurs in the Network Processor (NP) card of the remote modem.
T o S S w i t c h i ng MN/22137, rev 1 Configuration The ToS switching feature can be configured within the SLM-5650A modem using either the CLI or the Web user interface. For simplicity, the Web interface (figure B-9) will be presented in this example. Figure B-9 Remote ToS Switching menu The remote ToS switching is optioned by selecting 'Enable' or 'Disable'. In addition to the enable/disable control, the menu provides the ability to create a list of ToS Rules for which a switch will be initiated.
MN/22137, rev 1 T o S S w i t c h in g Example Implementations ToS Switching Per Device For applications that require an increase in SCPC bit rate for each application device, a separate ToS value must be assigned to each device individually. This provides granular switching for each device and also allows a mesh connection to be established for each device independently. Figure B-10 depicts a per device configuration example.
T o S S w i t c h i ng MN/22137, rev 1 Figure B-11 Per Type ToS Switching Example ToS Remarking For situations where the application device is not capable of stamping a packet with a ToS value, or where the application traffic is generated by a variety of different hosts and protocols, ToS remarking should be considered. ToS remarking refers to a device, such as a router, that has the capability of restamping packets with a user defined ToS value.
MN/22137, rev 1 T o S S w i t c h in g Figure B-12 ToS Remarking Application ToS to DSCP Value Conversions Application devices or remarking devices often have different ways of displaying or configuring the ToS or DSCP values used to mark packets. Some devices require the user to input the ToS value while others require input of the DSCP value. Depending on the manufacturer, these values may be displayed in binary, decimal, or hexadecimal formats.
T o S S w i t c h i ng MN/22137, rev 1 Mesh Setup Based on ToS Detection The detection of a ToS stamped packet by a remote modem can provide the means for setting up a Single Hop On Demand (SHOD) mesh connection from that remote to another remote within the network. For these SHOD connections, it is assumed that each remote site that is part of the SHOD connection has, at minimum, one additional demodulator configured as a Remote Expansion.
MN/22137, rev 1 E n t r y C h a n n e l M o d e S w i t c h in g Entry Channel Mode Switching Entry Channel Mode (ECM) provides a method for Remotes requiring SCPC access channels to enter/re-enter the network, initially or after a power or other site outage. Two versions of Entry Channel Mode switching are used in Vipersat networks. The version that is available for implementation in a Vipersat network will vary depending on the satellite modem model that is deployed in the network.
E n t r y C h a n n e l M od e S w i t c h i n g MN/22137, rev 1 their SCPC carrier inhibit flag set. The keep alive message is sent once every two seconds until re-entry is invoked. Fail-Safe Operation For Entry Channel Mode switching, it is useful to describe the fail-safe mechanism used for freeing pool bandwidth. If the VMS loses communications with a switched Remote for more than three minutes, it will attempt to return the Remote to its home state.
MN/22137, rev 1 E n t r y C h a n n e l M o d e S w i t c h in g ECM Switch Recovery< 3min. VMS State Connected Burst Demod Remote 0 Satellite Delay 250 ms + 30ms E-E State Disconnected 180 Registration Acknowledgment Failure 189 Revert Switch Command 189.025 Switch Command ECM 189.6 No Switch wait ACK Switch Acknowledgment Force Connected Switched Demod 0 Unit Reboot 30 Home State- STDMA Wait for TX Grant 180.28 State Unknown Force Registration Set ID 189.
E n t r y C h a n n e l M od e S w i t c h i n g MN/22137, rev 1 ECM Switch Recovery > 3min. VMS State Connected Burst Demod Switched Demod Remote 0 0 Unit Reboot Satellite Delay 250 ms + 30ms E-E State Disconnected 180 Registration Acknowledgment Failure 189 Revert Switch Command 189.05 Revert Acknowledgment Failure 192 Switch Command ECM 240.28 Failure Failure 180.28 No Communications 189.35 No Communications > 240 Home State- STDMA TX Grant Burst ACK 240.
MN/22137, rev 1 NOTE E n t r y C h a n n e l M o d e S w i t c h in g Note: Refer to the Vipersat SLM-5650A modem manual for Entry Channel configuration setup. The text referenced within is similar between the CDM-570/L and the SLM-5650A; the UI page appearances may differ, however. Figure B-16 STDMA Page with Entry Channel Mode, CDM-570/570L Switching an ECM Remote from SCPC to STDMA Use the following procedure to switch an ECM Remote operating in SCPC mode back to STDMA mode.
E n t r y C h a n n e l M od e S w i t c h i n g MN/22137, rev 1 Figure B-17 ECM Remote List Page, CDM-570/570L 2. From the STDMA Remote List, select the Remote modem unit to be switched from running in SCPC to STDMA mode. Use the up and down arrows next to the Modify button to change the selected Remote. 3. Click the Modify... button to display the Remote Entry dialog shown in figure B-18. Figure B-18 Remote Bandwidth Entry, CDM-570/570L 4.
MN/22137, rev 1 E n t r y C h a n n e l M o d e S w i t c h in g and not switch out to SCPC unless either an application switch occurs or a manual switch is invoked. 5. In VMS, right-click on the Remote as shown in figure B-19, then select the Revert Uplink Carrier command from the drop-down menu. The VMS will send the revert command to the target modem, causing it to revert to its STDMA home state.
E n t r y C h a n n e l M od e S w i t c h i n g MN/22137, rev 1 required acquisition time of the receiver and the amount of time allowed for M&C packet transactions. All Remotes will receive the TAP message from the Hub, but a Remote will only transmit back to the Hub if it is a member of the specified group. Upon receipt of the TAP, the Remote resets its timing and uses the provided slot information to determine the next transmit opportunity.
MN/22137, rev 1 E n t r y C h a n n e l M o d e S w i t c h in g Figure B-20 Entry Channel Mode v2 Configuration, Hub (CDD-564L) Remote Configuration The demodulator (receive) configuration of each Remote in the group must be set appropriately in order to receive the TAP from the Hub. Because the TAP provides the necessary transmit parameters for the Remotes, manual modulator configuration by the operator is unnecessary.
E n t r y C h a n n e l M od e S w i t c h i n g MN/22137, rev 1 Figure B-21 Entry Channel Mode v2 Configuration, Remote (CDM-570L) ECM Processing A detailed representation of the sequence of steps that occur between the Hub units (the channel controller and a switched demodulator), the Remote unit, and the VMS during the ECM process is shown in figure B-22.
MN/22137, rev 1 E n t r y C h a n n e l M o d e S w i t c h in g VMS HCC Switched Demod Sta te D is con nec ted Remote B oot Satellite Delay VMS Announcement TAP RCV VMS Announcement & TAP-Waits Random Backoff Probe & Reg Req RCV Reg Request TAP SRS Send Reg Resp with Node ID RCV Reg & TAP with Assigned Slot Probes with Reg Resp and Switch Flag set Reg Complete Processes ECM Switch COMMAND E CM SW REQ Process Switch Command Switch ACK & SUM Message Sta te C onn ec te d Figure B-22 ECMv2 Proce
E n t r y C h a n n e l M od e S w i t c h i n g MN/22137, rev 1 { This Page is Intentionally Blank } B-36 Vipersat CDD-56X Series User Guide
APPENDIX DYNAMIC POWER CONTROL Introduction Dynamic Power Control (DPC) provides a mechanism whereby Vipersat satellite links have their transmit power levels adjusted in order to optimize the receive signal quality, as measured by the corresponding demodulator Eb/N0. This optimization process acts to either increase or decrease transmitted signal levels in order to: • Achieve a minimum level of received Eb/N0 consistent with providing an error-free link.
Introduction MN/22137, rev 1 caused, for example, by the use of different antenna sizes in a mesh network, or by rain fade conditions. Receive signal quality and use of system resources is optimized, resulting in a reduction in power amplifier intermodulation as well as conservation of satellite transmit power. The power control algorithm is a closed loop servo-mechanism with the received Eb/N0 values as the input function and the modulator transmit power as the output function.
MN/22137, rev 1 Description Description The behavior of the Dynamic Power Control feature is designed to regulate power by utilizing the uplink margin to limit the maximum effective transmitted power (EIRPC) of the terminal. The DPC function in the IP-enabled Vipersatoptioned modems provides controls allowing an operator to input site budget numbers that compensate and limit modulator output power.
D es cr i p ti o n MN/22137, rev 1 Offset adjustments to the modulator transmit power during rain fade conditions are applied to incoming switch commands from the VMS. This prevents possible link failures due to power value changes associated with changes in bandwidth, modulation, etc. In more detail, the BaseLine Power obtains its value from either the Home State Power Level setting or the power given to the modem by the VMS during the last switch command.
MN/22137, rev 1 Description Mbps. With a set margin of 5 dB, the additive power is never greater than the set level at any rate, but still provides a full range of power, up to the site maximum. Figure C-1 Data Rate to Power Relationship, DPC Note that only base rates are used in this example, with no alternative modulation or code rates. Margins are very important because they are used to compensate for rain attenuation which could be as severe as 8 dB in Ku-band frequencies.
D es cr i p ti o n MN/22137, rev 1 The Max Power calculator takes into consideration all the above variables and compares them to the modem BER waterfall curves to determine if the modulator range is sufficient to achieve the budgetary information. If the calculator returns an error [INVALID], the base level is either too high or the set parameters have exceeded the capacity of the equipment.
MN/22137, rev 1 Configuration point of the HPA. See “Signal Power Level Considerations” on page C-15 for more information. Configuration The DPC menus (CLI, Parameter Editor, WSI) provide configuration and calibration control to set up the site maximum power level. Note, however, that the Parameter Editor and the WSI only support a subset of what is available in the Command Line Interface (CLI).
C o nf i g ur at i o n MN/22137, rev 1 Table C-1 DPC Parameters, Main Menu Parameter Menu Default Description SOTM Offset Main; Modulator Display Only Satcom-On-The-Move hunt power adjustment when operating in STDMA mode. When enabled, this offset value is applied to the BaseLine Power when switching into SCPC mode. Used for Roaming feature. Margin Main; Modulator Display Only The site power margin as used in Max Power calculation. See Calculate Max Power for more details.
MN/22137, rev 1 Configuration Table C-2 DPC Parameters, Calculate Max Power Menu Parameter Menu Default Description Calculate Max Power Calculate Max Power; Modulator Calculate Command After entering all maximum budgetary settings, this menu command will generate the Max Power value for the modulator. Max Power Calculate Max Power; Modulator Display Only The calculated modulator maximum Power at all maximum settings (Data Rate, Code Rate, Modulation, FEC Type).
C o nf i g ur at i o n MN/22137, rev 1 changed from the CLI Calculate Max Power menu (figure C-5). The calculator function is not available from the Parameter Editor because it does not contain the information for the modem BER waterfall curves, which is vital to calculate maximum power. Consequently, the Parameter Editor provides display-only values for the maximum settings from when the parameter file was acquired from the modem.
MN/22137, rev 1 Configuration carrier value. When this value is received by the transmitting modulator, it is compared to the set value; if they are different, the modulator servos its output power level to achieve the targeted Eb/N0 level. The modulator DPC function can support multiple demodulators as assigned by the system.
C o nf i g ur at i o n MN/22137, rev 1 This calculator uses the site budgetary numbers to determine the maximum power value when operating at peak transmission settings. After the operator enters all parameters and selects the Calculate Max Power command, the calculator compares the values to base numbers and selected BER tables to determine the power budget based on the total margin.
MN/22137, rev 1 Configuration Calibrated Data Rate This is the Baseline Home State Data Rate and is used as the base reference value to calculate the maximum DPC Margin. DPC Margin The Margin setting governs the upper power limit for all combinations of waveforms given. Nominal Power Level This is the Baseline Home State modulator Power Level and is used as the base reference value to calculate the maximum DPC Margin.
C o nf i g ur at i o n MN/22137, rev 1 Max Power After entering all site budgetary numbers and selecting the Calculate Max Power command, the system processes the max settings against the BER tables to determine and display the site maximum power limit. This maximum power value is achieved only when all parameters are dynamically set to maximum and the environmental conditions are at diminished capacities.
MN/22137, rev 1 Signal Power Level Considerations Signal Power Level Considerations There are many parameters to consider when planning and commissioning a site for satellite transmission. Among the most important are selections for location, antenna size, and High Power Amplifier. Do not forget entrance link cabling. These pre-selections determine maximum operability of the site in freedom of range and limitations. Uplink power gain limitations and cable losses are the main focus of this section.
S i g n a l P o w e r L e v e l C o n s i d e r a t i on s MN/22137, rev 1 level is then calculated based on the BUC’s Pin max minus the transmit cable loss. The levels shown in the example above assume a transmit cable loss of about 12 dB. Apply this calculated value to the returned Max Power value to determine if one, the maximum power is within gain/loss limits and two, the total range is achievable. Power Considerations The amount of power is defined by the link budget.
MN/22137, rev 1 Signal Power Level Considerations A good note here is that, with the typical LO frequencies as shown in the example above, transmit and receive L-band frequencies are widely separated. If the signals were within the LNB stability/drift frequency limits, there might be a tendency for the receive side to attempt locking to its own transmit signal.
S i g n a l P o w e r L e v e l C o n s i d e r a t i on s MN/22137, rev 1 Table C-3 Typical Coaxial Cable Characteristics C-18 Cable Type Max. Freq. (MHz) O.D. (inch) Loss/100 feet (dB) @1.2 GHz Shielding Efficiency (dB) Estimated Cost/ft. (USD) Times LMR-400 (50Ω) 5,000 0.405 4.8 >90 0.64 Times LMR-600 (50Ω) 5,000 0.59 3.1 >90 1.30 Belden 9913 (50Ω) 5,000 0.405 5.2 >90 0.60 RG214 (50Ω) 5,000 0.405 10.1 >90 1.70 3/8-inch LDF (50Ω) 5,000 0.44 4.1 >90 1.
APPENDIX ECM MIGRATION Migrating from STDMA/ECMv1 to Aloha/ECMv2 in a CDM-570/L Network General The material in this appendix is offered to provide a step-by-step procedure for network operators to migrate an STDMA/ECMv1 control channel to the latest version of Aloha/ECMv2. This new Entry Channel feature is based on modified slotted Aloha and differs from the current STDMA/ECM control protocol, but it does leverage some of the STDMA software foundation to support the feature changes.
G en e r a l MN/22137, rev 1 All other standard controls for access into dSCPC are maintained, but because of a new fixed entry switch type, VMS version 3.9.2 or greater is required. Because most networks are likely to have Remote sites off-the-air for various reasons, the task of upgrading all locations during a planned maintenance period introduces complexity, particularly where the upgrade breaks current protocol.
MN/22137, rev 1 M i g r a t i on P r oc e d u r e Migration Procedure This procedure is intended for Remote sites that are online or offline with Hub communications. The following steps are accomplished remotely through communication links from Hub to Remote site. 1. Save backup parameter configuration files for all of the Remotes. Store these files as current configuration to facilitate the option to fall back to STDMA ECM. 2.
M i gr at i o n P r o ce d u r e MN/22137, rev 1 Figure D-1 STDMA Configuration Page, Remote CDM-570/L 3. Click on the OK button to implement the change, and Save to Flash when prompted to ensure that this new configuration is preserved during Hub configuration. The new configuration parameters will be uploaded and the Remote will be forced to its Home State, awaiting new TAP messages. The transmit may be disabled during the time period for Hub reconfiguration.
MN/22137, rev 1 M i g r a t i on P r oc e d u r e Configure Hub Unit Once all active Remotes have been configured to ECMv2/Online state, the next step is to configure the ECM Hub Channel Controller, which can be the demodulator on either a CDM-570 or a CDD-56X. Caution: If a separate controller is in use while the current STDMA unit(s) are running, make absolutely sure that the Group ID is unique from what is currently configured in the running STDMA's.
M i gr at i o n P r o ce d u r e MN/22137, rev 1 After the Hub Type is changed to ECMv2, the controller will start sending TAP multicast messages using the burst map multicast address 239.1.2.3, and broadcasting to the group the frequency, data rate, and timing as well as where and when the Remotes can transmit.
MN/22137, rev 1 M i g r a t i on P r oc e d u r e Example: The recommended settings for 64 kbps, QPSK, 3/4 • Guardband—60 msec • Preamble Length—300 msec • Total Slot Count—10 Tip: A Vipersat calculator is available to optimize these settings. Contact a Comtech Vipersat Networks representative for a copy of the latest Vipersat ECM Calculator. There is no Remote List for ECMv2 like there is for ECMv1.
M i gr at i o n P r o ce d u r e MN/22137, rev 1 5. Save the configuration to Flash on the ECM Hub Controller. This concludes the ECM migration procedure.
APPENDIX GLOSSARY A ACK A signal used in computing and other fields to indicate acknowledgement, such as a packet message used in TCP to acknowledge the receipt of a packet. ACM Adaptive Coding and Modulation – A technique that optimizes throughput in a wireless data link by adapting the forward error correction code rate and the modulation order according to the noise conditions (or other impairments) on the link. A feature that is supported in CEFD modems such as the CDM-840 Remote Router.
MN/22137, rev 1 BER Bit Error Rate (sometimes Ratio) – A measure of the number of data bits received incorrectly compared to the total number of bits transmitted. BPM Bridge Point-to-Multipoint – Routing mode option available in the SLM-5650A satellite modem. bps bits per second – A measure of the bit rate or transmission speed of a digital communication link. See also kbps and Mbps. BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying – Sometimes referred to as 2-PSK.
MN/22137, rev 1 CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check – A method of applying a checksum to a block of data to determine if any errors occurred during transmission over communications links. CXR Carrier – A radio frequency transmission linking points and over which information may be carried. D DAMA Demand Assigned Multiple Access – A process whereby communications links are only activated when there is an actual demand. dBm Decibel referenced to 1 milliwatt.
MN/22137, rev 1 Es/N0 The ratio of Es (energy per symbol) and N0 (noise power spectral density per Hz). This is closely approximate to the carrier-to-noise ratio (C/N). Es is the energy of a bit (not an information bit) measured in Joules or, equivalently, in Watts per Hertz. This measurement is typically used to quantify a DVB-S2 carrier.
MN/22137, rev 1 GIR Group ID GUI Guaranteed Information Rate A number assigned to equipment which defines it as a member of a group when addressed by the VMS Hub Controller. Graphical User Interface – A form of graphical shell or user interface to a computer operating system or software application. H H.323 A protocol standard for multimedia communications designed to support realtime transfer of audio (such as voice over IP) and video data over packet networks. Quality of Service is a key feature of H.
MN/22137, rev 1 IGMP Internet Group Management Protocol – An IP communications protocol used by network hosts and adjacent routers to establish multicast group memberships. Image A binary firmware file that provides the operational code for the processor(s) in a network unit. IP Internet Protocol – A format for data packets used on networks accessing the Internet. ISP Internet Service Provider – A company providing Internet access.
MN/22137, rev 1 LO Local Oscillator – A component used in upconverters, downconverters, and transponders for frequency translation (heterodyne) of the carrier signal. M M&C Monitor & Control MAC Media Access Control – A protocol controlling access to the physical layer of an Ethernet network. Mbps Mega bits per second – 1 Million bits/second. A measure of the bit rate or transmission speed of a digital communication link. See also bps and kbps.
MN/22137, rev 1 NOC NP Network Operations Center – The main control center for network operations. A NOC can interrogate, control, and log network activities for the satellite Hub as well as any Remote node. Network Processor – Also referred to as the IP Module. An optional assembly for Comtech EF Data modems that provides the 10/100 BaseT Ethernet interface that is required when used in Vipersat networks.
MN/22137, rev 1 PSTN PUM Public Switched Telephone Network – The world’s public circuit-switched telephone network, digital and analog, and includes mobile as well as land-line voice and data communications. Periodic Update Message – A packet message that is sent by newer Vipersat modems (e.g., CDM-840) to the VMS every sixty seconds, providing either registration request or status update and operating parameter information (SUM).
MN/22137, rev 1 RS-232 A common electrical/physical standard issued by the IEEE used for point to point serial communications up to approximately 115 kb/s. RTP Real-time Transport Protocol – A standardized packet format for delivering real-time applications such as audio and video over the Internet. Frequently used in streaming media systems, videoconferencing, and VoIP.
MN/22137, rev 1 T TAP TCP/IP TDM Transmission Announcement Protocol – A proprietary multicast message sent out by the HCC to all associated Remotes in the group, specifying the relative start time and duration for each terminal to transmit while in Entry Channel mode (ECMv2). Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol – A standard for networking over unreliable transmission paths. See also UDP.
MN/22137, rev 1 VCS Vipersat Circuit Scheduler – The ArrangeLink VCS is a proprietary satellite communication scheduling system used to schedule Vipersat network resources in support of a variety of high-priority applications such as video conferencing and scheduled broadcasting. VersaFEC Advanced forward error correction technology from CEFD that provides maximum coding gain with lowest possible latency to support latency-sensitive data applications, such as voice, video, and cellular backhaul.
MN/22137, rev 1 WRED Weighted Random Early Detection – A queue management algorithm with congestion avoidance capabilities and packet classification (QoS) providing prioritization.
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