RAID Array 4100 User Guide Second Edition (January 2000) Part Number 146297-002 Compaq Computer Corporation
Notice The information in this publication is subject to change without notice. COMPAQ COMPUTER CORPORATION SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR TECHNICAL OR EDITORIAL ERRORS OR OMISSIONS CONTAINED HEREIN, NOR FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM THE FURNISHING, PERFORMANCE, OR USE OF THIS MATERIAL.
Contents About This Guide Text Conventions........................................................................................................ix Symbols in Text...........................................................................................................x Symbols on Equipment................................................................................................x Rack Stability .........................................................................................................
iv Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide Chapter 2 Installation Materials Needed ..................................................................................................... 2-1 Installing the RAID Array 4100............................................................................... 2-2 Choosing a Location ................................................................................................ 2-3 Installing the RA4100 .........................................................
About This Guide Chapter 4 Troubleshooting Interpreting Component LEDs................................................................................. 4-1 Hard Drive LEDs.............................................................................................. 4-1 Fibre Host Adapter LEDs ................................................................................. 4-2 RA4000 Controller LEDs .................................................................................
vi Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide Running the Array Configuration Utility continued NetWare Online Array Configuration Utility (CPQONLIN)................................. 5-27 Auto-configuration.......................................................................................... 5-28 Custom Configuration..................................................................................... 5-29 Handling Disk Drive Failures ...............................................................
About This Guide Appendix E Hard Drive Arrays The Drive Array....................................................................................................... E-1 Drive Arrays ..................................................................................................... E-4 Logical Drives .................................................................................................. E-4 Drive Array Benefits.....................................................................................
About This Guide This guide is designed to be used as step-by-step instructions for installation and as a reference for operation, troubleshooting, and future upgrades. It assumes you are qualified to install and service computer equipment and that you are trained to recognize hazards in products with hazardous energy levels, such as the power supplies in this computer system. WARNING: There is a risk of personal injury from hazardous energy levels.
ix Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide Text Conventions This document uses the following conventions to distinguish elements of text: Keys Keys appear in boldface. A plus sign (+) between two keys indicates that they should be pressed simultaneously. USER INPUT User input appears in a different typeface and in uppercase. FILENAMES File names appear in uppercase italics. Menu Options, Command Names, Dialog Box Names These elements appear in initial capital letters.
About This Guide Symbols in Text These symbols may be found in the text of this guide. They have the following meanings. WARNING: Text set off in this manner indicates that failure to follow directions in the warning could result in bodily harm or loss of life. CAUTION: Text set off in this manner indicates that failure to follow directions could result in damage to equipment or loss of information. IMPORTANT: Text set off in this manner presents clarifying information or specific instructions.
xi Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide Any surface or area of the equipment marked with these symbols indicates the presence of a hot surface or hot component. If this surface is contacted, the potential for injury exists. WARNING: To reduce the risk of injury from a hot component, allow the surface to cool before touching. Power Supplies or Systems marked with these symbols indicate the equipment is supplied by multiple sources of power.
About This Guide Compaq Technical Support You are entitled to free hardware technical telephone support for your product for as long you own the product. A technical support specialist will help you diagnose the problem or guide you to the next step in the warranty process. In North America, call the Compaq Technical Phone Support Center at 1 1-800-OK-COMPAQ . This service is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Outside North America, call the nearest Compaq Technical Support Phone Center.
xiii Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide Compaq Authorized Reseller For the name of your nearest Compaq Authorized Reseller: ■ In the United States, call 1-800-345-1518. ■ In Canada, call 1-800-263-5868. ■ Elsewhere, see the Compaq website for locations and telephone numbers.
Chapter 1 Introduction The Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 is a high-performance, external system using various Fibre Channel devices and the Fibre Channel I/O Standard to connect servers to external storage systems.
1-2 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide ■ Wide-Ultra SCSI-3, Fast-Wide SCSI, and Fast SCSI-2 hard drive support The Compaq StorageWorks RA4100 comes in a rack-mountable model, as shown in Figure 1-1. Figure 1-1.
Introduction Table 1-1 RA4100 Features continued Features Description SCSI ID Select Automatic Options Longwave GBIC Hot-Pluggable Components Drives Fan Assembly Redundant Power Supply LEDs Hard Drives Storage System Front Panel Fan Assembly RA4000 Controller Power Supply Warranty Three-years parts and labor On-site where available 1-3
1-4 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide Front Panel Features Figure 1-2 shows the front panel controls accessible to the user. 1 2 3 Figure 1-2.
Introduction Rear Panel Features Figure 1-3 shows the features and accessible components on the rear panel. 1 2 3 4 5 Figure 1-3. Rear panel features Power supply RA4000 Controller Blank panel (Redundant RA4000 Controller) Redundant power supply bay Fan Assembly Hot-Pluggability Hot-pluggability refers to the ability to remove and replace components without powering down the system.
1-6 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide RA4000 Controller—If the failed RA4000 Controller cache is replaced with the same size cache on the existing RA4000 Controller, the controller can be removed, the cache replaced, and the controller reinstalled without interrupting system operation. To change the cache size, you must power down the system. See Chapter 4, “Troubleshooting,” for specific limitations when replacing hot-pluggable components.
Introduction Features The advanced features supported by the RA4000 Controller are: ■ Support for RAID 0, 1, 4, and 5 fault-tolerance options ■ Fibre Channel support for connection to the server ■ Support for Compaq Hot Plug Ultra2 Disk Drives at Wide-Ultra SCSI-3 speeds.
1-8 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide There are several ways to configure each set of hardware. The Array Configuration Utility helps you configure the hardware in the way that best suits your needs. See Chapter 5, “Running the Array Configuration Utility,” for information on the Array Configuration Utility. Fault Tolerance Fault tolerance refers to several possible methods used to protect your system from data loss in the event of a hardware failure somewhere in the storage system.
Introduction Array Accelerator WARNING: There is risk of fire and burns if the battery pack is not handled properly. For precautions regarding batteries, see Appendix A, “Regulatory Compliance Notices.” The Array Accelerator consists of the 16-MB Read Cache on the controller board and 48-MB Read/Write ECC battery-backed removable cache. The RA4000 Controller Array Accelerator improves performance on data access to the drive array by serving as a posted-write cache and read-ahead cache.
1-10 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide Performance Monitoring Compaq Insight Manager can be used to monitor the performance of several RA4000 Controller parameters. The displayed parameters include CPU usage, total number of read and write commands processed, and average time to process a read or write command. Also displayed for each logical drive are total I/O count, number of read and write requests, and number of sectors read or written.
Introduction Redundant Power Supply The Compaq RA4100 includes a second power supply, which acts as a redundant supply. The redundant power supply is identical to the primary supply and shares the electrical load equally. If either supply fails or is removed, the other supply takes over the full load without interruption. Hotpluggability allows you to replace the failed supply without shutting the system down. See Chapter 4, “Replacing a Redundant Power Supply” for more information.
Chapter 2 Installation This chapter provides information for installing and configuring the Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100. Materials Needed IMPORTANT: To take advantage of all features and make sure you have the latest firmware update, check the Compaq website at www.compaq.com.
2-2 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide ■ GigaBit Interface Converter (GBIC) modules (Two GBICs are required for each Fibre Channel cable installed.) Short-wave GBIC option kit for use with multi-mode cables (part number 234459-B21) NOTE: Two Short-wave GBICs are provided with each RA4100 and Fibre Host Adapter. Long-wave GBIC option kit for use with single-mode cables (part number 340412-B21) NOTE: Single-mode Fibre Channel cables are not provided with this kit.
Installation 5. Install the Fibre Host Adapter in an available slot in the server. Refer to the Compaq StorageWorks Fibre Channel Host Bus Adapter Installation Guide and the server documentation for details about installing option boards. 6. Install a GigaBit Interface Converter (GBIC) module in the receptacle provided at the Fibre Host Adapter and the RA4000 Controller. The Fibre Channel Storage Hub requires two GBICs-- one for each cable attached. 7.
2-4 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide Installing the RA4100 Before beginning these procedures, make sure you understand the following warnings and caution: WARNING: To reduce the risk of personal injury or damage to the equipment, be sure that: ■ The leveling jacks are extended to the floor. ■ The full weight of the rack rests on the leveling jacks. ■ The stabilizing feet are attached to the rack, if it is a single rack installation.
Installation Environment When installing your Compaq RA4100 in a rack, certain temperature standards and power requirements must be met. Space Requirements The following requirements must be considered when deciding where to install your rack: ■ Clearance in the front of the rack should be a minimum of 25 inches for the front door to open all the way and for adequate airflow. ■ Clearance in the back of the rack should be a minimum of 30 inches to allow for servicing and for adequate airflow.
2-6 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide Grounding For proper operation and safety, this equipment is required to be grounded properly in accordance with NFPA 70-1993, Article 250. All power distribution devices, branch wiring, and receptacles must be listed grounding type devices. Due to the higher ground leakage currents associated with the equipment, Compaq recommends the use of a Power Distribution Unit (PDU) that provides a supplementary ground conductor.
Installation The maximum internal rack temperature for your configuration should not exceed the values in the following table: Table 2-1 Rack Internal Temperature Maximums Equipment Included Maximum Internal Rack Temperature Compaq RA4100 40 degrees C/104 degrees F Compaq Rack-Mountable options 40 degrees C/104 degrees F Other manufacturer’s options See other manufacturers’ specifications CAUTION: To reduce the risk of damage to the equipment when installing thirdparty options: ■ Make sure that t
2-8 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide Blanking Panels If all the vertical space in the rack is not filled by components, the gaps that are left will cause a change in airflow through the rack and across the components. These gaps need to be covered with blanking panels. Installation Installing the RA4100 To install the RA4100 in a 19-inch rack, you must perform these steps. 1. Remove any blank panels from the chosen rack location. 2.
Installation 5. Use a pencil to outline the square holes in the front mounting rails indicated on the rack template tool that will be used to secure the mounting brackets and the storage system to the rack cabinet. 6. Use the reverse side of the rack template tool to mark the equivalent mounting holes on the rear mounting rails of the rack cabinet. CAUTION: To reduce the risk of injury or damage to the equipment, the mounting brackets must be level.
2-10 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide 10. Identify the front of the right and left mounting brackets. The tabs help align the bracket for correct mounting position. TROJ026.eps Figure 2-3. Mounting brackets with alignment tabs 11. Attach the brackets to the front mounting rails with the two screws provided. Tighten the screws securely. TROJ034.eps Figure 2-4.
Installation 12. Attach the brackets to the rear mounting rails with the two screws provided. Tighten the screws securely. 1 TROJ035.eps Figure 2-5. Attaching the brackets to the rear mounting rails 13. Place the RA4100 on the mounting brackets and slide it fully into the rack. TROJ038.EPS Figure 2-6. Installing the RA4100 into the rack 14. Secure the RA4100 in the rack with the two thumbscrews in the corners of the front panel.
2-12 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide Installing the Hot-Pluggable Hard Drives To install the hot-pluggable drives into the RA4100: 1. Choose the bay location (SCSI ID) of the drive. 2. Refer to the markings on storage system front panel to find the correct location of the drive tray. 3. On the new drive, press the ejector lever and pivot to full open position. 1 2 Figure 2-7. Inserting the drive and latching into place 4.
Installation Installing the Storage Hub The StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 supports the Storage Hub 7 or the Storage Hub 12. Installing the Storage Hub 7 The Storage Hub 7 provides a central point of connectivity for the Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop and should be mounted in a convenient location. To install the Storage Hub 7: 1. Find a convenient location in the rack or at another location. For more information on mounting the Storage Hub in a rack, refer to the documentation that came with the device. 2.
2-14 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide Installing the Storage Hub 12 The Storage Hub 12 provides a central point of connectivity for the Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop and should be mounted in a convenient location. To install the Storage Hub 12: 1. Find a convenient location in the rack or at another location. For more information on mounting the Storage Hub in a rack, refer to the documentation that came with the device. 2.
Installation Installing a Compaq Fibre Host Adapter in a Server 1. Refer to the server documentation for specific instructions on how to install an EISA or a PCI option board in the server. 2. Refer to the Compaq StorageWorks Fibre Channel Host Bus Adapter Installation Guide for installation instructions specific to the Fibre Host Adapter. Hardware, operating system, and device driver installation instructions are included in the installation guide.
2-16 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide Figure 2-10. GigaBit Interface Converter Module (GBIC) Multi-Mode Fibre Channel Cable Multi-mode Fibre Channel cables are capable of supporting distances of 2 meters to 500 meters. These cables are for use with Short-wave GBICs only. To ease the installation of the Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100, three multi-mode Fibre Channel cable option kits are available from Compaq.
Installation Cable Installation Considerations To ensure the cabling in the back of a rack system does not interfere with system operation or maintenance, follow these instructions for cable management. This configuration allows removal of either hot-pluggable power supply in redundant power supply systems without disturbing system operation. With the cables out of the way, LEDs are easily visible. CAUTION: Do not overtighten the cable ties. Damage to the optical cables may result.
2-18 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide Connecting the Power If you were not provided with a power cord for your computer, you should purchase a power cord that is approved for use in your country. The power cord must be rated for the product and for the voltage and current marked on the product's electrical ratings label. The voltage and current rating of the cord should be greater than the voltage and current rating marked on the product.
Installation WARNING: To reduce the risk of electric shock or damage to the equipment: ■ Do not disable the power cord grounding plug. The grounding plug is an important safety feature. ■ Plug the power cord into a grounded (earthed) electrical outlet that is easily accessible at all times. ■ Disconnect power from the storage system by unplugging all power cords from either the electrical outlet or storage system. 2. Plug the power cord into a nearby, grounded outlet. 3.
Chapter 3 Operation This chapter describes the operational features of the Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100. Applying Power Before applying power to the RA4100, all components of the storage system must be installed and connected to the Storage Hub. Hard drives should be installed in the RA4100 so that they can be identified and configured at power up. The StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 components must be powered up in the following order: 1.
3-2 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide Front Panel The front panel LEDs are found on the RA4100. 1 2 Figure 3-1. Front panel LEDs Table 3-1 Front Panel LEDs Number LED Power Fault Condition Meaning Green System power ON Off System in STANDBY or system power has been removed Amber Fault detected in one or more sub-systems Off No faults detected IMPORTANT: The system power in the RA4100 does not shut off completely with the power switch.
Operation Power Supply The LEDs shown in Figure 3-2 apply only to the power supply on which they are located. 1 2 2 1 Figure 3-2. Power supply LEDs Table 3-2 Power Supply LEDs Number LED Status Condition Meaning Amber Fault detected in this power supply. Amber flashing Failed self-test. Green/Amber alternating Power supply failed to restart after a prolonged fault. -ORPower supply is not installed correctly. Check for damaged connector pins and reinstall.
3-4 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide Fan Assembly The fan assembly LED applies only to that module. Figure 3-3. Fan Assembly LED Table 3-3 Fan Assembly LED LED Condition Meaning Status Green Fans running normally. Amber Fault detected in one or more fans. Off No power connected to fan array module.
Operation Hard Drives The hard drive LEDs apply to the hard drive on which they are located. The three disk drive status LEDs (see Figure 3-4) define the operational status of each drive. 1 3 2 Figure 3-4. Hard drive LEDs Table 3-4 Hard Drive LEDs LED Online Condition Meaning Green Drive is configured and recognized by the controller. Flashing Volume reconstruction or expansion is in progress. DO NOT REMOVE THE DRIVE Drive Access Drive Failure Off Drive is inactive.
Chapter 4 Troubleshooting This chapter contains troubleshooting procedures and suggestions that you should follow to diagnose problems quickly and to minimize their impact on the Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 operation. Interpreting Component LEDs If the fault LED on the front panel of the RA4100 is amber, or if Compaq Insight Manager indicates a fault, determine the reason for this alert immediately. Examine the component LEDs to see if any indicates a fault.
4-2 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide Figure 4-1. Drive Failure LED If any Drive Failure LED appears amber, replace that drive as soon as possible. See “Replacing Components” later in this chapter for important information on when it is safe to replace drives. Fibre Host Adapter LEDs The Fibre Host Adapter has two status LEDs. The Transmit LED indicates that the Fibre Host Adapter is transmitting data over the Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop (FC-AL).
Troubleshooting 2 1 Figure 4-3. Fibre Host Adapter/E LEDs RA4000 Controller LEDs During normal runtime, the RA4000 Controller has 18 LEDs that indicate activity or malfunction of the controller. They are the Transmit LED , the Receive LED , and sixteen status LEDs labeled 0-15. Table 4-1 describes the purpose and function of each LED. 1 1514 1312 1110 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 2 Figure 4-4.
4-4 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide Table 4-1 RA4000 Controller LED Descriptions LED Function 0-2 Busy status Description ON = All LEDs on indicate this array controller is idle OFF = All LEDs off indicate this array controller is operating at full capacity 3-7 Fibre Channel ID 8 Heartbeat 9 Active/Standby Indicates the 5-bit Arbitrated Loop Physical Address (ALPA) assigned to this array controller Blinks at 1Hz rate, indicating interrupts are enabled and the array controller is
Troubleshooting Fibre Channel Storage Hub LEDs Storage Hub 7 The Fibre Channel Storage Hub 7 has two rows of LEDs. The top green LED is lit when a GBIC is installed correctly in the receptacle. Figure 4-5. GBIC-Installed LED on the Storage Hub 7 The bottom row of amber LEDs indicates when a specific port of the storage hub is in bypass mode. When a GBIC is installed correctly and the port is not in the bypass mode (normal), the LED is not lit. Figure 4-6.
4-6 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide Storage Hub 12 When power is applied, all LEDs turn on during the self-test, which lasts 15 to 60 seconds. After the power self test, the Power LED stays lit and the Fault LED turns off. 2 1 Figure 4-7. Power and Fault LEDs on the Storage Hub 12 The GBIC-Installed LEDs are the upper green LEDs associated with each GBIC receptacle. When a GBIC module is installed correctly, the corresponding green LED turns on. Figure 4-8.
Troubleshooting The lower amber LED is the Bypass Port LED, which indicates that the associated port is in bypass mode. Ports that do not detect valid FC-AL links are placed in bypass mode by the hub. The amber LED is turned on for each port in the bypass mode. Figure 4-9. Bypass mode LED on the Storage Hub 12 Fan Assembly CAUTION: Failure to follow the instructions in this section can result in component damage. If the fan assembly LED is amber, the replace the fan assembly as soon as possible.
4-8 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide Figure 4-10. Fan Assembly LED See “Replacing Components” later in this chapter for important information on how to replace this module. CAUTION: Do not allow the RA4100 to operate for more than five minutes without a working Fan Assembly in place. Operation longer than this with no forced air cooling, especially in arrays with a full complement of drives, may permanently damage the drives or electronics in the RA4100 and result in data loss.
Troubleshooting 1 2 Figure 4-11. Power supply LED If this LED is amber, flashing amber, or alternating green/amber, replace the power supply as soon as possible. See “Replacing Components” later in this chapter for important information on how to replace the power supply. Replacing Components CAUTION: It is important to follow these instructions when replacing components in the RA4100. If the procedure is done improperly, it is possible to lose data or damage equipment.
4-10 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide 5. Squeeze the tabs on either side of the GBIC , then remove the GBIC by pulling it straight out of the RA4000 Controller . 3 2 3 2 2 1 1 2 Figure 4-12. Removing the Fibre Channel cable and GBIC 6. Squeeze the latches and pivot open the two ejector levers the RA4000 Controller. securing 7. Remove the RA4000 Controller by pulling it straight out of the chassis . 3 1 2 1 Figure 4-13. Removing the RA4000 Controller 8.
Troubleshooting 9. Push the controller in as far as it will go and close both latches against the rear panel . The levers on each latch should catch behind the metal lip, drawing the board into position and securing it into place. 1 2 2 Figure 4-14. Installing the RA4000 Controller 10. Replace the GBIC and connect the Fibre Channel cable. 11. Reconnect the power cords. 12. Power up the RA4100. 13. Power up the servers attached to the RA4100.
4-12 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide 3 2 3 2 2 1 1 2 Figure 4-15. Removing the Fibre Channel cable and GBIC 3. Squeeze the latches and pivot open the two ejector levers the RA4000 Controller.
Troubleshooting 4. Remove the RA4000 Controller by pulling it straight out of the chassis . 3 1 2 1 Figure 4-16. Removing the RA4000 Controller 5. Install the replacement RA4000 Controller by inserting it into the tracks in the rear panel opening. 6. Push the controller in as far as it will go and close both latches against the rear panel . The levers on each latch should catch behind the metal lip, drawing the board into position and securing it into place. 1 2 2 Figure 4-17.
4-14 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide Replacing the RA4000 Controller Cache IMPORTANT: Replacing the RA4000 Controller cache with the same size cache does not require that you power down the system. If you upgrade the cache, or reinstall a different RA4000 Controller, you must power down the system. 1. If you will be upgrading the cache or reinstalling a different RA4000 Controller, power down the servers attached to the RA4100, then power down the RA4100. 2.
Troubleshooting 6. Carefully pull the daughterboard away from the controller board unplugging the signal connectors. , 2 1 Figure 4-19. Removing the daughterboard 7. Align the connectors of the new daughterboard with the controller board; plug the daughterboard onto the RA4000 Controller . Be sure the connectors are fully mated by squeezing the boards together at the connector side. 8. Align the plastic standoff on the daughterboard with the slot in the controller board.
4-16 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide 9. With the daughterboard installed, push the RA4000 Controller in as far as it will go . 10. Close both latches against the rear panel . The levers on each latch should catch behind the metal lip, drawing the board into place and securing it. 1 2 2 Figure 4-21. Replacing the RA4000 Controller 11. Replace the GBIC and reconnect the Fibre Channel cable. 12.
Troubleshooting 4. Pull the GBIC out of the device . 3 2 3 2 2 1 1 2 Figure 4-22. Removing the failed GBIC 5. To insert a new GBIC, reverse steps 1 through 4. CAUTION: To reduce the risk of damage to the equipment, do not use excessive force when inserting the GBIC module. Removing Fibre Channel Cables If a Fibre Channel cable fails, follow this procedure to replace the failed cable. It is not necessary to power down the system. 1. Remove the failed Fibre Channel cable from the GBICs at both ends.
4-18 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide replacement. The second power supply takes over for the first in this type of redundant configuration. WARNING: To reduce the risk of injury or damage to the equipment, observe the following precautions when connecting and disconnecting power to the power supplies: ■ Install the power supply before connecting the power cord to the power supply. ■ Unplug the power cord before removing the power supply from the equipment.
Troubleshooting CAUTION: Do not operate the RA4100 for extended periods of time with either power supply location open. Internal cooling airflow will be disrupted without a power supply or blank cover installed in both locations. This could cause overheating of internal components and possible data loss. Retain the blank power supply cover for reuse in case it is necessary to remove one of the supplies. 3.
4-20 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide CAUTION: Do not allow the RA4100 to operate for more than five minutes without a working fan array module in place. Operation longer than this with no forced air cooling, especially in systems with a full complement of drives, may permanently damage the drives or electronics in the RA4100 and result in data loss. If the temperature gets too high, the RA4100 will automatically shut down the power supply and redundant power supply, if installed.
Troubleshooting 2 2 1 Figure 4-26. Installing the Fan Assembly Module The three fans should start turning immediately. The status LED on the Fan Assembly and the fault LED on the front panel will turn green after a few seconds, indicating a fully functioning fan assembly. Replacing Hard Drives CAUTION: If you must replace a hot-pluggable drive, it is important that you follow the guidelines in this section. Failure to do so could result in data loss and could void your warranty.
4-22 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide Drive Indicators OK to remove drive if not part of fault-tolerant configuration OK to remove failed drive DO NOT remove drive DO NOT remove drive DO NOT remove drive DO NOT remove drive OFF Online Drive Access Figure 4-27.
Troubleshooting Follow these guidelines when replacing drives: ■ Never remove more than one drive at a time. When you replace a drive, the controller uses data from the other drives in the array to reconstruct data on the replacement drive. If you remove more than one drive, a complete data set is not available to reconstruct data on the replacement drive(s) and permanent data loss could occur. ■ Never remove a working drive.
4-24 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide To replace a drive: Be sure that the Online and Drive Access LEDs are both OFF. See Figure 4-27. 1. Press the ejector and pivot the lever to full open position. 1 2 Figure 4-28. Opening the drive tray latches 2. Pull the drive out of the storage system drive cage. 3. On the new hard drive, press the ejector open position. 2 and pivot the lever to full 1 Figure 4-29.
Troubleshooting 4. Insert the new drive into the same bay as the drive just removed, sliding it in as far as it will go . Make sure the ejector lever is in the full open position to ensure a correct latch. 5. Close the ejector lever against the front of the drive. The locking hinge must be engaged behind the front panel of the unit. The drive tray LEDs light one at a time and then turn off together to indicate that the system has recognized the new drive.
Chapter 5 Running the Array Configuration Utility This chapter provides instructions for using the Compaq Array Configuration Utility (ACU) and describes methods for configuring your controller quickly and easily. The Array Configuration Utility is located on the SmartStart and Support Software CD. The utility uses a graphic interface to help you configure the Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4000 Controller.
5-2 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide ■ Error and Warning Messages ■ NetWare Online Array Configuration Utility The Array Configuration Utility: ■ Uses easy-to-understand graphics to illustrate controller configuration ■ Describes various configuration errors ■ Uses wizards that guide you through the configuration process ■ Suggests optimal configuration and fault tolerance for unconfigured controllers Before You Begin During a first-time installation and configuration of the RA40
Running the Array Configuration Utility Accessing Online If the server you are configuring is running Windows NT, you can install and run the Array Configuration Utility online. When the Compaq Software Support Diskette for Microsoft Windows NT (NT SSD) is installed, the diskette prompts you to insert the Array Configuration Utility diskette to install the utility. A program icon is created automatically. Select the icon to run the Array Configuration Utility.
5-4 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide ■ Unused space on an array—If the Array Configuration Utility detects unused capacity in an array, the configuration wizard leads you through the process of configuring the space into one or more logical drives. Getting Help Press F1 or click the Help button to activate context-sensitive, online help for each screen. A status bar at the bottom of the screen also displays help messages describing the current selection.
Running the Array Configuration Utility Creating a New Array—Example For this example, use the following assumptions: ■ Four 4.3-GB drives and two 9.1-GB drives are connected to the RA4000 controller. ■ There will be two arrays. Array A consists of three 4.3-GB drives, with the fourth 4.3-GB drive used as a spare. Array B has two 9.1-GB drives. ■ The fault-tolerance method for all logical drives on Array A is RAID 5, Distributed Data Guarding.
5-6 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide Figure 5-3.
Running the Array Configuration Utility Step 2: Grouping physical drives of the same size into an array 1. Click the Create Array button. The Create Drive Array screen appears. Figure 5-4. Create Drive Array screen NOTE: Always group physical drives of the same size. If you mix drive sizes, the capacity of the larger drives is wasted. Select the three drives you want to make up the array from the drives on the left.
5-8 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide Figure 5-5. Example Array A NOTE: The same spare drive can be assigned to multiple arrays. However, spare drives should have the same or greater capacity as the drives in the array. 4. Click the Done button to return to the Main Configuration screen. The Logical Configuration View area should look similar to the following figure.
Running the Array Configuration Utility Figure 5-6. Example Array - Logical Configuration View with one Array 5. Select the controller, then click the Create Array button to create Array B. 6. Assign both 9.1-GB drives to the array, then click the Done button. NOTE: In this example, each array was created using drives from the same SCSI Port.
5-10 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide Figure 5-7. Create Logical Drive screen 3. In the upper-left area of this screen, click the Distributed Data Guarding (RAID 5) option button. 4. Click the Array Accelerator Enable button. 5. Stripe Size can be left at the default for the selected RAID level, or set to another value. See the section titled “Creating Logical Drive Screen” later in this chapter for a detailed description. 6.
Running the Array Configuration Utility Figure 5-8. Example array - Configuration View screen with two Arrays Capacity Expansion Capacity expansion involves adding storage capacity to an array that has already been configured. If an existing array is nearly full of data, you can expand the capacity without disturbing the existing data. The RA4000 controller capacity expansion feature allows new physical drives to be added to the array.
5-12 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide 2. Assign the new physical drives to an existing array. Existing logical drives will automatically expand across the physical drives, including the newly added ones. 3. Create a new logical drive to use the extra space on the expanded array. See the following example. Expanding Array Capacity—Example For this example, assume a configuration similar to the previous one, except that the fourth 4.
Running the Array Configuration Utility Figure 5-10. Expansion wizards - Logical Drive screen 6. Click the Create Logical Drive button. 7. Set the fault tolerance, array accelerator, stripe size, and size for Logical Drive 2. 8. Click the Done button. 9. At the main screen, select Controller, Save Configuration from the menu bar. This saves the new settings for Logical Drive 2 and starts the capacity expansion process.
5-14 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide Capacity Extension Logical drive extension allows you to increase the size of existing logical drives without disturbing the data on those logical drives. If an existing logical drive is full of data, you can extend the logical drive when there is free space on the array. If there is no free space on the array, add drives to the array and extend the logical drive. IMPORTANT: Logical drive extension is not supported by all operating systems.
Running the Array Configuration Utility NOTE: The Extend Logical Drive screen displays the current capacity and RAID overhead of the selected logical drive (Figure 5-11). Figure 5-11. Extend Logical Drive screen 4. Click the slider control to change (increase) the size of the logical drive. NOTE: You cannot reduce the size of the logical drive from this screen. 5. Click Done. 6. Save the logical drive by clicking the Controller menu and selecting the Save Configuration option.
5-16 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide Online Migration Use the Online RAID Level or Stripe Size Migration screen to: ■ Reconfigure a currently configured logical drive to a new fault tolerance (RAID) level ■ Change an existing logical drive’s stripe size to a new stripe size Both can be done online without causing any data loss.
Running the Array Configuration Utility Figure 5-12. RAID/Stripe Size screen 4. Click the (RAID 5) Distributed Data Guarding option button. 5. The stripe size can be left at the default for the selected RAID level or set to another value. In this example, 16 KB is selected. 6. Click Done.
5-18 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide Redundant Controllers Redundant pairs of Raid Array 4000 Controllers are marked with a special icon and label in the Array Configuration Utility. Figure 5-13 shows a redundant pair of RA4000 Controllers in the Main Configuration Screen. Select the controller and click the More Information button to see the configuration details of the redundant pair. Figure 5-13.
Running the Array Configuration Utility Array Configuration Utility Screens Main Configuration Screen The main configuration screen is the first screen that displays after the configuration wizard finishes. Some areas are highlighted and some appear gray. You cannot select gray areas until you select an item in the Configuration View box providing that option. Figure 5-14.
5-20 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide ■ Help—Use to access online help. Controller Selection Box The Controller Selection box is located in the top left corner of the Main Configuration screen. Select this to see a list of the controllers installed in the system. You can select a controller to view or to configure. The highlighted controller is shown in detail in the View Configuration list box. Figure 5-15.
Running the Array Configuration Utility For each controller, the drive arrays, logical drives, and physical drives configured for that controller are listed. Use the Drive View option, located below the Configuration View box, to select the Physical or Logical view. Figure 5-16 shows the physical view of an RA4000 controller in slot 1. Listed below the controller are two unassigned drives: one 9.1-GB drive and one 4.3-GB drive.
5-22 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide Click the Settings button to display the Controller Settings screen (see the section titled “Controller Settings Screen” later in this chapter). Click the Create Array button to display the Create Array screen. (See the section titled “Create Array Screen” later in this chapter.) Array Buttons The Array box is located on the right side of the screen, below the Controller box.
Running the Array Configuration Utility Controller Settings Screen Use the Controller Settings screen to select the operating system and to set the Rebuild Priority, Expand Priority, and Accelerator Ratio. Rebuild and Expand Priority settings will not affect an idle system, but they will affect performance on a busy system. Figure 5-21. Controller Settings screen The Rebuild Priority affects the amount of time the controller spends rebuilding data after a failed drive has been replaced.
5-24 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide Create Array Screen In this screen, all available drives attached to the selected controller are displayed on the left. Drives assigned to the current array appear on the right. A port number and SCSI ID identify each physical drive. To create an array, select the drive or drives to be part of the array, then press the Assign Drives to Array (top) button. You can also select drives and drag them to the array.
Running the Array Configuration Utility Create Logical Drive Screen In this screen, you can select the fault-tolerance method, enable the array accelerator, set the logical drive size, and set the stripe size. NOTE: Given the reliability of a particular generation of hard drive technology, the probability of an array experiencing a drive failure increases with the number of drives in an array. Compaq recommends the number of drives in an array be limited to 14. Figure 5-23.
5-26 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide This screen first displays the maximum size logical drive that can be created for your drive array. You can reduce this amount if you want to create more than one logical drive on the array. To reduce the size, type in the number or drag the pointer to the left. Fine-tune the size with the arrow buttons to the left of the scale. Stripe Size Stripe size refers to the amount of data stored on each physical drive in one stripe of a logical drive.
Running the Array Configuration Utility Error and Warning Messages When you start the Array Configuration Utility, the software checks each controller to detect errors in its configuration. If a problem is found, the Array Configuration Utility displays an error or warning message that describes the problem. Error and warning messages include instructions to correct configurations.
5-28 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide Auto-configuration If no logical drives are configured, a CPQONLIN auto-configuration wizard (Figure 5-24) appears and prompts you to select fault-tolerance information. CPQONLIN then configures arrays optimally for the selected fault tolerance. Figure 5-24.
Running the Array Configuration Utility Custom Configuration Custom configuration allows you to create arrays and assign fault tolerance one array at a time. To custom configure an array, make selections from the Main Configuration View screen. Highlight the controller, array, or logical drive to be configured. Make a selection from the Options menu located on the right side of the screen.
5-30 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide Drive Rebuild, Expand Priority, and Accelerator Ratio To set the drive rebuild priority, expand priority, or accelerator ratio for a controller, highlight the controller at the Main Configuration View screen and select the Controller Settings option listed below Controller Options. The Controller Settings screen appears (Figure 5-26). Figure 5-26.
Running the Array Configuration Utility Accelerator Ratio The RA4000 controller has an onboard cache, called an Array Accelerator, which performs both write-posting and read-ahead caching. The setting in CPQONLIN determines the amount of memory allocated to the read and write caches. For example, if the Accelerator Ratio is set to Read 75% - Write 25%, then 75% of Array Accelerator cache is dedicated to read-ahead cache and 25% is dedicated to the write-posting cache.
5-32 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide Failed Drives or Interim Recovery Mode If a drive fails and hardware fault tolerance is enabled, operation continues. Replace the drive as soon as possible. Select a logical drive and press F3 to monitor the status of drive recovery (Figure 5-27). Figure 5-27. Rebuilding logical drive ■ Interim Recovery: The logical drive is operating, but a failed drive has not been replaced. Replace drive as soon as possible.
Running the Array Configuration Utility If you do not replace the failed drive, the only option using the Array Configuration Utility is to delete logical drives. Do NOT delete logical drives that contain valid data. Doing so results in lost data. NOTE: A failed status can occur on drives protected by fault tolerance if two or more physical drives fail concurrently. Some status indicators are available without pressing F3.
5-34 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide Optimizing Array Controller Performance To improve system performance, keep these tips in mind before creating NetWare volumes or partitions: ■ If you selected a fault-tolerance option, such as mirroring or distributed data guarding, when using the Compaq System Configuration Utility, do not select mirroring while using INSTALL.NLM.
Chapter 6 Options ROMPaq Use the Options ROMPaq utility to update the firmware on the RA4000 Controller and hard drives. NOTE: The RA4000 Controller firmware included in a new RA4100 may not be the latest version available. Check the Compaq website at www.compaq.com to determine whether you should update the firmware version. Running the Procedure To run Options ROMPaq: 1. Put the server in STANDBY mode. 2. Place the Options ROMPaq diskette 1 in the server floppy drive. 3.
6-2 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide 7. Press Enter to go to step 9. or 8. If the ROM firmware in the RA4000 Controller is older than that on the Options ROMPaq diskette, you will get the Select an Image screen: Device to reprogram: Current ROM revision: Select Firmware Images: ALL COMPAQ RA4000 Controller(s) COMPAQ RA4000 Controller x.xx COMPAQ RA4000 Controller y.yy 9. Press Enter.
Options ROMPaq 12. If you are finished reprogramming options, press Esc to exit the ROMPaq Utility. 13. Remove the Options ROMPaq diskette and reboot the server by cycling the power (cold boot). To upgrade additional options in the server, repeat steps 1 through 10 by booting from each Options ROMPaq diskette in succession. NOTE: If your configuration includes a redundant power supply, you must cycle both power supplies simultaneously.
Appendix A Regulatory Compliance Notices Regulatory Compliance Identification Numbers For the purpose of regulatory compliance certifications and identification, your StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 is assigned a Compaq Series number. The Compaq Series number for this product is: Series E01501. The Storage System Series number can be found on the product label, along with the required approval markings and information. The product label is located on the chassis and inside the fan module opening.
A-2 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide Modifications The FCC requires the user to be notified that any changes or modifications made to this device that are not expressly approved by Compaq Computer Corporation may void the user's authority to operate the equipment. Cables Connections to this device must be made with shielded cables with metallic RFI/EMI connector hoods in order to maintain compliance with FCC Rules and Regulations.
Regulatory Compliance Notices Japanese Notice Taiwanese Notice Laser Compliance The GBIC Module contains a laser diode of either gallium aluminum arsenide (GaALAs) emitting in the wavelength range of 770-860 nm, or indium gallium arsenide phosphide (InGaAsP) emitting in the wavelength range of 1270-1355 nm. All Compaq systems equipped with a laser device comply with safety standards, including International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 825.
A-4 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide This indicates that the product is classified as a CLASS 1 LASER PRODUCT. Battery Replacement Notice Your RA4100 is provided with a Lithium Manganese Dioxide, or a Vanadium Pentoxide, batteries. There is a danger of explosion and risk of personal injury if the array is incorrectly replaced or mistreated. Replace only with the Compaq spare designated for this product.
Appendix B Electrostatic Discharge To prevent damage to the system, be aware of the precautions you need to follow when setting up the system or handling parts. A discharge of static electricity from a finger or other conductor may damage system boards or other static-sensitive devices. This type of damage may reduce the life expectancy of the device. To prevent electrostatic damage, observe the following precautions: ■ Avoid hand contact by transporting and storing products in static-safe containers.
B-2 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide Grounding Methods There are several methods for grounding. Use one or more of the following methods when handling or installing electrostatic-sensitive parts: ■ Use a wrist strap connected by a ground cord to a grounded workstation or computer chassis. Wrist straps are flexible straps with a minimum of 1 megohm ± 10 percent resistance in the ground cords. To provide proper ground, wear the strap snug against the skin.
Appendix C Specifications This appendix provides operating and physical specifications for the Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100. Table C-1 RA4100 Specifications Parameter English Metric Dimensions Height Depth Width 6.9 in 22.9 in 19.0 in 17.5 cm 58.2 cm 48.3 cm Weight No drives installed, single power supply 34 lb 15.
C-2 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide Table C-1 RA4100 Specifications continued Parameter English Metric Temperature Range Operating Shipping 50° to 95° F -22° to 122° F 10° to 35° C -30° to 50° C Relative Humidity (noncondensing) Operating Nonoperating 8% to 90% 5% to 95% 8% to 90% 5% to 95% Maximum Wet Bulb Temperature 101.7° F 38.7° C *Input Power and Heat Dissipation specifications are maximum values and apply to worst-case conditions at full rated power supply load.
Appendix D Fibre Channel Technology The information in this appendix defines Fibre Channel, describes its advantages, and outlines how it is used in the Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100. Fibre Channel Standards Fibre Channel has an integrated set of standards developed by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). This set of standards defines new protocols for information transfer.
D-2 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide Advantages of Fibre Channel The advantages of Fibre Channel technology include: ■ ■ ■ Higher Performance 100 MB/s data bandwidth on one Fibre Channel loop Higher I/O throughput Connectivity Improvement Supports multiple data format packets (SCSI, IPI-3, and IP protocols). The Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 supports the SCSI protocol.
Fibre Channel Technology The arbitrated loop includes a device called the Compaq Fibre Channel Storage Hub, which provides bypass switching at each port of the device. This bypass feature ensures continuity of the loop should any connected port fail. When a device on the arbitrated loop fails, it is simply bypassed. Point-to-Point Connection The simplest connection method for Fibre Channel cable is the point-to-point connection between a server and an external RA4100.
D-4 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide ■ ■ 5-meter multi-mode Fibre Channel cable option kit, part number 234457-B22 15-meter multi-mode Fibre Channel cable option kit, part number 234457-B23 Single-mode for distances of more than 500 meters and up to 10 kilometers A GBIC option kit containing two GBIC modules Shortwave GBIC option kit for use with multi-mode cables, part number 234459-B21 Longwave GBIC option kit for use with single-mode cables, part number 340412-B21 Sm
Fibre Channel Technology 1 8 2 3 4 6 5 7 Figure D-2.
D-6 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide ■ Compaq Fibre Channel Storage Hub ■ One Compaq Fibre Channel cable ■ ■ Multi-mode for distances of 2 meters to 500 meters 2-meter multi-mode Fibre Channel cable option kit, part number 234457-B21 5-meter multi-mode Fibre Channel cable option kit, part number 234457-B22 15-meter multi-mode Fibre Channel cable option kit, part number 234457-B23 Single-mode for distances of more than 500 meters and up to 10 kilometers A GBIC option
Fibre Channel Technology ■ End of Frame (EOF) - 4 bytes Figure D-3 shows a Fibre Channel data frame structure. 4 bytes 24 bytes Start of Frame Frame Header 2112-byte Payload 4 bytes 4 bytes CRC End 64 bytes of Optional 2048-byte Payload Error Check Frame Header Figure D-3. Fibre Channel data frame structure The second level in the hierarchy is the sequence. The sequence is composed of one or more frames that contain data payload and are specific to a given protocol.
D-8 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide Protocol Layers Five protocol layers are included in the Fibre Channel standard. They are FC-0 through FC-4. FC-0 defines the physical characteristics of the interface used. It also includes the cable type, connectors, drivers, (short-wave lasers, long-wave lasers) transmitters, and receivers. FC-1 defines the 8B/10B encoding/decoding and transmission protocol used to integrate data with the clock information necessary for serial transmission.
Appendix E Hard Drive Arrays The information in this appendix describes hard drive array concepts, data protection methods, including fault-tolerance options, and data reliability features of the Compaq RA4000 Controller installed in the Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100. Before configuring the RA4000 Controller, review the following general information so that you will be familiar with the terms and concepts required for configuration.
E-2 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide Physical Drive 1 Physical Drive 2 Physical Drive 3 Logical Drive 1 Logical Drive 2 Drive Array Daz-9-12.EPS Figure E-1. Drive array with two logical drives Physical Drive 1 Physical Drive 2 Physical Drive 3 Logical Drive 1 Drive Array Daz-9-18.EPS Figure E-2.
Hard Drive Arrays Figure E-3 illustrates a larger array with two logical drives across six physical drives. Drive 1 Drive 2 Physical Drives Drive 3 Drive 4 Drive 5 Drive 6 Logical Drive 1 Logical Drive 2 Drive Array Daz-9-16.EPS Figure E-3. Drive array with six physical drives and two logical drives The same physical drives can also be arranged in separate arrays, as illustrated in Figure E-4. The same controller can handle both arrays.
E-4 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide Drive Arrays Drive arrays have several important attributes: ■ A single array cannot span more than one RA4000 Controller. ■ A single RA4000 Controller can control multiple arrays. ■ Arrays must have at least one and may have up to 12 physical drives. ■ Arrays will consist of at least one and may have up to 32 logical drives (maximum 32 logical drives per controller).
Hard Drive Arrays Drive Array Benefits The benefits of using drive arrays include: ■ Data protection ■ Performance enhancement ■ Capacity changes ■ Data reliability Data Protection The RA4000 Controller provides several options to produce data redundancy for a more reliable system including distributing data, fault-tolerance methods, assigning online spares, and rebuilding data.
E-6 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide Table E-1 RAID Level Characteristics Distributed Data Guarding (RAID 5) Data Guarding (RAID 4) Mirroring (RAID 1) No Fault Tolerance (RAID 0) Usable Disk Space* 67% to 93% 67% to 93% 50% 100% Disk Space Formula (n = no. of drives) (n-1)/n (n-1)/n n/2 n Parity and Data Redundancy Parity distributed over each drive Dedicated parity drive Duplicate data None Minimum Number of Drives 3 3 2 1 Comments Tolerant of single drive failures.
Hard Drive Arrays no data protection and you will have to rely on backups in case of hardware failure. Distributed Data Guarding (RAID 5) Distributed data guarding, also called RAID 5, stores parity data across all the drives in the array. Spreading the parity across all the drives allows more simultaneous read operations and higher performance than data guarding (RAID 4). If a drive fails, the controller uses the parity data and the data on the remaining drives to reconstruct data from the failed drive.
E-8 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide Data Guarding (RAID 4) Data guarding, also called RAID 4, assures data reliability while using only a small percentage of the logical drive storage capacity. A designated, single drive contains parity data. If a drive fails, the controller uses the data on the parity drive and the data on the remaining drives to reconstruct data from the failed drive.
Hard Drive Arrays RAID 1 always requires an even number of drives. To improve performance in configurations with more than two drives, the data is striped across the drives. If a drive fails, the mirror drive provides a backup copy of the files and normal system operations are not interrupted.
E-10 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide Online Spare During configuration, consider assigning an online spare to further improve your system’s fault tolerance. An online spare (sometimes called a hot-spare) is a drive the controller uses when a drive failure occurs. If a drive fails, the controller rebuilds the data that was on the failed drive onto the online spare. The controller also sends data that it would normally store on the failed drive directly to the online spare.
Hard Drive Arrays Table E-2 Data Striping Options Fault Tolerance Level Stripe Sizes (in sectors) RAID 0 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512 RAID 1 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512 RAID 4 16, 32, 64, 128 RAID 5 16, 32, 64, 128 For example, consider an operating system that typically requests data in 32-sector blocks. The array controller distributes the data so that the first 32 sectors of data are on the first drive in the array.
E-12 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide Performance The array accelerator increases performance by having the array controller write data to the cache memory on the array accelerator rather than directly to the drives. The system can access this cache memory more than 100 times faster than accessing disk storage. The array controller writes the data in the array accelerator to the drive array at a later time, when the controller is otherwise idle.
Hard Drive Arrays The cells used in the array accelerator batteries are recharged via a “trickle” charge applied while system power is present. If posted writes were stored in the memory of the array accelerator and power loss occurs, power must be reinstated within approximately four days or the data stored in the memory will be lost. Note that this depends on the present condition of the array accelerator batteries. If this risk is too great, you can disable the array accelerator.
E-14 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide Expanding Storage Capacity The RA4000 Controller allows the configuration of one or more separate logical drives into a single drive array. Adding one or more logical drives to an existing drive array can expand an array. To create the room for the additional logical drives, more physical drives must be added. Original Logical Drive Added Physical Drives Figure E-9.
Hard Drive Arrays Original Logical Drive Added Physical Drives Data from original logical drive redistributed over "Top" of all physical drives. New logical drive created over "Bottom" of all physical drives. Daz-9-14.EPS Figure E-10. Expanded array storage capacity with a second logical drive For example: Assume you have two Compaq RA4100(s), with a total of 10 drives; you want to expand this to the 12-drive maximum supported by one RA4000 Controller.
E-16 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide It is important to remember that all physical drives in an array should be the same size (capacity). This is because each drive contains an equal portion of one or more logical drives and the portion sizes can only total the size of the smallest drive. While you are not prevented from expanding storage capacity with larger drives, the extra space cannot be used.
Hard Drive Arrays Other Fault Management Features The RA4000 Controller and the network operating system offer several other fault management and data reliability features, including: ■ Auto reliability monitoring ■ Dynamic sector repairing ■ Drive parameter tracking ■ Drive failure alert features ■ Interim data recovery ■ Automatic data recovery Auto Reliability Monitoring Auto reliability monitoring (ARM) is a background process that scans hard drives for bad sectors in fault-tolerant logical
E-18 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide Drive Failure Alert Features Drive failure features produce various drive alerts or error messages depending on the Compaq server model. Refer to the documentation included with your server to determine what drive failure features are included on your server model. Other Compaq options such as Compaq Insight Manager and Compaq Server Manager/R provide additional drive failure features.
Appendix F Recovering From Hard Drive Failure The purpose of fault-tolerant configurations on the Compaq RAID Array 4000 Controller is to protect against data loss due to drive failure. Although the RA4000 Controller firmware is designed to protect against normal drive failure, it is imperative that you perform the correct actions to recover from a drive failure without inadvertently inducing any additional drive failures.
F-2 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide ■ Compaq Insight Manager can detect failed drives remotely across a network. Problems such as reduced system performance or disk errors reported by the operating system do not necessarily imply that a drive has or has not failed. If drive failures or repeated errors are suspected, Compaq recommends running the Array Diagnostic Utility on the system.
Recovering From Hard Drive Failure In any RAID 1 logical drive on the RA4100 having N physical drives in the array (not including spare drives), the first N/2 physical drives are mirrored in consecutive order to the second N/2 physical drives. When determining the order, number each drive in the array by increasing IDs on the first SCSI bus, followed likewise by drives on the second SCSI bus. ■ Can sustain a single drive failure.
F-4 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide CAUTION: If the RA4100 has failed a drive, replace the drive with a new or known-good replacement drive. In some cases, a drive that has previously failed by the controller may appear to be operational after the system is power-cycled, or after removal and reinsertion of a hot-pluggable drive. However, this practice is highly discouraged as use of such “marginal” drives may eventually result in data loss.
Recovering From Hard Drive Failure unrecoverable disk errors. In this case, the replacement drive should be removed and replaced with another replacement drive. Compromised Fault Tolerance If fault tolerance is compromised due to failure of multiple drives, the condition of the logical drive will be failed and unrecoverable errors will be returned to the host. Data loss is probable. Insertion of replacement drives at this time will not improve the condition of the logical drive.
Index A accelerator ratio 5-23, 5-31 ACU D-4, D-6, E-16, 1-7 Capacity Expansion 1-8 configuring hardware 1-8 disabling Array Accelerator 1-9 running 2-3 unused space E-16 adding spare drives 5-31 ADU F-2, 1-7 airflow 2-5 American National Standards Institute See ANSI ANSI D-1, D-4 ARM See fault management, auto-reliability monitoring array accelerators replacing 1-9 array accelerators batteries E-12 detaching 1-9 disabling 1-9 improving performance E-11 memory 1-9 moving to another controller E-12 protecti
2 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide view screen with two arrays, illustrated 5-10 Array Diagnostic Utility F-2 Array Diagnostics Utility 1-7 arrays See also hard drives, arrays adding capacity 1-8 attributes E-4 benefits E-5 concepts E-1 configurations E-1 definition E-1 expanding E-14 maximum drives E-4 multiple E-4 performance E-5 Assembly replacing 4-19 auto-configuration wizard CPQONLIN 5-28 illustrated 5-28 Automatic Data Recovery F-3 failure F-4 initiating F-4 auto-reliability monitorin
Index Capacity Expansion considerations E-15 definition E-14, 1-8 example E-15 hard drive upgrade E-16 online E-16, 1-7, 1-8 capacity extension defined 5-14 existing partition(s) 5-15 partitioning software 5-15 procedure 5-14 space availability 5-15 supported by 5-14 third party partitioning tools 5-15 changing RAID level example 5-16 changing stripe size example 5-16 chassis 4-10, 4-13, 4-18, 4-19, 4-20 communication, bi-directional D-4 Compaq Fibre Channel Arrays See Fibre Channel Arrays Fibre Channel St
4 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide disk drive failures, handling 5-33 functions accelerator ratio 5-31 drive rebuild 5-30 set priority 5-30 NetWare Online Array Configuration Utility 5-27 optimizing array controller performance 5-34 RAID level modification 5-31 stripe size migration 5-31 CRC D-1 create array screen Array Configuration Utility 5-24 illustrated 5-24 create logical drive screen Array Configuration Utility 5-25 illustrated 5-25 logical drive size 5-25 stripe size 5-26 Create Log
Index drive bays, IDs 1-6 drive failure probability 5-7 drive mirroring 1-8.
6 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide Fibre channel advantages D-2 arbitrated loop See FC-AL interconnect schemes D-2 standards D-1 technology D-1 Fibre Channel point-to-point D-2 standards protocol layers D-8 Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop See FC-AL Fibre Channel Array Controllers FC-AL D-4 reconfiguring E-16 Fibre Channel Arrays applying power 3-1 FC-AL D-4 front panel features 1-4 LEDs 1-4 logical drives 1-7 models 1-1 power switch 1-4 rear panel features 1-5 Fibre Channel Host Adapter/P or E
Index front panel LEDs 3-2 GBIC Installed LEDs on the Storage Hub 12 4-6 GBIC Installed LEDs on the Storage Hub 7 4-5 hard drive LEDs 3-5 inserting the drive 2-12, 4-24 installing the Fan Assembly 4-21 installing the power supply 4-19 installing the RA4000 Controller 4-11, 4-13 latching the drive into place 2-12, 4-24 Power and Fault LEDs on the Storage Hub 12 4-6 power supply LED 4-9 power supply LEDs 3-3 RA4000 Controller LEDs 4-3 removing the Fan Assembly 4-20 removing the power supply 4-18 removing the
8 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide conditions 1-5 effect on performance E-7, E-8 procedure 4-24 SCSI 1-10, 2-1 securing 2-12, 4-25 spare F-3 supported 1-2, 1-7 troubleshooting 4-1 upgrading E-16 hardware configurations 1-8 failure E-4, E-7, 1-8 mounting 2-1, 2-8 rack-mounting 2-1 help additional sources xii Compaq website xiii Compq authorized resellers, telephone numbers xiii technical support telephone numbers xii help, Array Configuration Utility 5-4 hot-pluggability definition 1-5 http:/
Index power supply LEDs 3-3 RA4000 Controller LEDs 4-3 removing the Fan Assembly 4-20 removing the power supply 4-18 removing the RA4000 Controller 4-10, 4-13 simple point-to point Fibre Channel connection D-3 structure of data transmission over Fibre Channel cable D-7 Insight Manager 1-7 detecting failed drives F-2 drive failure features E-18 indicating faults 4-1 monitoring performance 1-10 interim recovery mode 5-32 Interim Recovery Mode E-10 L labels, electrical power rating 2-5 latches hard drive 2-1
10 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide Array Configuration Utility 5-19 controller box, illustrated 5-21 controller buttons 5-21 controller selection box 5-20 controller selection box, illustrated 5-20 custom configure an array 5-29 drive view box 5-21 drive view box, illustrated 5-21 illustrated 5-19 logical drive buttons 5-22 logical drive buttons, illustrated 5-22 menu bar 5-19 menu bar, pull down menus 5-19 more information button 5-21 more information button, illustrated 5-21 physical conf
Index changing RAID level 5-16, 5-18 changing stripe size 5-16, 5-18 online spares E-4 definition E-10 limitations E-9 operating systems drivers D-4, D-6 optimized request management E-13 P panels blanking 2-8 removing 2-8 front 2-11, 2-12, 3-1 LEDs 3-2 rear 4-10 partitions recreating F-5 performance data access E-10 improving 1-9 enhancing E-5 fault tolerance E-5 I/O E-6 improving E-7, E-11 logical drives 1-7 maximizing D-2 monitoring 1-7 reduced E-18 tuning 1-7 physical drives grouping according to size
12 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide Q queuing, tagged-command 1-7, 1-10 R RA4000 FC-AL D-5 powering up 4-11 RA4000 before you begin 5-2 RA4000 Controller arrays span E-4 connecting 2-3 elevator trend sorting E-13 failure 4-9 I/O requests E-13 latches 4-10, 4-12, 4-13 LEDs 4-3 optimized request management E-13 point-to-point D-3 removing 4-10, 4-13 securing 4-10, 4-13 RA4000 Controller 2-1 arrays multiple E-4 ejector levers 4-12 replacing 4-9 RA4000 Controller 1-6 RA4000 Controller ejector l
Index disadvantages E-7, E-8 interim data recovery E-18 RAID 5 E-7, 1-8 advantages E-6 automatic data recovery E-18 auto-reliability monitoring E-17 definition E-5 failure F-4 interim data recovery E-18 RAID levels 1-5 definition E-5 supported 1-7 using different E-4 rebuild priority 5-23 Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks See RAID levels regulations electrical 2-5 RJ-45 receptacle xi ROMPaq options 6-1 system D-4, D-6 running 2-3 running Array Configuration Utility, online 5-3 Array Configuration Utili
14 Compaq StorageWorks RAID Array 4100 User Guide T tables Data Striping Options E-10 RA4000 Controller LED Descriptions 4-3 technical support xiii telephone numbers xiv temperature Maximum Recommended Ambient Operating See TMRA operating 2-6 standards 2-5 text conventions x thumbscrews 2-11, 4-20 TMRA 2-6 troubleshooting 4-1 Fan Assembly 4-7 hard drives 4-1 power supplies 4-8 W warning messages Array Configuration Utility 5-27 warnings electrical shock xii rack stability xii Windows NT ADU F-1 Capacity
