PSR1212 White Paper
ii © 2002 ClearOne Communications, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced in any form or by any means without written permission from ClearOne Communications, Inc. Printed in the United States of America. ClearOne Communications reserves specific privileges. Information in this document is subject to change without notice. PSR1212 White Paper ClearOne Part No. 800-155-002 June 2002 (Rev. 2.
iii PSR1212 White Paper Table of Contents CHAPTER 1: Introduction Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Controls and Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Expansion Bus Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 CHAPTER 2: Inputs and Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
iv CHAPTER 6: PSR1212 Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 System Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 Expansion Bus Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 CHAPTER 7: Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 Auditorium Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 Arena Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Introduction ~ Overview CHAPTER 1 : Introduction Overview Audio is critical to human communication. Media such as voice mail, the Internet, conference calling, video conferencing, and electronic presentations are driving the demand for better audio-communication technologies. The sound reinforcement arena also demands higher-quality sound to more faithfully reproduce source audio.
2 Introduction ~ Overview • 32 programmable presets for instant configuration changes. • Four internal and four global (across E-bus) gating groups. • Internal room combining capabilities. • Logic outputs. • Configurable microphone gating. • Up to eight PSR1212s can be connected and controlled as a single unit, allowing 96 inputs and 96 outputs. • Remote and local PC set up and diagnostics. • One-year limited warranty.
3 Introduction ~ Controls and Connections Product description ~ Introduction Controls and Connections Front panel Figure 1.1. PSR1212 front panel A. LCD. Used for numeric display of audio levels, gain readouts, and limited setup and programming functions. B. Enter/▲▼/ESC. Used to navigate the PSR1212’s menu system. C. LED Meter. This LED bar meter is used to display the audio level of an input, output, or processing channel of the PSR1212. D. Meter.
4 Introduction ~ Expansion Bus Connections G. RS-232. This DB-9 serial port is to connect the PSR1212 to a PC, modem, or other custom remote controller. H. Control/Status Ports A and B. These DB-25 connectors are for connecting control devices. The control devices have access to the command set for the PSR1212 and can be used for functions such as volume, muting, preset change, room combining, etc. Devices can be connected to either port.
5 Introduction ~ Expansion Bus Connections Figure 1.3.
M M Off On Mute NOM Off On Off On Mute NOM M NOM Mute Off On Off On Output Gain Post-gain Meter Output 3 Phantom Power On/Off On Off Mute Input Processing Off On M Pre-gain Meter M Mic 55, 25 Line Phantom Power On/Off All Pass Low Pass High Pass Notch PEQ Input 4 Off On M Off On Off NOM On Mute Output Gain Post-gain Meter Output 7 M On Off Phantom Power On/Off Pre-gain Meter M Mic 55,25 Line M Pre-gain Meter Automixer Input 7 Phantom Power On/Off Input 8 M M
Inputs and Outputs ~ Mic Input Audio Path CHAPTER 2: Inputs and Outputs The PSR1212 has 12 inputs consisting of eight mic/line inputs and four line inputs. The unit has 12 line outputs. All inputs and outputs are actively balanced. Inputs 1–8 have 4kΩ of terminating impedance while line level inputs 9–12 provide >20kΩ of termination. Outputs provide a source impedance of 50Ω. All levels are referenced to a 0dBu level. Input and output level control is executed in the digital domain.
8 Inputs and Outputs ~ Line Inputs System Wide Automatic Mixing Parameters Phantom Power On/Off Input Gain Non Gated Audio To Matrix Inputs 1–8 High Pass Filter Automatic Gain Control On Off On Off Channel Mute Gated Audio Automixer On Off Chairman Override On / Off Mic/Line selection 55, 25, 0 Microphone Activation Auto gate / Manuel gate / Override Adaptive Ambient On / Off Figure 2.2.
9 Inputs and Outputs ~ Line Outputs Line Outputs Output Gain + From Matrix NOM Mute D/A – On Off On Line Outputs 1–12 Off Figure 2.4. Outputs 1–12 signal path Each of the 12 line outputs is identical. Three functions are associated with each output: number of open mics (NOM), mute, and gain control. Unlike most automixers that have a single master NOM output, the PSR1212 provides a NOM setting at every output.
10 Technical Services Group: 1-800-283-5936 (USA) ~ 1-801-974-3760
Automatic Mic Mixing ~ Intelligible, Reliable Audio CHAPTER 3: Automatic Mic Mixing Intelligible, Reliable Audio Audio systems are in constant use in auditoriums, arenas, boardrooms, training rooms, and many other applications. Systems that produce intelligible and reliable audio are key to facilitating effective communication. Quality audio systems meet the following objectives: • The audio must be transparent. Users should not have to think about the audio. • The audio must not fatigue the users.
12 Automatic Mic Mixing ~ Automixing with the PSR1212 Figure 3.1. Microphones pick up direct and reflected audio Automixing with the PSR1212 The PSR1212 was designed to implement automatic microphone mixing that increases audio intelligibility by reducing overall multiple microphone pickup of reverberation and noise. Unlike most automixers, the PSR1212 implements its mixing function completely in the digital domain. This greatly increases precision in making automixing decisions.
13 Automatic Mic Mixing ~ Automixing with the PSR1212 In addition, more microphone channels can be added by linking PSR1212 units via the expansion bus, the digital network bus. Unlike other “expandable” automatic microphone mixers, the PSR1212 works as a single unit for up to eight units networked together, for a total of 64 microphones. Expanded analog automixers can offer only limited functionality such as NOM (number of open microphones).
14 Automatic Mic Mixing ~ Automixing with the PSR1212 Chairman Override Chairman Override provides gating priority for this mic input over any other mic input within the same gating control (mixer) groups. When a mic with Chairman Override enabled gates on, all mics which don’t have Chairman Override enabled will gate off. Default is off. Adaptive Ambient Adaptive Ambient adjusts the ambient reference level as noise and room conditions change.
15 Automatic Mic Mixing ~ Automixing with the PSR1212 Level Microphone on Microphone off Microphone turns on when microphone level goes above the gate ratio Microphone audio Hold time Gate ratio Ambient level Time Figure 3.5. PSR1212 automixing gate functions Mixer mode There are two mixer mode settings: slave (default) and master. A master unit is not required in a networked system and in most installations, all units will be slaves. Master units ignore audio from upstream units.
16 Automatic Mic Mixing ~ Automixing with the PSR1212 Gating groups In addition to specifying gating characteristics for each mic input, you can assign the inputs to a gating group for greater flexibility and control. When inputs are assigned to a gating group, the gating information from the inputs is used to control how the entire mixer behaves. The PSR1212 features four internal gating groups (Internal 1–4) and four global gating groups across the expansion bus (Global A–D).
Automatic Mic Mixing ~ Automixing with the PSR1212 17 Parameter Effect Range Description Mixer mode System-wide Master, slave Selects mixer mode of operation. Microphone Activation Inputs 1–8 Auto gate, manual gate, on/off Sets the method of microphone gating. Chairman Override Inputs 1–8 On/off When a chairman override channel is gated on, all non-chairman inputs are gated off.
18 Technical Services Group: 1-800-283-5936 (USA) ~ 1-801-974-3760
Audio Routing ~ Matrix Mixing CHAPTER 4: Audio Routing Matrix Mixing One of the more important functions of the PSR1212 is matrix routing of audio signals. Like all device functions, routing is executed in the digital domain. Routing is configured using G-Ware and a direct connection between a PC and the PSR1212 unit. Changes in routing can be executed via the RS-232 port and/or via presets on the control/status connector.
20 Audio Routing ~ Matrix Mixing Inputs • Gated and Non-gated Inputs 1–8. Inputs 1–8 (selectable for mic or line level) are located on the rear terminal block. Both gated and non-gated inputs are provided on the matrix for delivery to desired destinations. This is provided because, in some applications (such as a courtroom), direct, non-gated outputs are required. Default routing for gated microphone inputs are to the O-Bus. Non-gated outputs are routed by default to their corresponding output number (i.
21 Audio Routing ~ Worksheets p Compressor 500mS Notch Figure 4.2. Assignable processing Worksheets The worksheets provided on the following page are to help you understand all PSR1212 system functions as you design a system. Refer to the back of this document for a complete set of PSR1212 worksheets. Default settings appear in bold. .
22 Audio Routing ~ Worksheets PSR1212 System Parameters Worksheet Systemwide Parameters Program Parameter Selection Range 0 - 15 (5) Timeout Lock Front Panel Program Parameter Selection Range Master, Slave 9.6, 19.2, 38.4, 57.6, 115.2 kbps On, Off Mixer Mode RS-232 Baud Rate Any 5 Front Panel Keys 0-7 RS-232 Flow Control Modem Mode On, Off Device ID No. Unit ID No.
System Control ~ Control and Status CHAPTER 5: System Control The PSR1212 provides a variety of options for system control. You can create up to 32 presets and up to 255 macros to change whole room configurations or run a series of commands.
24 System Control ~ Control and Status Connectors Control and Status Connectors Control/Status connections are provided on two DB-25 connectors. These connectors are labeled Control/Status A and Control/Status B and contain different types of pins. Control pins on Control/Status A are momentary while control pins on Control/Status B are latching. The inputs on these connectors are internally pulled high and are activated by connecting the pin to ground.
25 System Control ~ Control and Status Connectors Control/Status Connector LED Status Command +5VDC@300mA Figure 5.3. Direct control/status operation Room combining controls Controls for each room VOLUME All Combined All Separate 1+2 3+4 1+2+3 4 Mute Room combining Volume up LED Status All separate Status All combined Status 1+2:3+4 Status 1+2+3:4 +5VDC Volume down Control status LED Control Status +5VDC Mute LED +5VDC LED Status +5VDC LED +5VDC Figure 5.4.
26 System Control ~ Control and Status Connectors Control/Status A Pin Control/Status B Definable Type Default Description Pin Definable Type 1 Yes Control Lock front panel toggle 2 Yes Status Status of front panel lock 3 Yes Control Mute all mics toggle 3 4 Yes Status Status of mute all mics 4 5 Yes Control Mute Output 9 toggle 5 6 Yes Status Status of Output 9 mute 6 Yes 7 Yes Control Mute Output 10 toggle 7 8 Yes Status Status of Output 10 mute 8 9 Yes C
System Control ~ ClearOne Control Devices 27 ClearOne Control Devices ClearOne manufactures three control devices designed for use with the PSR1212: Volume Control Panel, Select Control Panel, and XAP IR Remote Control. These devices are programmed using the Remote Builder in G-Ware. These control devices are connected to Remote Panel A or Remote Panel B—the RS-485 connectors.
28 System Control ~ Serial Control (RS-232) Serial Control (RS-232) Operation of linked PSR1212 units can be done with one RS-232 serial connection. Functions which can be controlled via this connection include audio level control, muting, audio signal routing, telephone dialing, remote diagnostics, and many other functions.
29 System Control ~ Front Panel Front Panel The PSR1212’s front panel is intuitive to operate, thanks to its simple interface: a 2x16 character LCD, menu buttons, and a peak-level LED bar meter. Although most of the PSR1212’s features are programmed with G-Ware software, the front panel can be used for simple adjustments and meter monitoring. To prevent unauthorized changes, the PSR1212 can be password protected.
30 Technical Services Group: 1-800-283-5936 (USA) ~ 1-801-974-3760
PSR1212 Connections ~ System Connections CHAPTER 6: PSR1212 Connections System Connections Audio connections The PSR1212 utilizes removable Phoenix block connectors that are supplied with the unit. To connect, standard audio cables should be stripped and inserted into the terminal block. The terminal screw in the block is then tightened, providing a secure and reliable audio connection. The terminal block can then be inserted into the rear panel connectors.
32 PSR1212 Connections ~ Expansion Bus Connections Power A universal power connector is provided. The PSR1212 will operate on all global voltages and cycles. Expansion Bus Connections Communication functions of the expansion bus The expansion bus is a high-speed network protocol that provides two primary system functions: 1) communications among units, and 2) audio linking.
PSR1212 Connections ~ Expansion Bus Connections 33 Expansion bus audio functions The expansion bus network architecture allows up to eight PSR1212s and up to 96 inputs, 96 outputs, and 64 microphones to be controlled as if part of a single unit. Expansion bus. This digital mix-minus bus allows audio routing to and from any destination on the expansion bus network. It contains 12 independent digital audio buses labeled O–Z and four PA Adapt reference buses.
34 Technical Services Group: 1-800-283-5936 (USA) ~ 1-801-974-3760
Applications ~ Auditorium Installation CHAPTER 7: Applications The sophistication and adaptability of the PSR1212 allow it to control and enhance many sound applications. Following are nine applications where the PSR1212 forms the centerpiece of a high-quality sound reinforcement or room-combining system. There are numerous other applications where the PSR1212 can control and enhance the audio experience. The principles used in the applications outlined here carry over into other applications.
36 Applications ~ Auditorium Installation Auditorium 3-horn speaker cluster at front 1 balcony Balcony 1 floor long Ceiling (fill) speakers 1 floor short Left/right speakers at front Microphones Stage Main floor seating area Figure 7.1.
37 Applications ~ Arena Installation Arena Installation Arenas present numerous acoustical challenges, including high ambient sound levels and generally poor acoustical characteristics. The PSR1212 can help adapt the sound system to challenging acoustical environments. The multitude of sound requirements in an arena is perfect for taking advantage of the PSR1212’s expansion bus technology, which allows multiple PSR1212s to be linked and operated as a single unit. The arena diagram (Figure 7.
38 Applications ~ Movie Theater Installation Microphones PC (for set up; not necessary for system operation) Control Panel (optional) PSR1212 Logic Out Status and Control Expansion Bus CD Mics PSR1212 Power Amp Tape Recorder Expansion Bus terminator VCR VCR Organ Mics East Zone North Zone Power Amp Power Amp Expansion Bus terminator West Zone South Zone Concession area speakers Subwoofers Horns Main arena fill speakers Hanging speaker cluster Figure 7.4.
39 Applications ~ Movie Theater Installation Movie theater surround system Left front Left rear Subwoofer Left center Dialogue speaker Seating area Projector Screen Right center Right front Right rear Figure 7.5.
40 Applications ~ Gymnasium Installation Gymnasium Installation Gymnasium sound systems are called upon to meet the needs of a variety of scenarios, from sports announcing to meetings to student skits and productions. In all cases, the PSR1212 can adapt the sound system to accommodate the demands required. For general announcing or presentations, such as for games or assemblies, presets can be configured for one or more microphones, with mixing and gating, if desired.
41 Applications ~ Hotel/Convention Center Installation PC (for set up; not necessary for system operation) Microphones Control Panel (optional) PSR1212 Logic Out Status and Control Power Amp Tape Recorder Typical low frequency CD Typical high frequency Hanging speaker cluster Figure 7.8.
42 Applications ~ Hotel/Convention Center Installation Hotel/convention center Control Panel Mic 1 Mic 2 Speaker A Room A Removable room partition Mic 3 Speaker B Mic 4 Room B Control Panel Removable room partition Figure 7.9.
43 Applications ~ Conference Room Installation Conference Room Installation Figure 7.11 shows a conference room area with a main meeting area and six smaller meeting rooms adjoining the main area. The PSR1212 enhances the flow of audio between the main meeting area and the adjoining small rooms, and can also facilitate exclusive communication between the small rooms.
44 Applications ~ Training Room Installation Power Amp Control Panels (optional) Zone 8 Zone 9 PC (for set up; not necessary for system operation) Mics Speakers PSR1212 Logic Out Status and Control Power Amp Mics Zone 3 Zone 1 Zone 5 VCR VCR CD Zone 7 Speakers Zone 2 Zone 4 Zone 6 Figure 7.12. Conference room installation Training Room Installation In a typical training room application, microphone audio from the trainer is the primary source of audio. A wireless mic is normally used.
45 Applications ~ Training Room Installation Training room Left speaker Mic 7 Mic 3 Mic 5 Desk Ceiling speakers Zone 2 Desk Ceiling speakers Zone 1 Mic 2 Lapel mic (Mic 1) Desk Video projector Desk Mic 8 Mic 6 Whiteboard/screen Ceiling speakers Zone 3 Mic 4 Right speaker Figure 7.13.
46 Applications ~ Boardroom Installation Boardroom Installation A boardroom application is a good example of a situation where microphone mixing and gating become critical to providing seamless dialogue between several people seated around a large table. Figure 7.15 shows a boardroom scenario with eight participants, each with his own microphone and loudspeaker. Also, there are observer seating areas on the periphery of the room with loudspeakers for monitoring the discussion at the table.
47 Applications ~ Corporate Paging System Zone 9 Zone 10 Ceiling speakers Control Panel (optional) Power Amp PC (for set up; not necessary for system operation) Mics PSR1212 Logic Out Status and Control Power Amp CD VCR VCR Mics Spkr 1 Spkr 2 Spkr 3 Spkr 4 Tabletop speakers Spkr 5 Spkr 6 Spkr 7 Spkr 8 Figure 7.16.
48 Applications ~ Corporate Paging System Corporate paging system Ceiling speaker Front lobby Ceiling Ceiling Zone 5 Front desk phone/ Paging system speaker Office speaker Ceiling Conference room speaker Zone 6 Zone 1 Cubicles Ceiling Ceiling speaker speaker Office Ceiling speaker Ceiling speaker Restrooms Zone 2 Cubicles Zone 7 Office Ceiling speaker Zone 3 Zone 9 Cubicles Ceiling speaker Break room Ceiling speaker speaker speaker Office Ceiling Ceiling Ceiling Ceili
Appendices ~ Appendix A: Specifications Appendices Appendix A: Specifications Dimensions (LxDxH) 17.25" x 10.25" x 1.25" 43.8 x 26 x 4.5 cm Weight 7 lb/4.5 kg dry 12 lb/5.9 kg shipping Operating Temperature 32–100° F/0–38° C Humidity 15% to 80%, non-condensing Power Input Range Auto-adjusting 100–240VAC; 50/60Hz Power Consumption 30W typical Expansion Bus In/Out Proprietary Network RJ-45 (2), 115.
50 Appendix B ~ Architectural and Engineering Specifications Appendix B: Architectural and Engineering Specifications The digital matrix mixer with audio processing shall incorporate microphone mixing, matrix mixing, and signal processing in a single rack space unit. The matrix mixer shall have 12 inputs and outputs: four line level inputs, eight microphone/line selectable inputs, and 12 line level outputs.
Last On, Off, Mic 1 - Mic 8 Last Mic Mode Define as Output: (1-12) Technical Services Group: 1-800-283-5936 (USA) ~ 1-801-974-3760 On Unit: (Device ID 0-7) PSR1212 System Parameters worksheet Date Application Notes E3 E4 Reference #: E1 E2 Define PA Adapt Expansion Bus References On, Off Maximum No. of Mics First Mic Priority Factory Programmed Any 5 Front Panel Keys 0-7 On, Off Selection Range Off, 1-8 (4) Program Parameter Mixer Group Parameters Device ID No. Unit ID No.
See Processing Filters Worksheets Auto, Manual On, Off 0 - 50 dB (15) 0 - 50 dB (12) .1 - 8.0 seconds (.3) Slow, Medium, Fast 0dB to -70dB (-30) Input Filters 1-4 Input Activation Output 1-12, Expansion Bus Ref E1-E4 Internal 1-4 or Global A-D (A) PA Adapt Reference Mixer Group Select On, Off Compressor Threshold Ratio Attack Time Release Time Processing Attenuation PSR1212 Input/Output Parameters worksheet -30dB to +20dB (0dB) 1:1 - 1:20 0.5ms to 100ms in 0.
Technical Services Group: 1-800-283-5936 (USA) ~ 1-801-974-3760 Filter Type Parametric EQ (PEQ) CD Horn EQ (CD) Bessel Crossover (BC) Butterworth Crossover (BT) Linkwitz Riley Cross. (LR) Key: Frequency 20Hz to 20kHz 20Hz to 20kHz 20Hz to 20kHz 20Hz to 20kHz 20Hz to 20kHz Hz dB or dB/Octave Octaves LP/HP (See Key) Hz dB or dB/Octave Octaves LP/HP (See Key) Abrev. (See Key) Hz dB or dB/Octave Octaves LP/HP (See Key) Abrev. (See Key) Hz dB or dB/Octave Octaves LP/HP (See Key) Abrev.
Filter Parameter Filter Type Center or Knee Frequency Gain/Slope Bandwidth Filter Sub-Type Filter Type Center or Knee Frequency Gain/Slope Bandwidth Filter Sub-Type Filter Type Center or Knee Frequency Gain/Slope Bandwidth Filter Sub-Type Filter Type Center or Knee Frequency Gain/Slope Bandwidth Filter Sub-Type Filter Type Center or Knee Frequency Gain/Slope Bandwidth Filter Sub-Type Filter Type Center or Knee Frequency Gain/Slope Bandwidth Filter Sub-Type Filter Type Center or Knee Frequency Gain/Slope Ban
Technical Services Group: 1-800-283-5936 (USA) ~ 1-801-974-3760 1 3 5 7 9 Key: 11 13 15 17 19 Room Preset Configuration worksheet Each configuration is recalled by activating its listed presets. Configuration’s Presets: Room Configuration No./Name and Description: Room Configuration Setup Preset Mask = DB25 Remote Control Port "B" Setup DB25 Port "B" Pin # Refer to macro worksheet for details on all listed macros. For extra large presets, continue commands in next column.
PSR1212 Macro worksheet For extra large macros, continue commands in next column.
Appendix D ~ Glossary 57 Appendix D: Glossary Adaptive Ambient This portion of the mixer monitors the varying ambient noise level in the room and changes the threshold level at which a microphone gates on. Ambient Noise The existing room-level noise, such as that caused by ventilation systems, paper shuffling, and background chatter. Amplitude Plot A plot of amplitude (-18 to 18 dB) vs. frequency (20Hz to 20kHz) on a logarithmic scale.
58 Appendix D ~ Glossary Expansion Bus Consists of two RJ-45 connectors on the rear panel of the PSR1212. An expansion bus allows multiple PSR1212s to be networked together using category five twisted-pair (10BaseT LAN) cable. Filter A device that passes and blocks audio signals based on user-definable requirements of the system. • All Pass A filter that provides only phase shift or phase delay without appreciably changing the magnitude characteristic. The filter produces a flat amplitude response.
Appendix D ~ Glossary 59 Manual Gating Provides the ability to gate a microphone on or off manually. Matrix Mixer A mixer that allows routing of any input or combination of inputs to an output or any combination of outputs. In the case of the PSR1212, the matrix mixer permits level control at each cross point in the matrix. Maximum Number of Mics/Filibuster Sets the maximum number of mics that can be gated on simultaneously. Microphone Activation A condition in which a microphone is gated on.
60 Appendix D ~ Glossary Reverberation Multiple reflections of sound waves in a room. Signal Delay Used for introducing a delay to fill speakers in an audio system to provide balanced sound throughout the room. Table View Displays the numerical values of the filter parameters for all nodes of the active filter display. Tone Generator A device for generating a reference tone for sound system calibration purposes. White Noise Acoustical noise distributed evenly throughout a given frequency range.
61 Technical Services Group: 1-800-283-5936 (USA) ~ 1-801-974-3760
ClearOne Communications ~ 1825 Research Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 ~ tel 1-800-945-7730 ~ fax 1-800-933-5107 © 2002 ClearOne Communications, Inc.. All rights reserved. Information in this document subject to change without notice.
