ODBC and JDBC Guide

Chapter 5
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Supported standards 37
Examples
SELECT SUM (Sales_Data.Amount) AS agg FROM Sales_Data
SELECT AVG (Sales_Data.Amount) AS agg FROM Sales_Data
SELECT COUNT (Sales_Data.Amount) AS agg FROM Sales_Data
SELECT MAX (Sales_Data.Amount) AS agg FROM Sales_Data WHERE
Sales_Data.Amount <
3000
SELECT MIN (Sales_Data.Amount) AS agg FROM Sales_Data WHERE
Sales_Data.Amount <
3000
SQL expressions
Use expressions in WHERE, HAVING, and ORDER BY clauses of SELECT statements to form detailed
and sophisticated database queries.Valid expression elements are:
Field names
The most common expression is a simple field name, such as calc or Sales_Data.Invoice_ID.
Constants and literals
Constants are values that do not change. For example, in the expression PRICE * 1.05, the value 1.05 is a
constant. Or you might assign a value of 30 to the constant Number_Of_Days_In_June.
A literal is another kind of constant; but instead of having an assigned value, the literal itself is the value,
such as 'Paris' or '14:35:10'. A literal is a “what you see is what you get” constant.
You must enclose character constants (such as literals) in pairs of single quotation marks ('). To include a
single quotation mark in a character constant enclosed by single quotation marks, use two single quotation
marks together (for example, 'Don''t').
You must enclose date, time, and timestamp constants in braces ({}), for example, {D '2005-06-05'},
{14:35:10}, and {TS
'2005-06-05 14:35:10'}. The one exception: SQL-92 syntax requires ISO date and time
formats with no brackets:
1 DATE 'YYYY-MM-DD'
1 TIME 'HH:MM:SS'
1 TIMESTAMP 'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS'
Field names Numeric operators Relational operators
Constants and literals Character operators Logical operators
Exponential notation Date operators Functions
Constant Acceptable syntax (examples)
Text 'Paris'
Number 1.05
Date DATE '2005-06-05'
{ D '2005-06-05' }
{ 06/05/2005 }
{ 06/05/05 }