Owner’s manual & Installation manual Mode d’emploi et manuel d’installation Manual de instrucciones y de instalación NX500 NZ500 2-DIN DVD MULTIMEDIA STATION WITH BUILT-IN NAVIGATION & 6.
English CLARION PRODUCT REGISTRATION INFORMATION For USA and Canada only www.clarion.com Owner’s Manual Dear Customer: Congratulations on your purchase of a Clarion mobile electronic product. We are confident that you’ll enjoy your Clarion experience. There are many benefits to registering your product. We invite you to visit our website at www.clarion.com to register your Clarion product. We have made product registration simple with our easy to use website.
English English Contents NX500/NZ500 Owner’s Manual 1. FEATURES......................................................................................................................... 4 Expanding Systems ........................................................................................................... 4 2. PRECAUTIONS ................................................................................................................. 5 3. CONTROLS .................................................
English 1. FEATURES Owner’s Manual Double Din 6.
English English 2. PRECAUTIONS WARNING NX500/NZ500 5 Owner’s Manual • For your safety, the driver should not watch any video sources and/or operate the controls while driving. Please note that watching and operating any video sources while driving are prohibited by law in some countries. Also, while driving, keep the volume to a level at which external sounds can be heard. • When using the navigation system, follow the precautions listed below.
English Owner’s Manual 1.When the inside of the car is very cold and the player is used soon after switching on the heater, moisture may form on the disc (DVD/ CD) or the optical parts of the player and proper playback may not be possible. If moisture forms on the disc (DVD/CD), wipe it off with a soft cloth. If moisture forms on the optical parts of the player, do not use the player for about one hour. The condensation will disappear naturally allowing normal operation. 2.
English English 3.
Functions of Buttons English Note: Be sure to read this chapter while referring to front diagram “CONTROLS” Owner’s Manual [MUTE] [ PWR] [VOL] Knob • Press this knob to turn on the power. Keep pressing this knob more than 1 second to turn off the power. • Press this knob to attenuate the sound of the receiver, press again to restore sound. • Rotate the knob to increase or decrease the volume. [NAVI/AV] Button • Press this button to enter navigation video.
English English Remote Control Signal transmitter [OPEN] [MODE] [POWER ] Owner’s Manual [MUTE] [VOLUME] [0 - 9] [INFO] [ / BAND] [SEL] [MENU] [SRCH] [ ][ ] [PIC ] [ESC] [ A B] [OK ] [REPEAT] [ROOT ] [ ][ ] [TITLE] ] [[ ] [ZOOM] [AUDIO] [ AUDIO VIDEO iPod ] [SUB TITLE/VIDEO iPod MODE*] [ANGLE/AUDIO iPod MODE*] * Only when capable iPod/iPhone is connected Replacing the batteries 1. Press the retention tab and pull out the battery tray and remove the old battery. 2.
Functions of Remote Control Buttons English You can use the remote control unit to control the NX500 and NZ500. Owner’s Manual Note: • The wireless remote control operation may not be optimal in direct sunlight. Shared modes [ ], [ ] Buttons Press to manually select the next higher or [MODE] Button lower station in TUNER and Satellite Radio • Press this button to scroll through the various modes. available sources such as the AM/FM tuner, [ ], [ ] Buttons DVD player, iPod, Sirius Radio, or AUX IN.
NX500/NZ500 11 Owner’s Manual [AUDIO] Button Press to switch the AUDIO function in the DVD video mode. [SUB-T] Button Press to display subtitles in the DVD video mode. [ANGLE] Button Press to switch the ANGLE function in the DVD video mode when the Angle mark is displayed. [OK ] Button Press to play or pause the selected media. [ ], [ ] Buttons Press to scroll the list screens. [ ], [ ] Buttons Press to select the next higher or lower track numbers.
English 4. CAUTIONS ON HANDLING Operation Panel Owner’s Manual For a longer service life, be sure to read the following cautions. • The operation panel will operate properly in a temperature range of 0˚ to 60˚ C. • Do not allow any liquids on the set from drinks, umbrellas etc. Doing so may damage the internal circuitry. • Do not disassemble or modify the set in any way. Doing so may result in damage. • Subjecting the operation panel to shocks may result in breakage, deformation or other damage.
WARNING Alkaline (CR) button batteries contain Perchlorate. Dispose of discharged batteries properly. Cleaning • Cleaning the cabinet Use a soft, dry cloth and gently wipe off the dirt. For tough dirt, apply some neutral detergent diluted in water to a soft cloth, wipe off the dirt gently, then wipe again with a dry cloth. Do not use benzene, thinner, car cleaner, etc., as these substances may damage the cabinet or cause the paint to peel.
Handling Discs English Owner’s Manual Handling • New discs may have some roughness around the edges. If such discs are used, the player may not work or the sound may skip. Use a ball-point pen or the like to remove any roughness from the edge of the disc. Ball-point pen Roughness • Never stick labels on the surface of the disc or mark the surface with a pencil or pen. • Never play a disc with any cellophane tape or other glue on it or with peeling off marks.
English English 5. DVD VIDEO SYSTEM DVD video is a high-quality digital video source that provides crisp and clear images. One 12 cm disc contains either one film or four hours of music. This unit provides the following functions in addition to the high image quality and sound quality of DVD video. Note: • The functions described in this section, for example, the recorded language, subtitles, angles, etc. differ depending on the DVD video disc. Refer to the instructions provided with the DVD video.
Discs English Playable discs This DVD video player can play the following discs. Playable discs Owner’s Manual DVD video discs Audio CDs About CD Extra discs A CD Extra disc is a disc in which a total of two sessions have been recorded. The first session is Audio session and the second session is Data session. Your personally-created CDs with more than second data sessions recorded cannot be played on this DVD video player. Note: • When you play a CD Extra disc, only the first session will be recognized.
NX500/NZ500 17 Owner’s Manual Apple is not responsible for the operation of this device or its compliance with safety and regulatory standards. iPod and iTunes® are trademarks of Apple Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries. iPhone is a trademark of Apple Inc. • HD Radio™ and the HD Radio and HD Radio Ready logos are proprietary trademarks of iBiquity Digital Corporation. • The Bluetooth® word mark and logos are owned by the Bluetooth® SIG, Inc. and any use of such marks by Clarion Co.,Ltd.
English 6. OPERATIONS Basic Operations Owner’s Manual Note: • Be sure to read this chapter referring to the chapter “3. CONTROLS” CAUTION When the unit is turned on, starting and stopping the engine with its volume raised to the maximum level may harm your hearings. Be careful about adjusting the volume. Turning ON and OFF the Power Note: • Start the engine before using this unit. • Be careful about using this unit for a long time without running the engine.
CAUTION While driving, keep the volume level at which external sounds can be heard. Mute Press the [MUTE] [PWR] button to turn mute On and Off. Adjusting the Settings 1. Press [Setup] to enter setting menu mode. 2. Press the desired mode button. Modes come in the following order: • General, including Clock settings, Beep, Camera Image, Radio Field, Tel Mute, Tel SP, Aux In Input SW, Version. • Video, Audio, Navigation, Misc. 3. Perform the adjustment for the desired item.
Basic Operations English Adjusting the clock Press the [Setup] button. The Setup menu will be displayed. Touch “Clock” in General sub menu. 2. Press the highlighted check mark (Accept). The Main Menu will be displayed. Select your destination. Owner’s Manual 2. Set up the time by touching the digital numbers on the screen. 3. Touch the [Clock Mode] to change time settings to 12Hr or 24Hr. Select 12Hr, than you can choose AM or PM mode. Adjusting the Radio region 1.
1 10 2 9 7 6 5 4 3 1 2 3 4 5 - Zoom Out Map Scale GPS Status Compass Position Current Time 6 - Back to Menu 7 - Local Information 8 - Mute 9 - Change View 10 - Zoom In 7. Press the highlighted “Start Route” button. 9. To set up navigation menu, see “Navigation set up “ in “Setup Operations” chapter. Reset to Factory Defaults 1. Press Setup to enter setting menu mode. 2. Press the Misc button. 3. Press Restore Defaults button. Select [YES] to restore your unit to factory default settings.
Radio Operations English Owner’s Manual Listening to the Radio 1. Touch the Tuner button on the Main menu display. The tuner mode screen is displayed. 2. Press the [BAND] button or touch the [Band] key on remote control to select the radio band. Each time the button is pressed, the radio reception band changes in the following order: FM1, FM2, FM3, AM, FM1... 4 1 5 2 3 6 Recalling a preset station There are 2 ways to recall the preset station. • Using the remote control: 1.
English LOC/DX Setting The DX / LOC setting changes the tuner sensitivity in order to seperate closely spaced stations. This feature is useful in areas that have many radio stations in close proximity. 1. Touch the [DX] key to switch to LOCAL tuner sensitivity. 2. Touch the [LOC] key to switch to DX tuner sensitivity. Owner’s Manual Preset Scan The Preset Scan receives the stations stored in the preset memory in order. This function is useful when searching for the desired station in memory. 1.
DVD Video Player Operations English Owner’s Manual Setting up the password for parental level control The factory default setting is “0000”. 1. In Main Menu press Setup button. Press Misc button on the dispaly. Touch the Set Password ---- and a numerical key pad will appear. slot the label side facing up. CAUTION For your safety, the driver should not insert or eject a disc, or operate the controls while driving. Note: • Never insert foreign objects into the disc insertion slot.
8 - Chap Button 9 - Previous Track Button 10 - Fast Backward Button 11 - Play/Pause Button 12 - Fast Forward Button 13 - Next Track Button 14 - Stop Button Operate the DVD Player menu You can select the button items displayed in the DVD menu by directly touching it. If the button items are hard to select correctly, you can also operate them by using the remote control directional buttons. turns the Key Pad to the title number input mode.
DVD Video Player Operations English Owner’s Manual Using the Title Menu On DVD discs containing two or more titles, you can select from the title menu for playback. 1. Showing the DVD PLAYER mode screen, touch the [CHAP] key during playback. The title menu screen appears. *Depending on the disc, the title menu cannot be called. 2. Select the button items displayed in the title menu screen by the same way of the DVD menu operation. *Depending on the disc, items cannot be selected with the ten-key buttons.
1 16 2 3 5 4 18 19 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 20 1 - Mute Display 2 - Repeat Display 3 - Shuffle Display 4 - Clock Display 5 - Main Menu Button 6 - Keyboard Button 7 - Repeat Button 8 - Shuffle Button 9 - Previous Track Button 10 - Play/Pause Button 11 - Next Track Button 12 - Stop Button 13 - Previous Page Button 14 - Next Page Button 15 - EQ Button 16 - Source Display 17 - Song Title 18 - Artist Information 19 - Album Information 20 - Scan Button Pausing Playback 1.
DVD Video Player Operations English LISTENING TO MP3/WMA Owner’s Manual This unit is an ID3 Tag compatible model. This unit supports the ID3 TAGs of the Version 2.4, 2.3, 1.1 and 1.0. In displaying, this unit gives priority to the Version 2.3 and 2.4 TAGs. After USB device inserted into USB slot, or disc is loaded, the play mode is automaticlly engaged. What is MP3/WMA? MP3 is an audio compression method and classified into audio layer 3 of MPEG standards.
English Playback Picture Menu The picture on the display comes with the different functions to operate. Owner’s Manual Playing MP3 folders When selected for play, files and folders (Folder Search, File Search or Folder Select) are accessed in the order in which they were written to the media. As a result, the order in which they are expected to be played may not match the order in which they are actually played.
Sirius Satellite Radio Operations English Owner’s Manual This function is available when a Sirius Satellite Radio Receiver is connected through the dedicated connection. This unit requires the following receiver: SIRIUS Satellite Radio Receiver: SC-C1 Note: SIRIUS satellite radio is a subscription service. Please contact Sirius Radio to begin or alter your subscription: • Internet: www.sirius.
Owner’s Manual Receiving Stations by Category Satellite Radio allows you to select broadcast channel category (contents). 1. Touch [Categories] button to enter category mode. 2. Touch [ ] or [ ] button to view all valid category. 3. Touch the desired category item key to select the category. 4. Select the desired channel by touching it momentarily on the screen. Note: When the category selection mode is entered, the category of the last received channel is displayed first. English 3. Touch the [OK] key.
Navigation System Operations English Introduction to Navigation Software Owner’s Manual Navigation software provides turn-by-turn visual and voice assistance to direct you to selected destination. The software quickly calculates step-by-step directions to any destination available on the included navigation map. The navigation software uses Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites, and a digital roadway map database to calculate and display travel directions.
1. Touch the Home Address button on the screen. If the home address is not set previously, the following screen will be displayed. To select the destination press Go To... button on Main Menu screen. The Go To... screen is displayed. English Select the destination English Route to home address Owner’s Manual 2. Press the check key to display home address set up screen.
English 4. Touch street key to dispay street name. The street screen is displayed. NOTE: The system remembers the last State/ Province selected, so this step is not necessary every time. 2. Point of Interest may be searched by Category, City or Name. Owner’s Manual 5. Choose desired street by typing on the keyboard. The list of streets under this letter will be displayed. Press up or down button to go thru the list. Select your street. Press button to return to the street mode screen. 6.
English You can route to a destination by directly inputting latitude and longitude values. 3. My POI will allow to create and save your personal points of interest. English Coordinates Mode Owner’s Manual 4. Trip Book will allow to navigate multiple destination trip. Favorites Mode You can select your route to a destination by choosing one of preset favorite places in the Favorites mode. Edit Favorites 1. Press this button to edit Address Book, Trail Book, Trip Book, My POI.
Trail Book editing screen: System Preferencies Setup English Press this button to set up your preferences for routing and navigation. The following screen will pop up. Select the mode you want to be set. Owner’s Manual Trip Book editing screen: 1. Press Setup Routing Criteria to set up your driving preferences. Check the preferable items on pop up screen. My POI editing screen: 2. Press Display Options to set up your screen display preferences. All the options are listed on 3 screens.
English • Select the Volume mode. The popup screen will allow to mute or turn on the system sound. English 3. Press User Preferences to set up your personal preferences. All the options are listed on 2 screens. Check the preferable items on pop up screen list. Owner’s Manual • Select the GPS Diagnostics mode. The information about current GPS condition will be displayed on poup screen. 4. Press Location Reset to set up your location preferences.
English If the office address is not saved: • Press the Favorites on the Go To screen. • On pop up screen press Edit Favorites button. The following screen will pop up. Touch the arrow keys down or up the list or page to display more listed items. Owner’s Manual • Press the Office Address button. The Set Office Address screen will be displayed. Fill the information in highlighted items. 2. Select the item from dispayed list by touching it. 3. Reset the displayed item by pressing the reset key.
English English 7. ACCESSORIES iPod/iPhone Operations Notes on using Apple iPod/iPhone • Do not connect an iPod/iPhone to this unit with a headphone connected to the iPod/ iPhone. • After the iPod/iPhone has been connected to this unit, the iPod’s buttons are disabled for operation in the Music mode. In the Video mode, do not operate the iPod’s buttons. • When in the iPod mode, a special iPod/iPhone control screen is displayed different from the main screens for other modes.
iPod/iPhone Operations English Owner’s Manual [ ] Shuffle key • Use to switch the shuffle mode on or off. When enabled, this function performs playback of tracks in random order, regardless of the order in which they are recorded. [ ] Play/Pause key • Use to control playback and pause. 1. Touch the key during playback. Playback pauses. 2. To resume playback touch the key again. [ ] EQ button • Use to enter Audio Settings menu to set. [ ] Keyboard button • Use to input number to select the track.
English English USB Operations Notes on using USB memories • General notes • When no data is present, the message “NO FILE” will be displayed. • The USB memory is used with the equalizer function turned OFF. • Notes on the MP3/WMA files • This system can play the MP3/WMA files stored in the USB memory. • This system cannot play DivX files stored in the USB memory. • Set the Sampling Frequency to: For MP3 files: • MPEG1 Layer3: 32, 44.1, or 48 kHz • MPEG2 Layer3: 16, 22.05, or 24 kHz • MPEG2.5 Layer3: 8, 11.
Bluetooth Audio Player Operations English Owner’s Manual Some Bluetooth cellular phones have the audio features, and some portable audio player support the Bluetooth feature. These devices will be called as “Bluetooth audio players” in this manual. This system can play audio data stored in a Bluetooth audio player. Note: • This system will not operate or may operate improperly with some Bluetooth audio players. • For detailed information on the playable Bluetooth audio players, see our home page: www.
English Owner’s Manual Selecting the Bluetooth audio player To change the current Bluetooth audio player to the other device which is already registered, perform the following operation. 1. Touch the [Device] key to display the Device Select screen. 2. Touch the currently connected device, then press the [Cut] key to disconnect the active device. 3. Touch the desired Device key you wish to use. Press the [Connect] key to select it as your active device.
English Owner’s Manual • You can talk with other party by using the internal microphone. When it is hard to hear for the other party in accordance with the communication condition or the used telephone, use the optional microphone (RCB-199), and set the Microphone Select setting to “External”. The sound will be improved, but noises may still be heard depending on the communication condition. Selecting the BT Phone mode 1. Press the [ ] button to display the Menu screen. 2.
Sending the Phone Book data from the cellular phone enables you to make a call using the Phone Book function from this unit. 1. Perform the Object Push transfer operation of the Phone Book data on the current cellular phone. For details of the operation, see the operation manual of the cellular phone. Note: • Some cellular phones may not be able to transfer the Phone Book data.
English Telephone operations Note: • For your safety, this system disables the calling functions when the car is moving. Be sure to stop the car and apply the parking brake before making a call. Owner’s Manual Making a call using the Ten-Key pad 1. Touch the [Telephone] key to display the Ten-Key pad screen. 2. Enter the telephone number by using the Ten-Key pad displayed on the screen. 3. Touch the [ ] (Send) key to call the entered number.
English English HD Radio Operations Listening to HD Radio 1. Touch the Tuner button on the Main menu display. The tuner mode screen is displayed. 2. Press the [BAND] button or touch the [Band] key on remote control to select the radio band. Each time the button is pressed, the radio reception band changes in the following order: FM1, FM2, FM3, AM, FM1...
HD Radio Operations English Owner’s Manual • Manual recall: 1. Press the [BAND] button to select the desire band (FM or AM) on the tuner. 2. Press the preset station (1 to 15) on tuner display. Press [ ] or [ ] to select next station up or down the preset list. 3. Touch the desired Band key to select the band you wish to store. 4. Tune in the station you wish to store using the seek tuning, manual tuning, or preset tuning. 5.
For your safety, the driver should not watch the VTR, etc. or operate the controls while driving. Please note that watching and operating the VTR, etc. while driving are prohibited by law in some countries. Press [AUX IN] or [AV IN] button on Main Menu to select desired mode (when unit is reading). The LCD will display the external video. The screen will dispaly “No Video” menu, if there is no video signal. You cannot directly control external devices connected to the AUX IN or AV IN input.
Setup Operations English Video Setup Menu This menu includes: TV Shape; Aux IN; Brightness. Clock: TV Shape: The function of it is to choose the screen area shape - 4:3 or 16:9. Aux IN: The function of it is to choose Aux In format. It contains AUTO, PAL, NTSC. Brightness: Set brightness value from 0 to 20. Owner’s Manual Press [Setup] button on the Main Menu screen. The Setup menu screen will be displayed. General Setup Menu Touch the button to set the clock. Select Clock Mode 12 Hr.
English EQ Set Up 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Misc Set Up This menu include: TS Calibrate; Set Password; Parental control. TS Calibrate: The function of it is to select the TS Calibrate YES or NO. Set password: The function of it is to set the password of the child lock. Parental control: The function of it is to set the rating of the age. It contains Kid Saf/G/PG/PG- 13/PG-R/R/ NC- 17/Adult. Software Update: Choose the function to update the software. NAV Update: Choose the function to update the NAV software.
English 8. TROUBLESHOOTING GENERAL Owner’s Manual Problem Cause Measure Power does not turn on. (No sound is produced.) Fuse is blown. Replace with a fuse of the same amperage. If the fuse blows again, consult your store of purchase. Incorrect wiring. Consult your store of purchase. The microprocessor has malfunctioned due to noise, etc. Turn off the power and open the operation panel. Press the reset button with a thin rod. Note: When the Reset button is pressed, turn off the ACC power.
English English USB DEVICE Cause Measure USB device cannot be inserted. The USB device has been inserted with wrong direction. Reversing the connection direction of the USB device, try it again. The USB connector is broken. Replace with a new USB device. The USB device is damaged. Connectors are loose. Disconnect the USB device and reconnect. If the device is still not recognized, try replacing with a different USB device. No sound heard with the display “NO FILE” shown.
English 10. SPECIFICATIONS FM Tuner Owner’s Manual Frequency Range: 87.9 MHz to 107.
English English INSTALLATION /WIRE CONNECTION GUIDE Owner’s Manual CONTENTS 1. Before Starting.................................................................... 55 2. Package Contents .............................................................. 55 3. General Cautions ................................................................ 55 4. Cautions On Installation ..................................................... 56 5. Installing The Main Unit ......................................................
4. Cautions on Installation English Owner’s Manual 1. Prepare all articles necessary for installing the source unit before starting. 2. This model features an operation panel that slides forward. On some types of cars, the operation panel may make contact with the dashboard or gearshift lever, in which cause it cannot be installed. Before installing, check that the unit will not hamper operation of the gearshift lever or obstruct your view before selecting the installation location. (Figure 2) 4.
Mounting Screw Holes (Side View of the Main Unit) For NISSAN vehicle For TOYOTA vehicle Figure 5 Installing the Main Unit in NISSAN Vehicle Main Unit 6Spacer (thickness: 1mm) 6-Spacer (thickness: 1 mm) Finisher (*1) Mounting bracket (1 pair for the left and right sides) 6Flat head 6-Flat headscrews screw (M5x8) (M5 8) (Attached main unit) (attachedtotothe the main unit) Figure 6 Note: * 1: Position the face panel with its wide edge at the bottom. Fit the edge into the groove of the main unit.
Installing the Main Unit in TOYOTA Vehicle English Install by using parts attached to the vehicle. (Screws marked vehicle.) are attached to the Owner’s Manual Main Unit 8- 8-Hexagonal Hexagonal screws screw (M5x8) (M5 Center Panel (* 2 ) 8) Mounting bracket Mounting bracket (1 pair for (1 pair the for left the left and right sides) *3 and right sides) Figure 77 Figure *2 Some panel openings are too small for the unit depending on the vehicle type and model.
English English 6. Cautions on Wiring Owner’s Manual 1. Be sure to turn the power off before wiring. 2. Be particularly careful where you route the wires. Keep them well away from the engine, and exhaust pipe, etc. Heat may damage the wires. 3. If the fuse should blow, check to see if the wiring is correct. If a fuse is blown, replace it with a new one of the same amperage rating as the original (15A FUSE). 4. To replace the fuse, remove the old fuse on the back of the unit and insert the new one.
7. Wire Connections English Owner’s Manual Note: • Before installing, be sure to disconnect the negative cable of the car battery. • In the optional devices, the RCA cables and the Connector cables are separately-sold items.
English English NZ500 HD Radio™ Tuner Module HD Radio Owner’s Manual GPS Antenna Radio Antenna Jack SIRIUS CONNECT VEHICLE TUNER Connector Cable Sirius iPod iPod/iPhone Refer to page 61 Black External Microphone Connection Black Yellow Yellow Video White White Audio/L Red Red Red Audio/R Connector Cable Red Purple White Red Black White Red Gray White Line Out Subwoofer Line Out Rear R Line Out Rear L Line Out Front R Line Out Front L Yellow Video Out 4-Channel Amplifier Monitor Blac
English Owner’s Manual Yellow +12V main power Black Ground Purple Purple/Black Red Gray Gray/Black White White/Black Green Green/Black Blue/White Rear right + Rear right +12V accessory Front right + Front right Front left + Front left Rear left + Rear left Amplifier turn-on cord Orange/White Illumination Blue Auto antenna Brown Phone interrupt (*1) Grass-green Purple/White Parking brake cord Reverse gear cord Note: *1: Connecting the PHONE INTERRUPT terminal The phone interrupt will mute the audio
How to attach the electro-tap (not included) Electro-tap (not included) Connecting the accessories • Connecting to the external amplifier The external amplifiers can be connected to the 6 channel RCA output connections. Ensure that the connectors are not grounded or shorted to prevent damage to the unit. • Connecting to iPod/iPhone device The iPod/iPhone device can be connected to dedicated iPod/iPhone connection on the main unit.
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1)this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2)this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003. Cet appareil numerique de la classe B est conforme a la norme NMB-003 du Canada.
