Cisco uBR7100 Series Universal Broadband Router Software Configuration Guide Cisco IOS Release 12.2 BC, 12.1 EC June 2004 Corporate Headquarters Cisco Systems, Inc. 170 West Tasman Drive San Jose, CA 95134-1706 USA http://www.cisco.
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CONTENTS Preface vii Purpose vii Cisco IOS Software Options Audience vii viii Organization viii Conventions ix Additional References x Obtaining Documentation xi World Wide Web xi Documentation CD-ROM xi Ordering Documentation xi Documentation Feedback xi Obtaining Technical Assistance xii Cisco.com xii Technical Assistance Center xii CHAPTER 1 Overview 1-1 Cisco IOS Releases and Images for the Cisco uBR7100 Series Router 12.2 BC Release Train and Images 1-1 12.
Contents Configuring the Cisco uBR7100 Series CMTS Using AutoInstall 2-7 Configuring Using the setup Facility 2-7 Configuring Global Parameters 2-8 Configuring Upstream Frequencies 2-12 Configuring Non-Cable Interfaces 2-13 Configuring Using the Configuration Mode 2-15 Using the Setup Facility for Cable Interfaces 2-17 Interface Slot Numbering 2-17 Configuring the Interfaces 2-17 Identifying the Cable Interface 2-19 Mapping Interfaces and Physical Ports 2-21 Identifying Port Adapter Slots 2-21 Configur
Contents Activating Upstream Timing Adjustment Activating the Upstream Ports 3-20 Setting Upstream Backoff Values 3-21 3-20 Enabling and Configuring Baseline Privacy 3-23 Introduction to the Baseline Privacy Interface (BPI) Enabling BPI 3-26 Configuring Baseline Privacy 3-26 3-23 Configuring and Activating Frequency Agility 3-28 Creating Spectrum Groups 3-28 Configuring and Activating Spectrum Groups 3-29 Configuring Spectrum Group Characteristics 3-32 Activating Cable Address Resolution Protocol Reque
Contents Typical Routing Configuration For High Speed Internet Access EuroDOCSIS Operation 4-6 Transparent Bridging Configuration 4-8 Integrated Routing and Bridging Configuration Baseline Privacy Interface CHAPTER 5 4-2 4-10 4-13 Troubleshooting the System 5-1 Using a Cable Modem at the Headend to Verify Downstream Signals 5-1 Managing Cable Modems on the HFC Network 5-2 Configuring Sync Message Interval 5-2 Activating Cable Modem Authentication 5-3 Activating Cable Modem Upstream Address Ve
Contents Configuring Unmodulated Test Signals Configuring PRBS Test Signals 5-45 Verifying Test Signal Output 5-45 Pinging Unresponsive Cable Modems Pinging a Cable Modem 5-46 Verifying the Ping 5-46 Using the Cable Monitor Feature 5-45 5-46 5-46 Using Cable Interface debug Commands 5-48 debug cable arp Command 5-48 debug cable envm Command (Environmental Monitor Messages) 5-48 debug cable err Command (MAC Protocol Errors) 5-49 debug cable privacy Command (Baseline Privacy) 5-49 debug cable keyman Comm
Contents Displaying the Configuration Register While Running Cisco IOS A-5 Displaying the Configuration Register While Running ROM Monitor Setting the Configuration Register While Running Cisco IOS A-6 A-6 Setting the Configuration Register While Running ROM Monitor A-7 INDEX Cisco uBR7100 Series Universal Broadband Router Software Configuration Guide vi OL-2238-03
Preface This preface explains the objectives, software options, intended audience, and organization of the Cisco uBR7100 Series Universal Broadband Router Software Configuration Guide. Purpose This guide describes the basic configuration, maintainenance and troubleshooting for the Cisco uBR7100 series universal broadband routers. This document describes the supported Cisco IOS software feature sets as they exist in these Cisco IOS releases: • Note Cisco IOS Release 12.1 EC (through release 12.
Preface Audience Audience This guide is intended for system administrators and support engineers who configure and maintain the Cisco uBR7100 series router. Many different delivery models exist for Cisco uBR7100 series equipment: • In smaller networks, a single service provider manages all equipment and infrastructure. • In larger networks, multiple service operators (MSOs) and ISPs share responsibility for provisioning and managing the cable plant and IP network.
Preface Conventions Conventions This guide uses the following conventions for command syntax descriptions and textual emphasis: Table 3 Command Syntax and Emphasis Conventions Convention Description boldface font Commands and keywords are in boldface. italic font Arguments for which you supply values are in italics. [ ] Elements in square brackets are optional. {x | y | z} Alternative, mutually exclusive, keywords are grouped in braces and separated by vertical bars.
Preface Additional References Additional References The following references provide additional information related to the Cisco uBR7100 Series router. Related Documents Related Topic Document Title and Location General Documentation • Cisco uBR7100 Series Technical Documentation Web Page: http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/cable/ubr10k/ubr_rmap.htm Cisco uBR7100 Series Hardware Installation • Cisco uBR7100 Series Hardware Installation Guide: http://www.cisco.
Preface Obtaining Documentation Obtaining Documentation The following sections provide sources for obtaining documentation from Cisco Systems. World Wide Web You can access the most current Cisco documentation on the World Wide Web at the following sites: • http://www.cisco.com • http://www-china.cisco.com • http://www-europe.cisco.com Documentation CD-ROM Cisco documentation and additional literature are available in a CD-ROM package, which ships with your product.
Preface Obtaining Technical Assistance Obtaining Technical Assistance Cisco provides Cisco.com as a starting point for all technical assistance. Customers and partners can obtain documentation, troubleshooting tips, and sample configurations from online tools. For Cisco.com registered users, additional troubleshooting tools are available from the TAC website. Cisco.com Cisco.
Preface Obtaining Technical Assistance Contacting TAC by Telephone If you have a priority level 1 (P1) or priority level 2 (P2) problem, contact TAC by telephone and immediately open a case. To obtain a directory of toll-free numbers for your country, go to the following website: http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/687/Directory/DirTAC.
Preface Obtaining Technical Assistance Cisco uBR7100 Series Universal Broadband Router Software Configuration Guide xiv OL-2238-03
C H A P T E R 1 Overview This chapter describes the Cisco uBR7100 series universal broadband router and its supported service offerings, software, and related hardware features.
Chapter 1 Overview Cisco IOS Releases and Images for the Cisco uBR7100 Series Router Cisco IOS 12.2(15)BC2b Images and Requirements Table 1-1 displays the memory recommendations of the Cisco IOS feature sets for the Cisco uBR10012 universal broadband router for Cisco IOS Release 12.2(4)BC1b. Cisco uBR10012 universal broadband routers are available with a 48-MB or 120-MB Type II PCMCIA Flash memory card. Table 1-1 Memory Recommendations for the Cisco uBR7100 Series Routers, Cisco IOS Release 12.
Chapter 1 Overview Cisco uBR7100 Series Configuration Tools Table 1-2 displays the memory recommendations of the Cisco IOS feature sets for the Cisco uBR7100 series universal broadband routers for Cisco IOS Release 12.1(20)EC2. Cisco uBR7100 series universal broadband routers are available with a 16-MB or 20-MB Type II PCMCIA Flash memory card. Table 1-2 Memory Recommendations for the Cisco uBR7100 Series Routers, Cisco IOS Release 12.
Chapter 1 Overview Cisco IOS Software Operational Overview DOCSIS CPE Configurator Cisco also offers an HTML-based DOCSIS CPE Configurator tool that can be accessed from Cisco.com. The tool is designed to collect information needed to generate a DOCSIS CM configuration file. The generated file is in binary format consistent with the DOCSIS RF Specification (SP-RFI-105-991105).
Chapter 1 Overview Operating Standards for Cisco IOS Software Upgrading to a New Software Release An upgrade is an order placed for a Cisco IOS® feature set that contains more functionality than the one that you are replacing. And upgrade is not an update. An update consists of installing a more recent version of the SAME feature set. Exception— If a feature set has been made obsolete, the next, closest feature set, on a more recent release, will be considered an update.
Chapter 1 Overview Operating Standards for Cisco IOS Software DOCSIS-compliant cable plants that support North American channel plans use ITU J.83 Annex B RF. Figure 1-1 illustrates a DOCSIS two-way and telco-return architecture.
Chapter 1 Overview Operating Standards for Cisco IOS Software The data path for DOCSIS networks is divided into the downstream (traffic sent from the CMTS to the CM) and the upstream (traffic sent from the CM to the CMTS). Because 90% of traffic in a typical Internet session is sent from the Internet to the user, the downstream is assigned the majority of the bandwidth allocated to each user. A single downstream can support thousands of users, depending on their particular service needs.
Chapter 1 Overview Operating Standards for Cisco IOS Software Upstream Signals The upstream channel is characterized by many CMs (or CMs in STBs) transmitting to the CMTS. These signals typically operate in a burst mode of transmission. Time in the upstream channel is slotted. The CMTS provides time slots and controls the usage for each upstream interval. The CMTS sends regular mappings of minislot structure in downstream broadcast MAP messages.
Chapter 1 Overview Operating Standards for Cisco IOS Software Upstream signals are demodulated using quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). QPSK carries information in the phase of the signal carrier, whereas QAM uses both phase and amplitude to carry information. Tip If your cable plant is susceptible to ingress or noise, QPSK is recommended based on the importance of the data.
Chapter 1 Overview Operating Standards for Cisco IOS Software • Security and authentication servers—These servers are optional for two-way installations but are required for a telco-return installation. DOCSIS 1.0-based CMs cannot connect to the broadband network until the following processes occur: • The CM initializes and ranges through available frequencies until it finds the first frequency that it can use to communicate to the CMTS—known as scanning for a downstream channel.
Chapter 1 Overview Operating Standards for Cisco IOS Software Note The initial DOCSIS 1.0 specification required that the CM successfully obtain a response from the ToD server before going online. Later versions of the specification made this optional—if the CM cannot contact the ToD server after a certain number of attempts, it continues as is with the provisioning cycle. 10. The CM also contacts the designated TFTP server to obtain its DOCSIS configuration file.
Chapter 1 Overview Operating Standards for Cisco IOS Software • One handles MPEG-2 video, audio, broadcast control data, and broadcast service data. • The other supports DOCSIS IP data. The return path is implemented with EuroDOCSIS.
C H A P T E R 2 Configuring the Cisco CMTS for the First Time This chapter describes how to start up and configure the Cisco uBR7100 series CMTS for the first time.
Chapter 2 Configuring the Cisco CMTS for the First Time Understanding Configuration Fundamentals • Ensure DHCP and DOCSIS configuration files have been created and pushed to appropriate servers so that each cable modem, when initialized, can: – transmit a DHCP request – receive an IP address – obtain TFTP and ToD server addresses – download a DOCSIS configuration file (or updated software image if using Cisco uBR924 cable access routers or Cisco uBR910 cable data service units in your network) • Ensur
Chapter 2 Configuring the Cisco CMTS for the First Time Understanding Configuration Fundamentals Using the Enable Secret and the Enable Password The Cisco uBR7100 series router is administered using the Cisco command interpreter, called the EXEC mode. You must boot and log in to the router before you can enter an EXEC command. Step 1 Step 2 Connect a terminal to the console port of the Cisco uBR7100 series router and establish a terminal session.
Chapter 2 Configuring the Cisco CMTS for the First Time Understanding Configuration Fundamentals Replacing or Recovering a Lost Password This section describes how to recover a lost enable or console login password, and how to replace a lost enable secret password on your Cisco uBR7100 series router. Note It is possible to recover the enable or console login password. The enable secret password is encrypted, however, and must be replaced with a new enable secret password.
Chapter 2 Configuring the Cisco CMTS for the First Time Understanding Configuration Fundamentals Step 3 If you can log in to the router as a nonprivileged user, enter the show version command to display the existing configuration register value. Note the value for later use. If you cannot log in to the router at all, continue with the next step. Step 4 Press the Break key or send a Break from the console terminal.
Chapter 2 Configuring the Cisco CMTS for the First Time Understanding Configuration Fundamentals Caution Step 12 Do not perform the next step unless you have determined you must change or replace the enable, enable secret, or console login passwords. Failure to follow the steps as presented here could cause your router configuration to be erased. Enter the configure memory command to load the startup configuration file into running memory.
Chapter 2 Configuring the Cisco CMTS for the First Time Configuring the Cisco uBR7100 Series CMTS Using AutoInstall Configuring the Cisco uBR7100 Series CMTS Using AutoInstall The AutoInstall process is designed to configure the Cisco uBR7100 series CMTS automatically after connection to your WAN. For AutoInstall to work properly, a Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) host on your network must be preconfigured to provide the required configuration files.
Chapter 2 Configuring the Cisco CMTS for the First Time Configuring Using the setup Facility If you do not plan to use AutoInstall, do not connect the router’s WAN or LAN cable to the channel service unit/data service unit (CSU/DSU). If the WAN or LAN cable is connected to the CSU/DSU and the router does not have a configuration stored in NVRAM, the router attempts to run AutoInstall at startup.
Chapter 2 Configuring the Cisco CMTS for the First Time Configuring Using the setup Facility Note The first two sections of the configuration script, the banner and the installed hardware, appear only at initial system startup. On subsequent uses of the setup command facility, the script begins with the following prompt. --- System Configuration Dialog --- At any point you may enter a questions mark ‘?’ for help. Use ctrl-c to abort configuration dialog at any prompt.
Chapter 2 Configuring the Cisco CMTS for the First Time Configuring Using the setup Facility Step 6 The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is the most widely supported open standard for network management. SNMP provides a means to access and set configuration and run-time parameters of routers and communication servers. SNMP also defines a set of functions that can be used to monitor and control network elements.
Chapter 2 Configuring the Cisco CMTS for the First Time Configuring Using the setup Facility Configure this interface? [yes]: IP address for this interface [19.2.22.5]: Number of bits in subnet field [8]: Class A network is 19.0.0.0, 8 subnet bits; mask is /16 Configuring interface cable 1/1: Is this interface in use? [yes]: Configure this interface? [yes]: IP address for this interface [19.2.22.6]: Number of bits in subnet field [8]: Class A network is 19.0.0.
Chapter 2 Configuring the Cisco CMTS for the First Time Configuring Using the setup Facility Step 10 When asked if you want to use this configuration, enter yes or press Return. Use this configuration? [yes/no]: yes Step 11 Save your settings to NVRAM. (Refer to the “Using the Setup Facility for Cable Interfaces” section on page 2-17.) Note You must always manually save the configuration settings to NVRAM whenever they are modified.
Chapter 2 Configuring the Cisco CMTS for the First Time Configuring Using the setup Facility Configuring Non-Cable Interfaces Follow the procedure in this section to configure WAN or LAN interfaces. To configure interface parameters, have your interface network addresses and subnet mask information ready. Configuring Ethernet Interfaces Step 1 In the following example, the system is being configured for an Ethernet LAN using IP.
Chapter 2 Configuring the Cisco CMTS for the First Time Configuring Using the setup Facility Step 4 Save your settings to NVRAM. (See the “Using the Setup Facility for Cable Interfaces” section on page 2-17.) Note You must always manually save the configuration settings to NVRAM whenever they are modified. The following sample display includes a continuous listing of all interface configuration parameters selected for Ethernet and synchronous serial interfaces.
Chapter 2 Configuring the Cisco CMTS for the First Time Configuring Using the Configuration Mode no ipx network ! interface Ethernet0/0 ip address 1.1.1.10 255.0.0.0 no mop enabled ! interface serial0/0 ip address 1.1.1.20 255.0.0.0 ip route-cache cbus no keepalive ! ! router igrp 15 network 1.0.0.0 ! end Use this configuration? [yes/no]: yes [OK] Use the enabled mode ‘configure’ command to modify this configuration.
Chapter 2 Configuring the Cisco CMTS for the First Time Configuring Using the Configuration Mode Step 5 At the Router(config)# prompt, enter the interface type slot/port command to enter the interface configuration mode: Router(config)# interface cable slot/port Router(config-if)# Step 6 Set the downstream center frequency to reflect the digital carrier frequency of the downstream RF carrier (the channel) for the downstream port: Router (config-int) # cable downstream frequency down-freq-hz Note Step
Chapter 2 Configuring the Cisco CMTS for the First Time Using the Setup Facility for Cable Interfaces Using the Setup Facility for Cable Interfaces The setup facility creates an initial configuration. The basic management setup configures only enough connectivity for management of the system; the extended setup prompts you to configure each interface on the system.
Chapter 2 Configuring the Cisco CMTS for the First Time Using the Setup Facility for Cable Interfaces The digital carrier frequency is specified to be the center of a 6 or 8 MHz channel based on your channel plan. For NTSC channel plans, EIA channel 95 spans 90.00 to 96.00 MHz. The center frequency is 93.000 MHz which is the digital carrier frequency that should be configured as the downstream frequency. Tip The digital carrier frequency is not the same as the video carrier frequency.
Chapter 2 Configuring the Cisco CMTS for the First Time Using the Setup Facility for Cable Interfaces Identifying the Cable Interface The Cisco uBR7100 series routers feature a fixed cable interface at slot 1. On the Cisco uBR7111 and Cisco uBR7111E universal broadband routers, the cable interface supports one downstream modulator and one upstream demodulator.
Chapter 2 Configuring the Cisco CMTS for the First Time Using the Setup Facility for Cable Interfaces Use the slot number and downstream port number to display information about a downstream interface. You can abbreviate the command to sh int c. The following example shows the display for upstream channel port 0 on a Cisco uBR7100 series router.
Chapter 2 Configuring the Cisco CMTS for the First Time Using the Setup Facility for Cable Interfaces Mapping Interfaces and Physical Ports Table 2-2 maps the cable interface card’s interfaces and physical ports. The cards can be configured in a number of different upstream combinations.
Chapter 2 Configuring the Cisco CMTS for the First Time Using the Setup Facility for Cable Interfaces MTU 1500 bytes, BW 27000 Kbit, DLY 1000 usec, reliability 255/255, txload 19/255, rxload 24/255 Encapsulation MCNS, loopback not set Keepalive not set ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00 Last input 00:00:02, output 00:00:00, output hang never (statistical information omitted) Interface Cable1/0 Hardware is IMC11 BCM3210 revision=0x56B2 Upconverter info: Config status 0x4E, Dynamic Status 0x0 Upconverter
Chapter 2 Configuring the Cisco CMTS for the First Time Using the Setup Facility for Cable Interfaces 0 input packets with dribble condition detected 0 packets put, 284529 bytes, 0 underruns 0 output errors, 0 collisions, 10 interface resets 0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred 0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier 0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out Note The interface type in the show interfaces command must match the actual interface type of the port adapter.
Chapter 2 Configuring the Cisco CMTS for the First Time Checking Your Settings and Reviewing Your Configuration Changes Would you like to configure the DHCP server ? [yes/no]: yes IP address for the DHCP server [X.X.X.X]: 10.0.0.2 Configure IP on this interface? [no]: yes IP address for this interface: 10.20.133.65 Subnet mask for this interface [255.0.0.0] : 255.255.255.248 Class A network is 10.0.0.
Chapter 2 Configuring the Cisco CMTS for the First Time Where to Go Next Router# show controllers cable slot/port upstream To check the value of the settings you entered, enter the show running-config command at the Router# prompt: Router# show running-config To review changes you make to the configuration, use the EXEC show startup-config command to display the information stored in NVRAM.
Chapter 2 Configuring the Cisco CMTS for the First Time Where to Go Next Cisco uBR7100 Series Universal Broadband Router Software Configuration Guide 2-26 OL-2238-03
C H A P T E R 3 Configuring the Cisco Cable Interface The Cisco IOS software command-line interface (CLI) can be used to configure the Cisco cable modem interface for correct operation on the hybrid fiber coax cable (HFC) network. This chapter describes the following tasks required to configure the Cisco cable modem card. Note For tasks marked optional below, default settings are typically adequate to configure the system. Change default settings only with careful prior analysis.
Chapter 3 Configuring the Cisco Cable Interface Configuring the Downstream Cable Interface Note • “Setting the Downstream Modulation” section on page 3-6 • “Setting the Downstream Interleave Depth” section on page 3-6 • “Setting the Downstream Helper Address” section on page 3-7 • “Setting Downstream Rate Limiting” section on page 3-8 In most applications, default values for the commands used in these configuration steps are adequate to configure the Cisco uBR7100 series router.
Chapter 3 Configuring the Cisco Cable Interface Configuring the Downstream Cable Interface Verifying the Downstream Carrier To determine if the downstream carrier is active (up), enter the show controllers cable command for the downstream port that you just configured. For NTSC 6 MHz operations, see the following example: CMTS01# show controllers cable1/0 downstream Cable1/0 Downstream is up Frequency=96000000, Channel Width 6 MHz, 64-QAM, Symbol Rate 5.056941 Msps FEC ITU-T J.
Chapter 3 Configuring the Cisco Cable Interface Configuring the Downstream Cable Interface FEC ITU-T J.83 Annex B, R/S Interleave I=32, J=4 Downstream channel ID: 0 Then enter the show controllers cable command, which also displays the center frequency, along with the power levels and whether the integrated upconverter is enabled.
Chapter 3 Configuring the Cisco Cable Interface Configuring the Downstream Cable Interface Router# show controllers cable1/0 downstream Cable1/0 Downstream is up Frequency=96000000, Channel Width 6 MHz, 64-QAM, Symbol Rate 5.056941 Msps FEC ITU-T J.83 Annex B, R/S Interleave I=32, J=4 Downstream channel ID: 1 For EuroDOCSIS operations, a sample appears below: Router# show controllers cable 1/0 downstream Cable1/0 Downstream is up Frequency 669.0000MHz, Channel Width 8MHz, 64-QAM, Symbol Rate 6.
Chapter 3 Configuring the Cisco Cable Interface Configuring the Downstream Cable Interface Setting the Downstream Modulation To set the downstream modulation, define the speed in symbols per second at which data travels downstream to the subscriber’s CM. A symbol is the basic unit of modulation. QPSK encodes 2 bits per symbol, QAM-16 encodes 4 bits per symbol, QAM-64 encodes 6 bits per symbol, and QAM-256 encodes 8 bits per symbol.
Chapter 3 Configuring the Cisco Cable Interface Configuring the Downstream Cable Interface Verifying the Downstream Interleave Depth To verify the downstream interleave depth setting, enter the show controllers cable command for the downstream port you have just configured: Router# show controllers cable1/0 downstream Cable1/0 Downstream is up Frequency=96000000, Channel Width 6 MHz, 64-QAM, Symbol Rate 5.056941 Msps FEC ITU-T J.
Chapter 3 Configuring the Cisco Cable Interface Configuring the Downstream Cable Interface Perform these steps if you are having difficulty with verification: 1. Check the cables, upconverters, RF levels, and frequencies if the cable interfaces do not find a downstream signal. 2. Check the cables, RF levels, and upstream frequencies, and enter a no shut command if the cable interfaces find a downstream signal, but not an upstream signal. 3.
Chapter 3 Configuring the Cisco Cable Interface Configuring the Upstream Cable Interface Verifying Downstream Rate Limiting To determine if downstream rate limiting is configured and activated, enter the show running-config command and look for the cable interface configuration information. If downstream rate limiting is configured and enabled, a rate limiting entry displays in the output. If downstream rate limiting is disabled, no rate limiting entry displays.
Chapter 3 Configuring the Cisco Cable Interface Configuring the Upstream Cable Interface • “Activating Upstream Frequency Adjustment” section on page 3-18 • “Activating Upstream Power Adjustment” section on page 3-19 • “Activating Upstream Timing Adjustment” section on page 3-20 • “Activating the Upstream Ports” section on page 3-20 • “Setting Upstream Backoff Values” section on page 3-21 Setting the Upstream Frequency The upstream channel frequency of your RF output must be set to comply with
Chapter 3 Configuring the Cisco Cable Interface Configuring the Upstream Cable Interface Caution Some cable systems cannot reliably transport frequencies near these band edges. The wider the upstream channel (in MHz), the more difficulty you might have. Enter a center frequency between 20 and 38 MHz if you have difficulty. Note You can also select a default that does not set a specific fixed value.
Chapter 3 Configuring the Cisco Cable Interface Configuring the Upstream Cable Interface Caution Higher symbol rates are more susceptible to RF noise and interference. If you use a symbol rate or modulation format beyond the capabilities of your HFC network, you might experience packet loss or loss of cable interface connectivity.
Chapter 3 Configuring the Cisco Cable Interface Configuring the Upstream Cable Interface Setting the Upstream Input Power Level The Cisco uBR7100 series CMTS controls the output power levels of CMs to meet the desired upstream input power level. The nominal input power level for the upstream RF carrier is specified in decibels per millivolt (dBmV). The default setting of 0 dBmV is the optimal setting for the upstream power level. The valid range for the input power level depends on the data rate. At 1.
Chapter 3 Configuring the Cisco Cable Interface Configuring the Upstream Cable Interface Note Software adjustments of 1 to 3 dB can be used to adjust for minor variations in measurement or setup and port-to-port calibration differences. These adjustments can significantly improve cable interface performance, especially in marginal situations. Larger adjustments should be made in conjunction with spectrum analyzer-support at the headend or distribution hub.
Chapter 3 Configuring the Cisco Cable Interface Configuring the Upstream Cable Interface Verifying Upstream FEC To verify if FEC is activated or deactivated, enter the more system:running-config command and look for the cable interface configuration information. If FEC is enabled, an FEC entry displays in the show running-config output. If FEC is disabled, no FEC entry displays in the output. Perform these steps if you are having difficulty with verification: 1.
Chapter 3 Configuring the Cisco Cable Interface Configuring the Upstream Cable Interface 3. Ensure the captive installation screws are tight. 4. Verify that you have entered the correct slot and port numbers. 5. Verify that you selected a valid frequency for your router. Activating the Upstream Scrambler The scrambler on the upstream RF carrier enables cable modems on the HFC network to use built-in scrambler circuitry for upstream data transmissions.
Chapter 3 Configuring the Cisco Cable Interface Configuring the Upstream Cable Interface 2. Ensure the cable modem card is firmly seated in its chassis slot. 3. Ensure the captive installation screws are tight. 4. Verify that you have entered the correct slot and port numbers. 5. Verify that you selected a valid frequency for your router.
Chapter 3 Configuring the Cisco Cable Interface Configuring the Upstream Cable Interface Step 2 Use a regular rate-limiting algorithm on the upstream without rate shaping and note the drops of the excess bandwidth requests from this cable modem when it exceeds its peak upstream rate. Use the show interface cx/y sid counters command to see the bandwidth request drops.
Chapter 3 Configuring the Cisco Cable Interface Configuring the Upstream Cable Interface Verifying Upstream Frequency Adjustment To determine if upstream frequency adjustment is configured and activated, enter the show running-config command and look for the cable interface configuration information. If upstream frequency adjustment is enabled, frequency adjustment entries are displayed in the show running-config output.
Chapter 3 Configuring the Cisco Cable Interface Configuring the Upstream Cable Interface Verifying Upstream Power Adjustment To determine if upstream power adjustment is configured and activated, enter the show running-config command and look for the cable interface configuration information. If upstream power adjustment is enabled, any or all three of the continue, noise, and threshold power adjustment entries are displayed in the show running-config output.
Chapter 3 Configuring the Cisco Cable Interface Configuring the Upstream Cable Interface Note The upstream cable interface does not operate until you either set a fixed upstream frequency or create and configure a spectrum group. Refer to the “Setting the Upstream Frequency” section on page 3-10, or the “Creating Spectrum Groups” section on page 3-28 for details. To activate the upstream ports, use the following commands in global configuration mode.
Chapter 3 Configuring the Cisco Cable Interface Configuring the Upstream Cable Interface Note Cisco does not recommend you adjust default values, but enable the automatic dynamic backoff algorithm. Refer to the “Configuring Dynamic Contention Algorithms (Cable Insertion Interval, Range, and Data Backoffs)” section on page 5-4. To set data or ranging backoff values for an upstream port, use one or more of the following commands, in cable interface configuration mode.
Chapter 3 Configuring the Cisco Cable Interface Enabling and Configuring Baseline Privacy Verifying Upstream Data Backoff Automatic To verify backoff window settings, enter the show controllers cable command for the upstream port you have just configured: CMTS01# show controllers cable1/0 u0 Cable1/0 Upstream 0 is up Frequency 24.016 MHz, Channel Width 1.600 MHz, QPSK Symbol Rate 1.280 Msps Spectrum Group is overridden SNR 33.
Chapter 3 Configuring the Cisco Cable Interface Enabling and Configuring Baseline Privacy BPI extends the definition of the MAC sublayer’s SID. The DOCSIS RF Interface Specification defines a SID as a mapping between CMTS and CM to allocate upstream bandwidth and class of service management. When BPI is activated, the SID also identifies a particular security association and has upstream and downstream significance.
Chapter 3 Configuring the Cisco Cable Interface Enabling and Configuring Baseline Privacy At that time, BPI provides basic protection against theft of service by ensuring the CM, identified by its MAC address, can obtain keying materials only it is authorized to access. The CMTS replies with a list of SIDs on which to run BPI. The reply also includes an authorization key from which the CM and CMTS derive the keys needed to secure a CM’s subsequent requests for additional encryption keys.
Chapter 3 Configuring the Cisco Cable Interface Enabling and Configuring Baseline Privacy Enabling BPI To enable BPI, choose software images at both the CMTS and CM that support the mode of operation. For the Cisco uBR7100 series software, choose an image with “k1” in its file name or BPI in the feature set description. For Cisco uBR924 cable access routers, all CM images from Cisco IOS Release 12.0(5)T1 or later support this by default.
Chapter 3 Configuring the Cisco Cable Interface Enabling and Configuring Baseline Privacy Verifying KEK Privacy To verify the KEK lifetime or gracetime values that are set, enter the show cable privacy kek command: CMTS01# show cable privacy kek Configured KEK life time value = 750000 Configured KEK grace time value = 800 Tip If you are having difficulty with verification, make sure you have entered a valid value for gracetime or lifetime.
Chapter 3 Configuring the Cisco Cable Interface Configuring and Activating Frequency Agility Tip If you are having difficulty with verification, make sure you entered a valid value for gracetime or lifetime for KEK and TEK privacy. Note If you entered the cable privacy mandatory command, then cable interfaces do not operate unless the cable interface configuration file specifies that privacy is on.
Chapter 3 Configuring the Cisco Cable Interface Configuring and Activating Frequency Agility To create spectrum groups, specify a list of upstream frequencies and nominal power levels that each spectrum group can use when an upstream frequency change is necessary. Each spectrum group should have its own list of upstream frequencies. After you have created one or more spectrum groups, you can add characteristics to them, providing more definitive control over frequency usage and frequency hopping.
Chapter 3 Configuring the Cisco Cable Interface Configuring and Activating Frequency Agility Tip You must repeat one of the previous command for each frequency or power level that you want to add to a spectrum group’s list of valid values.
Chapter 3 Configuring the Cisco Cable Interface Configuring and Activating Frequency Agility > Channel > > 1 > 2 > 3 > 4 > 5 > 6 > 7 Width Start Stop Center (Mhz) (Mhz) (Mhz) (Mhz) 3.2 20.0 23.2 21.6 3.2 23.2 26.4 24.8 1.6 20.0 21.6 20.8 1.6 21.6 23.2 22.4 1.6 23.2 24.8 24.0 1.6 24.8 26.4 25.6 1.6 26.4 28.0 27.4 Care should be taken to reduce the spectrum allocation when used with small channel widths. Otherwise, there will be a large number of upstream channel slots.
Chapter 3 Configuring the Cisco Cable Interface Configuring and Activating Frequency Agility Tip If you are having difficulty with verification, make sure you entered a valid spectrum group number, time, frequency, and input power level.
Chapter 3 Configuring the Cisco Cable Interface Configuring and Activating Frequency Agility Command Purpose CMTS01(config)# cable spectrum-group groupnum shared Specifying a given spectrum group as “shared” tells the Cisco uBR7100 series CMTS that you want to be sure that upstream frequencies assigned to upstream interfaces are not assigned to additional upstream interfaces. Table 3-1 describes the spectrum-group parameters.
Chapter 3 Configuring the Cisco Cable Interface Configuring and Activating Frequency Agility • Use the following example to add the upstream band 20,000,000 to 24,000,000 Hz to the list of valid bands with a change in the power level of 13 dBmV for spectrum group 3: Router(config)# cable spectrum-group 3 band 20000000 24000000 13 • Use the following example to configure a continuous band between 5,000,004 and 40,000,000 Hz for scheduled spectrum group 4 with a default power level of 0 dBmV.
Chapter 3 Configuring the Cisco Cable Interface Activating Cable Address Resolution Protocol Requests Assigning the Spectrum Group and the Upstream Ports After determining which upstream ports you want assigned to a combiner group, perform the following steps to configure a frequency hop table. Command Purpose Step 1 CMTS01(config)# interface cable slot/port Enter cable interface configuration mode for the interface to which you wish to assign a spectrum group.
Chapter 3 Configuring the Cisco Cable Interface Activating Host-to-Host Communication (Proxy ARP) Current configuration: ! interface Cable1/0 ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.
Chapter 3 Configuring the Cisco Cable Interface Configuring DHCP Options Current configuration: ! interface Cable1/0 ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.
Chapter 3 Configuring the Cisco Cable Interface Configuring Time-of-Day Service Command Purpose CMTS01(config)# cable dhcp-giaddr primary Enable cable DHCP giaddr functionality so that primary addresses are assigned to both cable modems and remote hosts. or CMTS01(config-if)# cable dhcp-giaddr policy Enable cable DHCP giaddr functionality so that primary addresses are assigned to cable modems and secondary addresses are assigned to remote hosts.
Chapter 3 Configuring the Cisco Cable Interface Setting Optional IP Parameters • Note “Activating IP Broadcast Echo” section on page 3-39 The default values for the commands used in these configuration steps are adequate in most cases to configure the Cisco uBR7100 series CMTS. Activating IP Multicast Echo The Cisco uBR7100 series CMTS echos IP multicast packets by default.
Chapter 3 Configuring the Cisco Cable Interface Activating Packet Intercept Capabilities To disable IP broadcast echo when it is enabled, enter the no cable ip-broadcast-echo command in cable interface configuration mode. Verifying IP Broadcast Echo To determine if IP broadcast echo is activated or deactivated, enter the more system:running-config command, and look for a notation in the cable interface configuration information: CMTS01# more system:running-config Building configuration...
Chapter 3 Configuring the Cisco Cable Interface Configuring Cable Modulation Profiles Configuring Cable Modulation Profiles To configure cable profiles (deviating from defaults), perform the following as necessary: • “Configuring Cable Modulation Profiles” section on page 3-41 • “Configuring QoS Profiles” section on page 3-43 • “Setting QoS Permission” section on page 3-45 • “Enforcing a QoS Profile Assignment” section on page 3-45 (Optional) • “Monitoring and Maintaining QoS for Higher Priority
Chapter 3 Configuring the Cisco Cable Interface Configuring Cable Modulation Profiles • Scrambler—Enable or disable scrambler. Valid values are scrambler and no-scrambler. Scrambler is used to create an almost random sequence of transmission symbols, which ensures an even spectral distribution of energy transmitted within the channel. The scrambler seed is an initial value that is used to start the pseudo-randomizer to scramble the bits.
Chapter 3 Configuring the Cisco Cable Interface Configuring Cable Modulation Profiles 1 1 1 1 request initial station short qpsk qpsk qpsk qpsk 64 128 128 72 no no no no 0x0 0x5 0x5 0x5 0x10 0x22 0x22 0x4B 0x152 0x152 0x152 0x152 1 0 0 0 8 48 48 8 no no no no yes yes yes yes 56 0 0 48 Note If you have CBR scheduling parameters and IP precedence rate limits defined in the QoS profile, the command output reveals this.
Chapter 3 Configuring the Cisco Cable Interface Configuring Cable Modulation Profiles Command Purpose CMTS01(config)# cable qos-profile groupnum max-upstream rate Set the maximum upstream data rate in kbps that a cable modem using this QoS profile will send. Valid values are from 0 to 100000 kbps. Default = 0 (no upstream rate limit.) CMTS01(config)# cable qos-profile groupnum max-downstream rate Set the maximum downstream data rate in kbps that a cable modem using this QoS profile will receive.
Chapter 3 Configuring the Cisco Cable Interface Configuring Cable Modulation Profiles Caution DOCSIS 1.0-certified cable interfaces that are given a short max-burst size might be unable to transmit large packets to the headend. Setting QoS Permission The Cisco uBR7100 series CMTS supports the creation of QoS table entries by SNMP or by CM registration requests. You can also configure a Cisco uBR7100 series CMTS to dynamically update QoS table entries via SNMP.
Chapter 3 Configuring the Cisco Cable Interface Setting Quality of Service (QoS) for Higher Priority Traffic Verifying a QoS Profile Assignment Step 1 Load the Cisco uBR7100 series CMTS and wait for the CMs to come online as indicated by the show cable modem command. Notice that the CMs are getting their provisioned class of service as indicated by the show cable modem and show cable qos profile commands.
Chapter 3 Configuring the Cisco Cable Interface Setting Quality of Service (QoS) for Higher Priority Traffic Command Purpose Step 5 Router(config)# qos-profile n grant-size Sets the size for unsolicited grants. Step 6 Router(config)# qos-profile n grant-interval Sets the interval for unsolicited grants. Step 7 Router(config)# qos-profile n max-burst Sets the maximum rate for upstream transmission bursts.
Chapter 3 Configuring the Cisco Cable Interface Setting Quality of Service (QoS) for Higher Priority Traffic no cable qos profile {groupnum | grant-interval {interval} | grant-size {size} | guaranteed-upstream {rate} | ip-precedence {value} | max-burst {rate} | max-downstream {rate} | max-upstream {rate} | name {string} | priority {value} | privacy | ToS-overwrite {value}} The following table describes the syntax and values for these commands. Syntax Valid Values groupnum QoS profile group number.
Chapter 3 Configuring the Cisco Cable Interface Setting Quality of Service (QoS) for Higher Priority Traffic Refer to the following example to configure QoS profile 4 with guaranteed upstream of 2 kbps, maximum transmission burst of 2, an IP precedence of 7, a maximum downstream rate of 300 kbps, with a priority of 4, cable baseline privacy set, and a ToS-overwrite mask and value byte (in hex) of 0x7: Router(config)# Router(config)# Router(config)# Router(config)# Router(config)# Router(config)# cable ca
Chapter 3 Configuring the Cisco Cable Interface Setting Quality of Service (QoS) for Higher Priority Traffic Field Description IP Type of Service Overwrite Mask Hex value of the mask bits. IP Type of Service Overwrite Value Value of the mask byte. This is the value the CMTS will overwrite into the ToS field (after masking bits specified in the ToS-mask parameter) of the IP datagram before forwarding the datagram into IP backbone/downstream.
Chapter 3 Configuring the Cisco Cable Interface Setting Quality of Service (QoS) for Higher Priority Traffic The show interface cable x/y upstream port # command is also enhanced to reflect the current state of the new MAC scheduler for the specified upstream port as shown in the following example: cmts# show interface cable 1/0 upstream 0 Cable1/0: Upstream 0 is up Received 68 broadcasts, 0 multicasts, 20811 unicasts 0 discards, 99 errors, 0 unknown protocol 20879 packets input, 0 corrected, 0 uncorrecta
Chapter 3 Configuring the Cisco Cable Interface Setting and Viewing Concatenation To configure the above modulation profile at the CMTS, use the following commands: Create a new qpsk modulation profile template m with all default parameters, except the “short grant” profile which has special parameters as given below: cmts(config)# cable modulation-profile m qpsk cmts(config)# cable modulation-profile m short 2 52 16 8 qpsk scrambler 152 diff 72 shortened uw8 Configure upstream port n on a given interfa
Chapter 3 Configuring the Cisco Cable Interface Setting and Viewing Concatenation Viewing Concatenation Status Use the following command to monitor concatenation: Command Purpose Router# show controller cable slot/port Displays the current status of concatenation for the specified slot and port. The following display indicates that concatenation is turned off.
Chapter 3 Configuring the Cisco Cable Interface Setting and Viewing Concatenation Cisco uBR7100 Series Universal Broadband Router Software Configuration Guide 3-54 OL-2238-03
C H A P T E R 4 Configuring Basic Broadband Internet Access This chapter describes the parameters of configuring and maintaining basic broadband Internet access.
Chapter 4 Configuring Basic Broadband Internet Access Typical Routing Configuration For High Speed Internet Access Figure 4-1 Two-Way Internet Access Network Example Subscriber cable modem Headend / Hub 10BaseT Off-air channels AM & digital modulators RF amplifiers Optical transmitter Satellite channels Receivers Descramblers Scramblers Tap RF Optical node Optical transmitter Optical node RF RF RF Optical transmitter Optical node Upconverter RF Downstream RF RF combiner RF IF Note O
Chapter 4 Configuring Basic Broadband Internet Access Typical Routing Configuration For High Speed Internet Access • DHCP Address Pools—The Cisco uBR7111 router acts as a DHCP server, providing different address spaces on the basis of the cable modem’s service level, including those customers whose network access should be denied access because they have cancelled their service. Different default pools can be used for cable modems and for the IP hosts behind them.
Chapter 4 Configuring Basic Broadband Internet Access Typical Routing Configuration For High Speed Internet Access timestamp ! ip ip no ip ip ip ! ip subnet-zero cef ip domain-lookup dhcp excluded-address 10.128.1.1 10.128.1.15 dhcp excluded-address 10.254.1.1 10.254.1.15 dhcp ping packets 1 dhcp pool CableModems network 10.128.1.0 255.255.255.0 bootfile platinum.cm next-server 10.128.1.1 default-router 10.128.1.1 option 128 ip 10.128.1.1 option 4 ip 10.128.1.1 option 2 hex ffff.8f80 option 11 ip 10.
Chapter 4 Configuring Basic Broadband Internet Access Typical Routing Configuration For High Speed Internet Access cable downstream annex B cable downstream modulation 64qam cable downstream interleave-depth 32 cable downstream frequency 851000000 cable down rf-power 55 cable upstream 0 description Cable upstream cable upstream 0 frequency 37008000 cable upstream 0 power-level 0 cable upstream 0 admission-control 150 no cable upstream 0 shutdown cable upstream 1 description Cable upstream cable upstream 1
Chapter 4 Configuring Basic Broadband Internet Access EuroDOCSIS Operation In this case, the user has configured modulation profile number “3” to be available to upstream channels wherever they are configured to apply it. Note that this modulation profile has been configured to operate with a QAM-16 modulation scheme. The default modulation scheme for any upstream profile (if it is not set to QAM-16) is QPSK.
Chapter 4 Configuring Basic Broadband Internet Access EuroDOCSIS Operation ! ! ! interface Loopback0 ip address 222.2.4.1 255.255.255.255 no ip directed-broadcast ! interface Loopback2 ip address 111.0.4.2 255.255.255.255 no ip directed-broadcast ! interface FastEthernet0/0 ip address 1.8.93.9 255.255.0.0 no ip directed-broadcast ! interface Cable1/0 ip address 3.214.1.1 255.255.255.0 no ip directed-broadcast load-interval 30 no keepalive cable spectrum-group 1 cable helper-address 1.8.93.
Chapter 4 Configuring Basic Broadband Internet Access Transparent Bridging Configuration Transparent Bridging Configuration Bridging operation between the cable interface and port adapter interfaces is typically not used in DOCSIS CMTS installations because of potential performance and security problems, but bridging operations is appropriate for certain MDU/MTU applications.
Chapter 4 Configuring Basic Broadband Internet Access Transparent Bridging Configuration ! hostname ubr7100 ! no cable qos permission create no cable qos permission update cable qos permission modems cable time-server ! cable config-file platinum.cm service-class 1 max-upstream 128 service-class 1 guaranteed-upstream 10 service-class 1 max-downstream 10000 service-class 1 max-burst 1600 cpe max 8 timestamp ! cable config-file gold.
Chapter 4 Configuring Basic Broadband Internet Access Integrated Routing and Bridging Configuration bridge-group 1 bridge-group 1 spanning-disabled ! interface Cable1/0 ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.
Chapter 4 Configuring Basic Broadband Internet Access Integrated Routing and Bridging Configuration Note IRB operation is supported only when using Cisco IOS Release 12.1(7)EC or greater. For complete details on transparent bridging and IRB operation, see the Bridging chapters in the Cisco IOS Bridging and IBM Networking Configuration Guide, Release 12.1, available on CCO and the Documentation CD-ROM.
Chapter 4 Configuring Basic Broadband Internet Access Integrated Routing and Bridging Configuration no cable qos permission create no cable qos permission update cable qos permission modems cable time-server ! cable config-file platinum.cm service-class 1 max-upstream 128 service-class 1 guaranteed-upstream 10 service-class 1 max-downstream 10000 service-class 1 max-burst 1600 cpe max 8 timestamp ! cable config-file gold.
Chapter 4 Configuring Basic Broadband Internet Access Baseline Privacy Interface no ip address no ip mroute-cache load-interval 30 no keepalive cable downstream annex B cable downstream modulation 256qam cable downstream interleave-depth 32 cable downstream frequency 525000000 no cable downstream rf-shutdown cable upstream 0 frequency 17808000 cable upstream 0 power-level 0 cable upstream 0 timing-adjust threshold 0 cable upstream 0 timing-adjust continue 0 cable upstream 0 channel-width 3200000 no cable
Chapter 4 Configuring Basic Broadband Internet Access Baseline Privacy Interface identifier (SID), and permits the cable modem to connect to the Cisco uBR7100 series router when baseline privacy is activated. The TEK is assigned to a cable modem when its KEK has been established. The TEK is used to encrypt data traffic between the cable modem and the Cisco uBR7100 series CMTS. Keks and TEKs can be set to expire based on a gracetime or a lifetime value.
C H A P T E R 5 Troubleshooting the System This chapter contains troubleshooting information for various functions of your Cisco uBR7100 series CMTS, and includes the following sections: • “Using a Cable Modem at the Headend to Verify Downstream Signals” section on page 5-1 • “Managing Cable Modems on the HFC Network” section on page 5-2 • “Polling Cable Modems” section on page 5-15 • “Understanding Show Command Responses” section on page 5-17 • “Troubleshooting Cable Flap Lists” section on page
Chapter 5 Troubleshooting the System Managing Cable Modems on the HFC Network Managing Cable Modems on the HFC Network To manage cable modems connected to the network, perform the following tasks as appropriate: Caution • “Configuring Sync Message Interval” section on page 5-2 • “Activating Cable Modem Authentication” section on page 5-3 • “Activating Cable Modem Upstream Address Verification” section on page 5-3 • “Configuring Dynamic Contention Algorithms (Cable Insertion Interval, Range, and
Chapter 5 Troubleshooting the System Managing Cable Modems on the HFC Network Activating Cable Modem Authentication The Cisco uBR7100 series CMTS can be configured to require all cable modems to return a known text string to register with the CMTS and gain access to the network. The text string can be from 1 to 80 characters in length. To activate cable modem authentication, use the following command in cable interface configuration mode.
Chapter 5 Troubleshooting the System Managing Cable Modems on the HFC Network Tip Be sure you enter the correct slot and port number when you enter the cable interface configuration mode. Note If the Cisco uBR7100 series router is reloaded or the ARP table is cleared, all hosts on the network will be forced to release and renew their IP addresses. Some systems might require restarting if the IP protocol stack is unable to renew using a broadcast IP address.
Chapter 5 Troubleshooting the System Managing Cable Modems on the HFC Network To deviate from system defaults when modifying the dynamic contention algorithm, use one of the following commands in cable interface configuration mode. Command Purpose CMTS01(config-if)# [no] cable Disable or enable the dynamic ranging interval algorithm. If lower and upper bounds for varying the period are not specified, the system uses default values of 50 msecs and 2 secs respectively.
Chapter 5 Troubleshooting the System Managing Cable Modems on the HFC Network Command Purpose CMTS01(config-if)# cable map-advance dynamic [n]|static Specify a value to enhance the upstream throughput from a cable modem connected to the Cisco uBR7100 series router. The n parameter provides the safety factor for the dynamic map advance algorithm.
Chapter 5 Troubleshooting the System Managing Cable Modems on the HFC Network Command Purpose CMTS01(config-if)# cable {modem | host | device} {macaddr ipaddr |} access group acl Configure access lists to be specified on a per-interface and per-direction basis. The packets received from cable modems and individual hosts are filtered based on the cable modem or the host the packets are received from. Use modem if the device is a cable modem.
Chapter 5 Troubleshooting the System Managing Cable Modems on the HFC Network Command Purpose CMTS01(config-if)# cable max-hosts n Specify the maximum number of hosts that can be attached to a cable modem on this interface. Valid range is from 0 to 255 hosts. Default = 0. CMTS01(config-if)# no cable max-hosts Reset the allowable number of hosts attached to a cable modem to the default value of 0 hosts.
Chapter 5 Troubleshooting the System Managing Cable Modems on the HFC Network Note The clear cable modem reset command is useful if an SNMP manager is not available, or if the cable modem is unable to obtain an IP address or respond to SNMP messages. Clearing Cable Modem Counters To clear the counters for the cable modem(s) in the station maintenance list, use one of the following commands in cable interface configuration mode.
Chapter 5 Troubleshooting the System Managing Cable Modems on the HFC Network • To enable rate limiting on the given downstream port using the token bucket policing algorithm, enter the cable downstream rate-limit token-bucket command. • To enable rate limiting on the given downstream port using the token bucket policing algorithm with traffic shaping, enter the cable downstream rate-limit token-bucket shaping command.
Chapter 5 Troubleshooting the System Managing Cable Modems on the HFC Network Note Before the introduction of this feature, the CMTS would drop bandwidth requests from a CM it detected as exceeding its configured peak upstream rate. Such request dropping affects the throughput performance of IP-based protocols such as FTP, TCP, and SMTP. With this feature, the CMTS can shape (buffer) the grants for a CM that is exceeding its upstream rate, rather than dropping the bandwidth requests.
Chapter 5 Troubleshooting the System Managing Cable Modems on the HFC Network uBR(config)# cable spectrum-group 2 frequency 22000000 3 The order of the configuration commands defines the order which frequency or power level is changed. There is always a single allocation set per spectrum group, listing the currently available bands. In the case of a shared spectrum group, there is also a single free set and “in-use” set because there is a single RF domain.
Chapter 5 Troubleshooting the System Managing Cable Modems on the HFC Network Table 5-1 show cable hop Command Parameters (continued) Field Description Corr FEC Errors The number of correctable FEC errors on this upstream port Uncorr FEC Errors The number of uncorrectable FEC errors on this upstream port Sample output: noisy1# show cable hop Upstream Port Poll Missed Port Status Rate Poll (ms) Count Cable1/0/U0 down 1000 * * * Cable1/0/U1 admindown 1000 * * * Cable1/0/U2 admindown 1000 * * * Cable
Chapter 5 Troubleshooting the System Managing Cable Modems on the HFC Network Table 5-2 show cable hop Command Parameter Descriptions Field Description Hop Thres Pcnt Level that the missed poll percentage must exceed to trigger a frequency hop expressed as a percentage Hop Period Maximum rate which frequency hopping will occur (seconds) Corr FEC Errors Number of correctable FEC errors on this upstream port Uncorr FEC Errors Number of uncorrectable FEC errors on this upstream port noisy1# show
Chapter 5 Troubleshooting the System Polling Cable Modems Debug and Test Commands To enable display of frequency hopping debugging messages, enter: debug cable freqhop To enable display of spectrum management debugging messages, enter: debug cable specmgmt To force a frequency hop decision on the port or ports, enter: test cable hop cable-if I portnum Polling Cable Modems You can obtain operating statistics and determine the state of CMs on the network.
Chapter 5 Troubleshooting the System Polling Cable Modems 5.110.1.2 5.108.1.5 5.108.1.4 5.108.1.3 Tip 0000.0000.0023 0000.0000.0026 0000.0000.0024 0000.0000.0025 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 offline offline offline offline To display debugging information, enter the debug cable remote-query command. See the following for an example debug message of a successful poll of a CM: Router# debug cable remote-query remote-query debugging is on . For IP address 209.165.
Chapter 5 Troubleshooting the System Understanding Show Command Responses Understanding Show Command Responses General show Commands Key show commands include: • show cable modem • show interface cable • show cable qos profile • show cable modulation profile • show cable spectrum-group Additional or changed show commands include the following: • The show cable qos command shows cable qos-profile n command, where the optional argument n can be used to display a specific profile.
Chapter 5 Troubleshooting the System Understanding Show Command Responses show cable modem Command The show cable modem command includes all DOCSIS states, and other useful troubleshooting information such as last received upstream RF power level and maximum number of provisioned customer premises equipment. Note DOCSIS CMs are required to pass through successive states during registration and provisioning. Using this information, you can isolate why a CM is offline or unavailable.
Chapter 5 Troubleshooting the System Understanding Show Command Responses – offline time—the time the CM went offline; the format is the same as other show cable modem commands (month, day, time, and year). – init (r1)—CM sent initial ranging. – init (r2)—CM is ranging. – init (rc)—CM ranging complete. – init (d)—Dhcp request received. – init (i)—Dhcp reply received; IP address assigned. – init (o)—Option file transfer started. – init (t)—TOD exchange started. – online—CM registered, enabled for data.
Chapter 5 Troubleshooting the System Understanding Show Command Responses • The Tx Timing Offset shows the current round trip time at the CM. The value is used to synchronize upstream transmission to the CMTS and is measured in units of 6.25 microseconds. • The Micro (dB) Reflection column is the total microreflections including in-channel response as perceived on this interface, measured in Dbc below the signal level.
Chapter 5 Troubleshooting the System Understanding Show Command Responses Cable1/0/U0 23 Cable1/0/U0 24 0050.7318.e985 3 0050.7366.1dbd 3 no no 26.40 26.69 Router# show cable modem cable 1/0 upstream 0 Interface Cable1/0/U0 Cable1/0/U0 Cable1/0/U0 Cable1/0/U0 Cable1/0/U0 Cable1/0/U0 Cable1/0/U0 Cable1/0/U0 Cable1/0/U0 Prim Sid 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Online State offline offline init(d) init(d) init(d) init(o) offline offline init(rc) Timing Rec Offset Power 2264 -0.50 4137 !-3.50 4136 !-2.50 4138 !-4.
Chapter 5 Troubleshooting the System Understanding Show Command Responses uBR7100# show cable modem maintenance Interface SID MAC Address Cable1/0/U1 Cable1/0/U0 Cable1/0/U2 Cable1/0/U0 Cable1/0/U0 Cable1/0/U0 Cable1/0/U2 Cable1/0/U1 Cable1/0/U2 Cable1/0/U1 Cable1/0/U1 Cable1/0/U1 Cable1/0/U1 Cable1/0/U2 Cable1/0/U1 1 2 11 13 16 20 24 27 28 30 31 32 33 35 36 0010.7b6b.5e27 0010.7b6b.5e15 0050.731c.b025 0050.731c.b021 0050.731c.b009 0050.731c.bfed 0050.731c.b023 0050.731c.bfeb 0050.731c.bfdf 0050.
Chapter 5 Troubleshooting the System Understanding Show Command Responses Table 5-4 show interface cable Command Field Descriptions Field Description Cable slot/port is up/...administratively down Indicates whether the interface hardware is currently active or taken down by the administrator. line protocol is up/...administratively down Indicates whether the software processes that handle the line protocol believe the interface is usable or if it has been taken down by the administrator.
Chapter 5 Troubleshooting the System Understanding Show Command Responses Table 5-4 show interface cable Command Field Descriptions (continued) Field Description no buffer Number of received packets discarded because there was no buffer space in the main system. Received broadcast Total number of broadcast or multicast packets received by the interface. runts Number of packets that are discarded because they are smaller than the medium’s minimum packet size.
Chapter 5 Troubleshooting the System Understanding Show Command Responses Table 5-5 show interface cable downstream Command Field Descriptions Field Description Cable Indicates the location of the downstream interface. Downstream is up/...administratively down Indicates the administrative state of the interface. packets output Total number of packets transmitted out of this interface. bytes Total number of bytes transmitted out of this interface. discarded Total number of packets discarded.
Chapter 5 Troubleshooting the System Understanding Show Command Responses Table 5-6 show interface cable upstream Command Field Descriptions (continued) Field Description unicasts Number of unicast packets received through this interface. discards Number of packets discarded by this interface. errors Sum of all errors that prevented upstream transmission of packets through this interface.
Chapter 5 Troubleshooting the System Understanding Show Command Responses Table 5-6 show interface cable upstream Command Field Descriptions (continued) Field Description Queue[CIR Grants] The MAC scheduler queue showing the number of CIR grants pending. Queue[BE Grants] The MAC scheduler queue showing the number of BE grants pending. Queue[Grant Shpr] The MAC scheduler queue showing the number of grants that have been buffered for traffic shaping. drops Number of packets dropped.
Chapter 5 Troubleshooting the System Understanding Show Command Responses Queue[CIR Grants] 0/20, fair queuing, 0 drops Queue[BE Grants] 0/30, fair queuing, 0 drops Queue[Grant Shpr] 0/30, calendar queuing, 0 drops Reserved slot table currently has 2 CBR entries Req IEs 280185, Req/Data IEs 0 Init Mtn IEs 800, Stn Mtn IEs 49 Long Grant IEs 26, Short Grant IEs 15 Avg upstream channel utilization :1% Avg percent contention slots :97% Avg percent initial ranging slots :1% Avg percent minislots lost on late
Chapter 5 Troubleshooting the System Understanding Show Command Responses See the following display output for the verbose keyword extension for all SIDs on the specified interface: Router# show interface c1/0 sid counters verbose Sid Input packets Input octets Output packets Output octets BW requests received Grants issued Rate exceeded BW request drops Rate exceeded DS packet drops Sid Input packets Input octets Output packets Output octets BW requests received Grants issued Rate exceeded BW request dro
Chapter 5 Troubleshooting the System Understanding Show Command Responses See the following display for the counters of the SIDs connected to the specified interface: Router# show interface c1/0 sid counters Sid Inpackets Inoctets Outpackets Outoctets 1 2 3 40 0 0 16586 0 0 31 0 0 9160 0 0 Ratelimit BWReqDrop 0 0 0 Ratelimit DSPktDrop 0 0 0 See the following display for the counters of SID 1 on the specified interface: Router# show interface c1/0 sid 1 counters Sid Inpackets Inoctets Outpac
Chapter 5 Troubleshooting the System Troubleshooting Cable Flap Lists Table 5-7 show interface cable sid Command Field Descriptions (continued) Field Description 1st time online Time at which the modem with this SID connected. Times online Number of times the modem with this SID has connected. % online Percentage of time the modem with this SID has been connected. Online time Minimum, average, and maximum number of hours and minutes the modem with this SID has been connected.
Chapter 5 Troubleshooting the System Troubleshooting Cable Flap Lists Note Although this is a Cisco proprietary CMTS feature, it is compatible with all DOCSIS-compliant cable modems. Unlike SNMP, the flap list uses zero bandwidth. The flap list collects the following station maintenance statistics: • Detects interface up/down flap; the reinsertion counter counts the number of times a cable interface comes up and inserts into the network.
Chapter 5 Troubleshooting the System Troubleshooting Cable Flap Lists The following tips and scenarios allow you to use the flap list in the most effective way: • If a subscriber's cable interface shows a lot of flap list activity, it is having communication problems. • If a subscriber's cable interface shows little or no flap list activity, it is communicating reliably; the problem is probably in the subscriber's computer equipment or in the connection to the cable interface.
Chapter 5 Troubleshooting the System Troubleshooting Cable Flap Lists • When the cable modem re-registers more frequently than the user-specified insertion time. • When intermittent keepalive messages are detected between the CMTS and the cable modem. • When the cable modem’s upstream transmit power is adjusted beyond the user-specified power threshold. Displaying the Flap List The flap list can be queried either using the standard Simple Network Management (SNMP) API or the CLI.
Chapter 5 Troubleshooting the System Troubleshooting Cable Flap Lists Table 5-8 Flap List Statistics Description (continued) Statistic Description Insertions Link insertion is the process whereby a modem performs an initial maintenance procedure to establish link with the CMTS. The Ins column is the flapping modem’s insertion count and indicates the number of times the RF link was abnormally re-established.
Chapter 5 Troubleshooting the System Troubleshooting Cable Flap Lists Table 5-8 Flap List Statistics Description (continued) Statistic Description Hit and Miss The HIT and MISS columns are keepalive polling statistics between the Cisco uBR7100 series and the cable modem. The station maintenance process occurs for every modem approximately every 25 seconds. When the CMTS receives a response from the modem, the event is counted as a Hit.
Chapter 5 Troubleshooting the System Troubleshooting Cable Flap Lists Table 5-8 Flap List Statistics Description (continued) Statistic Description Power Adjustments (P-Adj) The station maintenance poll in the CMTS constantly adjusts the modem transmit power, frequency, and timing. The P-Adj column indicates the number of times the modem’s power adjustment exceeded the threshold value.
Chapter 5 Troubleshooting the System Troubleshooting Cable Flap Lists completing registration. The upstream or downstream might not be stable enough for reliable link establishment. Very low hits and miss counters and high insertion counters indicate provisioning problems. • Condition 3: Relatively high power adjustment counter. Analysis: Indicates the power adjustment threshold is probably set at default value of 2 dB adjustment. The modem transmitter step size is 1.5 dB, but the headend can command 0.
Chapter 5 Troubleshooting the System Troubleshooting Cable Flap Lists Setting Cable Flap List Insertion Time You can set the cable flap list insertion time. When a cable interface makes an insertion request more frequently than the amount of insertion time defined by this command, the cable interface is placed in the flap list for activity recording. The valid range is from 60 to 86400 seconds. To set the cable flap list insertion time, use the following command in global configuration mode.
Chapter 5 Troubleshooting the System Troubleshooting Cable Flap Lists Setting Cable Flap List Miss Threshold You can specify the miss threshold for recording a flap-list event. A miss is the number of times a cable modem does not acknowledge a MAC layer keepalive message from a cable interface card. An 8% miss rate is normal for the Cisco cable interface cards. When the number of misses exceeds the threshold, the cable interface is placed in the flap list.
Chapter 5 Troubleshooting the System Troubleshooting Cable Flap Lists Clearing Cable Flap List To remove a single cable modem from the flap list or to remove all cable modems from the flap list, use one of the following commands in global configuration mode. Command Purpose CMTS01(config)# clear cable flap-list mac-addr Clears the entries in the cable flap list for the cable modem with this MAC address.
Chapter 5 Troubleshooting the System Performing Amplitude Averaging The following displays the current allocation table and frequency assignments: show cable spectrum-group [spectrum group number] The following displays maximum, average, and minimum% online time and offline times for a given SID on a given Cisco uBR7100 series router interface: show int slot/port sid connectivity The following command displays input and output rates, input errors, CRC, frames, overruns, underruns, collisions, interface r
Chapter 5 Troubleshooting the System Performing Amplitude Averaging Similar to the show cable flap-list display, the * symbol in the show cable modem output indicates that the CMTS is using the power adjustment method on this CM. The ! symbol indicates that the CM has reached maximum transmit power.
Chapter 5 Troubleshooting the System Setting Downstream Test Signals Setting Frequency Threshold to Affect Power Adjustment To control power adjustment methods by setting the frequency threshold, use the cable upstream freq-adj averaging interface configuration command. To disable power adjustments, use the no form of this command.
Chapter 5 Troubleshooting the System Setting Downstream Test Signals Configuring Unmodulated Test Signals Table 5-11 Instructions to Configure Unmodulated Test Signals Command Purpose Step 1 Router(config-if)# cable downstream if-output continuous-wave Generates an unmodulated continuous wave signal on the downstream channel. The interface is shut down. Step 2 Router(config-if)# no cable downstream if-output Stops sending test signals.
Chapter 5 Troubleshooting the System Pinging Unresponsive Cable Modems Pinging Unresponsive Cable Modems Pinging a Cable Modem Ping DOCSIS is a Cisco patent-pending feature that allows a cable system administrator to quickly diagnose the health of a channel between the Cisco uBR7100 series and the cable interface. The technology uses 1/64—the bandwidth of IP ping—and works with cable modems that do not have an IP address.
Chapter 5 Troubleshooting the System Using the Cable Monitor Feature Router(config-if)# cable monitor [outbound | incoming] [timestamp] interface interface {access-list | sid | mac-addr | upstream }[packet-type {mac [type {map-req | map-grant | dsa | dsc | dsd ... }] | data packet-header {ethernet | docsis}}] Enter configuration commands, one per line. Then press ctrl+z.
Chapter 5 Troubleshooting the System Using Cable Interface debug Commands Note See the Broadband Command Consolidation manual, available on Cisco.com and the documentation CD-ROM, for more information on this feature and its commands. Using Cable Interface debug Commands To troubleshoot cable interfaces, use the following debug commands in enable (privileged EXEC) mode.
Chapter 5 Troubleshooting the System Using Cable Interface debug Commands debug cable err Command (MAC Protocol Errors) This command activates debugging of cable MAC protocol errors. When this command is activated, any errors that occur in the cable MAC protocol are displayed on the Cisco uBR7100 series router console.
Chapter 5 Troubleshooting the System Using Cable Interface debug Commands debug cable modems Command This command activates debugging of cable modems. When this command is activated, messages from cable modems on the HFC network are displayed on the Cisco uBR7100 series router console.
Chapter 5 Troubleshooting the System Using Cable Interface debug Commands debug cable receive Command (Upstream Messages) This command activates debugging of upstream messages from cable interfaces. When this command is activated, any messages generated by cable interfaces and sent to the Cisco uBR7100 series router will be displayed on the Cisco uBR7100 series router console.
Chapter 5 Troubleshooting the System Using Cable Interface debug Commands debug cable startalloc Command (Channel Allocations) This command activates debugging of channel allocations on the HFC network. When this command is activated, messages generated when channels are allocated to cable interfaces on the HFC network are displayed on the Cisco uBR7100 series router console.
A P P E N D I X A Configuration Register Information for the Cisco uBR7100 Series Universal Broadband Routers The following information is found in this appendix: • Configuration Bit Meanings, page A-1 • Displaying the Configuration Register While Running Cisco IOS, page A-5 • Displaying the Configuration Register While Running ROM Monitor, page A-6 • Setting the Configuration Register While Running Cisco IOS, page A-6 • Setting the Configuration Register While Running ROM Monitor, page A-7 Conf
Appendix A Configuration Register Information for the Cisco uBR7100 Series Universal Broadband Routers Configuration Bit Meanings Table A-1 Configuration Register Bit Settings (continued) Bit No.
Appendix A Configuration Register Information for the Cisco uBR7100 Series Universal Broadband Routers Configuration Bit Meanings in ROMmon. If bit 13 is not set, the router will continue to netboot images indefinitely. The default setting for bit 13 is 0. If bit 13 is set, the system boots the boot helper image found in boot flash memory without any retries. The server creates a default filename as part of the automatic configuration processes.
Appendix A Configuration Register Information for the Cisco uBR7100 Series Universal Broadband Routers Configuration Bit Meanings Bit 8 Bit 8 controls the console Break key. Setting bit 8 (the factory default) causes the processor to ignore the console Break key. Clearing bit 8 causes the processor to interpret Break as a command to force the system into the bootstrap monitor, halting normal operation.
Appendix A Configuration Register Information for the Cisco uBR7100 Series Universal Broadband Routers Displaying the Configuration Register While Running Cisco IOS Note The console line rate on Cisco universal broadband routers is fixed at 9600 and cannot be changed. For additional information about configuring baud rates, refer to oneor more of these documents on Cisco.
Appendix A Configuration Register Information for the Cisco uBR7100 Series Universal Broadband Routers Displaying the Configuration Register While Running ROM Monitor National clock card with T1 controller 2 FastEthernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s) 1 Cable Modem network interface(s) 125K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory. 46976K bytes of ATA PCMCIA card at slot 0 (Sector size 512 bytes). 8192K bytes of Flash internal SIMM (Sector size 256K).
Appendix A Configuration Register Information for the Cisco uBR7100 Series Universal Broadband Routers Setting the Configuration Register While Running ROM Monitor Setting the Configuration Register While Running ROM Monitor If the prompt is “>”, the or0x command sets the configuration register. See the following sample output: >o/r 0x2102 > If the prompt is “rommon1”, the confreg command sets the configuration register. It prompts the user about each bit.
Appendix A Configuration Register Information for the Cisco uBR7100 Series Universal Broadband Routers Setting the Configuration Register While Running ROM Monitor Cisco uBR7100 Series Universal Broadband Router Software Configuration Guide A-8 OL-2238-03
INDEX sync message interval, configuring A troubleshooting AutoInstall configuration, basic 2-7 5-2 3-50 upstream admission control upstream back-off values 3-14 3-21 upstream cable interface, configuring B upstream channel width configuring upstream frequency adjustment 1-6 upstream input power level 1-6 broadband upstream minislot size 3-8 cable modem subnet addressing upstream rate limiting Baseline Privacy, configuring spectrum management 5-3 cable modem subnet addressing DHCP g
Index power adjustment threshold, configuring cable flap-list aging command cable modem registration timeout 5-39 cable modem upstream address verification 5-38 cable flap-list insertion-time command cable profiles 5-40 cable flap-list power-adjustment threshold command 5-39 3-40, 3-41 cable relay agent 3-37 downstream channel ID 3-7 cable insertion-interval command 3-1 3-4 downstream helper address 5-5 cable interface 3-7 downstream interleave depth configuring downstream modulatio
Index cable upstream admission-control command cable upstream channel-width command cable upstream data-backoff command enable secret 3-22 3-16 cable upstream frequency-adjust averaging command 3-18 cable upstream frequency command 3-15 cable upstream power-adjust command 3-19 cable upstream power-level command 2-25 2-25 files saving 2-15, 2-24 interface 3-17 3-16 3-20 caution 2-13 reviewing modifications 2-25 configuration bit meanings A-1 configuration modes, basic 2-15 configuration
Index D F DHCP giaddr FEC 3-37 1-8 finding information DHCP server 2-1 flap list DOCSIS See cable flap list MPEG framing format specification 3-5 5-31 Forward Error Correction 1-8 1-5 spectrum group characteristics 3-32 downstream cable interface configuring G 3-1 global parameters, configuring downstream channel ID configuring 2-8 3-4 downstream helper address configuring H 3-7 downstream interleave depth configuring Headend 3-6 Hubs 1-6 1-6 downstream modulation configu
Index N R nonvolatile random-access memory replacing or recovering a lost password See NVRAM reviewing changes to configuration numbering RIP cable interface slot 2-17 port adapter slot 2-17 2-10 See RIP NVRAM saving and viewing contents in S 2-24 saving the configuration file Service Identifier P setup command password PIM 1-7 2-8 script 2-3 2-4 1-7 ping docsis command logical interface numbering slot numbering banner information (example) 2-8 interface summary (example) 2-
Index spectrum management upstream frequency adjustment enhanced spectrum management spectrum group commands system maintenance configuring 5-11 3-18 upstream input power level 5-14 configuring 5-14 status 3-13 upstream minislot size cable interfaces downstream upstream configuring upstream power adjustment 2-20 configuring 2-20 interfaces 3-19 upstream rate limiting 2-21 symbols, defined 3-15 configuring ix Synchronous Optical Network upstream scrambler 1-6 synchronous serial
