2 CHAPT ER Preparing for Installation This chapter describes the equipment and site requirements for router installation. It includes the power and cabling requirements that must be in place at the installation site, descriptions of additional equipment you will need to complete the installation, and the environmental conditions your site must meet to maintain normal operation.
Safety Recommendations Safety Recommendations The following guidelines will help to ensure your safety and protect the equipment. This list is not inclusive of all potentially hazardous situations, so be alert. • • • • • • Never attempt to lift an object that might be too heavy for you to lift by yourself. Always turn all power supplies OFF (O) and unplug all power cords before opening the chassis. Always unplug the power cord before installing or removing a chassis.
Safety Recommendations • • • Do not work alone when potentially hazardous conditions exist. • • Never install equipment that appears damaged. Never assume that power has been disconnected from a circuit; always check. Do not perform any action that creates a potential hazard to people or makes the equipment unsafe. Carefully examine your work area for possible hazards such as moist floors, ungrounded power extension cables, and missing safety grounds.
Site Requirements • Handle interface processors by the handles and carrier edges only; avoid touching the board or any connector pins. • When removing an RP, SP (or SP), interface processor, or the arbiter, place the removed component board-side-up on an antistatic surface or in a static shielding bag. If the component will be returned to the factory, immediately place it in a static shielding bag. • • Handle bare boards (such as the arbiter board) by the edges only.
Site Requirements Interference Considerations When wires are run for any significant distance in an electromagnetic field, interference can occur between the field and the signals on the wires. This fact has two implications for the construction of plant wiring: • • Bad wiring practice can result in radio interference emanating from the plant wiring.
Site Requirements Network connections to the coaxial cables are tapped into a network segment and must be spaced at specific intervals. Table 2-1 lists the maximum number of connections (taps) per segment and the intervals at which they must be placed. A maximum of four repeaters can be used to link segments in a single network. Table 2-1 Ethernet Coaxial Connection Limits for 10-Mbps Transmission Parameter 10Base5 10Base2 Cable diameter 0.4" (1 cm) 0.25" (0.6 cm) Max.
Site Requirements Table 2-3 IEEE 802.3u Physical Characteristics 100BaseT Data rate (Mbps) 100 Signalling method Baseband Maximum segment length (meters) 100 Media UTP1 Topology Star 1. UTP = unshielded twisted pair. MultiChannel Connections Following are the MIP T1 specifications: • • • • Transmission bit rate: 1.544 kilobits per second (kbps) 50 parts per million (ppm) Output pulse amplitude: 3.0 volts (V) 0.
Site Requirements Token Ring Connections Currently there is no maximum transmission distance defined for IEEE 802.5 (Token Ring) networks. Shielded twisted-pair cabling is most commonly used for rates of 16 Mbps, and either shielded or unshielded twisted-pair cabling is used for rates of 1 and 4 Mbps. When planning your connections, remember that twisted-pair cabling is more susceptible to interference than other types of cabling, so plan the total network length and repeater spacing accordingly.
Site Requirements Table 2-6 IEEE Standard EIA/TIA-232C Transmission Speed versus Distance Rate (bps) Distance (Feet) Distance (Meters) 2400 200 60 4800 100 30 9600 50 15 19200 25 7.6 38400 12 3.7 56000 8.6 2.6 Balanced drivers allow EIA/TIA-449 signals to travel greater distances than EIA/TIA-232. Table 2-7 shows the standard relationship between bit rate and distance for EIA/TIA-449 signals.
Site Requirements multimode fiber. The maximum distances for single-mode and multimode transmissions, as defined by SONET, are in Table 2-8. If the distance between two connected stations is greater than these maximum distances, significant signal loss can result, making transmission unreliable. Table 2-8 SONET Maximum Fiber-Optic Transmission Distances Transceiver Type Maximum Distance between Stations1 Single-mode Up to 9 miles (14.8 kilometers) Multimode Up to 1.5 miles (2.4 kilometers) 1.
Site Requirements multimode transmissions assumes minimum transmitter power (PT), maximum link loss (LL), and minimum receiver sensitivity (PR). The worst case analysis provides a margin of error, although not all of the parts of an actual system will operate at the worst case levels. The power budget (PB) is the maximum possible amount of power transmitted. The following equation lists the calculation of the power budget: PB = PT – PR PB = –18.5 dBm – (–30 dBm) PB = 11.
Site Requirements Multimode Power Budget Example with Sufficient Power for Transmission The following is an example multimode power budget calculation based on the following variables: Length of multimode link = 3 kilometers (km) 4 connectors 3 splices Higher order loss (HOL) Clock recovery module (CRM) Estimate the power budget as follows: PB = 11.5 dB – 3 km (1.0 dB/km) – 4 (0.5 dB) – 3 (0.5 dB) – 0.5 dB (HOL) – 1 dB (CRM) PB = 11.5 dB – 3 dB – 2 dB – 1.5 dB – 0.5 dB – 1 dB PB = 2.5 dB The value of 2.
Site Requirements SONET Single-Mode Power Budget Example The following example of a single-mode power budget is of a two buildings, 11 kilometers apart, connected through a patch panel in an intervening building with a total of 12 connectors. Length of single-mode link = 11 km 12 connectors Estimate the power budget as follows: PB = 11.5 dB – 11 km (0.5 dB/km) – 12 (0.5 dB) PB = 11.5 dB – 5.5 dB – 6 dB PB = 2.5 dB The value of 2.
Site Requirements To use the rack-mounting hardware provided with the router, consider the following guidelines: • To mount the router between two posts or rails using the mounting ears, the inner clearance (the width between the inner sides of the two posts or rails) must be at least 17.72 inches (45 cm). • The height of the chassis is 11 inches (27.94 cm) with the chassis feet attached, and 10.5 inches (26.67 cm) when the chassis feet are removed.
Site Requirements Figure 2-1 Chassis Footprint and Outer Dimensions Chassis foot C 14.25" (36.20 cm) 2" (5.08 cm) Power supply width 14.60" to ears (37.08 cm) Chassis foot C 13.32" (33.83 cm) Power supply depth 12.00" (30.48 cm) 1.25" (3.18 cm) Interface processor depth 11.25" (28.58 cm) Fan tray Chassis depth 17.0" (43.18 cm) Chassis depth with power cord and cable management bracket 19.0" (48.26 cm) Noninterface processor end Interface processor end Chassis width 17.50" (44.
Site Requirements If the temperature of the room air drawn into the chassis is higher than desirable, the air temperature inside the chassis may also be too high. This condition can occur when the wiring closet or rack in which the chassis is mounted is not ventilated properly, when the exhaust of one device is placed so it enters the air inlet vent of the chassis, or when the chassis is the top unit in an unventilated rack.
Site Requirements General Precautions Follow these general precautions when planning your equipment locations and connections: • Use the show environment command regularly to check the internal system status. The environmental monitor continuously checks the interior chassis environment; it provides warnings for high temperature and maximum and minimum voltages, and creates reports on any occurrences.
Preparing Network Connections Power Follow these precautions when planning power connections to the router: • Check the power at your site before installation and periodically after installation to ensure that you are receiving clean power. Install a power conditioner if necessary. • Install proper grounding to avoid damage from lightning and power surges.
Preparing Network Connections • To connect serial adapter cables to remote devices that use metric hardware, replace the factory installed 4-40 thumbscrews on the cable’s network-end connector with the M3 metric thumbscrews that are included with all serial port adapter cables. • To connect a serial port to a T1 network, you need a T1 CSU/DSU that converts the High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) synchronous serial data stream into a T1 data stream with the correct framing and ones density.
Preparing Network Connections For wide-area networking, ATM is currently being standardized for use in Broadband Integrated Services Digital Networks (BISDNs) by the International Telecommunications Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) (formerly the Consultative Committee for International Telegraph and Telephone (CCITT)) and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). BISDN supports rates from E3 (34 Mbps) to multiple gigabits per second (Gbps).
Preparing Network Connections Simplex SC Connector H2399 Figure 2-4 For SONET/SDH single-mode connections, use the single-mode (ST2) connector (bayonet-style twist-lock). (See Figure 2-5.) ST2 Connector H2209 Figure 2-5 Warning Invisible laser radiation can be emitted from the aperture ports of the single-mode ATM products when no fiber-optic cable is connected. Avoid exposure and do not stare into open apertures. This product meets the Class 1 Laser Emission Requirement from CDRH FDDI.
Preparing Network Connections For multimode connections, connect the multimode interface cable to the media interface cable (MIC) connector. (See Figure 2-7.) MIC Connector on a 4B/5B PLIM H2213 Figure 2-7 For multimode SONET connections, connect the multimode cable to the SC connector on the PLIM. (See Figure 2-8.) SONET Multimode SC Duplex PLIM H2210 Figure 2-8 The SONET multimode SC-duplex connector is shipped with a dust plug. (See Figure 2-9.
Preparing Network Connections For single-mode SONET connections, connect the single-mode cable to the ST connector on the SONET PLIM. (See Figure 2-10.) SONET Single-Mode PLIM H2212 Figure 2-10 For E3 and DS3 connections, connect the coaxial cable to the BNC connector on the E3 or DS3 PLIM. (See Figure 2-11.) The E3 and DS3 PLIMs require cable CAB-ATM-DS3/E3. Ensure that the transmit and receive portions of the cable are connected to the appropriate PLIM connector.
Preparing Network Connections Figure 2-12 Ethernet Interface Cable Connectors EIP end H1347a Network/XCVR end The term Ethernet is commonly used for all carrier sense multiple access/collision detection (CSMA/CD) local-area networks (LANs) that generally conform to Ethernet specifications, including IEEE 802.3. Ethernet Version 2 and IEEE 802.3 were based on, and developed shortly after, Ethernet Version 1. The slight differences between Ethernet and IEEE 802.
Preparing Network Connections Ethernet is most similar to IEEE 802.3 10Base5. Both of these protocols specify a bus topology network with a connecting cable between the end stations and the actual network medium. Both protocols require a device that acts as an interface between the end stations (the EIP) and the actual network medium (cable). The Ethernet specifications call this device a transceiver, and it is connected to the station with a transceiver cable. The IEEE 802.
Preparing Network Connections Figure 2-13 Ethernet Transceivers To EIP Attaches directly to EIP port or to the transceiver cable Transceiver cable 15-pin AUI connector 15-pin AUI connector Ethernet XCVR RJ-45 connector UTP cable BNC connectors to thin-wire or thick-wire Ethernet network To 10BaseT Ethernet network To EIP Transceiver cable 15-pin AUI connector H1292a Multiport transceiver Note Some Ethernet transceivers can connect directly to the AUI ports on the EIP and do not require an AUI
Preparing Network Connections Typically, Ethernet connectors have either slide-type or jackscrew-type locks. (See Figure 2-14.) The most common are those that use a slide-type lock, which is the type used on the EIP ports. The connector on the left in Figure 2-14 shows a slide-type lock. When the cable is connected to the 15-pin port, a metal bracket snaps up over two posts on the cable connector to secure it in the port and provide strain relief.
Preparing Network Connections Depending on the type of media you use between the MII connection on the port adapter and your switch or hub, the network side of your 100BaseT transceiver should be appropriately equipped: with ST-type connectors (for optical fiber), BNC connectors (for 10Base2 coaxial cable), and so forth. Figure 2-16 shows the pin orientation of the female MII connector on the port adapter.
Preparing Network Connections Token Ring Cables and Connectors The Token Ring ports on the TRIP are DB-9 (PC type) receptacles that require Type 1 or Type 3 lobe cables. Type 1 lobe cables use shielded twisted pair cable and terminate at the network end with a large MAU plug. (See Figure 2-17.) Type 3 lobe cables use either shielded or unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cable and terminate at the network end with an RJ-11 plug. (See Figure 2-18.) The TRIP end of both cable types is a DB-9 plug.
Preparing Network Connections Table 2-14 IBM Token Ring and IEEE 802.5 Comparison Access Method Encoding Baseband Token passing Differential Manchester Baseband Token passing Differential Manchester Network Type Data Rates Stations/ Segment Topology Media Signaling IBM Token Ring network 4, 16 Mbps 260 shielded twisted pair 72 unshielded twisted pair Star Twisted pair IEEE 802.
Preparing Network Connections The information frame continues to circle the ring until it reaches the original sending station, which checks the returned frame to ensure that the destination station received the information. When the original sending station determines that the receiving station accepted the information, it purges the token and information frame, and transmits a new free token out to the ring.
Preparing Network Connections Other stations on the ring have the role of passive monitor; their primary job is to detect failure of the active monitor and assume that role if necessary. A contention-resolution algorithm determines which station takes over if the active monitor fails. A Token Ring algorithm called beaconing detects and tries to repair certain network faults. Whenever a station detects a serious problem with the network (such as a cable break), it sends a beacon frame.
Preparing Network Connections FDDI Transceivers and Cable Connectors The FIP single-mode interface uses simplex FC-type connectors for the Transmit and Receive ports. (See Figure 2-20.) The connector accepts standard 8.7 to 10/125-micron single-mode fiber-optic cable. The single-mode interface supports connections at distances up to 6 miles (10 kilometers). Single-Mode FDDI Network Interface Connectors, FC Type H1348a Figure 2-20 The multimode transceiver supports distances of up to 1.2 miles (1.
Preparing Network Connections Figure 2-22 Typical FDDI Configuration with DAS, Concentrator, and SASs FDDI Concentrator SAS SAS SAS H1553a DAS SASs (Class B) typically attach to the primary ring through a concentrator, which provides connections for multiple SASs. The concentrator ensures that a failure or power down of any SAS does not interrupt the ring. SASs use one transmit port and one receive port to attach to the single ring.
Preparing Network Connections Figure 2-23 DAS Station Failure and Ring Recovery Example Station 1 MAC B A Station 4 Ring wrap Station 2 A B B A MAC MAC A Ring wrap B H1589a Failed station Station 3 A second failure could cause the ring to wrap in both directions from the point of failure, which would segment the ring into two separate rings that could not communicate with each other.
Preparing Network Connections Figure 2-24 Optical Bypass Operation on a DAS Station 1 Station 1 Failed station B A A B Optical bypass switch “bypassed configuration” Optical bypass switch “normal configuration” Station 4 Station 2 Ring does not wrap Station 2 Station 4 A A A A B B B B B A B H1863 A Station 3 Station 3 Another technique for fault tolerance is dual homing, whereby critical devices are attached to two concentrators.
Preparing Network Connections For E1, four serial cables are available from Cisco Systems for use with the MIP. All three have DB-15 connectors on the MIP end and either BNC, DB-15, Twinax, or RJ-45 connectors on the network end. Figure 2-26, Figure 2-27, Figure 2-28, and Figure 2-29 show the E1 interface cables (respectively).
Preparing Network Connections Universal Serial Cables The universal FSIP ports for all interface types are 60-pin, D-shell receptacles. Each port requires a serial port adapter cable to connect to the external network or connection device. On data communications ports, the universal port adapter cable determines the electrical interface type and mode of the port. All universal cables use a 60-pin D-shell plug at the router (FSIP) end.
Preparing Network Connections • • X.21: DTE mode with DB-15 plug; DCE mode with DB-15 receptacle EIA-530: DTE mode with DB-25 plug E1-G.703/G.704 Cables Figure 2-31, Figure 2-32, and Figure 2-33 show the unbalanced and balanced cables used for connection between the E1-G.703/G.704 port adapter and your network. The port-adapter end of each cable has a DB-15 connector. E1-G.703/G.704 Interface Cable for 75-Ohm, Unbalanced Connections (with BNC Connectors and Coaxial Cables) Figure 2-32 E1-G.703/G.
Preparing Network Connections than determining absolute values. NRZ, the factory default on all interface types, is most common. All interface types also support NRZI format, which is commonly used with EIA/TIA-232 connections in IBM environments. (See the section “Configuring NRZI Format” in the chapter “Maintenance” for configuration instructions.) Cyclic Redundancy Checks (CRCs) All data communications interfaces use a 16-bit cyclic redundancy check (CRC) by default but also support a 32-bit CRC.
Preparing Network Connections All serial signals are subject to distance limits, beyond which a signal degrades significantly or is completely lost. For specific cabling distance limitations, refer to the section “Distance Limitations” in this chapter. The distance and rate limits in these descriptions are the IEEE-recommended maximum speeds and distances for signaling; however, you can usually get good results at speeds and distances far greater than these.
Preparing Network Connections Figure 2-35 EIA/TIA-449 Adapter Cable Connectors, Network End DCE H1344a DTE V.35 Connections The V.35 interface is most commonly used in the United States and throughout Europe, and is recommended for speeds up to 48 kbps (although in practice it is used successfully at 4 Mbps). The router (FSIP) end of all V.35 adapter cables is a high-density 60-pin plug.
Preparing Network Connections Figure 2-37 X.21 Adapter Cable Connectors, Network End 1 8 15 DCE 9 H1346a DTE EIA-530 Connections EIA-530, which supports balanced transmission, provides the increased functionality, speed, and distance of EIA/TIA-449 on the smaller, DB-25 connector used for EIA/TIA-232.
Preparing Network Connections HSSI Interface Cable Connector H1204a Figure 2-39 Caution Although the HIP connector and the HSSI interface cable are similar to SCSI-II format, the HSSI cable specification is more stringent than that for a SCSI-II. We cannot guarantee proper operation if a SCSI-II cable is used instead of an HSSI interface cable. A null modem cable (CAB-HNUL) allows you to connect two routers directly back to back between an available HSSI port on each.
Tools for Installation Tools for Installation The chassis is fully assembled at the factory; no assembly is required. Following are the tools and equipment you will need to install the chassis and the rack-mount kit: • Number 1 Phillips and 3/16-inch flat-blade screwdrivers to tighten the captive installation screws on the interface processors (most interface processor carriers use slotted screws, but some use Phillips-head screws).
Initial Configuration Information • • • • Bridging configuration (whether you will use bridging and, if so, on which interfaces). Internet Protocol (IP) addresses and subnet masks if you are routing IP. Zone names, network numbers, or node numbers for the new interfaces if required. Operating speeds for specific interfaces; for example, Token Ring interfaces operate at either 4 or 16 Mbps, and serial interfaces operate at speeds of up to 2 Mbps.
Initial Configuration Information Step 3 Check the processor slots and verify that the top slot contains an RP, and the slot directly below the RP contains an SP (or SSP). (See Figure 1-3.) Step 4 Each of the lower three processor slots (the interface processor slots) each contain an interface processor or a blank interface processor filler. Verify that the configuration matches the packing list and that the interface processors are the correct interface types with the correct number of ports.
Initial Configuration Information Table 2-15 Router Installation Checklist Task Date router received Router and all accessories unpacked Types and numbers of interfaces verified Safety recommendations and guidelines reviewed Installation Checklist copied Site Log established and background information entered Site power voltages verified Site environmental specifications verified Required passwords, IP addresses, device names, and so on, available1 Required tools available Network connection equipment av
Initial Configuration Information Table 2-16 Component List Component Description Chassis Router chassis Accessories The following accessories may arrive in separate shipping containers: Rec’d Rack-mount kit Two chassis ears, four M4 x 10-mm Phillips flathead screws, and eight 10-32 x 3/8” slotted screws Cable management kit Two brackets and six M3 x 6-mm Phillips screws for attaching the brackets to the chassis Power cable One power cable EIP port jackscrews One jackscrew conversion kit fo
Initial Configuration Information Component Description FEIPs Enter slot locations and port addresses on Configuration Worksheet TRIPs Enter slot locations and port addresses on Configuration Worksheet FIPs Enter slot locations and port addresses on Configuration Worksheet FSIPs Enter slot locations and port addresses on Configuration Worksheet HIPs Enter slot locations and port addresses on Configuration Worksheet MIPs Enter slot locations and port addresses on Configuration Worksheet Other
Initial Configuration Information Figure 2-40 7010 Interface Processor Slot Locations and Numbering RP slot SP or SSP slot Interface processor slot 2 Interface processor slot 1 Interface processor slot 0 H2359 Power switch Chassis ground screw Power receptacle Table 2-17 DC OK LED AC-input power supply Port Configuration Worksheet Slot 0—Refer to Figure 2-40 Slot 1—Refer to Figure 2-40 Slot 2—Refer to Figure 2-40 Port 0 Port 1 Port 2 Port 3 Port 4 Port 5 Port 6 Port 7 Preparing for Inst
Initial Configuration Information Router Name ____________ Location ___________________ Serial Number _____________ Table 2-18 Date Site Log for ___________________________________________________________ Description of Action Performed or Symptom Observed Page ________ 2-52 Cisco 7010 Hardware Installation and Maintenance Initials
