Instant Broadband™ Series ® EtherFast Cable/DSL VPN Router with 4-Port 10/100 Switch Use this guide to install: BEFVP41 User Guide
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Instant Broadband® Series EtherFast® Cable/DSL VPN Router with 4-Port 10/100 Switch Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction 1 ® The EtherFast Cable/DSL VPN Router with 4-Port 10/100 Switch 1 Features 1 Chapter 2: Your Virtual Private Network (VPN) Why Do I Need a VPN? What is a Virtual Private Network? 2 2 3 Chapter 3: Getting to Know the EtherFast® Cable/DSL VPN Router with 4-Port 10/100 Switch The VPN Router’s Rear Panel The VPN Router’s Front Panel LEDs 6 6 7 Chapter 4: Connecting the Cable/DSL V
Instant Broadband® Series EtherFast® Cable/DSL VPN Router with 4-Port 10/100 Switch Chapter 1: Introduction Appendix D: SNMP Functions 94 Appendix E: How to Ping Your ISP’s E-mail & Web Addresses 95 Appendix F: Installing the TCP/IP Protocol 98 Appendix G: Finding the MAC Address and IP Address for Your Ethernet Adapter 100 Appendix H: Glossary 104 Appendix I: Specifications Environmental 115 115 Appendix J: Warranty Information 116 Appendix K: Contact Information 117 The EtherFast® Cable/
Instant Broadband® Series Chapter 2: Your Virtual Private Network (VPN) Why Do I Need a VPN? 2) Data Sniffing Data "sniffing" is a method used by hackers to obtain network data as it travels through unsecured networks, such as the Internet. Tools for just this kind of activity, such as protocol analyzers and network diagnostic tools, are often built into operating systems and allow the data to be viewed in clear text.
Instant Broadband® Series There are two basic ways to create a VPN connection: • VPN Router to VPN Router • Computer (using VPN client software that supports IPSec) to VPN Router The VPN Router creates a “tunnel” or channel between two endpoints, so that data transmissions between them are secure. A computer with VPN client software that supports IPSec can be one of the two endpoints.
Instant Broadband® Series EtherFast® Cable/DSL VPN Router with 4-Port 10/100 Switch Important: The Reset Button* Chapter 3: Getting to Know the EtherFast® Cable/DSL VPN Router with 4-Port 10/100 Switch The Reset button can be used in one of two ways. 1. If the VPN Router is having problems connecting to the Internet, press the Reset button for just a moment with a paper clip or a pencil tip. This clears up any jammed connections, and is similar to pressing the Reset button on your PC to reboot it.
Instant Broadband® Series Full/Col 100 EtherFast® Cable/DSL VPN Router with 4-Port 10/100 Switch Green. The Full/Col LED also serves two purposes. If this LED is continuously illuminated, the connection made through the corresponding port is successfully running in Full Duplex mode. If the LED is flickering, the connection is experiencing collisions. Infrequent collisions are normal. If this LED is flickering too often, there may be a problem with your connection.
Instant Broadband® Series EtherFast® Cable/DSL VPN Router with 4-Port 10/100 Switch DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) DHCP is software that automatically assigns IP addresses to client stations logging onto a TCP/IP network. DHCP eliminates having to manually assign permanent IP addresses to every device on your network. DHCP software typically runs in servers and is also found in network devices such as routers.
Instant Broadband® Series Chapter 5: Configuring Your Network EtherFast® Cable/DSL VPN Router with 4-Port 10/100 Switch 4. Click the Properties button, and then choose the IP Address tab, as shown in Figure 5-2. Select Obtain an IP address automatically. Click the OK button. You have completed the client settings. Configuring Your PCs to Connect to the Cable/DSL VPN Router Note: Make sure that a Network Card or Adapter has been successfully installed into each PC on your network.
Instant Broadband® Series Configuring the Cable/DSL VPN Router Now that the VPN Router is wired into your network, you can begin configuring your system. Note: If the TCP/IP protocol is not configured on your PC, go to “Appendix F: Installing the TCP/IP Protocol” for TCP/IP installation instructions now. EtherFast® Cable/DSL VPN Router with 4-Port 10/100 Switch 4. The Router supports six connection types: DHCP (obtain an IP automatically), PPPoE, Static IP, RAS, and PPTP.
Instant Broadband® Series EtherFast® Cable/DSL VPN Router with 4-Port 10/100 Switch Static IP D. Click the Apply and Continue buttons to save the settings, or click the Cancel button to clear the settings and start over. If your ISP says that you are connecting through a static or fixed IP address from your ISP, perform these steps: E. When you are finished, click the Status tab, and then click the Connect button to start the connection. Proceed to step 5. RAS A.
Instant Broadband® Series 5. If you haven’t already done so, click the Apply button and then the Continue button to save your Setup settings. Close the web browser. EtherFast® Cable/DSL VPN Router with 4-Port 10/100 Switch 6. Reset the power on your cable or DSL modem. Chapter 6: The Cable/DSL VPN Router’s Web-based Utility 7. Restart your computers so that they can obtain the Router’s new settings.
Instant Broadband® Series Setup DHCP The Setup screen is the first screen you will see when you access the Utility. If you have already installed and setup the VPN Router, you have already seen this screen and have already properly configured all of the screen’s values. As shown in Figure 6-3, this is the Router’s default setting. Tt should only be used if your ISP supports DHCP. • • Host Name & Domain Name These fields allow you to supply a host and domain name for the Router.
Instant Broadband® Series EtherFast® Cable/DSL VPN Router with 4-Port 10/100 Switch PPPoE RAS Some DSL-based ISPs use PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet) to establish communications with an end-user. If you are connected to the Internet through a DSL line, check with your ISP to see if they use PPPoE. If they do, you will have to enable it, as shown in Figure 6-5. Remote Access Service (RAS) is a service that applies for connections in Singapore only. (This setup is shown in Figure 6-6.
Instant Broadband® Series PPTP EtherFast® Cable/DSL VPN Router with 4-Port 10/100 Switch VPN Point to Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) is a service that applies for connections in Europe only. (This setup is shown in Figure 6-7.) Specify WAN IP Address This is the Router’s IP address, as seen from the Internet. Your ISP will provide you with the IP Address you need to specify here. Figure 6-7 Subnet Mask This is the Router’s Subnet Mask, as seen by external users on the Internet (including your ISP).
Instant Broadband® Series Establishing a Tunnel The VPN Router creates a tunnel or channel between two endpoints, so that the data or information between these endpoints is secure. To establish this tunnel, select the tunnel you wish to create in the Select Tunnel Entry drop-down box. It is possible to create up to 70 simultaneous tunnels. Then check the box next to Enable to enable the tunnel. Once the tunnel is enabled, enter the name of the tunnel in the Tunnel Name field.
Instant Broadband® Series Under Remote Secure Group, you have two additional options: Host and Any. • Host - If you select Host for the Remote Secure Group, then the Remote Secure Group will be the same as the Remote Security Gateway setting: IP Address, FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name), or Any. (Remote Security Gateway settings are explained on the following page.) In the example shown in Figure 6-12, the Remote Secure Group is the same as the Remote Security Gateway, set to a specific IP Address.
Instant Broadband® Series • Any - If you select Any for the Remote Security Gateway, as shown in Figure 6-16, the VPN device at the other end of the tunnel will accept a request from any IP address. The remote VPN device can be another VPN Router, a VPN Server, or a computer with VPN client software that supports IPSec. If the remote user has an unknown or dynamic IP address (such as a professional on the road or a telecommuter using DHCP or PPPoE), then Any should be selected.
Instant Broadband® Series EtherFast® Cable/DSL VPN Router with 4-Port 10/100 Switch The Inbound SPI and Outbound SPI fields are different, however. The Inbound SPI value set here must match the Outbound SPI value at the other end of the tunnel. The Outbound SPI here must match the Inbound SPI value at the other end of the tunnel. In the example (see Figure 6-18), the Inbound SPI and Outbound SPI values shown would be opposite on the other end of the tunnel. Only numbers can be used in these fields.
Instant Broadband® Series EtherFast® Cable/DSL VPN Router with 4-Port 10/100 Switch To get more details concerning your tunnel connection, click the View Log button. The screen in Figure 6-21 will appear: Figure 6-22 Phase 1 Figure 6-21 The VPN Log screen displays successful connections, transmissions and receptions, and the types of encryption used. Once you no longer have need of the tunnel, simply click the Disconnect button on the bottom of the VPN page.
Instant Broadband® Series Group There are two Diffie-Hellman Groups to choose from: 768-bit and 1024-bit. Diffie-Hellman refers to a cryptographic technique that uses public and private keys for encryption and decryption. EtherFast® Cable/DSL VPN Router with 4-Port 10/100 Switch Password Key Lifetime In the Key Lifetime field, you may optionally select to have the key expire at the end of a time period of your choosing.
Instant Broadband® Series SNMP Community allows a name to be assigned to any SNMP communities that have been setup in the network. Four different communities can be defined, including the two default communities—public and private. For each SNMP Community name, you can configure each community's accessibility, making it either Read-Only or Read-Write. Restore Factory Default If you set this option to Yes and click the Apply button, you will clear all of the Router’s settings.
Instant Broadband® Series EtherFast® Cable/DSL VPN Router with 4-Port 10/100 Switch Client Lease Time The Client Lease Time is the amount of time a network user will be allowed connection to the Router with their current dynamic IP address. Enter the amount of time, in minutes, that the user will be “leased” this dynamic IP address. DHCP DNS The Domain Name System (DNS) is how the Internet translates domain or website names into Internet addresses or URLs.
Instant Broadband® Series Log EtherFast® Cable/DSL VPN Router with 4-Port 10/100 Switch Help Figure 6-27 Figure 6-26 The Log tab, shown in Figure 6-26, provides you with a log of all incoming and outgoing URLs or IP addresses for your Internet connection. The Log feature provides you with a log of all incoming and outgoing URLs or IP addresses for your Internet connection. The Logviewer keeps track of all incoming and outgoing activity that can be saved in a text file.
Instant Broadband® Series EtherFast® Cable/DSL VPN Router with 4-Port 10/100 Switch To upgrade the Router’s firmware: 1. Download the latest firmware version from the Linksys website (www.linksys.com). 2. Go to the Help screen. 3. Click Upgrade Firmware. The page shown in Figure 6-28 will appear. Figure 6-29 To restore the Router’s configuration file: Figure 6-28 1. Go to the Help screen. Click the Backup & Restore Configuration link. 5.
Instant Broadband® Series EtherFast® Cable/DSL VPN Router with 4-Port 10/100 Switch Setting Up Filters • To set up a filter using IP addresses, enter the range of IP addresses you wish to filter into the IP address fields. Users who have filtered IP addresses will not be able to access the Internet at all. If you only want to filter one IP address instead of a range of IP addresses, enter the same value into both fields. For instance, if you wish to filter the PC with the IP address of 192.168.1.
Instant Broadband® Series Using IPSec Pass Through • This feature lets you use IPSec Pass Through. To use this feature, select Enable next to IPSec Pass Through, and then click the Apply button and Continue button. • To disable IPSec Pass Through, select Disable, and then click the Apply button and Continue button.
Instant Broadband® Series Using Port Triggering EtherFast® Cable/DSL VPN Router with 4-Port 10/100 Switch Dynamic Routing Figure 6-33 Figure 6-32 From the Forwarding screen, click the Port Triggering button to open the Port Triggering screen, shown in Figure 6-32. Port triggering allows the Router to watch outgoing data for specific port numbers.
Instant Broadband® Series EtherFast® Cable/DSL VPN Router with 4-Port 10/100 Switch 2. Enter the following data to create a new static route: Static Routing Destination LAN IP The Destination LAN IP is the address of the remote network or host to which you want to assign a static route. Enter the IP address of the host for which you wish to create a static route here. If you are building a route to an entire network, be sure that the network portion of the IP address is set to zero.
Instant Broadband® Series DMZ Host EtherFast® Cable/DSL VPN Router with 4-Port 10/100 Switch MAC Address Cloning Figure 6-35 Figure 6-36 From the DMZ Host screen, shown in Figure 6-35, you can allow one local user to be exposed to the Internet to use a special-purpose service such as Internet gaming or videoconferencing. From the MAC Address Clone screen, shown in Figure 6-36, you can change the Router’s WAN Mac Address.
Instant Broadband® Series Appendix A: Troubleshooting For Windows 2000: Common Problems and Solutions A. Click Start, Settings, and Control Panel. Double-click Network and Dial-Up Connections. B. Right-click the Local Area Connection that is associated with the Ethernet adapter you are using, and select the Properties option. C. In the Components checked are used by this connection box, highlight Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), and click the Properties button. Select Use the following IP address option. D.
Instant Broadband® Series For Windows XP: The following instructions assume you are running Windows XP with the default interface. If you are using the Classic interface (where the icons and menus look like previous Windows versions), please follow the instructions for Windows 2000. A. Click Start and Control Panel. B. Click the Network and Internet Connections icon and then the Network Connections icon. C.
Instant Broadband® Series C. In the command prompt, type ping 192.168.1.1 and press the Enter key. • If you get a reply, the computer is communicating with the Router. • If you do NOT get a reply, please check the cable, and make sure Obtain an IP address automatically is selected in the TCP/IP settings for your Ethernet adapter. D. In the command prompt, type ping followed by your WAN IP address and press the Enter key. The WAN IP Address can be found in the Router’s Web-based Utility.
Instant Broadband® Series Your VPN may require port 500/UDP packets to be passed to the computer that is connecting to the IPSec server. Refer to “Problem #7, I need to set up online game hosting or use other Internet applications” for details. Check the Linksys website for more information at www.linksys.com. 6. I need to set up a server behind my Router. To use a server like a web, ftp, or mail server, you need to know the respective port numbers they are using.
Instant Broadband® Series 8. I can’t get the Internet game, server, or application to work. If you are having difficulties getting any Internet game, server, or application to function properly, consider exposing one PC to the Internet using DeMilitarized Zone (DMZ) hosting. This option is available when an application requires too many ports or when you are not sure which port services to use.
Instant Broadband® Series 13. The firmware upgrade failed, and/or the Diag LED is flashing. The upgrade could have failed for a number of reasons. Follow these steps to upgrade the firmware and/or make the Diag LED stop flashing: A. If the firmware upgrade failed, use the TFTP program (it was downloaded along with the firmware). Open the pdf that was downloaded along with the firmware and TFTP program, and follow the pdf ’s instructions. B.
Instant Broadband® Series 17. The Diag LED stays lit continuously. The Diag LED lights up when the device is first powered up. Meantime, the system will boot up itself and check for proper operation. After finishing the checking procedure, the LED turns off to show that the system is working fine. If the LED remains lit after this time, the device is not working properly. Try to flash the firmware by assigning a static IP address to the computer, and then upgrade the firmware.
Instant Broadband® Series What is Network Address Translation and what is it used for? Network Address Translation (NAT) translates multiple IP addresses on the private LAN to one public address that is sent out to the Internet. This adds a level of security since the address of a PC connected to the private LAN is never transmitted on the Internet. Furthermore, NAT allows the Router to be used with low cost Internet accounts, such as DSL or cable modems, when only one TCP/IP address is provided by the ISP.
Instant Broadband® Series I am not able to access the Router’s Web-based Utility. What can I do? You may have to remove the proxy settings on your Internet browser, e.g., Netscape Navigator or Internet Explorer. Or remove the dial-up settings on your browser. Check with your browser documentation, and make sure that your browser is set to connect directly and that any dial-up is disabled. Make sure that your browser is set to connect directly and that any dial-up is disabled.
Instant Broadband® Series Appendix B: Maximizing VPN Security Just as you maximized your network security with a firewall router, you should also maximize security for your data with the VPN Router. IPSec is compatible with most VPN endpoints and ensures privacy and authentication for data, while authenticating user identification. With IPSec, authentication is based upon the PC's IP Address.
Instant Broadband® Series Appendix C: Configuring IPSec between a Windows 2000 or XP P C and the VPN Router EtherFast® Cable/DSL VPN Router with 4-Port 10/100 Switch Note: Keep a record of any changes you make. Those changes will be identical in the Windows “secpol” application and the Router’s WebBased Utility. Step One: Create an IPSec Policy 1. Click the Start button, select Run, and type secpol.msc in the Open field. The Local Security Setting screen will appear as shown in Figure C-1.
Instant Broadband® Series EtherFast® Cable/DSL VPN Router with 4-Port 10/100 Switch 3. The IP Filter List screen should appear, as shown in Figure C-4. Enter an appropriate name, such as win->router, for the filter list, and de-select the Use Add Wizard check box. Then, click the Add button. Step Two: Build Filter Lists Filter List 1: win->router Note: The references in this section to “win” are references to Windows 2000 and XP. 1.
Instant Broadband® Series 5. If you want to enter a description for your filter, click the Description tab and enter the description there. 6. Click the OK button. Then, click the OK (for Windows XP) or Close (for Windows 2000) button on the IP Filter List window. EtherFast® Cable/DSL VPN Router with 4-Port 10/100 Switch 8. The IP Filter List screen should appear, as shown in Figure C-7. Enter an appropriate name, such as router->win for the filter list, and de-select the Use Add Wizard check box.
Instant Broadband® Series 10. If you want to enter a description for your filter, click the Description tab and enter the description there. EtherFast® Cable/DSL VPN Router with 4-Port 10/100 Switch Step Three: Configure Individual Tunnel Rules Tunnel 1: win->router 11. Click the OK button and the New Rule Properties screen should appear with the IP Filer List tab selected, as shown in Figure C-9. There should now be a listing for “router -> win” and “win -> router”.
Instant Broadband® Series 3. From the Security Methods tab, shown in Figure C-12, verify that the Negotiate security option is enabled, and deselect the Accept unsecured communication, but always respond using IPSec check box. Select Session key Perfect Forward Secrecy, and click the OK button. EtherFast® Cable/DSL VPN Router with 4-Port 10/100 Switch 5.
Instant Broadband® Series 7. Select the Tunnel Setting tab, shown in Figure C-16, and click The tunnel endpoint is specified by this IP Address radio button. Then, enter the Router’s WAN IP Address. EtherFast® Cable/DSL VPN Router with 4-Port 10/100 Switch Tunnel 2: router->win 9. In the new policy’s properties screen, shown in Figure C-18, make sure that “win -> router” is select and deselect the Use Add Wizard check box. Then, click the Add button to create the second IP filter.
Instant Broadband® Series 11. Click the Filter Action tab, and select the filter action Require Security, as shown in Figure C-20. Then, click the Edit button. EtherFast® Cable/DSL VPN Router with 4-Port 10/100 Switch 13. Change the authentication method to Use this string to protect the key exchange (preshared key), and enter the preshared key string, such as XYZ12345, as shown in Figure C22. (This is a sample key string. Yours should be a key that is unique but easy to remember.
Instant Broadband® Series 15. From the Tunnel Setting tab, shown in Figure C-24, click the radio button for The tunnel endpoint is specified by this IP Address, and enter the Windows 2000/XP computer’s IP Address. EtherFast® Cable/DSL VPN Router with 4-Port 10/100 Switch 17. From the Rules tab, shown in Figure C26, click the OK button to return to the secpol screen. Figure C-24 Step Four: Assign New IPSec Policy 16. Click the Connection Type tab, shown in Figure C-25, and select All network connections.
Instant Broadband® Series Step Five: Create a Tunnel Through the Web-Based Utility Note: Further details on this step can be found in the VPN Tab section in “Chapter 6: The Cable/DSL VPN Router’s Web-Based Utility”. 1. Open your web browser, and enter 192.168.1.1 in the Address field. Press the Enter key. 2. When the User name and Password field appears, skip the user name and enter the default password admin. Press the Enter key. EtherFast® Cable/DSL VPN Router with 4-Port 10/100 Switch 8. Select IP Addr.
Instant Broadband® Series Appendix D: SNMP Functions SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) is a widely-used network monitoring and control protocol. Data is passed from a SNMP agent, such as the VPN Router, to the workstation console used to oversee the network. The Router then returns information contained in a MIB (Management Information Base), which is a data structure that defines what is obtainable from the device and what can be controlled (turned off, on, etc.).
Instant Broadband® Series EtherFast® Cable/DSL VPN Router with 4-Port 10/100 Switch Step One: Pinging for an IP Address Step Two: Pinging for a Web Address The first step to determining your ISP’s web and e-mail server address is to ping its IP Address. While the IP address returned above would work as your e-mail server address, it may not be permanent. IP Addresses change all the time. Web addresses, however, usually don’t.
Instant Broadband® Series Appendix F: Installing the TCP/ I P Protocol the TCP/IP Protocol EtherFast® Cable/DSL VPN Router with 4-Port 10/100 Switch 6. Find and double-click TCP/IP in the list to the right in Figure F-2. Follow these instructions to install the TCP/IP Protocol on one of your PCs only after a network card has been successfully installed inside the PC. These instructions are for Windows 95, 98, and Millennium.
Instant Broadband® Series Appendix G: Finding the MAC Address and IP Address for Your Ethernet Adapter EtherFast® Cable/DSL VPN Router with 4-Port 10/100 Switch 3. Write down the Adapter Address as shown on your computer screen (see Figure G-3). This is the MAC address for your Ethernet adapter and will be shown as a series of numbers and letters. The MAC address/Adapter Address is what you will use for MAC Address Cloning or MAC Filtering.
Instant Broadband® Series 2. In the command prompt, enter ipconfig /all. Then press the Enter key. EtherFast® Cable/DSL VPN Router with 4-Port 10/100 Switch When entering the information using the Router’s Web-based Utility, you will type the 12-digit MAC address in this format, XXXXXXXXXXXX without the hyphens for MAC Filtering. See Figure G-6. Figure G-5 Figure G-6 3. Write down the Physical Address as shown on your computer screen; it is the MAC address for your Ethernet adapter.
Instant Broadband® Series Appendix H: Glossary 3DES - 3DES is a variation on DES that uses a 168-bit key. Adapter - Printed circuit board that plugs into a PC to add to capabilities or connectivity to a PC. In a networked environment, a network interface card is the typical adapter that allows the PC or server to connect to the intranet and/or Internet. AppleTalk - An Apple Computer networking system that supports Apple's proprietary local talk.
Instant Broadband® Series DHCP supports static addresses for computers containing Web servers that need a permanent IP address. DMZ (Demilitarized Zone) - Allows one IP address (or computer) to be exposed to the Internet. Some applications require multiple TCP/IP ports to be open. You should set your computer with a static IP address if you want to use DMZ Hosting. DNS - The domain name system (DNS) is the way that Internet domain name are located and translated into Internet Protocol (IP) addresses.
Instant Broadband® Series tinguish the "box" and the electronic circuitry and components of a computer from the program you put in it to make it do things. The program came to be known as the software. Hop - The link between two network nodes. HTTP (HyperText Transport Protocol) - The communications protocol used to connect to servers on the World Wide Web. Its primary function is to establish a connection with a Web server and transmit HTML pages to the client browser.
Instant Broadband® Series NAT (Network Address Translation) - The translation of an Internet Protocol address (IP address) used within one network to a different IP address known within another network. One network is designated the inside network and the other is the outside. NetBIOS - The native networking protocol in DOS and Windows networks.
Instant Broadband® Series Router - Protocol-dependent device that connects subnetworks together. Routers are useful in breaking down a very large network into smaller subnetworks; they introduce longer delays and typically have much lower throughput rates than bridges. Security Association - A group of security settings related to a specific VPN tunnel. Server - Any computer whose function in a network is to provide user access to files, printing, communications, and other services.
Instant Broadband® Series the actual delivery of the data (routing), UDP takes care of keeping track of the individual units of data (called packets) that a message is divided into for efficient delivery over the network. UDP is known as a "connection-less" protocol due to NOT requiring the receiver of a packet to return an acknowledgment of receipt to the sender of the packet (as opposed to TCP). Upgrade - To replace existing software or firmware with a newer version.
Instant Broadband® Series Appendix J: Warranty Information BE SURE TO HAVE YOUR PROOF OF PURCHASE AND A BARCODE FROM THE PRODUCT’S PACKAGING ON HAND WHEN CALLING. RETURN REQUESTS CANNOT BE PROCESSED WITHOUT PROOF OF PURCHASE. IN NO EVENT SHALL LINKSYS’ LIABILITY EXCEED THE PRICE PAID FOR THE PRODUCT FROM DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THE PRODUCT, ITS ACCOMPANYING SOFTWARE, OR ITS DOCUMENTATION. LINKSYS DOES NOT OFFER REFUNDS FOR ANY PRODUCT.
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