HN 210D/X – HN214D/X RS-232 Serial Modbus Radio User’s Guide
Important Regulatory Information Cirronet Product FCC ID: HSW-2410 IC 4492A-2410 Note: This unit has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment.
Declaration of Conformity Warning! The RLAN transceiver within this device uses a band of frequencies that are not completely harmonized within the European Community. Before using, please read the European Operation Section of the Products User’s Guide for limitations. 0889 is the identification number of RADIO FREQUENCY INVESTIGATION LTD - Ewhurst Park, Ramsdell RG26 5RQ Basingstoke, United Kingdom – the Notified Body having performed part or all of the conformity assessment on the product.
WARNING!! ≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡≡ For our Customers who wish to use this product in hazardous locations. The HN-210D, HN-210DX, HN-214D and HN-214DX radios have been tested by Underwriters Laboratories Inc. for use in Class I, Division 2, Groups A, B, C, and D Hazardous Locations as specified in UL1604 and UL/C-UL/Zones(UL2279). Such areas may have Explosive Gases. To install these radios in this environment the following steps must be implemented.
Table of Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................. 1 HopNet Benefits ........................................................................................................... 1 Operating Frequency ............................................................................................... 1 HopNet Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum Advantages .................................... 1 HopNet Data Integrity........
Troubleshooting ............................................................................................................ 49 Overview .................................................................................................................... 49 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 49 Transceiver Requirements .....................................................................................
HopNet RS-232 Serial ModBus Radio Introduction The HopNet family of products provides reliable wireless connectivity for either point-to-point or point-to-multipoint applications. HopNet products are built around the WIT2410 radio transceiver, which employs frequency hopping spread spectrum technology.
HopNet RS-232 Serial ModBus Radio Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum reduces the vulnerability of a radio system to interference from jammers and multipath fading by distributing or spreading the signal over a larger region of the frequency band. The fade resistant, HopNet frequency-hopping technology employs up to 75 channels and switches channels over 100 times a second to achieve high reliability throughput.
HopNet RS-232 Serial ModBus Radio Advanced Features HopNet modems have many advanced features: • Employ frequency hopping technology with up to 75 channels in the 2401 to 2475 MHz frequency range • Support digital addressing for up to 64 networks, with 62 remotes per network.
HopNet RS-232 Serial ModBus Radio Getting Started A pair of HopNet radios are set up by performing the following steps: • Install the HopNet Wizard configuration program on a PC • Connect the HopNet radio to the PC • Set one HopNet radio as a base radio • Run a communications test These steps are described in detail below.
HopNet RS-232 Serial ModBus Radio Connect the other end of the serial cable to the DIN rail serial adapter box. Connect the end of the cable (RJ-45 connector) from the HopNet radio to the DIN rail serial adapter box. NOTE: Make sure the RUN/CONFIG switch is in the CONFIG position. Connect power to the HopNet radio by plugging one end of the wall-mount power supply into the serial adapter box and the other end into a wall outlet.
HopNet RS-232 Serial ModBus Radio Click on the Continue button to bring up the next screen. The program will read and display the current settings of the HopNet radio. The HopNet radio is shipped from the factory as a remote. The Remote button on the Wizard screen will appear depressed indicating the HopNet radio is a remote. NOTE: The S/N displayed in the bottom left corner is the serial number of the radio inside the unit and is different from the serial number of the HopNet unit.
HopNet RS-232 Serial ModBus Radio The Apply Settings button will appear at the bottom of the HopNet Configuration Wizard screen. Click on the Apply Settings button to set the HopNet radio as the base. Run a communications test. To run a communications test, connect one HopNet radio set as a base to one PC running the Wizard and another HopNet radio set as a remote to another PC running the Wizard.
HopNet RS-232 Serial ModBus Radio The Serial Adapter Box The HopNet radio remotes interface with the user’s hardware through a serial adapter box. The interface adapter supplies power and signal to the remote unit. The interface to the remote unit is a RS-232 male DB-9 serial interface. To have all functions of the HopNet radio available, including configuration and hardware flow control, the eight signal lines must be connected.
HopNet RS-232 Serial ModBus Radio Remote Pin-Out, RS-232 Pin Number Signal Type Description 1 DCD Output Data Carrier Detect. For remotes, DCD indicates that the remote has successfully acquired the hopping pattern. 2 RXD (CONFIG) Output Output for Received Serial data. 2 TXD (RUN) Input Input Serial Data to be transmitted 3 TXD (CONFIG) Input Input Serial Data to be transmitted 3 RXD (RUN) Output Output for Received Serial data. 4 DTR Input Data Terminal Ready.
HopNet RS-232 Serial ModBus Radio Guidelines for Installation When installing your system, always consider the following points: Directional antennas are best for remote unit sites. They may increase the cost, but they confine the transmission path to a narrow lobe and minimize the interference from nearby stations. For systems with constant interference present, you may need to change the polarity of the antenna system and reduce data streams.
HopNet RS-232 Serial ModBus Radio Configuring the Network You can configure the HopNet network using a PC and the HopNet Configuration Wizard software provided by Cirronet, Inc. The Wizard runs under Windows 98/NT/2000/XP. This chapter provides the information you need to configure your network. HopNet Configuration Wizard (5.0 or later) If you haven’t already installed the Wizard program, refer to the Getting Started section of this manual for instructions.
HopNet RS-232 Serial ModBus Radio NOTE: The S/N displayed in the bottom left corner is the serial number of the radio inside the unit and is different from the serial number of the HopNet unit. Both the HopNet unit serial number and the radio serial number are on the radio unit of the HopNet product. The Wizard will also prompt to save the configuration settings to a file.
HopNet RS-232 Serial ModBus Radio -40dBm=125 -95dBm=55 When the Wizard program is opened, it reads the parameters of the HopNet radio connected to the PC. These initial parameters are stored by the Wizard until the program is closed. This function allows the initial parameters to be loaded into any HopNet radio that is connected to the PC. Clicking on the Recover button displays the settings stored when the Wizard was first opened but will not load them in the radio until the Apply Settings is clicked.
HopNet RS-232 Serial ModBus Radio Depending on whether HopNet radio is configured as a Remote or Base when first connected, the heading on the Parameters page will display either “Remote Parameters” or “Base Parameters.” If the radio has a Modbus adapter, Transparent, Modbus and DNP3 selections will appear above the Point-Point-Multipoint selection as shown below. Modbus mode is selected to prevent Modbus errors from occurring due to intercharacter gaps that are too long.
HopNet RS-232 Serial ModBus Radio Lockout Key This parameter is the same as wl and allows further network segregation beyond the network number. This feature allows multiple co-located networks in which global roaming is enabled. By using different lockout keys, the bases to which remotes link can be limited or segregated. Serial Port Settings This parameter is the same as qs and is only available on radios with Modbus adapters.
HopNet RS-232 Serial ModBus Radio When the radio is linked to another radio, a communications test can be run by clicking on the Send Data button (shown below) on both radios. The remote radio’s Transmit Data window (above left) will display the message, “This is a test message from the Base radio”, which will repeat until the Stop button is pressed (on the base radio’s HN Wizard main screen).
HopNet RS-232 Serial ModBus Radio Network Tab Clicking on the Network tab will bring up a second configuration screen.
HopNet RS-232 Serial ModBus Radio NOTE: The Transmit Delay is specified as a number of hop durations and thus will be an integer multiple of the Hop Duration. The Maximum Base Packet can only be set in radios set as a base. If the radio is a remote, this value cannot be changed. Maximum Base Packet (base station only) This is the pw command and sets the amount of time allocated for transmission on each hop for the base station time slot in 4-byte increments.
HopNet RS-232 Serial ModBus Radio Set Hop Duration This is the ph command and it sets the length of time the transceiver spends on each frequency channel. A smaller value will allow the remote to lock on to the base signal faster at system startup, and will generally decrease packet latency. A larger value increases network capacity, due to decreased overhead in channel switching. This Set Hop Duration value only needs to be set in the base which broadcasts the parameter to all remotes.
HopNet RS-232 Serial ModBus Radio Protocol Tab The Protocol tab brings up the configuration screen above. On the next page are descriptions of the commands/parameters that are available for modification.
HopNet RS-232 Serial ModBus Radio Set the Frequency Operating Range (pe) by clicking on the drop-down menu and making a selection. ¹ Set Radio Power Setting (wp) up by clicking on a selection. ² Note: This list will change depending on which radio is being used. Select the Distance from Base (dx) drop down and make a selection. Set Maximum Number of Remotes (pn) from1 to 62. Set Redundant Transmit (px) by selecting either ARQ enabled or ARQ disabled.
HopNet RS-232 Serial ModBus Radio RF Tools Clicking on the RF Tools tab brings up a screen that allows the receive signal strength to be monitored and the link quality to be observed. Range Optimization may be grayed out on certain radios. NOTE: RF Tools only work on HopNet radios operating as remote radios. The radio must be linked with its base radio for the functions on this screen to work.
HopNet RS-232 Serial ModBus Radio Click on OK and the Select Connect Range screen will appear. Click on the estimated distance between radios and click OK. A bar will appear showing the progress of Range Optimization. Once the process has completed, the Range Optimization radio button will clear and the Done radio button will fill in indicating that adjustment factor has been applied.
HopNet RS-232 Serial ModBus Radio Receive and Bi-Directional Transmissions The Receive Only function displays the percentage success rate for receiving transmissions from the base. This is an indication of how well the remote HopNet radio “hears” the base. The Bi-Directional function provides a round-trip success rate. That is, the base must successfully receive data from the remote and the remote must successfully receive data from the base.
HopNet RS-232 Serial ModBus Radio The bars will change color depending on the level of the signal received. The points at which they change color have been set in the .INI file, default setting for RSSIMarginal is -60 whereas the default setting for RSSIPoor is -80. Therefore any bars rising above the -60 level will display green. Conversely, any bars falling below -80 will display red. Bars at levels between these two points will display yellow. These points can be modified by editing the INIT.INI file.
HopNet RS-232 Serial ModBus Radio WinCom Window Normally, the WinCom Window is not displayed and no tab will appear to the right of the RF Tools tab. To display the WinCom tab, place the cursor in any hot field and press the CTRL+F10 key. Clicking on the WinCom tab will display the following screen. When first initialized, WinCom will automatically put the radio in Config Mode and two prompts will display as shown above.
HopNet RS-232 Serial ModBus Radio NOTE: If the banner does not display, check the Banner Display Disable command (zb0) which may have been enabled. The COM port and baud rate can be changed using the drop down menus on the bottom right. All the available COM ports will be listed in the menu but will have OK or N/A designated. If another program that uses a COM port is open, that COM port will not be available for use by WinCOM.
HopNet RS-232 Serial ModBus Radio If an invalid command or value is entered, the radio will respond with “Error” as shown above Until the command to save the parameters (m>) is issued, the new parameters will only be valid until power is cycled or DTR is toggled by pressing the F1 key twice. New parameter values that have been issued are saved to non-volatile memory using the “m>” command. Refer to the Memory Commands section for details on this and other helpful memory commands.
HopNet RS-232 Serial ModBus Radio The Clear Screen button deletes all the text in the display window. The Clear CTS and Clear DCD buttons reset the respective changes counters to zero. Function Keys All of the function key shortcuts are described below: F1 Toggles state of DTR (Sleep). State is shown in status line. F2 Toggles state of RTS. State is shown in status line. F3 Transmits “:wit2400”. Used to enter control mode. F5 Toggles local echo.
HopNet RS-232 Serial ModBus Radio Restart The Restart button on the Wizard causes the program to start the radio search and parameter load process again without shutting the program down. This is particularly useful when USB-to-RS-232 adapters are used that prevent the Wizard from detecting that a radio has been disconnected from the computer running the Wizard.
HopNet RS-232 Serial ModBus Radio message. If a reply is required, the controller will construct the reply message and send it using Modbus protocol. This conversion also extends to resolving node addresses, routing paths, and error– checking methods specific to each kind of network. For example, Modbus device addresses contained in the Modbus protocol will be converted into node addresses prior to transmission of the messages.
HopNet RS-232 Serial ModBus Radio command or reply then verifies the BCC or CRC and returns an ACK—if the BCC or CRC is acceptable—or an NAK—if the BCC or CRC does not check. The DF1 protocol also will indicate failure with an error code. Internally, the link protocol must delimit messages, detect and signal errors, retry after errors, and control message flow. Modbus Operation The Modbus protocol requires the gaps between bytes of data in the same packet or message be within a specific limit.
HopNet RS-232 Serial ModBus Radio entire packet to come in prior to transmission start using qd, the Maximum Transmit Delay (or Maximum Encapsulation Delay Command. (see Modbus Adapter Commands) However, the downside result is higher latency. Still, this may be desirable in situations where data integrity is paramount and higher latency can be tolerated. Automatic Addressing When in Modbus mode, the HopNet radios learn the address of the Modbus device to which they are connected.
HopNet RS-232 Serial ModBus Radio European Union Operation When operating this product in the European Union, it is necessary to set the transmit power to the low or EU setting. This can be done through the Wizard on the Protocol tab or through the WinCom tab using the wp0 command. When used in France, this product must be set to operate in the France frequency band. This can be set using the Wizard on the Protocol tab or through the WinCom tab using the pe5 command.
HopNet RS-232 Serial ModBus Radio Configuration Commands The HopNet radio has a wide selection of configuration parameters that can be modified using one or more of the configuration commands. The commands can be grouped into five categories based on what they do. The five sections are: • Serial Interface Commands • Network Commands • Protocol Commands • Status Commands • Memory Commands Each command is described in detail below.
HopNet RS-232 Serial ModBus Radio Serial Commands These commands affect the serial interface between the modem and the host. The default settings are 9600 bps and protocol mode 0.
HopNet RS-232 Serial ModBus Radio Set Protocol Mode Enables the base station to operate in a multipoint network. Depending on the user application, more or less acknowledgment may be desired by the application. Remotes can operate in transparent mode even though the base station is operating in one of the nontransparent modes. When using a protocol mode, make sure to count in packet overhead when calculating network performance. Refer to the section on Protocol Modes for details on each format.
HopNet RS-232 Serial ModBus Radio Network Commands Network commands are used to set up a HopNet network and to set radio addressing and configuration.
HopNet RS-232 Serial ModBus Radio Enable Global Network Mode For networks with multiple base stations, remotes are ordinarily only able to link to one base station, set by the hopping pattern. Mode 1 enables the global mode that allows remotes to link to any base station they can hear, acquiring whatever hop pattern is required. In this mode a remote can only change base stations once it is no longer registered with a base station.
HopNet RS-232 Serial ModBus Radio Set Range Optimization This command applies an adjustment factor to the over-the-air timing of remotes to compensate for the effects of propagation delay at long ranges. The default setting of 00H is suitable for ranges of 0 to 0.8 miles (1287 m), with optimal performance at 0.1 miles (162m). Each increment of this parameter adds 0.1 miles (162 m) to the working range. Thus the optimal and max ranges are determined by: optimal = 0.1mi + 0.1mi x dx = 0.17km + 0.
HopNet RS-232 Serial ModBus Radio Protocol Commands These commands can be used to tune the transceiver for optimum transmission of data across the RF link. For most applications, the default values are adequate. Command Description pe[?|0-9] Set Alternative Frequency Band 0 = FCC/ETSI operation.
HopNet RS-232 Serial ModBus Radio Set Alternative Frequency Band When set to 1, limits the operating RF channel set to the 2448 to 2473MHz frequency band for compliance with French regulatory standards. When set to 2, sets appropriate operation for Spain. When set to 3, sets appropriate operation for Japan. This setting should be set to 0, for FCC-compliant operation in the US (this is the default). For Canadian operation, set this parameter to 4.
HopNet RS-232 Serial ModBus Radio Set Maximum Number of Remotes (base only) This parameter limits the number of remotes that can register with a given base. The default is 62 remotes which is the maximum number of remotes that can be registered with a base at one time. This command is useful when used in conjunction with global roaming for load balancing when base stations are collocated. It is also useful to assure a minimum remote throughput.
HopNet RS-232 Serial ModBus Radio Set ARQ Mode This command sets ARQ mode when set to 0 which is the default. In this mode the radio will resend an unsuccessful transmission until either successful or packet attempt limit attempts have been made. When set to 1 selects redundant transmit mode that will send every transmission packet attempt limit times regardless of success or failure of any given attempt.
HopNet RS-232 Serial ModBus Radio Set Escape Sequence Mode Enables or disables the ability to use the in-data-stream escape sequence method of accessing Control Mode by transmitting the string ":wit2410". When this mode is set to 1, the escape sequence only works immediately after reset (this is the default). When set to 2, the escape sequence may be used at any time in the data stream when preceded by a pause of 20 ms.
HopNet RS-232 Serial ModBus Radio Memory Commands The user is able to store a configuration in nonvolatile memory, which is loaded during the initialization period every time the radio is powered up. Note that changes to the serial port baud rate- from recalling the factory defaults or recalling memory will not take effect until DTR is toggled or power to the radio is cycled.
HopNet RS-232 Serial ModBus Radio Adapter Commands The following commands are available via WinCom24. Command Description qp[?|0|1|2] Protocol Mode 0 = Transparent mode. Non-Modbus mode 1 = Modbus mode. Supports encapsulation of data to ensure continuous send-out on receiver side. Also supports the learning of Modbus addresses. 2 = Encapsulation mode. Encapsulates the incoming data and uses QD to protect the data from gaps, but does not perform the Modbus addressing.
HopNet RS-232 Serial ModBus Radio Modem Command Summary Serial Commands Set Data Rate Divisor Set Protocol Mode sd[?|00..ff] sp[?|00..14] Network Commands Set Transceiver Mode Set Default Handle Set Hopping Pattern Enable Global Network Modes Set Transmit Power Read Receive Signal Strength (remote only) Set Point-to-Point Direct Mode Set Range Optimization (remote only) wb[?|0|1] wd[?|0..3f] wn[?|00..3f] wg[?|0|1] wp[?|0|1] wr? wu[?|0|1] dx[?|0..
HopNet RS-232 Serial ModBus Radio Troubleshooting Overview Introduction Troubleshooting the HopNet products is not difficult, but it does require a logical approach. It is best to begin troubleshooting at the base station because the rest of the system synchronizes to it. If the base station has problems, the entire network will be compromised.
HopNet RS-232 Serial ModBus Radio Common System Problems The following table offers suggestions for resolving some common system problems that the operator may experience from the radio system. If problems persist, contact the factory for further assistance. Problem System Checks Unit is inoperative 1. Check for proper DC voltage at the power connector. 2. Momentarily remove and reapply power. No Carrier Detect at remote units or intermittent 1.
HopNet RS-232 Serial ModBus Radio Guidelines for Reducing Interference Introduction The transceivers share the same frequency spectrum with other services and other Part 15 devices in the US. Because of this, you may not achieve 100 percent error free communications in a given location. You should also expect some level of interference.
HopNet RS-232 Serial ModBus Radio Guidelines for Avoiding Terrain Obstructions The HopNet transceivers operate in the 2.4 GHz frequency band. While this band offers many advantages over the VHF band for data transmission, it is also more prone to signal attenuation from obstructions such as terrain, foliage, buildings and anything else in the transmission path.
HopNet RS-232 Serial ModBus Radio Customer Support Introduction Cirronet, Inc. products are designed for long life and trouble free operation. The following information is provided if servicing becomes necessary. Technical Assistance Technical assistance for Cirronet products is available during the hours of 9:00 A.M – 5:30 P.M. Eastern Standard Time. When calling, please have available the complete model name, serial number, and a complete description of the problem.
HopNet RS-232 Serial ModBus Radio Technical Specifications Refer to the tables below for the technical specifications for the HopNet radio Remotes. Electrical Specification Value Transmitter FCC ID HSW-2410M Transmit Power EIRP: +24 dBm Nominal (HN-21xD); +14dBm EU mode; +18 dBm (HN-21xDX); +8dBm EU mode Hopping Patterns User configurable, 64 patterns (networks) available Number of Channels 75 US; 25 France Line-of-Sight Range Greater than 3.
HopNet RS-232 Serial ModBus Radio Mechanical Specification Value Case NEMA 4X, IP 66 Size 5.1 in. x 3.1 in. x 1.4 in. 130mm x 80mm x 35mm Weight 1.
HopNet RS-232 Serial ModBus Radio Glossary of Terms Refer to the following list of terms that may be unfamiliar to you. These terms are used throughout this document. Term Definition ARQ Automatic Repeat Request. The operation in which the radio will re-send the data until it is received correctly. asynchronous A form of communications that uses a start bit at the beginning of each data word and a stop bit at the end of each data word.
HopNet RS-232 Serial ModBus Radio ISM Industrial, Scientific, or Medical band operating at 2.4 GHz. Allows use of a radio without a license, but the equipment must be immune to interference from other users in the band and approved for use in the intended country. Latency The delay between when data is received on TX until it is output on RX. protocol A system of rules that controls the operation of a communications system and facilitates the orderly transfer of information.
HopNet RS-232 Serial ModBus Radio Warranty Seller warrants solely to Buyer that the goods delivered hereunder shall be free from defects in materials and workmanship, when given normal, proper and intended usage, for twelve (12) months from the date of delivery to Buyer. Seller agrees to repair or replace at its option and without cost to Buyer all defective goods sold hereunder, provided that Buyer has given Seller written notice of such warranty claim within such warranty period.
