THREE-PHASE ELECTRICAL N E T W O R K S A N A LY S E R ENGLISH User’s manual C.A 8331 C.
Thank you for purchasing a C.A 8331 or C.A 8333 three-phase electrical networks analyser (Qualistar+). To obtain the best service from your unit: read these operating instructions carefully, comply with the precautions for use. WARNING, risk of DANGER! The operator must refer to these instructions whenever this danger symbol appears. Equipment protected by double insulation. Kensington anti-theft system. Earth. USB socket.
CONTENTS 10. POWER AND ENERGY MODE....................................60 10.1. 3L filter................................................................60 10.2. Filters L1, L2 and L3...........................................61 10.3. Filter Σ ................................................................62 10.4. Starting energy metering....................................63 10.5. Disconnection of energy metering......................64 10.6. Reset of energy metering...................................
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1.2. CHARGING THE BATTERY Install the battery in the device (see quick start guide or § 17.3). Before the first use, start by fully charging the battery. 120 V ± 10 %, 60 Hz 230 V ± 10 %, 50 Hz Remove the cover from the receptacle and connect the plug of the specific power supply unit to the device. Connect the mains cord to the power supply unit and to mains. C.A 8333 POWER & QUALITY ANALYSER The button lights; it will go out only when the plug is disconnected.
2. DESCRIPTION OF THE DEVICE 2.1. FUNCTIONS The C.A. 8331 or the C.A 8333 (Qualistar+) is a three-phase network analyzer with colour graphic display and built-in rechargeable battery. It plays three roles, and can be used: to measure the RMS values, powers, and perturbations of electric distribution networks. to deliver a snapshot of the principal characteristics of a three-phase network to track the variations of various parameters over time.
2.1.2. DISPLAY FUNCTIONS Display of waveforms (voltages and currents). Display of frequency bar chart (voltages and currents) (excluding neutral current). Screen captures (12 maximum). Transients function (for the C.A. 8333 only). Detection and recording of transients (up to 51) between user-defined start and stop dates and times. Recording of 4 complete cycles (one before the triggering event and three after) in the 6 acquisition channels. Trend recording (data logging) function.
2.2. OVERALL VIEW Measurement connection terminals (see §2.6.1) C.A 8333 POWER & QUALITY ANALYSER Display (see §2.4) USB socket (see §2.6.2) Function keys (yellow keys) (see §2.5.1) Connector for the mains power unit/battery charger (see §2.6.2) Return /previous key (see §2.5.2) Configuration key (see §2.5.4) Confirm/Enter key (see §2.5.2) Navigation keys (see §2.5.2) Screen snapshot key (see §2.5.4) Mode keys (violet keys) (see §2.5.3) Help key (see §2.5.4) On/Off switch (see §2.
2.4. DISPLAY 2.4.1. PRESENTATION The backlit 320x240 (1/4 VGA) pixel graphic TFT displays all measurements with their curves, the parameters of the unit, the curves selected, the instantaneous values of the signals, and the type of measurement selected. When the device is powered up, it automatically displays the Waveform screen. Information about this screen can be found in §7. Battery charge level. Reminder of the mode. Current date and time. Frequency calculated over one second. Active mode screen.
Icons Designation Icons Designation Transient mode (for the C.A. 8333 only). Page screen 1 of the help function. Display of Fresnel diagram of the signals. Page screen 2 of the help function. >t=0< Move cursor to transient triggering time (for the C.A. 8333 only). Page screen 3 of the help function. >t=-T< Move the cursor to one signal period before the triggering date of the transient (for the C.A. 8333 only). Page screen 4 of the help function. Previous configuration. Next configuration.
cators of saturation: the ground of the circle is coloured when the channel measured is potentially full . When the identification disc corresponds to a simulated channel (for example in 3-wire three-phase with selection A1A2, 2-element method; see connections in §4.6), this channel is potentially full if at least one channel used in calculating it is potentially full.
2.7. POWER SUPPLY The battery icon in the top right corner of the screen shows the battery level. The number of bars is proportional to the charge level. Battery charged. Low battery. Mobile bars: battery charging. A red bar: the condition of the battery is unknown because it has never been fully charged. The device is connected to mains without the battery. When the battery level is too low, the following message is displayed: Press to confirm the information.
Meanings of the symbols and abbreviations used: Symbol Designation Symbol AC and DC components. tan F Tangent of the phase shift of voltage with respect to current. THD Total harmonic distortion (in %f or for the C.A 8333 only in %r). AC component only. DC component only. Inductive phase shift. Designation U Phase-to-Phase voltage. Capacitive phase shift. U-h Phase-to-phase voltage harmonic. Degree. Ucf Phase-to-Phase voltage crest factor. -.+ Expert mode.
3. USE 3.1. START-UP To switch the device on, press the the device. button. It lights when pressed, then goes off if the mains power unit is not connected to After the software check, the home page is displayed, then the information screen that indicates the software version of the device and its serial number. Figure 7: Home page at start-up Then the Waveform screen is displayed. Figure 8: Waveform screen 3.2. CONFIGURATION To configure the device, proceed as follows: Press .
The following points must be checked or adapted for each measurement: Define the parameters of the calculation methods (see §4.5). Select the distribution system (single-phase to four-wire three-phase) and the connection method (2 wattmeters, standard) (see §4.6). Program the current ratios according to the type of current sensor connected (see §4.7). Program the voltage ratios (see §4.7). Define the triggering levels (transients mode) (see §4.8) (for the C.A. 8333 only).
To make a measurement, you must program at least: the calculation method (see §4.5), the connection (see §4.6) and the ratios of the sensors (see §4.7). The measuring leads must be connected to the circuit to be measured as shown by the following diagrams. 3.3.1. SINGLE-PHASE NETWORK Figure 12: 2-wire single-phase connection 3.3.2. SPLIT-PHASE NETWORK Figure 13: 3-wire split-phase connection 3.3.3.
3.3.4. CONNECTION PROCEDURE Switch the instrument on. Configure the device for the measurement to be made and the type of network concerned (see §4), Connect the leads and current sensors to the unit. Connect the neutral lead to the network neutral, when it is distributed, Connect the L1 phase lead to the network L1 phase and connect the corresponding current sensor. If applicable, repeat the procedure for phases L2 and L3.
4. CONFIGURATION The Configuration key is used to configure the device. This must be done before each new type of measurement. The configuration remains in memory, even after the device is switched off. 4.1. CONFIGURATION MENU The arrow keys (,, , ) are used to navigate in the Configuration menu and to parameterize the device. A value that can be modified is flanked by arrows. Most of the time, confirmation ( ) is necessary for the changes made by the user to be applied.
4.4. DISPLAY 4.4.1. BRIGHTNESS The menu is used to define the brightness of the display unit. The display is as follows: Figure 18: The Contrast/Brightness menu Use the keys (, ) to change the brightness. To return to the Configuration menu, press . 4.4.2. COLOURS The menu is used to define the colours of the voltage and current curves. Press the yellow key corresponding to the icon.
The Automatic mode is used to save the battery. The display screen is switched off automatically after five minutes without action on the keys if the device is powered only by its battery and if recording is in progress and after ten minutes if no recording is in progress. The On/Off button blinks to indicate that the device is still in operation. Pressing any key on the keypad relights the screen. To return to the Configuration menu, press . 4.4.4. NIGHT MODE The menu is used to change to night mode.
4.5.2. CHOICE OF COEFFICIENTS OF CALCULATION OF THE K FACTOR The FK menu defines the coefficients used for the calculation of the K factor. Figure 23: The Choice of coefficients of calculation of the K factor menu Use the arrow keys (,, , ) to fix the value of coefficients q and e: q: exponential constant that depends on the type of winding and the frequency. The value of q can range from 1.5 to 1.7. The value of 1.
4.6. CONNECTION The menu is used to define how the device is connected, according to distribution system. Figure 25: The Connection menu Several electrical diagrams can be selected: Use the arrow keys (,, , ) to choose a connection. One or more types of network correspond to each distribution system.
Distribution system Source L3 3-phase star 3-wire L1 L2 L3 3-phase 3-wire (L1, L2 and L3 3-phase delta 3-wire L1 L2 L3 Indicate which current sensors will be connected: all 3 (3A) or only 2 (A1 and A2, or A2 and A3, or A3 and A1). 3-phase open delta 3-wire L1 L2 L3 Three-wattmeter method with virtual neutral (with 3 sensors connected) or two-wattmeter 3-phase open delta 3-wire earthed junction of phases method or two-element method or Aron method (with 2 sensors connected).
Distribution system Source L3 N 3-phase star 4-wire non-earthed neutral L1 L2 3-phase 4-wire (L1, L2, L3 and N) L3 3-phase open high leg delta 4-wire non-earthed neutral L1 N L2 L3 3-phase high leg delta 4-wire non-earthed neutral L1 N L2 Then validate with the key . The device returns to the Configuration menu. This makes it possible to connect the device to all existing networks.
In the case of a 4-wire three-phase set-up, the neutral current sensor is simulated if the 3 phase sensors are identical. The various current sensors are: MN93 clamp: 200 A. MN93A clamp: 100 A or 5 A. C193 clamp: 1000 A. J93 clamp : 3500 A. AmpFLEX™ A193: 100, 6500 or 10000 A. MiniFLEX MA193: 100, 6500 or 10000 6500 A. PAC93 clamp: 1000 A. E3N clamp: 100 A (sensitivity 10 mV/A). E3N clamp: 10 A (sensitivity 100 mV/A). Three phase adapter: 5 A or Essailec®.
U1+U2+U3 or V1+V2+V3: each channel has a different ratio, to be programmed. Proceed as when there is only one ratio, but perform the operation several times. Validate with the key. To return to the Configuration menu, press . Note: the primary and secondary voltages can each be configured with a multiplier factor of 1/√3. 4.8. TRANSIENT MODE (FOR THE C.A 8333 ONLY) The mode is used to configure the voltage thresholds and the current thresholds of the transient mode. 4.8.1.
Figure 30: The Voltage thresholds screen in the Transient Mode menu To change the current thresholds, press . Use the arrow keys (,) to choose configuration of the thresholds. 3A: all current sensors have the same threshold. Press the key, then use the , keys to highlight the value of the threshold in yellow. Press the key, then use the ,, and keys to change the threshold. The unit can be the A, the kA or the mA.
To change configuration pages, press the or key. The recordable values are: Unit Designation Urms RMS phase-to-phase voltage. Ucf Crest (peak) factor of phase-to-phase voltage. Uthdf Harmonic distortion of the phase-to-phase voltage with the RMS value of the fundamental as reference. Uthdr Harmonic distortion of the phase-to-phase voltage with the total RMS value without DC as reference (for the C.A 8333 only). Vrms RMS phase-to-neutral voltage. Vcf Crest factor of phase-to-neutral voltage.
Figure 33: The second screen of the Trend Mode during modification Note: If a recording is in progress, the associated configuration cannot be modified and the selected values are identified by black spots. To return to the Configuration menu, press . 4.10. MODE ALARM MODE (FOR THE C.A 8333 ONLY) The screen defines the alarms used by the Alarm Mode function (see §7).
Notes: The display in red of an alarm line means that the programmed quantity and/or target is incompatible with the configuration chosen (connection selected, sensors connected, ratios programmed, calculation methods chosen). The alarms on the level of harmonics of order 01 concern only the values expressed in % r. If a search for alarms is in progress, the activated alarms cannot be modified and are identified by black spots. However, new alarms (not yet programmed or not activated) can be activated.
5. TRANSIENT MODE (FOR THE C.A 8333 ONLY) The mode is used to record transients, to look up the list of recorded searches and the list of transients they contain, or erase them. You can record up to 7 detections and 51 transients. When the Transient mode is invoked: If no recording has been made, then the Detection schedule screen is displayed. If transients have been recorded, then the List of searches for transients is displayed. Reminder of sub-mode used.
5.2. DISPLAYING A TRANSIENT To display the recorded transients, press . The List of Searches for Transients screen is displayed. Display of sub-mode used. Memory indicator. The black bar represents memory used; the white bar represents memory available.
Note: The curves to be displayed selection filter is dynamic and depends on the connection chosen. For example, it proposes (3U, 3A) for a 3-wire three-phase set-up To return to the Transient list screen, press . 5.3. DELETING A SEARCH FOR TRANSIENTS When the list of searches for transients is displayed (see figure 39), select the search to be erased. This is done by moving the cursor to it using the and keys. The selected search is bolded. Then press the key. Press to validate or to cancel.
6. HARMONIC The Harmonic mode displays a representation of the harmonic levels of the voltage, current, and apparent power, order by order. It can be used to determine the harmonic currents produced by nonlinear loads and analyze problems caused by harmonics according to their order (overheating of neutrals, conductors, motors, etc.). Select the filters and the expert mode (see §6.5). Use the or key to select the display. Analysis of the apparent power of the harmonics (see §6.3). For the C.
6.1.2. THE L1 PHASE VOLTAGE HARMONICS DISPLAY SCREEN This information concerns the harmonic pointed to by the cursor. V-h03: harmonic number. %: level of harmonics with the fundamental RMS value as reference (%f) or (for the C.A 8333 only) the total RMS value as reference (%r). V: RMS voltage of the harmonic in question. -143°: phase shift with respect to the fundamental (order 1). max – min: maximum and minimum levels of the harmonic in question.
6.2.2. THE L1 CURRENT HARMONICS DISPLAY SCREEN This information concerns the harmonic pointed to by the cursor. A-h05: harmonic number. %: level of harmonics with the fundamental RMS value as reference (%f) or (for the C.A 8333 only) the total RMS value as reference (%r). A: RMS current of the harmonic in question. +178°: phase shift with respect to the fundamental (order 1). max – min: maximum and minimum levels of the harmonic in question.
6.3.2. THE L1 APPARENT POWER HARMONICS DISPLAY SCREEN This information concerns the harmonic pointed to by the cursor. S-h03: harmonic number. %: level of harmonics with the fundamental apparent power as reference (%f) or (for the C.A 8333 only) the total apparent power as reference (%r). +045°: phase shift of the voltage harmonic with respect to the current harmonic for the order in question. min–max: maximum and minimum levels of the harmonic in question.
6.4.2. THE L1 PHASE-TO-PHASE VOLTAGE HARMONICS DISPLAY SCREEN This information concerns the harmonic pointed to by the cursor. Uh 03: harmonic number. %: level of harmonics with the fundamental RMS value as reference (%f) or (for the C.A 8333 only) the total RMS value as reference (%r). V: RMS voltage of the harmonic in question. +000°: phase shift with respect to the fundamental (order 1). max – min: indicators of the maximum and minimum of the level of harmonics or by pressing the key.
6.5.2. THE CURRENT EXPERT MODE DISPLAY SCREEN The A sub-menu displays the influence of the harmonics of the current on the heating of the neutral and on rotating machines. Harmonics inducing a negative sequence. Harmonics inducing a positive sequence. Harmonics inducing a zero sequence. %: level of harmonics with the fundamental RMS value as reference (%f) or the total RMS value as reference (%r).
7. WAVEFORM The Waveform key is used to display the current and voltage curves, along with the values measured and those calculated from the voltages and currents (except for power, energy, and harmonics). This is the screen that appears when the device is powered up. Display of the maximum and minimum RMS values and of the peak values (see §7.4). Selection of the display filters. Use the or key to select the display. Measurement of the peak factor (see §7.3).
7.1.1. THE 3U RMS DISPLAY SCREEN This screen displays the three phase-to-neutral voltages of a three-phase system. Instantaneous values of the signals at the position of the cursor. t: time relative to the start of the period. U1: instantaneous phase-to-phase voltage between phases 1 and 2 (U12). U2: instantaneous phase-to-phase voltage between phases 2 and 3 (U23). U3: instantaneous phase-to-phase voltage between phases 3 and 1 (U31). RMS phase-to-phase voltages. Voltage axis with automatic scaling.
7.1.4. THE RMS DISPLAY SCREEN FOR L1 This screen displays the phase-to-ground voltage and current of phase 1. RMS voltage and current. Instantaneous values of the signals at the position of the cursor. t: time relative to the start of the period. V1: instantaneous phase-to-ground voltage of phase 1. A1: instantaneous current of phase 1. Current and voltage axis with automatic scaling. Instantaneous value cursor. Use the or key to move the cursor.
7.2.3. THE 4A THD DISPLAY SCREEN This screen displays the phase current waveforms for one period and the total harmonic distortion values. Instantaneous values of the signals at the position of the cursor. t: time relative to the start of the period. A1: instantaneous current of phase 1. A2: instantaneous current of phase 2. A3: instantaneous current of phase 3. AN: instantaneous value of the neutral current. Harmonic distortion for each curve. Current axis with automatic scaling.
7.3.3. THE 4A CF DISPLAY SCREEN This screen displays the current waveforms of one period and the peak factors. Instantaneous values of the signals at the position of the cursor. t: time relative to the start of the period. A1: instantaneous current of phase 1. A2: instantaneous current of phase 2. A3: instantaneous current of phase 3. AN: instantaneous value of the current of the neutral. Peak factor for each curve. Current axis with automatic scaling. Instantaneous value cursor.
7.4.2. THE 3V MAX.-MIN. DISPLAY SCREEN This screen displays the one-second mean and half-cycle maximum and minimum RMS values and the positive and negative peaks of the phase-to-neutral voltages. Columns of values for each voltage curve (1, 2 and 3). MAX: maximum RMS phase-to-neutral voltage since the switching on of the device or since the last time the key was pressed. RMS: true RMS phase-to-neutral voltage.
7.5. SIMULTANEOUS DISPLAY The sub-menu displays all of the voltage and current measurements (RMS, DC, THD, CF, PST, FHL and FK). 7.5.1. 3U SIMULTANEOUS DISPLAY SCREEN This screen displays the RMS, DC, THD, and CF values of the phase-to-phase voltages. Column of phase-to-phase voltages (phases 1, 2, and 3). RMS: true RMS value calculated over 1 second. DC: DC component. THD: total harmonic distortion with the fundamental RMS value as reference (%f) or (for the C.
7.5.4. L1 SIMULTANEOUS DISPLAY SCREEN This screen displays the RMS, DC, THD, and CF values of the phase-to-neutral voltage and of the current and PST of the phaseto-neutral voltage, and FHL and FK of the current for phase 1. Column of voltage values simple. RMS: true RMS value calculated over 1 second. DC: DC component. THD: total harmonic distortion with the fundamental RMS value as reference (%f) or (for the C.A 8333 only) with the total RMS value without DC as reference (%r).
7.6.2. THE 3U FRESNEL DIAGRAM DISPLAY SCREEN This screen displays a vector representation of the fundamentals of the phase-to-phase voltages and of the currents. It indicates their associated quantities (modulus and phase of the phase-to-phase voltage vectors) and the negative-sequence voltage unbalance rate. The reference vector of the representation (at 3 o’clock) is U1. The information displayed is identical to that described in §7.6.1 but relative to the phase-to-phase voltage. 7.6.3.
8. ALARM MODE (FOR THE C.A 8333 ONLY) The Alarm mode detects overshoots of thresholds on each of the following parameters: Hz, Urms, Vrms, Arms, Ucf, Vcf, Acf, Uthdf, Vthdf, Athdf, Uthdr, Vthdr, Athdr, |P|, |Q1| or N, D, S, |PF|, |cos F|, |tan F|, PST, FHL, FK, Vunb, Uunb (for a three-phase source without neutral) Aunb, U-h, V-h, A-h and |S-h| (see the table of abbreviations in §2.9). The alarm thresholds: must have been programmed in the Configuration / Alarm mode screen (see §4.10).
The Campaign on standby message is displayed until the start time is reached. It is then replaced by the message Campaign running . When the stop time is reached, the Programming a Campaign screen returns with the key. You can then program another campaign. During an alarm campaign, only the stop date field can be modified. It is automatically highlighted in yellow. 8.3. DISPLAY OF THE LIST OF CAMPAIGNS To display the list of campaigns performed, press the contain up to 2 campaigns. key.
8.5. DELETING AN ALARM CAMPAIGN When the list of campaigns performed is displayed (see figure 74), select the campaign to be erased. This is done by moving the cursor to it using the and keys. The selected campaign is bolded. Then press the key. Press to validate or to cancel. Note: It is not possible to delete the alarm campaign in progress. 8.6. ERASING ALL ALARM CAMPAIGNS Erasing all of the alarm campaigns is possible only from the Configuration menu, in the Erasure of Data sub-menu (see §4.
9. TREND MODE The Trend mode records changes to parameters previously specified in the Configuration / Trend mode screen (see §4.9). This mode manages up to 250 MB (C.A 8331: 28 MB) of data. Memory card usage. List of records (see §9.3). Rapid programming and starting of recording (see §9.1). Programming a recording (see §9.1). Access to Trend mode configuration (see §4.9). Starting a recording (see §9.1). Figure 76: Trend mode screen 9.1.
9.3. VIEWING THE RECORDING LIST The submenu displays the recording list already made. Recording list memory usage. The black part of the bar corresponds to the fraction of memory used. Recording name. Recording stop time. Recording start time. Figure 77: Recording list display screen If the stop date is in red, it means that it does not match the stop date initially programmed, because of a power supply problem (battery low or disconnection of the device supplied by mains only). 9.4.
9.5.2. TREND CURVES Date of the cursor. Position of the viewing window in the record. This screen is a partial view of the trend curve. There are other screens before and after the visible part. To select the display filter, press the or key. Use the or key to move the cursor. Figure 79: Vrms (3L) without MIN-AVG-MAX The display period of this curve is one minute.
Curve of the maxima. Values of the cursor (minimum, mean, and maximum). Curve of the mean. Curve of the minima. Figure 82: Arms (N) with MIN-AVG-MAX The display period of this curve is one minute. Each point of the mean curve represents the arithmetic mean of 60 values recorded every second. Each point of the curve of the maxima represents the maximum of the 60 values recorded every second. Each point of the curve of the minima corresponds to the minimum of the 60 values recorded every second.
Note: For the quantities (P, VAR, S, D, PF, cos Φ and tan Φ) and for a three-phase source without neutral, only the total quantities are represented. Figure 85: tan Φ (L1) without MIN-AVG-MAX for a three-phase connection with neutral Figure 86: tan Φ (L1) with MIN-AVG-MAX The sum of the powers of the three phases (Σ) is presented in bargraph form. To change the scale of the display between 1 minute and 5 days.
Starting date of the selection. Date of the cursor (ending date of the selection). Use the or keys to move the cursor. Energy calculation mode. Pressing this key lets you define the start of the selection. Figure 89: Ph (Σ) without MIN-AVG-MAX The display period of this bar chart is one minute. Since the recording period is one second, each bar of this bar chart represents a value recorded in a one-second window once a minute.
This curve differs considerably from the previous one, because the MIN-AVG-MAX mode is activated. Each point of the mean curve represents the arithmetic mean of 7,200 values recorded every second. Each point of the curve of the maxima represents the maximum of the 7,200 values recorded every second. Each point of the curve of the minima corresponds to the minimum of the 7,200 values recorded every second.
The following table indicates the time needed to display the curve on screen as a function of the width of the display window for a recording period of one second: Width of display window (60 points or increments) 5 days Grid increment Typical waiting time for display with the MIN-AVG-MAX mode deactivated Typical waiting time for display with the MIN-AVG-MAX mode activated 2 hours 11 seconds 10 minutes 2,5 days 1 hour 6 seconds 5 minutes 15 hours 15 minutes 2 seconds 1 minute 15 seconds 10 h
10. POWER AND ENERGY MODE The key displays power- and energy-related measurements. The sub-menus available depend on the filter. For 2-wire single-phase connection, only selection L1 is available. The filter is therefore not displayed, but the display is the same as for L1. For the 3-wire three-phase connection, only the Σ selection is available. The filter is therefore not displayed, but the display is the same as for Σ. 10.1. 3L FILTER 10.1.1. THE POWERS DISPLAY SCREEN The W...
10.1.3. THE ENERGIES CONSUMED DISPLAY SCREEN The sub-menu displays the meters of energy consumed by the load. Active energy. Inductive reactive effect . Reactive energy. Capacitive reactive effect Distortion energy. . Apparent energy. Figure 99: The Energies Consumed display screen in 3L Note: This screen corresponds to the choice “non-active quantities broken down” in the VAR tab of the Calculation Methods menu of the Configuration mode.
Notes: This screen corresponds to the choice “non-active quantities broken down” in the VAR tab of the Calculation Methods menu of the Configuration mode. If the choice had been “non-active quantities not broken down”, then the D label (distortion power) would have disappeared and the Q1 label would have been replaced by the N label. This non-active power has no inductive or capacitive effect. Filters L2 and L3 display the same information for phases 2 and 3. 10.2.2. THE ENERGY METERS DISPLAY SCREEN The Wh.
10.3.2. THE TOTAL ENERGY METERS DISPLAY SCREEN The Wh... sub-menu displays the energy meters. Meters of energy consumed by the load. Meters of the energy generated by the load. Total active energy. Total inductive reactive effect . Total reactive energy. Total capacitive reactive effect Total distortion energy. . Total apparent energy.
10.5. DISCONNECTION OF ENERGY METERING To suspend energy metering, press . The stop date and time of the metering are displayed alongside the start date and time. Figure 107: The Energy Metering screen in varh A disconnection of the metering is not definitive. It can be resumed by pressing the key again. Note: If no recording is in progress, then disconnecting the energy metering leads to the appearance of the blinking symbol in the status bar (in place of the symbol).
11. SCREEN SNAPSHOT MODE The key can be used to take up to 12 screen snapshots and display the recorded snapshots. Saved screens may then be transferred to a PC using the PAT2 application (Power Analyser Transfer). 11.1. SCREEN SNAPSHOTS Press the key for approx. 3 seconds to shoot any screen . When a screen snapshot is taken, the icon of the active mode ( , unit is replaced by the icon. You can then release the key .
12. HELP KEY The key provides information about the key functions and symbols used in the current display mode. The following information is displayed: Reminder of the mode used. Help in progress. List of information concerning the keys and icons. Help page 2. Help page 1. Figure 109: The help screen for the powers and energies mode, page 1 List of symbols used on the page.
13. DATA EXPORT SOFTWARE The PAT2 (Power Analyser Transfer 2) data export software supplied with the device is used to transfer the data recorded in the device to a PC. To install it, load the installation CD in the CD drive of your PC, then follow the instructions on screen. Then connect the device to the PC using the USB cord supplied, after removing the cover that protects the USB port on the device. C.
14. GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS 14.1. ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS The following chart shows conditions relating to ambient temperature and humidity: %RH 95 85 1 = Reference range. 2 = Range for use. 3 = Range for storage with batteries. 4 = Range for storage without batteries.
14.4. ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY Emissions and immunity in an industrial setting compliant with IEC 61326-1. As regards electromagnetic emissions, the device belongs to group 1, class A, under standard EN55011. Class A devices are intended for use in industrial environments. There may be difficulties ensuring electromagnetic compatibility in other environments, because of conducted and radiated disturbance.
14.5.5. DISPLAY UNIT The display unit is an active matrix (TFT) LCD type having the following characteristics: 5.
15. FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS 15.1. REFERENCE CONDITIONS This table indicates the reference conditions of the quantities to be used by default in the characteristics indicated in § 15.3.4. Parameter Reference conditions Ambient temperature 23 ± 3 °C Humidity (relative humidity) [45 %; 75 %] Atmospheric pressure [860 hPa ; 1060 hPa] Phase-to-neutral voltage [50 Vrms ; 1000 Vrms] without DC (< 0.
15.3. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS 15.3.1. VOLTAGE INPUT CHARACTERISTICS Range for use: 0 Vrms to 1000 Vrms AC+DC phase-to-neutral. 0 Vrms to 2000 Vrms AC+DC phase-to-phase. (on condition of compliance with 1000 Vrms with respect to earth in Cat III). Input impedance: 1195 kW (between phase and neutral). Admissible overload: 1200 Vrms constant. 2000 Vrms for one second. 15.3.2. CURRENT INPUT CHARACTERISTICS Operating range: [0 V ; 1 V] Input impedance: 1 MW. Admissible overload: 1.7 Vrms constant.
15.3.4.
Measurement J93 clamp Maximum 3A 3,500 A 1A MN93 clamp 200 mA E3N clamp (100 mV/A) MN93A clamp (5 A) 5 A adapter Essailec® adapter AmpFLEX™ A193 MiniFLEX MA193 (10 kA) AmpFLEX™ A193 MiniFLEX MA193 (6500 A) AmpFLEX™ A193 MiniFLEX MA193 (100 A) J93 clamp PAC93 clamp Direct current (DC)(3) Minimum C193 clamp PAC93 clamp E3N clamp (10 mV/A) MN93A clamp (100 A) RMS current(2) Measurement range without ratio (with unity ratio) 1,000 A 200 A 100 mA 100 A 10 mA 10 A 5 mA 5A 10 A 10 kA 10 A 6,
Measurement J93 clamp Maximum 1A 3,500 A 1A 1,200 A MN93 clamp 200 mA 240 A 0.1A 10 mA 12 A MN93A clamp (5 A) 5 A adapter Essailec® adapter 5 mA 6A AmpFLEX™ A193 MiniFLEX MA193 (6500 A) AmpFLEX™ A193 MiniFLEX MA193 (100 A) J93 clamp 10 A 10 A 100 mA A ≥ 100 A 1 mA A < 10 A 10 mA A ≥ 10 A 1 mA 1A A < 10 kA 10 kA 10 A A ≥ 10 kA 100 mA A < 1000 A 6,500 A 1A A ≥ 1000 A 10 mA A < 100 A 1A 4,950 A (1) 100 mA A ≥ 100 A 1A 1,414 A (1) MN93 clamp 200 mA 282.8 A (1) 141.
Quantities concerning powers and energies Measurement Measurement range without ratio (with unity ratio) Minimum Display resolution (with unity ratio) Maximum ±(1 %) cos F ≥ 0.8 Excluding FLEX Active power (P) (1) 10 mW (3) 10 MW 4 digits at most (4) (5) ±(1.5 % + 10 ct) 0.2 ≤ cos F < 0.8 ±(1 %) cos F ≥ 0.8 AmpFLEX™ MiniFLEX ±(1.5 % + 10 ct) 0.5 ≤ cos F < 0.8 ±(1 %) sin F ≥ 0.
Quantities associated with power Measurement Phase differences of fundamentals cos F (DPF) tan F Measurement range Display resolution Maximum intrinsic error 180° 1° ±2° 1 0.001 ±1° for F ±5 ct for cos F Minimum Maximum -179° -1 -32.77 (1) 32.77 (1) 0.001 tan F < 10 0.01 tan F ≥ 10 Voltage unbalance (UNB) 0% 100 % 0.1 % Current unbalance (UNB) 0% 100 % 0.1 % (1) |tan F| = 32,767 corresponds to F = ±88.
Quantities concerning the spectral composition of the signals Measurement Voltage harmonic ratio (tn) Current harmonic ratio (tn) (non-FLEX) Measurement range Minimum Maximum 0% 1500 %f 100 %r 0% 1500 %f 100 %r Current harmonic ratio (tn) (AmpFLEX™ & MiniFLEX) 0% 1500 %f 100 %r Total voltage harmonic distortion (THD) (referred to the fundamental) of voltage 0% 999.9 % Display resolution 0.1 % tn < 1000 % 1% tn ≥ 1000 % Maximum intrinsic error ±(2.5 % + 5 ct) 0.
Measurement Measurement range (with unity ratio) Minimum RMS harmonic voltage (order n ≥ 2) simple compound simple (Vd) 2V 2V 2V Display resolution (with unity ratio) Maximum 100 mV V < 1000 V 1000 V (1) 1V V ≥ 1000 V 100 mV U < 1000 V 2000 V (2) 1V U ≥ 1000 V 100 mV V < 1000 V 1000 V (1) 1V V ≥ 1000 V RMS distortion voltage compound (Ud) 2V 2000 V (2) J93 clamp 1A 3500 A C193 clamp PAC93 clamp MN93 clamp E3N clamp (10 mV/A) MN93A clamp (100 A) RMS harmonic current (order n ≥ 2)
Measurement range (with unity ratio) Measurement Minimum Maximum J93 clamp 1A 3500 A C193 clamp PAC93 clamp 1A 1000 A MN93 clamp 200 mA 200 A E3N clamp (10 mV/A) MN93A clamp (100 A) RMS distortion current (Ad) (1) 0.1A 10 mA 10 A MN93A clamp (5 A) 5 A adapter Essailec® adapter 5 mA 5A 10 A AmpFLEX™ A193 MiniFLEX MA193 (6500 A) 10 A AmpFLEX™ A193 MiniFLEX MA193 (100 A) 100 mA Maximum intrinsic error 1A ±((nmax x 0.
Measurement ranges after application of the ratios Measurement range Measurement Minimum with minimum ratio(s) Maximum with maximum ratio(s) simple 120 mV 170 GV compound 120 mV 340 GV simple 120 mV 200 GV compound 120 mV 400 GV simple 160 mV 240 GV compound 320 mV 480 GV RMS & RMS ½ current 5 mA 300 kA Direct current (DC) 10 mA 5 kA Peak current (PK) 7 mA 420 kA Active power (P) 600 µW 51 PW (2) Reactive power (Q1) non-active (N) and distortion power (D) 600 µvar 51 Pvar
15.3.5. CURRENT SENSOR CHARACTERISTICS (AFTER LINEARIZATION) Sensor errors are offset by a typical correction inside the device. This typical correction, applied to the phase and amplitude, depends on the type of sensor connected (detected automatically) and the gain in the current acquisition channel used.
Note: This table does not take into account possible distortion of the measured signal (THD) because of the physical limitations of the current sensor (saturation of the magnetic circuit or of the Hall-effect cell). Class B under standard IEC61000-4-30. 15.4. CLASS B UNDER STANDARD IEC 61000-4-30 15.4.1.
16. APPENDICES This section presents the mathematical formulae used in calculating various parameters. 16.1. MATHEMATICAL FORMULAE 16.1.1. NETWORK FREQUENCY AND SAMPLING Sampling is controlled by (locked to) the network frequency so as to deliver 256 samples per cycle from 40 Hz to 70 Hz. This locking is essential for many calculations, including reactive power, distorting power, fundamental power factor, unbalance, and harmonic factors and angles.
16.1.2.3. DC quantities (neutral included except Vdc and Udc – reassessment every second) Phase-to-ground DC voltage of phase (i+1) with i ∈ [0; 2] Vdc[i ] = NechSec −1 1 ⋅ ∑ V [i ][n] NechSec n =0 Phase-to-phase DC voltage of phase (i+1) with i ∈ [0 ; 2] Udc[i ] = NechSec −1 1 ⋅ ∑ U [i ][n] NechSec n =0 DC current of phase (i+1) with i ∈ [0; 3] (i = 3 ∈ neutral current) Adc[i ] = NechSec −1 1 ⋅ ∑ A[i ][n] NechSec n =0 Remark: The value NechSec is the number of samples per second. 16.1.2.4.
Peak factor of current of phase (i+1) with i ∈ [0; 3] (i = 3 ⇔ neutral). max( App[i] , Apm[i] ) Acf [i ] = 1 ⋅ NechSec NechSec−1 ∑ A[i][n] 2 n =0 Note: NechSec is the number of samples in the second. The duration of evaluation of the peak values here is one second. 16.1.2.7. Rms values (neutral included except Vrms and Urms – over one second) RMS phase-to-neutral voltage of phase (i+1) with i ∈ [0; 2].
Negative-sequence unbalance factor of the phase-to-phase voltages in a distribution system without neutral Uunb = Urms − Urms + Remark: The following quantities are saved with the negative-sequence unbalance factor in a trend recording: Uns = |Urms-| and Ups = |Urms+| (the norms of the negative-sequence and positive-sequence fundamental symmetrical components, respectively).
ak −ϕ4 bk The angle with respect to the fundamental in degrees [°] ⇔ ϕ k = arctan c k bk with ak c 0 ck = bk + ja k = a k2 + bk2 1024 = 1 kπ Fs ⋅ sin s +ϕk 512 s =0 512 = 1 kπ s +ϕk Fs ⋅ cos 512 s =0 512 = 1 Fs 1024 s =0 ∑ 1024 ∑ 1024 ∑ k k with a frequency f k = f 4 . 4 4 is the sampled signal at the fundamental frequency f 4 . is the amplitude of the component of order m = Fs co is the DC component.
16.1.3.3. Harmonic loss factor (without neutral – over 4 consecutive periods every second) Harmonic loss factor of the phase (i+1) with i ∈ [0; 2] n =50 50 FHL[i] = ∑n 2 ⋅ Aharm[i ][n] 2 n =1 n =50 50 ∑ Aharm[i ][n] 2 n =1 16.1.3.4. K factor (excluding neutral – over 4 consecutive cycles every second) K factor for phase (i+1) with i ∈ [0; 2], e ∈ [0.05; 0.1] and q ∈ [1.5; 1.7] n =50 50 ∑n e FK FK [i] = 1 + . 1+ e q ⋅ Aharm[i ][n] n=2 n =50 50 2 ∑ Aharm[i][n] 2 n =1 16.1.3.5.
Positive -sequence harmonics 7 1 Aharm + = 3 2 ∑ Aharm[i][3 j + 4] i =0 Aharm[i ][1] ∑ j =0 Three-phase systems with neutral 7 1 Vharm + = 3 2 ∑ Vharm[i][3 j + 4] i =0 Vharm[i ][1] ∑ j =0 Three-phase systems without neutral 7 1 Uharm + = 3 2 ∑ Uharm[i][3 j + 4] i =0 Uharm[i ][1] ∑ j =0 16.1.4. POWER Powers without neutral – over one second 16.1.4.1. Distribution system with neutral Active power of phase (i+1) with i ∈ [0; 2].
16.1.4.2. Three-phase system with virtual neutral Three-phase distribution systems without neutral are considered as a whole (no phase-by-phase power calculation). The device therefore displays only the total quantities. The three-wattmeter method with virtual neutral is applied for the calculation of the total active power and of the total reactive power. Total active power. S( NechSec-1 2 P[3]=W[3]= i=0 1 NechSec S V[i][n].A[i][n] n=0 ) Total apparent power.
Reactive power, Wattmeter 2 Q1 [1] = VARF[1] = NechSec −1 1 NechPer AF ⋅ ∑ − UF U F [0][ n − ]⋅ A F [1][n] NechSec n =0 4 b) Reference in L2 Active power, Wattmeter 1 P[0] = W[0] = NechSec −1 1 ⋅ ∑ U [0][n] ⋅ A[0][n] NechSec n =0 Active power, Wattmeter 2 P[1] = W[1] = NechSec −1 1 ⋅ ∑ − U [1][n] ⋅ A[2][n] NechSec n =0 Reactive power, Wattmeter 1 Q1 [0] = VARF[0] = NechSec −1 1 NechPer AF ⋅ ∑ UF U F [0][ n − ]⋅ A F [0][n] NechSec n =0 4 Reactive power, Wattmeter 2 Q1 [1] = VARF[1] = NechSec −1
d) Calculation of the total quantities Total active power P[3] = W[3] = P[0] + P[1] Total apparent power S[3] = VA V A [3] = 1 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 U rms [0] + U rms [1] + U rms [2] Arms [0] + Arms [1] + Arms [2] Note: This is the total apparent RMS power as defined in IEEE 1459-2010 for distribution systems without neutral.
With: Q1 [3] = NechSec −1 NechSec −1 n =0 n =0 NechSec −1 V F [0][n] ⋅ AF A F [0][n] + ∑VF V F [1][n] ⋅AF A F [1][n] + ∑VF V F [2][n] ⋅AF A F [2][n] ∑VF P1 [3] = n =0 NechSec −1 NechSec −1 n=0 n=0 ∑ NechPer AF VF V F [0][ n − ]⋅ A F [0][n] + 4 ∑ NechSec −1 NechPer AF NechPer AF VF VF V F [1][ n − ]⋅ A F [1][n] + V F [2][ n − ]⋅ A F [2][n] ∑ 4 n=0 Note: The fundamental power factor is also called the displacement factor.
If reference on L3 P1 [3] = 1 ⋅ NechSec NechSec −1 ∑ − U [2][n]⋅ A[0][n] + n =0 1 ⋅ NechSec NechSec −1 ∑ U [1][n]⋅ A[1][n] n =0 Note: The fundamental power factor is also called the displacement factor. Total tangent Tan [3] = Q1 [3] P1 [3] 16.1.6. ENERGIES Energies excluding neutral – over Tint with refresh every second 16.1.6.1. Distribution system with neutral Note: Tint is the power integration time in energy calculations; the beginning and end of this period are user-controlled.
Total consumed reactive inductive energy (Non-active quantities broken down – Configuration >Calculation methods >var) Q1hL[0][3] = VARhL[0][3] = Q1hL[0][0] + Q1hL[0][1] + Q1hL[0][2] Total consumed capacitive reactive energy (Non-active quantities broken down – Configuration >Calculation methods >var) Q1C[0][3] = VARhC[0][3] = Q1C[0][0] + Q1C[0][1] + Q1C[0][2] Total consumed distortion energy (Non-active quantities broken down – Configuration >Calculation methods >var) Dh[0][3] = VADh[0][3] = Dh[0][0] + Dh[
Total generated capacitive reactive energy (Non-active quantities broken down – Configuration >Calculation methods >var) Q1hC[1][3] = VARhC[1][3] = Q1hC[1][0] + Q1hC[1][1] + Q1hC[1][2] Total generated distortion energy (Non-active quantities broken down – Configuration >Calculation methods >var) Dh[1][3] = VADh[1][3] = Dh[1][0] + Dh[1][1] + Dh[1][2] Total generated non-active energy (Non-active quantities not broken down – Configuration >Calculation methods >var) Nh[1][3] = VARh[1][3] = Nh[1][0] + Nh[1][1]
Total generated inductive reactive energy (Non-active quantities broken down – Configuration >Calculation methods >var) Tint Q1hL hL [1][i ] = VARhL[1][i ] = ∑ n − Q1 [i ][n] 3600 with Q1[i][n] < 0 Total generated capacitive reactive energy (Non-active quantities broken down – Configuration >Calculation methods >var) Tint Q1hC hC [1][i ] = VARhC[1][i ] = ∑ n Q1 [i ][n] 3600 with Q1[i][n] ≥ 0 Total generated distortion energy (Non-active quantities broken down – Configuration >Calculation methods >va
16.2. DISTRIBUTION SOURCES SUPPORTED BY THE DEVICE See connections in §4.6. 16.3. HYSTERESIS Hysteresis is a screening principle that is often used after detection of a threshold stage in Alarm mode (for the C.A 8333 only) (see §4.10). A correct hysteresis setting avoids repeated changes of state when the measurement oscillates about the threshold. 16.3.1. SURGE DETECTION With a hysteresis of 2%, for example, the return level for surge detection is equal to (100% - 2%) or 98% of the voltage threshold.
16.5. FOUR-QUADRANT DIAGRAM This diagram is used for power and energy measurements (see §9). Figure 111: Four-quadrant diagram 16.6. MECHANISM FOR TRIGGERING TRANSIENT CAPTURES For the C.A 8333 only. The sampling rate is a constant 256 samples per cycle. When a transient capture is started, each sample is compared to the sample from the preceding cycle. The preceding cycle defines the mid-point of a virtual tube and is used as reference.
16.7. GLOSSARY AC and DC components. AC component only. DC component only. Inductive phase shift. Capacitive phase shift. ° Degree. -.+ Expert mode. | | Absolute value. ΦVA Phase shift of the phase-to-neutral (phase voltage) voltage with respect to the phase-to-neutral current (line current). Σ Value of the system. % Percentage. %f Fundamental value as reference (percentage of the fundamental). %r Total value as reference (percentage of the total value).
m milli (10-3 ) ms millisecond. M Mega (106 ) MAX Maximum value. MIN Minimum value. N Non-active power. Nh Non-active energy. Nominal voltage: Reference voltage of a network. non-nuclear toe: non-nuclear tonne oil equivalent. nuclear toe: nuclear tonne oil equivalent. Order of a harmonic: ratio of the frequency of the harmonic to the fundamental frequency; a whole number. P Peta (1015 ) P Active power.
Vpk- Minimum peak value of the phase-to-neutral voltage (phase voltage). Vh Harmonic of the phase-to-neutral voltage (phase voltage). Voltage dip: temporary fall of voltage, at some point in the power network, to below a specified threshold. Voltage unbalance in a polyphased electric power network: state in which the RMS voltages between conductors (fundamental component) and/or the phase differences between successive conductors are not all equal. Vrms RMS phase-to-neutral voltage (phase voltage).
17. MAINTENANCE Except for the battery and the memory card, the instrument contains no parts that can be replaced by personnel who have not been specially trained and accredited. Any unauthorized repair or replacement of a part by an “equivalent” may gravely impair safety. 17.1. CLEANING THE CASING Disconnect the unit completely and switch it OFF. Use a soft cloth, dampened with soapy water. Rinse with a damp cloth and dry rapidly with a dry cloth or forced air.
Turn the device over and hold the battery as it slides out of its compartment. Disconnect the battery connector without pulling on the wires. Note: The Qualistar+ preserves the date-time function for approximately 4 hours without the battery. The Qualistar+ preserves an inrush current capture for approximately 2 hours without its battery. Spent batteries must not be treated as ordinary household waste. Take them to the appropriate recycling collection point. Fitting the new battery.
17.5. MEMORY CARD The device accepts SD (SDSC), SDHC, and SDXC type memory cards. Before withdrawing or inserting the memory card, make sure that the device is disconnected and off. Write-protect the memory card when you withdraw it from the device. Cancel the write protection before putting the card back into its space in the device. LOCK LOCK Memory card not protected Memory card protected To withdraw the memory card from its space, proceed as for the replacement of the battery, described in §17.3.
17.7. REPAIR For all repairs before or after expiry of warranty, please return the device to your distributor. 17.8. UPDATING OF THE INTERNAL SOFTWARE With a view to providing, at all times, the best possible service in terms of performance and technical upgrades, Chauvin Arnoux invites you to update the embedded software of the device by downloading the new version, available free of charge on our web site. Our site: http://www.chauvin-arnoux.com Sign in and open your account.
18. WARRANTY Except as otherwise stated, our warranty is valid for three years starting from the date on which the equipment was sold. Extract from our General Conditions of Sale provided on request.
19. TO ORDER 19.1. THREE-PHASE ELECTRICAL NETWORKS ANALYSER C.A 8331 without clamp ........................................................................................................................................... P01160511 C.A 8333 without clamp ........................................................................................................................................... P01160541 The device is delivered with: 1 no.
04 - 2015 Code 694286A02 - Ed.
