Specifications

Section 364-180-202

7.2.2 User Datagram Protocol (UDP) - UDP is a message protocol (different from TCP) that does not

provide sequencing of packets. Therefore the application program must be able to make sure that

the entire message has arrived and in the right order. It does provide port numbers to distinguish

different user requests and optionally a checksum to verify data arrived intact.

7.2.3 Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) provides a way for multiple different users to share

the same physical connection to a remote service provider.

7.2.4 Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) – ICMP is a communication protocol that is used for

error reporting and message control between hosts and routers. It uses IP datagrams that are

processed at the IP software level. This is the basis for ping (Protocol INternet Gopher)

7.2.5 Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) - ARP is a protocol for mapping IP addresses to a physical

machine address (Media Access Control, MAC). A table, usually called the ARP cache, is used to

maintain a correlation between the MAC and the corresponding IP address.

7.2.6 DHCP Relay uses the BOOTP (BOOTstrap Protocol) relay agent behavior to eliminate the need

of having a DHCP server on each physical network segment.

7.2.7 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) lets network administrators centrally manage and

automate the assignment of IP addresses in a network. It uses the concept of a ‘lease’ or the

amount of time that a given IP address will be valid for a computer. The lease time can vary

depending on how long the user will require the Internet connection. It also supports static

addresses for computers needing a permanent IP address. DHCP Server is the host that

provides the parameters. DHCP Client is the host requesting parameters

7.2.8 Domain Name Server (DNS) client uses a Domain Name server to locate and translate Internet

domain names into IP addresses.

7.2.9 Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP) is used to allow equipment on a network to synchronize to

network time using a SNTP server.

7.3 IP Bridging and Routing

7.3.1 Static Routing is the ability to input directly into the routing table of a router. When a route is

statically entered into the table, it usually takes precedence over the dynamic route information

7.3.2 Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) is the ability to mask on an individual bit basis. Originally

Class A, B or C allowed the mask to be set on an octet level instead of a bit level. Classless

routing provides for bit level LAN subnetting. This provides the ability to further segregate the

LANs into smaller LANs to minimize LAN traffic.

7.3.3 Routing Information Protocol (RIP) V1 and V2 – RIP is used to manage router information within

a local/corporate LAN. The gateway host sends its entire router table to its closest neighbor host

every 30 seconds. This continues until all hosts have the same knowledge of routing paths

(referred to as network convergence). RIP uses hop count to determine network distance.

7.3.4 Bridging Control Protocol (BCP) is responsible for configuring, enabling and disabling the bridging

protocol features on both ends of a point-to-point connection.

7.3.5 Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) – IGMP is a protocol that provides a way for a

computer to report its multicast group membership to adjacent routers. Multicast allows a

computer to send content to multiple other computers that have identified themselves as

interested in the originating computer’s content.