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TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 1-1 Technical Information ............................................................................................................................... 2-1 General Operation Instructions.................................................................................................................. 3-1 Using the Keypad..............
Trouble Shooting..................................................................................................................................... 12-1 System Specifications ............................................................................................................................. 13-1 Power Pack / Accessory Bag................................................................................................................... 14-1 Accessory Control Port and Cable ........................
INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION The CI-340 Ultra-Light Portable Photosynthesis System is an improved version of the first lightweight, hand-held photosynthesis system in the world. Featuring a new design concept and compact solid-state structure, the entire system – display, keypad, computer, data memory, CO2/H2O gas analyzer, flow control system and battery – is contained in a single, hand-held case. It has everything to measure photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance and internal CO2.
INTRODUCTION Phone: 800-767-0119 (U.S. and Canada) 360-833-8835 Fax: 360-833-1914 Internet: http://www.cid-inc.com E-mail: support@cid-inc.com sales@cid-inc.com CUSTOMER SERVICE: Customer Service Representatives answer questions about specifications and pricing, and sell all of the CID, Inc. products. Customers sometimes find that they need CID, Inc. to make a change to upgrade their system, or repair their system. In order for CID, Inc.
TECHNICAL INFORMATION TECHNICAL INFORMATION The CI-340 is a highly technologically advanced photosynthesis system. It contains a pump along with a mass airflow sensor. A built-in microprocessor regulates the airflow rate, which is set by the user. A technical diagram (Figure 2-1) illustrates a flow chart for this instrument. An illustration of the CI-340 is on the following page (Figure 2-2). The measurement process begins with an air/gas sample passing a solid-state CO2 analyzer.
TECHNICAL INFORMATION Figure 2-2. Parts of the CI-340 3/31/2008 Rev. 4.
GENERAL OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS GENERAL OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS This section will familiarize you with start-up procedures and guide you on how to move from one function to another. Specific instructions for each separate function will be found under their individual heading in the main body of the manual. For greatest accuracy, the instrument should be turned on 30 minutes prior to any calibrations to allow it to be fully warmed up.
GENERAL OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS USING THE KEYPAD The keypad for the CI-340 consists of 20 keys to enter commands and data. Figure 3-1 illustrates the keypad. Figure 3-1. CI-340 Keypad Pressing a key makes a “beeping” sound. A key should be pressed individually each time a command or letter is asked for. Refer to the TROUBLESHOOTING chapter if problems occur. 3/31/2008 Rev. 4.
GENERAL OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS These characters are not usable: [ +,-,(,*,/,) ] FILE MENU The CI-340 has a file system that allows a great range of data to be stored internally. It has been designed to emulate the familiar DOS of personal computers. Note that this menu will not be accessible when there are no files stored in memory; the message “no files” on the top display line will be briefly displayed when this situation occurs.
GENERAL OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS delete the last file saved, or + key (for the letter “Y”) to delete all files saved. The shift and keys will have to be pressed again to confirm erasure of all files. Deleting a file removes it permanently! Be sure to transfer important data before deleting it from the CI-340. Refer to the DATA TRANSFER section for related information.
INTERPRETATION OF PARAMETERS INTERPRETATION OF PARAMETERS CO2 (in) The amount of CO2 (in ppm) at the inlet of the analyzer CO2 (out) The amount of CO2 (in ppm) at the outlet of the leaf chamber CO2 (dif) The difference between the CO2 in and CO2 out values. H2O (in) The amount of H2O (in kPa) at the inlet of the analyzer H2O (out) The amount of H2O (in kPa) at the outlet of the leaf chamber H2O (dif) The difference between the H2O in and H2O out values.
INTERPRETATION OF PARAMETERS “Calibrate H2O” Allows the user to calibrate the zero and span for H2O measurements using external sources “Calibrate Temp” Allows the user to set the TSCAL1 and TSCAL2 parameters of the temperature sensor. “Calibrate Flow” Allows the user to calibrate the flow meter to external standards. “Calibrate ATM Pr” Precisely adjusts atmospheric pressure (in kPa) 3/31/2008 Rev. 4.
SYSTEM SETUP / CALIBRATION SYSTEM SETUP / CALIBRATION The system is shipped from the factory calibrated for immediate use. The user can perform most system calibrations if necessary. To start the CI-340, press display as follows: . After a brief warm-up time, the instrument will display the basic Fri 12 Mar 2004 16:06:38 CI-340 version 5.004 ©Copyright CID Inc., 1997 - 2004 All rights reserved.
SYSTEM SETUP / CALIBRATION ENTER to select Calibrate CO2 Calibrate H2O ENTER to select CALENDAR AND TIME SETUP The purpose of these functions is to provide the user current information of local date and time. This method can be extremely useful to further establish when measurement data are collected or saved, or simply another form of time keeping. The factory-calibrated date and time are the default values.
SYSTEM SETUP / CALIBRATION in calibrations for Photosynthesis, Transpiration and Stomatal Conductance values. The sensor is calibrated at the factory, and normally does not need to be recalibrated. ENTER to select Calibrate ATM Pr To change the atmospheric pressure (ATM) value, scroll to choose the “Calibrate ATM Pr” under the “ENTER to select” function. Enter the desired ATM value in K Pa. Press value or to accept the entered to abort the process, and continue to another step.
SYSTEM SETUP / CALIBRATION 5-0). A well-calibrated flow meter with little backpressure should be used as the standard. If for any reason an error was made during the calibration procedure pressing the key will also return back to the beginning of the flow calibration procedure without saving any changes made. Once the calibration procedure is competed, in a few moments the instrument will reset and return back to the above screen display.
SYSTEM SETUP / CALIBRATION Figure 5-1. Configuration using compressed gas. After the system zero is established, use a gas with known concentration of CO2 to calibrate span. Use the key to skip the “calibrate the span” setting. Use known CO2 Press the key to proceed. Enter the concentration of CO2 in ppm at the following display: Concentration ? __ ppm The known concentration should flow for approximately one minute. Press reset: to save your selection.
SYSTEM SETUP / CALIBRATION NOTE: H2O span setting should not be calibrated except once every six months. However, it is suggested that it be checked often by conducting a photosynthesis test with the “loop back” tube in place of a leaf chamber and sampling a known humidity of the atmosphere. Figure 5-2. Configuration using Soda Lime for CO2 zero calibration. Figure 5-3. Configuration using Silica Gel for H2O calibration. 3/31/2008 Rev. 4.
DATA TRANSFER DATA TRANSFER DOWNLOADING DATA One of the conveniences of this reliable data-collecting instrument is its portability. The CI-340 is almost a small user-friendly computer that can be operated almost anywhere in the field. However, data analysis and presentation can best be done on an external (desktop or laptop) computer. To download data to an external computer, attach the CI-340 USAB Cable to both the CI-340 and the computer’s USB port.
DATA TRANSFER you can stop pressing the key. The download of new code will take about 2 minutes. The computer screen will confirm that the procedure has been completed and the CI-340 will turn itself off. Press the 3/31/2008 key and the new software code is active. Rev. 4.
DATA TRANSFER A SAMPLE DATA FILE W Flow Pressure PAR Tair Tleaf CO2in CO2out H2Oin H2Oout 27.5 0.3 100.09 2175 31.1 32.8 344.9 333.0 1.09 1.10 3.12 27.5 0.3 100.09 2011 31.2 32.9 339.9 328.2 1.23 1.25 2.78 27.5 0.3 100.09 2230 31.2 33.1 365.7 337.9 1.20 1.23 2.66 Internal T Pn E C RHin RHout intCO2 Year Month Date H Min S 12.5 3.12 3.27 35.1 37.2 325.0 03 8 3 6 59 38 13.1 2.78 2.16 35.4 36.9 310.5 03 8 3 6 59 48 21.6 2.66 1.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS, TRANSPIRATION AND STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE PHOTOSYNTHESIS, TRANSPIRATION AND STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE Photosynthesis is the formation of carbohydrates from CO2 and a source of hydrogen (as water) in the chlorophyll-containing tissues of plants exposed to light. The rate at which photosynthesis occurs is determined by measuring the rate at which a known leaf area assimilates the CO2 concentration in a given time.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS, TRANSPIRATION AND STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE using DOS executable extension (such as .EXE, .BAT, .COM, etc.). Note that pressing the and keys will not ask for a file name to be entered, and measured data will not be saved. Sequential measurements using identical operating parameters can be performed if the base name ends in a number (i.e. group1) and the default file name is selected for subsequent measurements (group2, group3,...).
PHOTOSYNTHESIS, TRANSPIRATION AND STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE name” on the screen, and a different file name should be entered. Using 0 for the interval will require the user to press the key each time a measurement is to be saved. Control CS, AD, or LA? CS=1, AD=2, LA=4, CS+AD+LA=7... _____ If the CI-301CS is used, enter number “1”. If the CI-301AD is used, enter number “2”. If the CI301LA is used, enter number “4”. If both the CI-301CS and the CI-301AD are used, enter number “3”.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS, TRANSPIRATION AND STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE are using fully covers the leaf chamber window, enter the area of the window. Table 7-1 and 7-2 at the end of this chapter list the window sizes of all the leaf chambers CID, Inc. manufactures. Flow rate? (lpm) ___ Enter the intended flow rate (in lpm). The pump and flow sensor have been designed to operate under controlled specifications. Use a flow rate between 0.1 and 1 lpm. But if the CI-301AD is used, the flow rate should be < 0.5 lpm.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS, TRANSPIRATION AND STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE Note: The tubing accessory should not be kinked or restricted during operation. A replacement tube can be used; it should be of vinyl or polyurethane material and approximately 5” long. Tygon B-44-3 is normally used because it does not absorb much moisture. Figure 7-2 (top). Tubing schematic for a closed system. Figure 7-3 (bottom). Tubing schematic for an open system. A supplied filter should be connected between the inlet and the tubing.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS, TRANSPIRATION AND STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE Large Cylindrical 50 x 70 35 The closed system environment deals with chambers of variable volume. Each individual chamber is designed to interchange with the CI-340; however, they serve different sizes of the plant element. There are four available sizes of leaf chambers to conduct experiments for the closed system method (Table 7-2). Generally, the manufacturer recommends choosing a chamber large enough to contain the leaf environment (i.e.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS, TRANSPIRATION AND STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE DATA DISPLAY SCREENS Numeric data is displayed during the measurements.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS, TRANSPIRATION AND STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE clockwise. Only the CI-510AD ordered with the CI-340 can be automatically controlled by the CI340 to generate the CO2 response curve. The response curve of photosynthesis vs. air temperature can be seen by pressing “T” (shift, shift, 7) when measuring photosynthesis.
CARE OF THE CI-340 CARE OF THE CI-340 This instrument is designed for portable or stationary use. Whether it is used in the field or on a tripod, the CI-340 is versatile and lightweight, as well as accurate and user-friendly. The manufacturer would like to give you a few suggestions to help you take care of your instrument. • Although the instrument can operate while in motion, avoid any unnecessary movement, and avoid subjecting the instrument to drastic shock.
LEAF CHAMBER - CARE AND USE LEAF CHAMBER — CARE AND USE The leaf chambers are designed to be interchangeable with the CI-340. Any of the closed or open system chambers can be used with ease and reliability. The leaf chambers should receive the same care and attention as is recommended for the CI-340. When attaching a chamber (see Figure 9-1) to the instrument, check that the O-rings (black, rubbery rings) are in place on the connecting tubes of the chamber.
LEAF CHAMBER - CARE AND USE We recommend working in temperature ranges between 5 and 45 ºC for greatest precision. Be sure both sensors are connected to the leaf chamber prior to using. The PAR sensor is extremely sensitive to even subtle changes in the light environment. Figure 9-2. Connecting a leaf chamber to the CI-340. 3/31/2008 Rev. 4.
RECHARGING RECHARGING The CI-340 includes a 7.2V, 3.7Ah Li-ion battery. This battery pack is common among equipment that utilizes portability (primarily video camcorders). When the battery is fully charged, it will last for approximately five hours of continuous use. Optional batteries can be used with more operational time available.
RECHARGING TO DISCONNECT THE CHARGER/ADAPTER 1. Turn the CI-340 off and detach the DC coupler. 2. Disconnect the DC coupler from the charger/adapter. 3. Unplug the charger/adapter and disconnect the power cable from the charger/adapter. TO CHARGE THE Li-ion BATTERY Figure 10-2. Attach the Li-ion Battery to the charger/adapter. Note: Make sure that the DC coupler is not connected to the charger/adapter. The Li-ion Battery will not charge if the DC coupler is connected to the charger/adapter. 1.
RECHARGING • Never unplug the charger/adapter during use or disconnect the DC coupler from the charger/adapter when the DC coupler is being used. • Be sure to unplug the charger/adapter when you have finished using it. • Battery charging will stop if you connect the DC coupler to the charger/adapter, but it will resume as soon as you disconnect it. • The charger/adapter can be used with a power supply between 100 and 240 V AC.
EQUATIONS 3/31/2008 Rev. 4.
EQUATIONS 3/31/2008 Rev. 4.
EQUATIONS 3/31/2008 Rev. 4.
TROUBLESHOOTING TROUBLESHOOTING If for some reason the instrument is not performing as you expect, please follow these troubleshooting procedures. If these procedures do not solve the problem, contact the manufacturer or nearest representative. Display does not come on . . . • • • • Check the battery connection. Make sure the battery is properly inserted. Dead battery. Battery needs to be replaced or recharged. Too much direct light on the display.
TROUBLESHOOTING • • The sample(s) may not be a good source. Ambient, internal operating temperatures may be too extreme. Check with the instrument accessory specifications for ideal operating conditions. Analyzer displays zero values for CO2, H2O concentrations . . . • Check for proper calibration(s). Using a Di-nitrogen (N2) source for both the CO2 and H2O concentration is highly recommended for the 0-ppm source.
SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS CO2 Analyzer: Type: Stable analyzer for accurate CO2 and H2O measurements Sensor: Low power infrared detector. No sensitivity to motion Chopping frequency: 1 Hz Source life: 5000 hours Sensor response time: 40 seconds Repeatability: ± 0.1ppm (short term) Sample cell: 100 L × 10.2 Dia mm (3.94”L × 0.40” Dia) Warm-up time: Approximately 3 minutes Accuracy: Better than ± 2% anytime. Resolution: 0.1 ppm. Power supply: 7.
SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS PAR Sensor Type: Filtered GaAsP photodiode Range: 0 ~ 2500 µmol m-2 s-1. Accuracy: 5 µmol m-2 s-1. Response: 400 ~ 700 nm AIR Temperature Sensor Type: Thermocouple. Range: -15 ~ 50°C Accuracy: ± 0.1°C Leaf Temperature Sensor Type: Infrared. Range: -10 ~ 50°C Accuracy: ± 0.3°C 3/31/2008 Rev. 4.
POWER PACK / ACCESSORY BAG POWER PACK The CI-340 Battery Pack is necessary to operate the modules to control light, temperature, CO2 concentration, humidity level and chlorophyll fluorescence measurement. CI-340 Battery Pack (Figure 14-1) includes two rechargeable batteries, AC power supply charger (Figure 14-2), carrying bag, and cable connections for optional modules. If you have all four modules, the power cable should be plugged in during operation (Figure 14-3).
POWER PACK / ACCESSORY BAG ACCESSORY CONTROL PORT AND CABLE Figure 14-4. CI-340 Accessory Control Port. The colored jacks on the accessory control cable (Figure 14Last printed 3/31/2008 9:13:00 AM-5) indicate the accessory / module to plug into. The red plug goes to the CI-510CS, the blue to the CI301LA, green to the CI-510CF, and the yellow plug to the CI-301AD. Figure 14-5. Accessory Control Cable with color indicating jacks. 3/31/2008 Rev. 4.
APPENDIX A APPENDIX A CI-510CS TEMPERATURE CONTROL MODULE The CI-510CS Temperature Control Module consists of two components (see Figure A-1 and A-2): A controller and Temperature Control Attachment. The CI-510CS allows you to increase or decrease the temperature ±25°C from ambient temperature. CAUTION: Avoid any obstruction or contact with the fan guards, especially small objects and fingers. Figure A-1: The front panel of the CI-510CS Temperature Control Module Controller Figure A-2.
APPENDIX A FILLING RESERVOIR Attach one of the hoses from the Temperature Control Attachment to the “OUT” fitting (Figure A-4). There is no polarity; it does not matter which hose is used. A water connection kit is provided in a plastic bag. The water connection hose (Figure A-3) is connected to the “IN” fitting. This connection hose can be used to prime the assembled unit with water (distilled water should be used) by inserting it into a water bath (a large bowl, bucket, sink, etc.).
APPENDIX A Figure A-5 EMPTYING RESERVOIR Care for the CI-510CS Temperature Control System as you would any other sensitive instrument. The water in the hose needs to be completely drained after your experiment is finished. Empty the reservoir, by leaving the “IN” port on the controller panel open to air. Connect one hose from the Temperature Control Attachment to the “OUT” port on the controller module.
APPENDIX A OPERATING TEMPERATURE CONTROL MODULE The CI-510CS Temperature Control Module is to be used with an Open System leaf chamber. Before connecting the Temperature Control Attachment to your chamber, moisten the two surfaces (improving thermal contact), which will be touching. You may do this by applying a few drops of water to each surface. Align the two small screws on the Temperature Control Attachment with the threaded holes on the chamber bottom and tighten, using the Allen wrench provided.
APPENDIX A To operate the CI-510CS, turn the power on. Temperature can be adjusted to a cooler or warmer state with the “Temperature” knob. You can vary the setting according to the readout of your CI-340 Photosynthesis System. There is a “Remote Input” socket on the Controller panel. This can be used by remote control for the purpose of automatically adjusting the system.
APPENDIX B APPENDIX B CI-301LA LIGHT ATTACHMENT The CI-301LA Light Attachment works with the flat, Open System chambers supplied by the manufacturer. It can be used indoors or outdoors as an alternative to sunlight and an intensitycontrolled light source. The light emitted covers the photosynthesis wave band. Figure B-1. Lamp Control Unit and Lamp. To mount the CI-301LA (see Figure B-2), loosen the securing foot, place the lamp over the chamber, and screw in the foot against the chamber.
APPENDIX B REMINDER: The CI-301LA Light Attachment intake and exhaust vents must remain unobstructed during use to avoid overheating and possible damage to the light source. Do not place the lamp exhaust vents face down Figure B-2. Configuration for the CI-301LA Light Attachment. 3/31/2008 Rev. 4.
APPENDIX C APPENDIX C CI-301AD ADJUSTABLE H2O AND CO2 CONTROL MODULE GENERAL DESCRIPTION The CI-301AD provides a gas source with a CO2 concentration adjustable from approximately 0 to 2000 ppm at flow rates up to 0.5 lpm. The unit also allows adjustment of the gas humidity level from approximately 5% relative humidity to 20-30% above ambient humidity levels up to 95%. The CI301AD uses a CO2 cartridge and soda lime to regulate CO2 levels, and silica gel and water to control humidity. Figure C-1.
APPENDIX C The CI-301AD is shipped with fresh soda lime and silica gel in their appropriate tubes. If it should become necessary to open a tube, hold it in both hands and use the thumbs to push the cap off. The cotton balls should be replaced each time the tubes are refilled. Refer to the REPLACING CONSUMABLE section for instructions on replacing the filters. When filling the tubes, gently tap the bottom against a firm surface several times to help the material settle.
APPENDIX C Figure C-1: Configuration for the CI-301AD Adjustable Humidity and CO2 Control Module. OPERATION NOTE: The CI-301AD does not supply gas under pressure to the output. This is because constant flow must be established inside the unit to maintain stability; unused gas is exhausted inside the case. Gas must be drawn from the output by the analyzer or an external pump.
APPENDIX C Soda Lime The soda lime should last for 8 to 24 hours of operation under most circumstances. Actual operating time will depend upon ambient CO2 levels. The soda lime supplied is an indicating variety: it will turn slightly blue as it becomes exhausted. The output of the CI-301AD may become unstable and show an increase in the CO2 level as the soda lime reaches exhaustion. When this happens, replace the soda lime. 3/31/2008 Rev. 4.
APPENDIX C Use the same procedure described under Operating Instructions – “Adding Consumable” to refill the soda lime tube. Replace the filters (see Filters section below). Remember to gently tap the tube to help settle the material. Keep all containers of fresh soda lime tightly sealed to prevent absorption of ambient CO2. Silica Gel The silica gel should last from four to eight hours of operation under most circumstances. Actual operating time will depend on ambient humidity levels.
APPENDIX D APPENDIX D CI-301SR SOIL RESPIRATION CHAMBER The CI-301SR Soil Respiration chamber allows easy measurements of soil respiration using the Closed System mode of the CI-340. Connect the CI-301SR (see Figure D-1) to the CI-340 in the Closed System configuration (refer to the CLOSED SYSTEM section if you need further assistance). Insert the PAR sensor firmly into its respective slot on top of the soil respiration chamber (refer to the LEAF CHAMBER - CARE AND USE section).
APPENDIX D Figure D-1. Configuration for the CI-301SR Soil Respiration Chamber 3/31/2008 Rev. 4.
APPENDIX E APPENDIX E CANOPY CHAMBER — ASSEMBLY INSTRUCTIONS The Canopy Chamber Attachment is another feature of Closed System measurements. This attachment is designed to be used with the canopy chamber enclosures measuring canopy photosynthesis. The enclosures could be of varying sizes, all of which the user can determine.
APPENDIX E Figure E-1. Configuration for the Canopy Chamber Attachment. 3/31/2008 Rev. 4.
APPENDIX F APPENDIX F CI-510CF CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE MODULE The CI-510CF is a host operated modulated chlorophyll fluorescence measurement module. This module performs two functions: generated chlorophyll fluorescence trace data, and individual pulse (calculated) data. From this, complex kinetic tests can be performed and analyzed. CONNECTING THE CI-510CF CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE MODULE TO THE CI-340 MAIN UNIT CI-510CF Chlorophyll Fluorescence Module comes with a ‘Y’ shaped fiber optic cable.
APPENDIX F Low Fluorescence value: Fo - dark, Fs - ambient High Fluorescence value: Fm dark, Fms - ambient Ratio of DHL:H: Fv/Fm - dark, Y - ambient The Ratio is the only value that is not in A/D counts. It should be interpreted as 0.xxx where xxx is the number displayed in the table. For example: if the number displayed is 99, the ratio is 0.099. The default saturation pulse length is 1 second. Figure F-1. CI-510CF CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE MODULE 3/31/2008 Rev. 4.
APPENDIX F SPECIFICATIONS: Power: 10 to 30 VDC, 75mA (175mA during saturation pulse) Fuse: 0.5A FB 3AG A/D converter: 2000 counts Measured parameters: Chlorophyll fluorescence trace data Fo, Fm, Fv//Fm (dark adapted) Fs, Fms, Y (ambient illumination) Modulated light intensity: 0.25 uE at 12 mm Saturation light intensity: 3,000 uE at 12 mm Modulation frequency: 8 Hz to 80 Hz Fiber optic probe: bifurcated light guide 3/31/2008 Rev. 4.
CID Hardware Warranty Important: Please read Seller’s Warranty and Liability: Seller warrants new equipment of its own manufacturing against defective workmanship and materials for a period of one year, of a single shift operation, from date of receipt of equipment - the results of ordinary wear and tear, neglect, misuse, accident and excessive deterioration due to corrosion from any cause is not to be considered a defect. Any defect must be called to the attention of CID, Inc.
