User Manual
6-70
k Confidence Interval
  Confidence Interval  
 Lower: confidence interval lower limit
 Upper: confidence interval upper limit 
 1-Sample 
Z  Interval 
Lower, Upper
 = o + Z( /2) · σ/
'
n
α
 2-Sample Z  Interval 
Lower, Upper = (o
1
 – o
2
) + Z( /2) σ /n
1
 + σ /n
2
 2
1
 2
2
α
 1-Prop 
Z  Interval 
Lower, Upper = x/n + Z( /2) 1/n · (x/n · (1 – x/n))
α
 2-Prop 
Z  Interval 
Lower, Upper = (x
1
/
n
1
 – 
x
2
/
n
2
)
+ Z( /2) (x
1
/
n
1 
· (1 – 
x
1
/
n
1
))/
n
1
 + (
x
2
/
n
2 
· (1 – 
x
2
/
n
2
))/
n
2
α
 1-Sample 
t  Interval 
Lower, Upper = o + t
n−1
( /2)
· s
x
/'n
α
 2-Sample 
t  Interval 
(pooled) 
Lower, Upper = (o
1
 – o
2
) + t
n
1
+n
2
−2 
( /2) s
p
2
(1/n
1
 + 1/n
2
)
s
p
= ((n
1
 – 1)s
x
1
2
 + (n
2
 – 1)s
x
2
2
)/(n
1
 + n
2
 – 2)
α
 2-Sample 
t  Interval 
(not pooled) 
Lower, Upper
 = (o
1
 – o
2
) + 
t
df
( /2) s
x
1
2
/
n
1
 + s
x
2
2
/
n
2
df
 = 1/(C
2
/(
n
1
 – 1) + (1 – C)
2
/(
n
2
 – 1))
α
C = (s
x
1
2
/
n
1
)/(s
x
1
2
/
n
1
 + s
x
2
2
/
n
2
)
 α  
: level of significance 
α 
 = 1 − [C-Level ] C-Level : confidence level (0   C-Level   < 1)
 Z  ( 
α 
/2): upper 
α 
/2 point of standard normal distribution
 t  
df 
 ( 
α 
/2): upper 
α 
/2 point of t  distribution with df  degrees of freedom










