E fx-570ES PLUS fx-991ES PLUS User’s Guide CASIO Worldwide Education Website http://edu.casio.com CASIO EDUCATIONAL FORUM http://edu.casio.
Contents Important Information ............................................................. 2 Sample Operations .................................................................. 2 Initializing the Calculator ........................................................ 2 Safety Precautions .................................................................. 2 Handling Precautions.............................................................. 2 Removing the Hard Case ...............................................
Important Information • The displays and illustrations (such as key markings) shown in this User’s Guide are for illustrative purposes only, and may differ somewhat from the actual items they represent. • The contents of this manual are subject to change without notice. • In no event shall CASIO Computer Co., Ltd. be liable to anyone for special, collateral, incidental, or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the purchase or use of this product and items that come with it.
• Never try to take the calculator apart. • Use a soft, dry cloth to clean the exterior of the calculator. • Whenever discarding the calculator or batteries, be sure to do so in accordance with the laws and regulations in your particular area. * Company and product names used in this manual may be registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective owners.
Reading the Display The display of the calculator shows expressions you input, calculation results, and various indicators. Input expression Indicators Math Math Calculation result • If a indicator appears on the right side of the calculation result, it means the displayed calculation result continues to the right. Use C and B to scroll the calculation result display. • If a E indicator appears on the right side of the input expression, it means the displayed calculation continues to the right.
Disp The display currently shows an intermediate result of a multi-statement calculation. Important: For some type of calculation that takes a long time to execute, the display may show only the above indicators (without any value) while it performs the calculation internally. Using Menus Some of the calculator’s operations are performed using menus. Pressing or @, for example, will display a menu of applicable functions. The following are the operations you should use to navigate between menus.
Linear Display (LineIO) causes fractions and other expressions to be displayed in a single line. Note: • The calculator switches to Linear Display automatically whenever you enter the STAT, BASE-N, MATRIX, or VECTOR Mode. • In this manual, the symbol next to a sample operation indicates Natural Display, while the 1 symbol indicates Linear Display. Deg Rad Gra Specifies degrees, radians or grads as the angle unit for value input and calculation result display.
Initializing Calculator Settings Perform the following procedure to initialize the calculator, which returns the calculation mode to COMP and returns all other settings, including setup menu settings, to their initial defaults. (CLR) (Setup) (Yes) Inputting Expressions and Values Basic Input Rules Calculations can be input in the same form as they are written. When you press the priority sequence of the input calculation will be evaluated automatically and the result will appear on the display.
1st Parenthetical expressions 2nd Functions that require an argument to the right and a closing parenthesis “)” following the argument. 3rd Functions that come after the input value (x2, x3, x–1, x!, °’ ”, °, r, g, %, t), powers (x9), roots ( ) 4th Fractions 5th Negative sign (–), base-n symbols (d, h, b, o) Note: When squaring a negative value (such as –2), the value being squared must be enclosed in parentheses ( 2 7; ).
Using Values and Expressions as Arguments (Natural Display only) A value or an expression that you have already input can be used as the 7 argument of a function. After you have input 6 , for example, you can make 7 . it the argument of , resulting in 6 ' 7 ' 6 To input 1 + 7 and then change it to 1 + 6 1 7 6 BBBB &(INS) As shown above, the value or expression to the right of the cursor after &(INS) are pressed becomes the argument of the function that is specified next.
P ÷ 6 = 1 = 0.5235987756 6 (P) 6 1 6 (' 2 + 2) s ' 3 =' 6 + 2' 3 = 5.913591358 2C 0.5235987756 3 ' 6 + 2' 3 2 f f 5.913591358 While Linear Display is selected, each press of 5 will toggle the currently displayed calculation result between its decimal form and fraction form. 1 ÷ 5 = 0.2 = 1 5 1 5 1 1 – 4 = 1 = 0.2 5 5 4 5 1 0.2 f 1Y5 1Y5 f 0.
Percent Calculations Inputting a value and pressing (%) causes the input value to become a percent. 20 (%) 30 Calculate what percentage of 880 is 660. (75%) 660 880 (%) 75 150 s 20% = 30 150 Increase 2500 by 15%. (2875) 2500 2500 15 (%) 2875 Discount 3500 by 25%.
Transform the value 123 to engineering notation, shifting the decimal point to the left. 123 123 $(k) 0.123×103 $(k) 0.000123×106 Calculation History In the COMP, CMPLX, or BASE-N Mode, the calculator remembers up to approximately 200 bytes of data for the newest calculation. You can scroll through calculation history contents using D and A. 2 4 6 4 2 1 1 2 2 3 3 (Scrolls back.) D (Scrolls back again.
Variables (A, B, C, D, E, F, X, Y) Your calculator has eight preset variables named A, B, C, D, E, F, X, and Y. You can assign values to variables and also use the variables in calculations.
°, r, g : These functions specify the angle unit. ° specifies degrees, r radians, and g grads. Input a function from the menu that appears when you perform the following key operation: (DRG ). See 3 . , : Exponential functions. Note that the input method is different depending upon whether you are using Natural Display or Linear Display. See 4 . log : Logarithmic function. Use the 5 key to input logab as log (a, b). Base 10 is the default setting if you do not input anything for a.
x ! : Factorial function. See 12 . Abs : Absolute value function. Note that the input method is different depending upon whether you are using Natural Display or Linear Display. See 13 . Ran# : Generates a 3-digit pseudo random number that is less than 1. The result is displayed as a fraction when Natural Display is selected. See 14 . RanInt# : For input of the function of the form RanInt#(a, b), which generates a random integer within the range of a to b. See 15 .
Tips for Successful Integration Calculations When a periodic function or integration interval results in positive and negative f(x) function values Perform separate integrations for each cycle, or for the positive part and the negative part, and then combine the results.
To calculate ' 2 = 4.242640687...) to three decimal 2 × 3 (= 3' places (Fix 3) (SETUP) (Fix) 2C 3 3' 2 4.243 1 2 3 4.
15 To generate random integers in the range of 1 to 6 (RanInt) 1 (,) 6 2 6 1 (Results shown here are for illustrative purposes only. Actual results will differ.
To obtain the conjugate complex number of 2 + 3i (Complex number format: a + bi) (CMPLX) (Conjg) 2 3 $(i) 2–3i To obtain the absolute value and argument of 1 + i B Absolute Value: @(Abs) 1 $(i) ' 2 Argument: (CMPLX) (arg)1 $(i) 45 Using a Command to Specify the Calculation Result Format Either of two special commands ( rθ or a+bi) can be input at the end of a calculation to specify the display format of the calculation results.
7 20 To exit CALC: To store A + Bi and then determine ' 3 + i, 1 + ' 3 i using polar coordinates (rθ) B (CMPLX) (A) 4(B)$(i) (CMPLX) ( rθ) < CMPLX Math 3 1 < (or ) 1 3 To exit CALC: Note: During the time from when you press < until you exit CALC by pressing , you should use Linear Display input procedures for input. Using SOLVE SOLVE uses Newton’s Law to approximate the solution of equations. Note that SOLVE can be used in the COMP Mode ( ) only.
Math 0 1 2 Current value of X Input an initial value for X (Here, input 1): 1 Solution screen To exit SOLVE: Note: During the time from when you press <(SOLVE) until you exit SOLVE by pressing , you should use Linear Display input procedures for input. Important: • Depending on what you input for the initial value for X (solution variable), SOLVE may not be able to obtain solutions. If this happens, try changing the initial value so they are closer to the solution.
3 Input an initial value for X (Here, input 1): 1 7 13 Statistical Calculations (STAT) To start a statistical calculation, perform the key operation (STAT) to enter the STAT Mode and then use the screen that appears to select the type of calculation you want to perform.
Note: Use the FREQ (frequency) column to input the quantity (frequency) of identical data items. Display of the FREQ column can be turned on (displayed) or off (not displayed) using the Stat Format setting on the setup menu.
• See the table at the beginning of this section of the manual for the regression formulas. • K, K1, K2 and L are not variables. They are commands of the type that take an argument immediately before them. See “Calculating Estimated Values” for more information.
Calculating Estimated Values Based on the regression formula obtained by paired-variable statistical calculation, the estimated value of y can be calculated for a given x-value. The corresponding x-value (two values, x1 and x2, in the case of quadratic regression) also can be calculated for a value of y in the regression formula. 4 To determine the estimate value for y when x = 160 in the regression formula produced by logarithmic regression of the data in 3 . Specify Fix 3 for the result.
STAT FIX (STAT) (Distr) (P() Results: Normalized variate ( t): –0.762 0.223 P(t): Base-n Calculations (BASE-N) Press (BASE-N) to enter the BASE-N Mode when you want to perform calculations using decimal, hexadecimal, binary, and/or octal values. The initial default number mode when you enter the BASE-N Mode is decimal, which means input and calculation results use the decimal number format.
Hexadecimal Positive: 00000000 x 7FFFFFFF Negative: 80000000 x FFFFFFFF Specifying the Number Mode of a Particular Input Value You can input a special command immediately following a value to specify the number mode of that value. The special commands are: d (decimal), h (hexadecimal), b (binary), and o (octal).
To determine the bitwise complement of 10102 (Not(10102)) (BASE) (Not) 1010 1111111111110101 To negate (take the two’s complement) of 1011012 (Neg(1011012)) (BASE) (Neg) 101101 1111111111010011 Note: In the case of a negative binary, octal or hexadecimal value, the calculator converts the value to binary, takes the two’s complement, and then converts back to the original number base. For decimal (base-10) values, the calculator merely adds a minus sign.
EQN Mode Calculation Examples x + 2y = 3, 2x + 3y = 4 (EQN) (anX + bnY = cn) 1 2 3 2 3 4 Math (X=) –1 (Y=) 2 A x – y + z = 2, x + y – z = 0, –x + y + z = 4 (EQN) (anX + bnY + cnZ = dn) 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 4 Math (X=) 1 (Y=) 2 (Z=) 3 A A x2 + x + 3 = 0 4 (EQN) (aX2 + bX + c = 0) 1 1 3 4 A 2 1 ' + 2 2 i 2 1 ' (X2=) – – 2 2 i (X1=) – x2 – 2' 2x + 2 = 0 (EQN) (aX2 + bX + c = 0) 1 2 2 2 (X=) ' 2 x3 – 2x2 – x + 2 = 0 (EQN) (aX3 + bX2 + cX + d = 0) 1 2 1
1. Press (MATRIX) to enter the MATRIX Mode. 2. Press (MatA) (2s2). • This will display the Matrix Editor for input of the elements of the 2 s 2 matrix you specified for MatA. MAT “A” stands for “MatA”. 3. Input the elements of MatA: 2 1 1 1 . 4. Perform the following key operation: (MATRIX) (Data) (MatB) (2s2). • This will display the Matrix Editor for input of the elements of the 2 s 2 matrix you specified for MatB. 1 1 2 . 5. Input the elements of MatB: 2 6.
3. Use the Matrix Editor that appears to input the elements of the matrix. 1 0 –1 to MatC 2 To assign 0 –1 1 (MATRIX) (Dim) (MatC) (2s3) 1 0 1 0 1 1 To edit the elements of a matrix variable: 1. Press (MATRIX) (Data), and then, on the menu that appears, select the matrix variable you want to edit. 2. Use the Matrix Editor that appears to edit the elements of the matrix. • Move the cursor to the cell that contains the element you want to change, input the new value, and then press .
7 Obtain the absolute value of each element of MatB (Abs(MatB)). @(Abs) MatB 8 Determine the square and cube of MatA (MatA2, MatA3). Note: You cannot use for this input. Use 7 to specify squaring, and 7(x3) to specify cubing. MatA7 MatA 7(x3) Creating a Number Table from a Function (TABLE) TABLE generates a number table for x and f(x) using an input f(x) function. Perform the following steps to generate a number table. 1. Press (TABLE) to enter the TABLE Mode. 2.
Math (X)V 1 2 Math 1 1 0.5 Note: • You can use the number table screen for viewing values only. Table contents cannot be edited. • The number table generation operation causes the contents of variable X to be changed. Important: The function you input for number table generation is deleted whenever you display the setup menu in the TABLE Mode and switch between Natural Display and Linear Display.
Vector Answer Memory Whenever the result of a calculation executed in the VECTOR Mode is a vector, the VctAns screen will appear with the result. The result also will be assigned to a variable named “VctAns”. The VctAns variable can be used in calculations as described below. • To insert the VctAns variable into a calculation, perform the following key operation: (VECTOR) (VctAns).
3 3 × VctA (Vector scalar multiplication), 3 × VctA – VctB (Calculation example using VctAns) 3 VctA VctB 4 VctA • VctB (Vector dot product) VctA (VECTOR) (Dot)VctB 5 VctA s VctB (Vector cross product) VctA VctB 6 Obtain the absolute values of VctC. @(Abs)VctC 7 Determine the angle formed by VctA and VctB to three decimal places (Fix 3).
To input the scientific constant C0 (speed of light in a vacuum), and display its value (CONST) (C0) To calculate C0 = 1 0 0 1 A (CONST) (E0) (CONST) (μ0) The following shows the two-digit numbers for each of the scientific constants.
33: (μ0) magnetic constant 34: (F0) magnetic flux quantum 35: (g) standard acceleration of gravity 36: (G0) conductance quantum 37: (Z0) characteristic impedance of 38: (t) Celsius temperature vacuum 39: (G) Newtonian constant of gravitation 40: (atm) standard atmosphere The values are based on CODATA recommended values (March 2007). Metric Conversion The calculator’s built-in metric conversion commands make it simple to convert values from one unit to another.
25: atm Pa 26: Pa atm 27: mmHg Pa 29: hp kW 30: kW hp 31: kgf/cm2 Pa 32: Pa kgf/cm2 28: Pa mmHg 33: kgf • m J 34: J kgf • m 35: lbf/in2 kPa 36: kPa lbf/in2 37: °F °C 38: °C °F 39: J cal 40: cal J Conversion formula data is based on the “NIST Special Publication 811 (1995)”. Note: The J cal command performs conversion for values at a temperature of 15°C.
tanh–1x 0 \x\ 9.999999999 s 10–1 logx/lnx 0 x 9.999999999 s 1099 10x –9.999999999 s 1099 x 99.99999999 ex –9.999999999 s 1099 x 230.2585092 x ' 0 x x2 x –1 3 x x! \x\ 1 s 1050 \x\ 1 s 10100 ; x & 0 \x\ 1 s 10100 1 s 10100 0 x 69 (x is an integer) nPr 0 n 1 s 1010, 0 r n (n, r are integers) 1 {n!/(n–r)!} 1 s 10100 nCr 0 n 1 s 1010, 0 r n (n, r are integers) 1 n!/r! 1 s 10100 or 1 n!/(n–r)! 1 s 10100 Pol(x, y) \x\, \y\ 9.
Errors The calculator will display an error message whenever an error occurs for any reason during a calculation. There are two ways to exit an error message display: Pressing B or C to display the location of the error, or pressing to clear the message and calculation. Displaying the Location of an Error While an error message is displayed, press B or C to return to the calculation screen. The cursor will be positioned at the location where the error occurred, ready for input.
Action: Make necessary corrections. Argument ERROR Cause: There is a problem with the argument of the calculation you are performing. Action: Make necessary corrections. Dimension ERROR (MATRIX and VECTOR Modes only) Cause: • The matrix or vector you are trying to use in a calculation was input without specifying its dimension. • You are trying to perform a calculation with matrices or vectors whose dimensions do not allow that type of calculation.
For details about initialized settings, see “Configuring the Calculator Setup”. 4. Initialize all modes and settings by performing the following operation: (CLR) (Setup) (Yes). Replacing the Battery A low battery is indicated by a dim display, even if contrast is adjusted, or by failure of figures to appear on the display immediately after you turn on the calculator. If this happens, replace the battery with a new one.
Approximate Weight: fx-570ES PLUS: 100 g (3.5 oz) including the battery fx-991ES PLUS: 95 g (3.4 oz) including the battery Frequently Asked Questions I How can I perform input and display results the same way I did on a model that does not have Natural Textbook Display? Perform the following key operation: (SETUP) (LineIO). See “Configuring the Calculator Setup” on page E-5 for more information.
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