User Manual

Table Of Contents
6-43
f (x)dx = p
−∞
Upper
f (x)dx = p
+∞
Lower
f (x)dx = p
Upper
Lower
.ﻞﺻﺎﻓ ﻞﻣﺎﻜﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻠﻟ ﺔﻐﻴﺼﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻡﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻝﺎﻤﺘﺣﻻﺍ ﺪﻳﺪﺤﺘﺑ ﻢﻗ
= 1E99, = –1E99 :ﻲﻟﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻣ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﻩﻼﻋﺍ ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺴﳊﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺀﺍﺮﺟﺎﺑ ﺔﺒﺳﺎﳊﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻡﻮﻘﺗ
.ﺱﻮﻜﻌﳌﺍ ﻲﻤﻛﺍﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻴﺑ ﻡﻮﺳﺭ ﺪﺟﻮﺗ
t - ﺐﻟﺎﻃ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ k
5(DIST) 2(t) 1(tpd) t - ﺐﻟﺎﻄﻟ ﻝﺎﻤﺘﺣﻻﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﺜﻛ u
x ﺔﻤﻴﻘﻟ( p ) ﺔﻓﺎﺜﻜﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﺐﺴﺤﻳ t ﺐﻟﺎﻄﻟ ﻝﺎﻤﺘﺣﻻﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﺜﻛ
ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻧ ﺽﺮﻌﺗ ، ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺪﻳﺪﲢ ﻢﺘﻳ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ .ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗ ﺓﺩﺪﺤﻣ ﺓﺪﺣﺍﻭ
.ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗ ﻞﻜﺷ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﻞﻜﻟ ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺴﳊﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍ
ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺴﳊﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻧ ﺕﺎﺟﺮﺨﻣ ﺔﻠﺜﻣﺍ
ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗ ﺪﻳﺪﲢ ﻢﺘﻳ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ
( x ) ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﺪﻳﺪﲢ ﻢﺘﻳ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ﻲﻧﺎﻴﺑ ﻢﺳ ﺳﺭﺍ
.ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻛ x - ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﻝﺎﺧﺩﺍ ﻢﺘﻳ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﲢ ﻢﺘﻳ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ﻂﻘﻓ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﺳﺮﻟﺍ ﻢﻋﺪﺗ
5(DIST) 2(t) 2(tcd)
t - ﺐﻟﺎﻄﻟ ﻲﻤﻛﺍﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺘﻟﺍ u
ﺔﻴﻤﻛﺍﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻤﺘﺣﻻﺍ ﺏﺎﺴﺣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻤﻛﺍﺮﺘﻟﺍ t-ﺖﻧﺩﻮﻴﺘﺳ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻞﻤﻌﻳ
.ﻰﻠﻋﺃ ﺪﺣﻭ ﻰﻧﺩﺃ ﺪﺣ ﲔﺑ ﺎﻣ ،t-ﺖﻧﺩﻮﻴﺘﺳ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺘﻟ
ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺴﳊﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻧ ﺕﺎﺟﺮﺨﻣ ﺔﻠﺜﻣﺍ
ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗ ﺪﻳﺪﲢ ﻢﺘﻳ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ
( x ) ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﺪﻳﺪﲢ ﻢﺘﻳ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ﻲﻧﺎﻴﺑ ﻢﺳﺭ ﻢﺳﺭﺍ
ﻰﻠﻋﻻﺍ ﺪﳊﺍ :ﻞﻳﺫ
ﻞﻣﺎﻜﺘﻠﻟ ﻦﳝﻻﺍ
.ﻞﺻﺎﻔﻟﺍ
ﻲﻧﺩﻻﺍ ﺪﳊﺍ :ﻞﻳﺫ
ﻞﻣﺎﻜﺘﻠﻟ ﺮﺴﻳﻻﺍ
.ﻞﺻﺎﻔﻟﺍ
ﺎﻴﻧﺪﻟﺍ ﺩﻭﺪﳊﺍ :ﻞﻳﺫ
ﺎﻴﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﻰﻄﺳﻮﻟﺍ
.ﻞﺻﺎﻔﻟﺍ ﻞﻣﺎﻜﺘﻠﻟ