E fx-500ES User's Guide http://world.casio.
CASIO Europe GmbH Bornbarch 10, 22848 Norderstedt, Germany
About this Manual • The MATH mark indicates an example that uses Math format, while the LINE mark indicates Linear format. For details about input/output formats, see “Specifying the Input/Output Format”. • Keycap markings indicate what a key inputs or what function it performs. Example: 1, 2, +, -, !, A, etc. • Pressing the 1 or S key followed by a second key performs the alternate function of the second key. The alternate function is indicated by the text printed above the key.
• The cursor key is marked with four arrows, indicating direction, as shown in the illustration nearby. In this User’s Guide, cursor key operation is indicated as f, c, d, and e. REPLAY • The displays and illustrations (such as key markings) shown in this User’s Guide and the separate Appendix are for illustrative purposes only, and may differ somewhat from the actual items they represent. • The contents of this manual are subject to change without notice. • In no event shall CASIO Computer Co., Ltd.
Safety Precautions Be sure to read the following safety precautions before using this calculator. Keep this manual handy for later reference. Caution This symbol is used to indicate information that can result in personal injury or material damage if ignored. Battery • After removing the battery from the calculator, put it in a safe place where it will not get into the hands of small children and accidentally swallowed. • Keep batteries out of the reach of small children.
Handling Precautions • Be sure to press the O key before using the calculator for the first time. • Even if the calculator is operating normally, replace the battery at least once every two years. A dead battery can leak, causing damage to and malfunction of the calculator. Never leave a dead battery in the calculator. • The battery that comes with this unit discharges slightly during shipment and storage. Because of this, it may require replacement sooner than the normal expected battery life.
Before Using the Calculator k Removing the Hard Case Before using the calculator, slide its hard case downwards to remove it, and then affix the hard case to the back of the calculator as shown in the illustration below. k Turning Power On and Off • Press O to turn on the calculator. • Press 1A(OFF) to turn off the calculator. k Adjusting Display Contrast 1N(SETUP)c6(]CONT') This displays the contrast adjustment screen. Use d and e to adjust display contrast.
k About the Display Your calculator has a 31-dot × 96-dot LCD screen. Example: Input expression Calculation result { k Display Indicators Sample Display: This indicator: STAT Means this: S The keypad has been shifted by pressing the 1 key. The keypad will unshift and this indicator will disappear when you press a key. A The alpha input mode has been entered by pressing the S key. The alpha input mode will be exited and this indicator will disappear when you press a key.
Important! • For a very complex calculation or some other type of calculation that takes a long time to execute, the display may show only the above indicators (without any value) while it performs the calculation internally.
Specifying the Input/Output Format For this input/output format: Perform this key operation: Math 1N1(MthIO) Linear 1N2(LineIO) • Math format causes fractions, irrational numbers, and other expressions to be displayed as they are written on paper. • Linear format causes fractions and other expressions to be displayed in a single line.
• Norm: Selecting one of the two available settings (Norm1, Norm2) determines the range in which results will be displayed in nonexponential format. Outside the specified range, results are displayed using exponential format. Norm1: 10–2 > x, x > 1010 Norm2: 10–9 > x, x > 1010 Example: 1 ÷ 200 = 5 × 10–3 0.
k Initializing the Calculation Mode and Other Settings Performing the following procedure initializes the calculation mode and other setup settings as shown below. 19(CLR)1(Setup)=(Yes) This setting: Calculation Mode Input/Output Format Angle Unit Display Digits Fraction Display Format Complex Number Format Statistical Display Decimal Point Is initialized to this: COMP MthIO Deg Norm1 d/c a+bi OFF Dot • To cancel initialization without doing anything, press A(Cancel) instead of =.
Example: sin 30 = LINE s30)= Pressing s inputs “sin(”. • Note that the input procedure is different if you want to use Math format. For more information, see “Inputting with Math Format”. Omitting the Multiplication Sign You can omit the multiplication sign (×) in any of the following cases. • Before an open parentheses ( ( ): 2 × (5 + 4), etc. • Before a function with parenthesis: 2 × sin(30), 2 × '(3), etc. • Before a variable name, constant, or random number: 20 × A, 2 × π, etc.
• Normally the input cursor appears as a straight vertical (I) or horizontal ( ) flashing line on the display screen. When there are 10 or fewer bytes of input remaining in the current expression, the cursor changes shape to I to let you know. If the I cursor appears, terminate the expression at a convenient point and calculate the result. k Correcting an Expression This section explains how to correct an expression as you are inputting it.
Deleting a Character or Function Example: To correct the expression 369 × × 12 so it becomes 369 × 12 LINE Insert Mode: 369**12 dd Y Overwrite Mode: 369**12 ddd Y Correcting a Calculation Example: To correct cos(60) so it becomes sin(60) LINE Insert Mode: c60) dddY s Overwrite Mode: c60) dddd s Inserting Input into a Calculation Always use the insert mode for this operation. Use d or e to move the cursor to the location where you want to insert new input, and then input what you want.
k Displaying the Location of an Error If an error message (like “Math ERROR” or “Syntax ERROR”) appears when you press =, press d or e. This will display the part of the calculation where the error occurred, with the cursor positioned at the error location. You can then make necessary corrections. Example: When you input 14 ÷ 0 × 2 = by mistake instead of 14 ÷ 10 × 2 = Use the insert mode for the following operation. LINE 14/0*2= Press e or d. This is causing the error.
Functions and Symbols Supported for Math Format Input • The “Bytes” column shows the number of bytes of memory that are used up by input.
Example 3: To input (1 + 2 )2 × 2 = 5 MATH Math (1+'2c5e) w*2= • When you press = and obtain a calculation result using Math format, part of the expression you input can be cut off as shown in the Example 3 screen shot. If you need to view the entire input expression again, press A and then press e. Incorporating a Value into a Function When using Math format, you can incorporate part of an input expression (a value, an expression within parentheses, etc.) into a function.
Function Power Root Key Operation Resulting Expression 16(") You can also incorporate values into the following functions. 1l($), 1i(%), !, 6, 1!(#), D Displaying Calculation Results in a Form that Includes ' 2, π, etc. (Irrational Number Form) When “MthIO” is selected for the input/output format, you can specify whether calculation results should be displayed in a form that includes expressions like ' 2 and π (irrational number form).
Example 3: sin–1 (0.5) = MATH 1 π 6 (Angle Unit: Rad) Math 1s(sin–1)0.5= • The following are the calculations for which ' form (form that includes ' within irrational number display) results can be displayed. a. Arithmetic calculations of values with square root symbol ('), x2, x3, x–1 b. Trigonometric function calculations The following are the input value ranges for which ' form is always used for display of trigonometric calculation results.
Example: 2' 3 × 4 = 8' 3 ' form 35' 2 × 3 = 148.492424 (= 105' 2) decimal form 150' 2 = 8.485281374 25 2 × (3 – 2' 5 ) = 6 – 4' 5 ' form 23 × (5 – 2' 3 ) = 35.32566285 (= 115 – 46' 3) decimal form 10' 2 + 15 × 3' 3 = 45' 3 + 10' 2 ' form 15 × (10' 2 + 3' 3 ) = 290.0743207 (= 45' 3 + 150' 2) decimal form ' 2+' 3+' 8=' 3 + 3' 2 ' 2+' 3+' 6 = 5.595754113 ' form decimal form The underlined areas in the above examples indicate what caused decimal form to be used.
Basic Calculations (COMP) This section explains how to perform arithmetic, fraction, percent, and sexagesimal calculations. All calculations in this section are performed in the COMP Mode (N1). k Arithmetic Calculations Use the +, -, *, and / keys to perform arithmetic calculations. Example: 7 × 8 – 4 × 5 = 36 LINE 7*8-4*5= • The calculator automatically judges the calculation priority sequence. For more information, see “Calculation Priority Sequence”.
Omitting a Final Closed Parenthesis You can omit any closed parenthesis ( ) ) immediately preceding operation of the = key at the end of a calculation. This is true only in the case of Linear format. Example: (2 + 3) × (4 – 1) = 15 LINE (2+3)* (4-1= k Fraction Calculations How you should input fractions depends on the input/output format that is currently selected.
Switching between Fraction and Decimal Format f • The format of the fraction depends on the currently selected fraction display format setting (improper fraction or mixed fraction). • You cannot switch from decimal format to mixed fraction format if the total number of digits used in the mixed fraction (including integer, numerator, denominator, and separator symbols) is greater than 10. • For details about the f key, see “Using S-D Transformation”.
Sexagesimal Calculations • Performing the following types of sexagesimal calculations produces a sexagesimal result. - Addition or subtraction of two sexagesimal values - Multiplication or division of a sexagesimal value and a decimal value Appendix <#012> 2°20´30˝ + 39´30˝ = 3°00´00˝ Converting Values between Sexagesimal and Decimal Pressing e while a calculation result is displayed toggles the value between sexagesimal and decimal. Appendix <#013> Convert 2.255 to its sexagesimal equivalent.
Using Calculation History Memory and Replay (COMP) Calculation history memory maintains a record of each calculation expression you input and execute, and its result. You can use calculation history memory in the COMP Mode (N1) only. Recalling Calculation History Memory Contents Press f to back-step through calculation history memory contents. Calculation history memory shows both calculation expressions and results.
Using Calculator Memory Memory Name Description Answer Memory Stores the last calculation result obtained. Independent Memory Calculation results can be added to or subtracted from independent memory. The “M” display indicator indicates data in independent memory. Variables Six variables named A, B, C, D, X, and Y can be used for storage of individual values. This section uses the COMP Mode (N1) to demonstrate how you can use memory.
Inputting Answer Memory Contents into an Expression Example: To perform the calculations shown below: 123 + 456 = 579 789 – 579 = 210 LINE 123+456= 789-G= k Independent Memory (M) You can add calculation results to or subtract results from independent memory. The “M” appears on the display when independent memory contains a value. Independent Memory Overview • The following is a summary of the different operations you can perform using independent memory.
Calculation Examples Using Independent Memory • If the “M” indicator is on the display, perform the procedure under “Clearing Independent Memory” before performing this example. Example: 23 + 9 = 32 23+9m 53 – 6 = 47 53-6m –)45 × 2 = 90 45*21m(M–) 99 ÷ 3 = 33 99/3m (Total) 22 tm(M) Clearing Independent Memory Press01t(STO)m. This clears independent memory and causes the “M” indicator to disappear from the display.
Function Calculations This section explains how to use the calculator’s built-in functions. The functions available to you depends on the calculation mode you are in. The explanations in this section are mainly about the functions that are available in all calculation modes. All of the examples in this section show operation in the COMP Mode (N1). • Certain function calculations may take some time to display calculation results.
k Converting an Input Value to the Calculator’s Default Angle Unit After inputting a value, press 1G(DRG') to display the angle unit specification menu shown below. Press the number key that corresponds to the angle unit of the input value. The calculator will automatically convert it to the calculator’s default angle unit. Example: To convert the following values to degrees: π radians = 90°, 50 grads = 45° 2 The following procedure assumes that the calculator’s default angle unit is degrees.
k Power Functions and Power Root Functions '( X2, X3, X–1, X^, '(, 3'(, ^' Appendix <#024> to <#028> k Rectangular-Polar Coordinate Conversion Rectangular Coordinates (Rec) Polar Coordinates (Pol) • Coordinate conversion can be performed in the COMP and STAT calculation modes. Converting to Polar Coordinates (Pol) Pol(X, Y) X: Specifies the rectangular coordinate X value Y: Specifies the rectangular coordinate Y value • Calculation result θ is displayed in the range of –180° < θ < 180°.
k Other Functions This section explains how to use the functions shown below. !, Abs(, Ran#, nPr, nCr, Rnd( Factorial (!) This function obtains the factorials of a value that is zero or a positive integer. Appendix <#031> (5 + 3)! = 40320 Absolute Value Calculation (Abs) When you are performing a real number calculation, this function simply obtains the absolute value. Appendix <#032> Abs (2 – 7) = 5 Random Number (Ran#) This function generates a 3-digit pseudo random number that is less than 1.
Display Digits Setting: Fix or Sci The value is rounded to the specified number of digits. Example: 200 ÷ 7 × 14 = 400 LINE 200/7*14= (Specifies three decimal places.) FIX 1N6(Fix)3 (Calculation is performed internally using 15 digits.) FIX 200/7= FIX *14= The following performs the same calculation with rounding. FIX 200/7= (Round the value to the specified number of digits.) FIX 10(Rnd)= (Check rounded result.
Transforming Displayed Values You can use the procedures in this section to transform a displayed value to engineering notation, or to transform between standard form and decimal form. k Using Engineering Notation A simple key operation transforms a displayed value to engineering notation. Appendix <#035> Transform the value 1,234 to engineering notation, shifting the decimal point to the right. <#036> Transform the value 123 to engineering notation, shifting the decimal point to the left.
Examples of S-D Transformation Note that S-D transformation can take some time to perform. Example: Fraction → Decimal MATH Math '5c6= • Each press of the f key toggles between the two forms. f f Appendix <#037> π Fraction → Decimal <#038> ' → Decimal Statistical Calculation (STAT) All calculations in this section are performed in the STAT Mode (N2). Selecting a Statistical Calculation Type In the STAT Mode, display the statistical calculation type selection screen.
k Inputting Sample Data Displaying the STAT Editor Screen The STAT editor screen appears after you enter the STAT Mode from another mode. Use the STAT menu to select a statistical calculation type. To display the STAT editor screen from another STAT Mode screen, press 11(STAT)2(Data). STAT Editor Screen There are two STAT editor screen formats, depending on the type of statistical calculation you selected.
Example: To input the value 123.45 in cell X1 (Move the cursor to cell X1.) STAT 123.45 The value you input appears in the formula area. STAT = Registering a value causes the cursor to move down one cell. STAT Editor Screen Input Precautions • The number of lines in STAT editor screen (the number of sample data values you can input) depends on the type of statistical data you selected, and on the Statistical Display setting of the calculator’s setup screen.
Inserting a Line (1) On the STAT editor screen, move the cursor to the line that will be under the line you will insert. (2) Press 11(STAT)3(Edit). (3) Press 1(Ins). Important! • Note that the insert operation will not work if the maximum number of lines allowed for the STAT editor screen are already used. Deleting All STAT Editor Contents (1) Press 11(STAT)3(Edit). (2) Press 2(Del-A). • This clears all of the sample data on the STAT editor screen.
STAT Menu Items Common Items Select this menu item: When you want to do this: 1Type Display the statistical calculation type selection screen 2Data Display the STAT editor screen 3Edit Display the Edit sub-menu for editing STAT editor screen contents 4Sum Display the Sum sub-menu of commands for calculating sums 5Var Display the Var sub-menu of commands for calculating the mean, standard deviation, etc.
Var Sub-menu (11(STAT)5(Var)) Select this menu item: When you want to obtain this: 1n Number of samples 2o Mean of the sample data 3xσn Population standard deviation 4xσn–1 Sample standard deviation MinMax Sub-menu (11(STAT)6(MinMax)) Select this menu item: When you want to obtain this: 1minX Minimum value 2maxX Maximum value Appendix Single-variable Statistical Calculation <#040> Select single-variable (1-VAR) and input the following data: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10} (FREQ: ON) <#041>
Sum Sub-menu (11(STAT)4(Sum)) Select this menu item: When you want to obtain this: 1Σx2 Sum of squares of the X-data 2Σx Sum of the X-data 3Σy2 Sum of squares of the Y-data 4Σy Sum of the Y-data 5Σxy Sum of products of the X-data and Y-data 6Σx3 Sum of cubes of the X-data 7Σx2y Sum of (X-data squares × Y-data) 8Σx4 Sum of biquadrate of the X-data Var Sub-menu (11(STAT)5(Var)) Select this menu item: When you want to obtain this: 1n Number of samples 2o Mean of the X-data 3xσn Populat
Appendix Linear Regression Calculation: <#047> to <#050> • Examples <#048> through <#050> all use the data input in Example <#047>. *1 Estimated Value (y = –3 → m = ?) *2 Estimated Value (x = 2 → n = ?) Commands when Quadratic Regression Calculation (_+CX2) Is Selected With quadratic regression, regression is performed in accordance with the following model equation. y = A + BX + CX 2 See Appendix <#051> for information about the calculation formula used for each command.
Statistical Calculation Type Model Equation ab Exponential Regression Calculation Formula (A•B^X) y = ABX <#057> Power Regression (A•X^B) y = AXB <#058> Inverse Regression (1/X) y=A+ B X <#059> Appendix Comparison of Regression Curves • The following example uses the data input in Example <#047>. <#060> Compare the correlation coefficient for logarithmic, e exponential, ab exponential, power, and inverse regression.
Changing the Current Equation Type Setting Press N3(EQN) to re-enter the EQN Mode. This clears all current EQN Mode input and displays the equation type menu described above. k Inputting Coefficients Use the coefficient editor screen to input the coefficients of an equation. The coefficient editor screen shows input cells for each of the coefficients required by the currently selected equation type.
k Solution Display After inputting and registering values on the coefficient editor screen, press = to display the solution(s) for the equation. • Each press of = displays the next solution, if there is one. Pressing = while the final solution is displayed returns to the coefficient editor screen. • In the case of simultaneous linear equations, you can use f and c to switch the display between the solutions for X and Y (and Z).
(3) After making sure the function is the way you want, press =. • This displays the start value input screen. Indicates the initial default start value of 1. • If the initial value is not 1, press 1 to specify the initial start value for this example. (4) After specifying the start value, press =. • This displays the end value input screen. Indicates the initial default end value of 5. • Specify the end value. (5) After specifying the end value, press =. • This displays the step value input screen.
k Start, End, and Step Value Rules • Linear format is always used for value input. • You can specify either values or calculation expressions (which must produce a numeric result) for Start, End, and Step. • Specifying an End value that is less than the Start value causes an error, so the number table is not generated. • The specified Start, End, and Step values should produce a maximum of 30 x-values for the number table being generated.
4. 5. 6. 7. Prefix symbol: (–) (negative sign) Statistical estimated value calculation: m, n, m1, m2 Permutations, combinations: nPr, nCr Multiplication and division: ×, ÷ Multiplication where sign is omitted: Multiplication sign omitted immediately before π, e, variables (2π, 5A, πA, etc.), functions with parentheses (2'(3), Asin(30), etc.) 8. Addition and subtraction: +, – If a calculation contains a negative value, you may need to enclose the negative value in parentheses.
k Calculation Ranges, Number of Digits, and Precision The calculation range, number of digits used for internal calculation, and calculation precision depends on the type of calculation you are performing. Calculation Range and Precision Calculation Range ±1 × 10–99 to ±9.999999999 × 1099 or 0 Number of Digits for Internal Calculation 15 digits In general, ±1 at the 10th digit for a single calculation. Precision for exponential display is ±1 at the least significant digit.
Functions Pol(x, y) Rec(r, ) °’ ” Input Range x , y 9.999999999 1099 x2+y2 9.999999999 1099 0 r 9.
• Your input exceeds the allowable input range (particularly when using functions). • The calculation you are performing contains an illegal mathematical operation (such as division by zero). • Action • Check the input values, reduce the number of digits, and try again. • When using independent memory or a variable as the argument of a function, make sure that the memory or variable value is within the allowable range for the function.
Reference k Power Requirements and Battery Replacement This calculator is powered by a single AAA-size battery (R03 (UM4)). Replacing the Battery Dim figures on the display of the calculator indicate that battery power is low. Continued use of the calculator when the battery is low can result in improper operation. Replace the battery as soon as possible when display figures becomes dim. Even if the calculator is operating normally, replace the battery at least once every two years.
Specifications Power Requirements: AAA-size battery: R03 (UM-4) × 1 Battery Life: Approximately 17,000 hours (continuous display of flashing cursor) Power Consumption: 0.0002 W Operating Temperature: 0°C to 40°C Dimensions: 13.7 (H) × 80 (W) × 161 (D) mm 9/16 (H) 31/8 (W) 65/16 (D) Approximate Weight: 110 g (3.
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