E fx-3650P II User's Guide CASIO Worldwide Education Website http://edu.casio.com CASIO EDUCATIONAL FORUM http://edu.casio.
Getting Started Thank you for purchasing this CASIO product. k Before using the calculator for the first time... Before using the calculator, slide its hard case downwards to remove it, and then affix the hard case to the back of the calculator as shown in the illustration nearby. A After you are finished using the calculator... Remove the hard case from the back of the calculator, and re-install it onto the front.
Operating Precautions • Even if the calculator is operating normally, replace the battery at least once every three years (LR44 (GPA76)). A dead battery can leak, causing damage to and malfunction of the calculator. Never leave a dead battery in the calculator. Do not try using the calculator while the battery is completely dead. • The battery that comes with the calculator discharges slightly during shipment and storage.
Contents Getting Started..........................................................................................1 Safety Precautions ...................................................................................1 Operating Precautions .............................................................................2 Before starting a calculation... ................................................................4 Calculation Modes and Setup ................................................................
Before starting a calculation... k Turning On the Calculator Press O. The calculator will enter the calculation mode (page 5) that it was in the last time you turned it off. A Adjusting Display Contrast If the figures on the display become hard to read, try adjusting display contrast. 1. Press !N(SETUP) db(Contrast). L I GHT • This will display the contrast adjustment screen. DARK CASIO 2. Use d and e to adjust display contrast. 3. After the setting is the way you want, press A or !p(EXIT).
Function 7 A 8 LOGIC Colors To perform the function Text: Red Frame: Green Press a and then press the key (variable A). In the BASE Mode, press the key. Text: Green In the BASE Mode, press the key. k Reading the Display A Input Expressions and Calculation Results This calculator can display both the expressions you input and calculation results on the same screen.
k Calculator Setup The calculator setup can be used to configure input and output settings, calculation parameters, and other settings. The setup can be configured using setup screens, which you access by pressing !,(SETUP). There are six setup screens, and you can use d and e to navigate between them.
A Specifying the Complex Number Display Format Complex Number Format Perform this key operation: Rectangular Coordinates !,eeeb(a+bi) Polar Coordinates !,eeec(r∠ ) A Specifying the Statistical Frequency Setting Frequency Setting Perform this key operation: Frequency On !,ddb(FreqOn) Frequency Off !,ddc(FreqOff) k Clearing the Calculation Mode and Setup Settings Perform the procedure described below to clear the current calculation mode and all setup settings and initialize the calculator to the
A Inputting Scientific Functions with Parentheses (sin, cos, ', etc.) Your calculator supports input of the scientific functions with parentheses shown below. Note that after you input the argument, you need to press ) to close the parentheses.
• While the b symbol is on the screen, you can use the d key to move the cursor to the left and scroll the screen. • Scrolling to the left causes part of the expression to run off the right side of the display, which is indicated by the \ symbol on the right. While the \ symbol is on the screen, you can use the e key to move the cursor to the right and scroll the screen. • You can also press f to jump to the beginning of the expression, or c to jump to the end.
A Deleting a Key Operation Example: To correct 369 × × 12 so it becomes 369 × 12 Insert Mode 369**12 ddD 369 ×× 12I 369 ×I12 Overwrite Mode 369**12 dddD 369 ×× 12 369 × 12 A Editing a Key Operation within an Expression With the insert mode, use d and e to move the cursor to the right of the key operation you want to edit, press D to delete it, and then perform the correct key operation.
Basic Calculations Unless otherwise noted, the calculations in this section can be performed in any of the calculator’s calculation mode, except for the BASE Mode. k Arithmetic Calculations Arithmetic calculations can be used to perform addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication (*), and division (/). Example: 7 × 8 − 4 × 5 = 36 7*8-4*5w 36 k Fractions Fractions are input using a special separator symbol ({).
k Percent Calculations Inputting a value and with a percent (%) sign makes the value a percent. A Percent Calculation Examples Example 1: 2 % = 0.02 ( 2 ) 10 0 2!((%)w 002 150*20 !((%)w 30 Example 3: What percent of 880 is 660? 660/880 !((%)w 75 Example 2: 150 × 20% = 30 (150 × 20 ) 100 Example 4: Increase 2,500 by 15%. 2500+2500* 15!((%)w 2875 Example 5: Reduce 3,500 by 25%. 3500-3500* 25!((%)w 2625 Example 6: Reduce the sum of 168, 98, and 734 by 20%.
k Degree, Minute, Second (Sexagesimal) Calculations A Inputting Sexagesimal Values The following is basic syntax for inputting a sexagesimal value. {Degrees} $ {Minutes} $ {Seconds} $ Example: To input 2°30´30˝ 2$30$30$w 2 ˚ 30 ˚ 30 ˚ 2 ˚ 30 ˚ 30 • Note that you must always input something for the degrees and minutes, even if they are zero. A Sexagesimal Calculation Examples The following types of sexagesimal calculations will produce sexagesimal results.
While scrolling through calculation history records, the $ symbol will appear on the display, which indicates that there are records below (newer than) the current one. When this symbol is turned on, press c to scroll downwards (forward) through calculation history records. Important! • Calculation history records are all cleared whenever you press p, when you change to a different calculation mode, and whenever you perform any reset operation. • Calculation history capacity is limited.
• When you perform a complex number calculation in the CMPLX Mode, both the real part and the imaginary part of the result are stored in Ans. Note, however, that the imaginary part of the value is cleared if you change to another calculation mode. A Automatic Insertion of Ans in Consecutive Calculations Example: To divide the result of 3 × 4 by 30 12 3*4w (Next) /30w Ans ÷ 30 04 Pressing / inputs Ans automatically.
A Subtracting from Independent Memory While a value you input or the result of a calculation is on the display, press 1m(M–) to subtract it from independent memory (M). Example: To subtract the result of 3 × 2 from independent memory (M) 3*21m(M–) 6 Note Pressing m or 1m(M–) while a calculation result is on the display will add it to or subtract it from independent memory.
k Clearing All Memory Contents Perform the following key operation when you want to clear the contents of independent memory, variable memory, and Answer Memory. 19(CLR)1(Mem)w • If you do not want to clear the calculator’s settings, press A in place of w in the above operation. Scientific Function Calculations Unless otherwise noted, the functions in this section can be used in any of the calculator’s calculation modes, except for the BASE Mode.
A Notes • These functions can be used in the CMPLX Mode, as long as a complex number is not used in the argument. A calculation like i × sin(30) is supported for example, but sin(1 + i) is not. • The angle unit you need to use in a calculation is the one that is currently selected as the default angle unit. k Angle Unit Conversion You can convert a value that was input using one angle unit to another angle unit. After you input a value, press 1G(DRG') to display the menu screen shown below.
Example 1: log216 = 4, log16 = 1.204119983 4 l2,16)E l16)E l o g ( 16 ) 1204119983 Base 10 (common logarithm) is assumed when no base is specified. Example 2: ln 90 (loge 90) = 4.49980967 I90)E 449980967 k Power Functions and Power Root Functions A Syntax and Input 2 2 {n} x ............................... {n} 3 3 {n} x ............................... {n} –1 –1 {n} x ............................. {n} { } {(m)}^({n}) ....................... {m} n '({n}) .......................... {n} 3 3 '({n}) ..
k Coordinate Conversion (Rectangular ↔ Polar) Your calculator can convert between rectangular coordinates and polar coordinates.
• When executing a coordinate conversion function inside of a calculation expression, the calculation is performed using the first value produced by the conversion (r-value or xvalue). Example: Pol (' 2, ' 2)+5=2+5=7 k Integration Calculation and Differential Calculation A Integration Calculation Your calculator performs integration using the Gauss-Kronrod method. Syntax and Input ∫ ( f (x), a, b, tol) f (x): a: b: tol: Function of X (Input the function used by variable X.
• A smaller tol value increases precision, but it also increases calculation time. When specifying tol, use value that is 1 × 10–14 or greater. Precautions for Integration Calculation Only • Integration normally requires considerable time to perform. 1 • For f(x) 0 where a x b (as in the case of ∫0 3x2 – 2 = –1), calculation will produce a negative result.
k Other Functions x!, Abs(, Ran#, nPr, nCr, Rnd( The x!, nPr, and nCr functions can be used in the CMPLX Mode, but complex number arguments are not supported. A Factorial (!) Syntax: {n}! ({n} must be a natural number or 0.) Example: (5 + 3)! (5+3) 1X(x!)E 40320 A Absolute Value (Abs) When you are performing a real number calculation, Abs( simply obtains the absolute value. This function can be used in the CMPLX Mode to determine the absolute value (size) of a complex number.
A Permutation (nPr)/Combination (nCr) Syntax: {n}P{m}, {n}C{m} Example: How many four-person permutations and combinations are possible for a group of 10 people? 101*(nPr)4E 5040 101/(nCr)4E 210 A Rounding Function (Rnd) You can use the rounding function (Rnd) to round the value, expression, or calculation result specified by the argument. Rounding is performed to the number of significant digits in accordance with the number of display digits setting.
Using 103 Engineering Notation (ENG) Engineering notation (ENG) expresses quantities as a product of a positive number between 1 and 10 and a power of 10 that is always a multiple of three. There are two types of engineering notation, ENG/ and ENG,. The CMPLX Mode does not support use of engineering notation.
A Inputting Complex Number Values Using Polar Coordinate Format Example: To input 5 ∠ 30 51-(∠)30 5 30I Important! When inputting argument , enter a value that indicates an angle in accordance with the calculator’s current default angle unit setting. k Complex Number Calculation Result Display When a calculation produces a complex number result, R⇔I symbol turns on in the upper right corner of the display and the only the real part appears at first.
k Calculation Result Display Examples A Rectangular Coordinate Format (a+bi) 1,(SETUP)eee1(a+bi) Example 1: 2 × (' 3 + i) = 2' 3 + 2i = 3.464101615 + 2i 2*(93)+W(i))E 3464101615 1E(Re⇔Im) 2 Example 2: ' 2 ∠ 45 = 1 + 1i (Angle Unit: Deg) 92)1-(∠) 45E 1 1E(Re⇔Im) 1 2*(93)+W(i))E 4 1E(Re⇔Im) 30 A Polar Coordinate Format (r∠ ) 1,(SETUP)eee2(r∠ ) 3 + i) = 2' 3 + 2i = 4 ∠ 30 Example 1: 2 × (' ∠ symbol turns on during display of -value. Example 2: 1 + 1i = 1.
k Absolute Value and Argument (Abs, arg) Example: To obtain the absolute value and argument of 2 + 2i (Angle Unit: Deg) Imaginary axis b=2 o Absolute Value: Argument: 1)(Abs)2+2W(i))E 1((arg)2+2W(i))E a=2 Real axis 2828427125 45 k Overriding the Default Complex Number Display Format A Specifying Rectangular Coordinate Format for a Calculation Input 1-('a+bi) at the end of the calculation.
Statistical Calculations (SD/REG) k Statistical Calculation Sample Data A Inputting Sample Data You can input sample data either with statistical frequency turned on (FreqOn) or off (FreqOff). The calculator’s initial default setting is FreqOn. You can select the input method you want to use with the setup screen statistical frequency setting (page 7). A Maximum Number of Input Data Items The maximum number of data items you can input depends on whether frequency is on (FreqOn) or off (FreqOff). SD Mode...
25.51,(;)6m(DT) 26.51,(;)2m(DT) L i ne = 3 Frequency Off (FreqOff) In this case, input each individual data item as shown below. {x1}m(DT) {x2}m(DT) ... {xn}m(DT) A Viewing Current Sample Data After inputting sample data, you can press c to scroll through the data in the sequence you input it. The $ symbol indicates there is data below the sample that is currently on the display. The ` symbol indicates there is data above.
L i ne = 1m(CL) 2 Note • The following shows images of how the data appears before and after the delete operation. Before After x1: 24.5 Freq1: 4 x1: 24.5 Freq1: 4 x2: 25.5 Freq2: 6 x2: 26.5 Freq2: 2 x3: 26.5 Freq3: 2 Shifted upwards. • When the statistical frequency setting is turned on (FreqOn), the applicable x-data and Freq data pair is deleted. A Deleting All Sample Data Perform the following key operation to delete all sample data.
k Performing Paired-variable Statistical Calculations To perform the example operations in this section, first select REG as the calculation mode. A Regression Calculation Types Each time you enter the REG Mode, you must select the type of regression calculation you plan to perform. Selecting the Regression Calculation Type 1. Enter the REG Mode. • This displays the initial regression calculation selection menu. The menu has two screens, and you can use d and e to navigate between them. 2.
Frequency Off (FreqOff) In this case, input each individual data item as shown below. {x1},{y1} m(DT) {x2},{y2} m(DT) {xn},{yn} m(DT) A Viewing Current Sample Data After inputting sample data, you can press c to scroll through the data in the sequence you input it. The $ symbol indicates there is data below the sample that is currently on the display. The ` symbol indicates there is data above.
11(S-SUM)d1 x2y 11(S-SUM)d2 x3 Obtains the sum of squares of the sample x-data multiplied by the sample y-data. Obtains the sum of cubes of the sample x-data. Σx2y = Σxi2yi Σx3 = Σxi3 11(S-SUM)d3 x4 Obtains the sum of the fourth power of the sample x-data. Σx4 = Σxi4 Mean and Standard Deviation Commands (VAR Menu) x̄ σx 12(S-VAR)1(VAR)1 Obtains the mean of the sample x-data. Obtains the population standard deviation of the sample x-data.
12(S-VAR)1(VAR)ee3 r Obtains correlation coefficient r. 12(S-VAR)1(VAR)d1 xˆ Taking the value input immediately before this command as the y-value, obtains the estimated value of x based on the regression formula for the currently selected regression calculation. 12(S-VAR)1(VAR)d2 yˆ Taking the value input immediately before this command as the x-value, obtains the estimated value of y based on the regression formula for the currently selected regression calculation.
12(S-VAR)2(MINMAX)2 maxX Obtains the maximum value of the sample x-data. 12(S-VAR)2(MINMAX)e1 minY Obtains the minimum value of the sample y-data. 12(S-VAR)2(MINMAX)e2 maxY Obtains the maximum value of the sample y-data. A Regression Coefficient and Estimated Value Calculation Formula Table Linear Regression Command Regression Formula Constant Term a Regression Coefficient b Correlation Coefficient r Estimated Value m Estimated Value Calculation Formula Σyi – b.Σxi n n.Σxiyi – Σxi.Σyi b= .
Command Calculation Formula Estimated Value m1 – b + b2 – 4c(a – y) m1 = 2c Estimated Value m2 – b – b2 – 4c(a – y) m2 = 2c Estimated Value n n = a + bx + cx 2 Logarithmic Regression Command Regression Formula Constant Term a Regression Coefficient b Correlation Coefficient r Estimated Value m Estimated Value n Calculation Formula Σyi – b.Σlnxi a= n n.Σ(lnxi)yi – Σlnxi .Σyi b= n.Σ(lnxi)2 – (Σlnxi)2 n.Σ(lnxi)yi – Σlnxi.Σyi r= {n.Σ(lnxi)2 – (Σlnxi)2}{n.
ab Exponential Regression Command Regression Formula Constant Term a Regression Coefficient b Calculation Formula Σlnyi – lnb.Σxi n n.Σxilnyi – Σxi.Σlnyi b = exp n.Σxi2 – (Σxi)2 ( ( ) a = exp ) Correlation Coefficient r n.Σxilnyi – Σxi.Σlnyi r= {n.Σxi2 – (Σxi)2}{n.Σ(lnyi)2 – (Σlnyi)2} Estimated Value m m= Estimated Value n n = abx lny – lna lnb Power Regression Command Regression Formula Constant Term a Regression Coefficient b Correlation Coefficient r Calculation Formula .
Command Calculation Formula r= Correlation Coefficient r However, Sxx = Σ(xi–1)2 – (Σxi–1)2 n Sxy Sxx.Syy Syy = Σyi2– (Σyi) n Command 2 Sxy = Σ(xi–1)yi – Σxi–1.Σyi n Calculation Formula b Estimated Value m m= Estimated Value n n=a+ y–a b x k Statistical Calculation Example The nearby data shows how the weight of a newborn at various numbers of days after birth. 1 Obtain the regression formula and correlation coefficient produced by linear regression of the data.
Regression Coefficient b: 12(S-VAR)1(VAR)ee2(b)E 1887575758 Correlation Coefficient: 12(S-VAR)1(VAR)ee3(r)E 0904793561 2 Logarithmic Regression Select logarithmic regression: 12(S-VAR)3(TYPE)2(Log) x1= 20 Regression Formula Contant Term a: A12(S-VAR)1(VAR)ee1(a)E –4209356544 Regression Coefficient b: 12(S-VAR)1(VAR)ee2(b)E 2425756228 Correlation Coefficient: 12(S-VAR)1(VAR)ee3(r)E 0991493123 3 Weight Prediction The absolute value of the correlation coefficient for logarithmic regression is clos
A Example Base-n Calculations Example: To select binary as the number base and calculate 12 + 12 Al(BIN)1+1E 1+ 1 10 b Number base indicator (d: decimal, H: hexadecimal, b: binary, o: octal) • Inputting an invalid value causes a Syntax ERROR. • In the BASE Mode, input of fractional (decimal) values and exponential values is not supported. Anything to the right of the decimal point of calculation results is cut off.
1E M(HEX) H k Using the LOGIC Menu In the BASE Mode, the X key changes function to become a LOGIC menu display key. The LOGIC menu has three screens, and you can use d and e to navigate between them. k Specifying a Number Base for a Particular Value You can specify a number base that is different from the current default number base while inputting a value.
A Exclusive Logical Sum Negation (xnor) Returns the result of the negation of a bitwise exclusive logical sum. Example: 11112 xnor 1012 = 11111101012 1111X(LOGIC)3(xnor)101E 1111110101 b 1111110101 b 1111010011 b A Complement/Inversion (Not) Returns the complement (bitwise inversion) of a value. Example: Not(10102) = 11111101012 X(LOGIC)e2(Not)1010)E A Negation (Neg) Returns the two’s complement of a value.
1. Press ,g(PRGM) to enter the PRGM Mode. ED I T RUN DEL 1 2 3 2. Press b(EDIT). Program areas that already contain program data (P1 through P4) EDI T Pr o g r am P-1234 380 Remaining program memory capacity 3. Press the number key that corresponds to an unused program area number. • This displays the run mode selection menu. Use e and d to switch between menu screen 1 and screen 2. MODE : COMP CMPLX 1 MODE : BASE SD REG 2 3 45 Screen 1 Screen 2 4.
A Editing an Existing Program 1. Press ,g(PRGM)b(EDIT) to display the EDIT Program screen. 2. Use number keys b through e to select the program area that contains the program you want to edit. 3. Use e and d to move the cursor around the program, and perform the required operations to edit the contents of the program or to add new contents. • Pressing f jumps to the beginning of the program, while c jumps to the end. 4. After you finish editing the program, press A or !5(EXIT).
3. Use number keys b through e to select the program area whose program you want to delete. • The symbol next to the number of the program area that contained the program you just deleted will turn off, DELETE Pr o g r am and the remaining program memory capacity value will increase. P-1234 390 k Inputting Commands A Inputting Special Program Commands 1. While the program editing screen is on the display, press !d (P-CMD). • This displays page 1 of the command menu. 2.
^ (Output Command) Syntax Function Example {statement} ^ {statement} Pauses program execution and displays the result of the current execution. The Q symbol is turned on while program execution is paused by this command. 2 2 ? → A : A ^ Ans A Unconditional Jump Command g Goto ~ Lbl Syntax Function Example Goto n : .... : Lbl n or Lbl n : .... : Goto n (n = integer from 0 to 9) Execution of Goto n jumps to corresponding Lbl n.
Note These commands evaluate the expressions on either side, and return 1 if true and 0 if false, and store the result in Ans. A Control Structure Commands/If Statement g The If statement is used to control program execution branching according to whether the expression following If (which is the branching condition) is true or false. If Statement Precautions • An If must always be accompanied by a Then. Using an If without a corresponding Then will result in a Syntax ERROR.
For~To~Step~Next Syntax Function Example For {expression (starting value)} → {variable (control variable)} To {expression (ending value)} Step {expression (step)} : {statement} : ... {statement} : Next : .... Execution of the statements from For to Next repeats as the control variable is incremented by the step amount with each execution, starting from the starting value. Except for that, this command is the same as For~To~Next. 2 For 1 → A To 10 Step 0.
Angle Unit Commands Deg, Rad, Gra Syntax Operation Function (COMP, CMPLX, SD, REG) .. : Deg : .. .. : Rad : .. .. : Gra : .. !,(SETUP)b(Deg) !,(SETUP)c(Rad) !,(SETUP)d(Gra) These commands specify the angle unit setting. Display Format Command Fix Syntax Operation Function (COMP, CMPLX, SD, REG) .. : Fix {n} : .. (n = an integer from 0 to 9) !,(SETUP)eb(Fix)a to j This command fixes the number of decimal places (from 0 to 9) for output of calculation results.
A Clear Commands ClrMemory Syntax Operation Function (COMP, CMPLX, BASE) .. : ClrMemory : .. !j(CLR)b(Mem) This command clears all variables to zero. Note To clear a specific variable, use 0 → {variable}. ClrStat Syntax Operation Function (SD, REG) .. : ClrStat : .. !j(CLR)b(Stat) This command clears all statistical sample data currently in memory. A Independent Memory Commands M+, M– Syntax Operation Function (COMP, CMPLX, BASE) .. : {expression} M+ : .. / .. : {expression} M– : ..
A Statistical Data Input Command DT Syntax (SD, REG) .. : {expression (x-value)} ; {expression (Freq-value)} DT : .. ..................SD Mode, FreqOn .. : {expression (x-value)} DT : .. ..................SD Mode, FreqOff .. : {expression (x-value)} , {expression (y-value)} ; {expression (Freq-value)} DT : .. ............... REG Mode, FreqOn .. : {expression (x-value)} , {expression (y-value)} DT : .. ............... REG Mode, FreqOff Important! To input a semicolon (;) in the above syntax, press !,(;).
Appendix k Calculation Priority Sequence The calculator performs calculations you input in accordance with the priority sequence shown below. • Basically, calculations are performed from left to right. • Calculations enclosed in parentheses are given priority.
• As shown in the examples below, multiplication where the sign is omitted is given higher priority than signed multiplication and division. 1 = 0.159154943 2π 1 1÷2×π= π = 1.570796327 2 1 ÷ 2π = k Calculation Ranges, Number of Digits, and Precision The following table shows the general calculation range (value input and output range), number of digits used for internal calculations, and calculation precision. Calculation Range ±1×10–99 to ±9.
Functions Input Range ' x 0 < x < 1×10100 x2 1/x 3 ' x x! | x | < 1×10 50 100 | x | < 1×10 ;xG0 100 | x | < 1×10 0 < x < 69 (x is an integer) nPr 0 < n < 1×1010, 0 < r < n (n, r are integers) 1 < {n!/(n–r)!} < 1×10100 nCr 0 < n < 1×1010, 0 < r < n (n, r are integers) 1 < n!/r! < 1×10100 or 1 < n!/(n–r)! < 1×10100 Pol(x, y) Rec(r, θ ) °’ ” | x |, | y | < 9.999999999×1099 x2+y2 < 9.999999999×1099 0 < r < 9.
A Recovering from an Error Message You can recover from an error message by performing the key operations described below, regardless of the error type. • Press d or e to display the editing screen for the calculation expression you input immediately before the error occurred, with the cursor positioned at the location that caused the error. For more information, see “Finding the Location of an Error” on page 10.
Time Out Error Cause The current differential or integration calculation ends without the ending condition being fulfilled. Action Differential or integration calculation: Try increasing the tol value. Note that this also decreases solution precision. Data Full Cause You are attempting to store sample data in the SD Mode or REG Mode when the allowable number of data samples are already stored in memory. Action Keep the number of data samples within the allowable limit.
1. Press 1A(OFF) to turn off the calculator. • To ensure that you do not accidentally turn on power while replacing the battery, slide the hard case onto the front of the calculator. Screw 2. Remove the cover as shown in the illustration and replace the battery, taking care that its plus (+) and minus (–) ends are facing correctly. 3. Replace the cover. 4.
Manufacturer: CASIO COMPUTER CO., LTD. 6-2, Hon-machi 1-chome Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-8543, Japan Responsible within the European Union: CASIO EUROPE GmbH Casio-Platz 1 22848 Norderstedt, Germany This mark applies in EU countries only.
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