EN fx-300ES PLUS (2nd edition / NATURAL-V.P.A.M.) User’s Guide CASIO Worldwide Education Website https://edu.casio.com Manuals are available in multi languages at https://world.casio.
Table of Contents Before Using the Calculator.................................................... 4 About this Manual.................................................................................... 4 Initializing the Calculator.......................................................................... 4 Precautions.............................................................................................. 4 Safety Precautions..............................................................................
Independent Memory (M)..............................................................................33 Clearing the Contents of All Memories..........................................................34 Function Calculations............................................................ 35 Pi (π), Natural Logarithm Base e............................................................ 35 Trigonometric Functions........................................................................ 35 Hyperbolic Functions..........
Frequently Asked Questions.................................................62 Frequently Asked Questions..................................................................
Before Using the Calculator About this Manual • In no event shall CASIO Computer Co., Ltd. be liable to anyone for special, collateral, incidental, or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the purchase or use of this product and items that come with it. • Moreover, CASIO Computer Co., Ltd. shall not be liable for any claim of any kind whatsoever by any other party arising out of the use of this product and the items that come with it.
• Use only the type of battery specified for this calculator in this manual. Handling Precautions • Even if the calculator is operating normally, replace the battery according to the schedule shown below. Continued use after the specified number of years may result in abnormal operation. Replace the battery immediately after display figures become dim. fx-300ES PLUS: Every 3 years • A dead battery can leak, causing damage to and malfunction of the calculator. Never leave a dead battery in the calculator.
Turning Power On and Off • Press • Press to turn on the calculator. (OFF) to turn off the calculator. Note • The calculator also will turn off automatically after approximately 10 minutes of nonuse. Press the key to turn the calculator back on. Adjusting Display Contrast 1. Press (SETUP) ( CONT 2. Use and to adjust display contrast. 3. After the setting is the way you want, press ). .
• The following shows an example of how a key operation to select an onscreen menu item is represented in this manual. (COMP)* Example: * Indicates the menu item that is selected by the number key operation ( ) before it. Note that this is not part of the actual key operation you perform. • The cursor key is marked with four arrows, indicating direction, as shown in the illustration nearby. In this manual, cursor key operation is indicated as , , , and .
The alpha input mode has been entered by pressing the key. The alpha input mode will be exited and this indicator will disappear when you press a key. M There is a value stored in independent memory. STO The calculator is standing by for input of a variable name to assign a value to the variable. This indicator appears after you press (STO). RCL The calculator is standing by for input of a variable name to recall the variable's value. This indicator appears after you press .
Using Menus Some of the calculator's operations are performed using menus. Pressing or , for example, will display a menu of applicable functions. The following are the operations you should use to navigate between menus. • You can select a menu item by pressing the number key that corresponds to the number to its left on the menu screen. • The indicator in the upper right corner of a menu means there is another menu below the current one. The indicator means another menu above.
Calculation Modes and Calculator Setup Calculation Mode Before starting a calculation, you must first enter the correct mode as indicated in the table below. When you want to perform this type of operation: Perform this key operation: General calculations (COMP) Statistical and regression calculations (STAT) Generation of a numerical table based on one or two functions (TABLE) Note • The initial default calculation mode is the COMP Mode.
Natural Display (MthIO-LineO) (SETUP) (MthIO) Linear Display (LineIO) (SETUP) (LineIO) (LineO) Natural Display (MthIO-MathO, MthIO-LineO) causes fractions, irrational numbers, and other expressions to be displayed as they are written on paper. MthIO-MathO displays input and calculation results using the same format as they are written on paper. MthIO-LineO displays input the same way as MthIO-MathO, but calculation results are displayed in linear format.
Note • The calculator switches to Linear Display automatically whenever you enter the STAT Mode. Specifying the Default Angle Unit To specify this as the default angle unit: Perform this key operation: Degrees (SETUP) (Deg) Radians (SETUP) (Rad) Grads (SETUP) (Gra) 90°= π/2 radians = 100 grads Specifying the Number Format Specifies the number of digits for display of a calculation result.
format. Outside the specified range, results are displayed using nonexponential format. Norm 1: 10-2 > |x|, |x| ≧ 1010 Norm 2: 10-9 > |x|, |x| ≧ 1010 Example: (LineIO) 1 ÷ 200 = 5 × 10-3 (Norm 1) 0.005 (Norm 2) Specifying the Fraction Display Format To specify this fraction display format: Perform this key operation: Mixed (SETUP) (ab/c) Improper (SETUP) (d/c) Specifying the Stat Format Specifies whether or not to display a FREQ (frequency) column in the STAT Mode Statistics Editor.
To specify this: Perform this key operation: Use recurring decimal form (SETUP) (Rdec) (ON) Do not use recurring decimal form (SETUP) (Rdec) (OFF) Specifying the Decimal Point Display Format Specifies whether to display a dot or a comma for the calculation result decimal point. A dot is always displayed during input. To specify this decimal point display format: Perform this key operation: Dot (.
Number Format Norm 1 Fraction Display Format d/c Stat Format OFF Table Format f(x),g(x) Recurring Decimal Format ON Decimal Point Dot 15
Inputting Expressions and Values Basic Input Rules Calculations can be input in the same form as they are written. When you press the priority sequence of the input calculation will be evaluated automatically and the result will appear on the display. Example 1: 4 × sin30 × (30 + 10 × 3) = 120 *1 Input of the closing parenthesis is required for sin, sinh, and other functions that include parentheses. *2 These multiplication symbols (×) can be omitted.
• When Natural Display is selected, pressing while the cursor is at the end of the input calculation will cause it to jump to the beginning, while pressing while the cursor is at the beginning will cause it to jump to the end. • You can input up to 99 bytes for a calculation. Each numeral, symbol, or function normally uses one byte. Some functions require three to 13 bytes. • The cursor will change shape to when there are 10 bytes or less of allowed input remaining.
± a√b, ± d ± a√b, * ± a'√b ± d'√e c' The ranges of the coefficients (a, b, c, d, e, f) are as shown below. 1 ≦ a < 100, 1 < b < 1000, 1 ≦ c < 100 0 ≦ d < 100, 0 ≦ e < 1000, 1 ≦ f < 100 (a, b, c, d, e, f are integers) Example: 10√2 + 15 × 3√3 = 45√3 + 10√2 √ form 99√999 = 3129.089165 (= 297√111) decimal form Using Values and Expressions as Arguments (Natural Display only) A value or an expression that you have already input can be used as the 7 argument of a function.
Overwrite Input Mode (Linear Display only) You can select either insert or overwrite as the input mode, but only while Linear Display is selected. In the overwrite mode, text you input replaces the text at the current cursor location. You can toggle between the insert and overwrite modes by performing the operations: (INS). The cursor appears as " " in the insert mode and as " " in the overwrite mode.
Basic Calculations key to enter the COMP Mode when you want to perform Use the basic calculations. (COMP) Toggling Calculation Results While Natural Display is selected, each press of will toggle the currently displayed calculation result between its fraction form and decimal form, its √ form and decimal form, or its π form and decimal form. Example 1: π ÷ 6 = 1 π = 0.5235987756 (MthIO-MathO) 6 (π) 1 π 6 6 0.5235987756 Example 2: (√2 + 2) × √3 = √6 + 2√3 = 5.
Important! • Depending on the type of calculation result that is on the display when you press the key, the conversion process may take some time to perform. • With certain calculation results, pressing the key will not convert the displayed value. • When ON is selected for Rdec on the setup menu, pressing will switch the calculation result to recurring decimal form. For details, see "Recurring Decimal Calculations".
Note • Mixing fractions and decimal values in a calculation while Linear Display is selected will cause the result to be displayed as a decimal value. • Results of calculations that mix fraction and decimal values are always decimal. • Fractions in calculation results are displayed after being reduced to their lowest terms.
You also can convert between sexagesimal and decimal. The following is the input format for a sexagesimal value: {degrees} {minutes} {seconds} . Note • You must always input something for the degrees and minutes, even if they are zero. Example 1: 2°20’30” + 39’30” = 3°00’00” 2 20 30 0 39 30 3°0’0” Example 2: Convert 2°15’18” to its decimal equivalent. 2 15 18 2°15’18” (Converts sexagesimal to decimal.) 2.255 (Converts decimal to sexagesimal.
123 123 (←) 0.123×103 (←) 0.000123×106 Remainder Calculations You can use the ÷R function to obtain the quotient and remainder in a division calculation. Example: To calculate the quotient and remainder of 5 ÷ 2 (quotient = 2, remainder = 1) (MthIO-MathO) 5 (÷R) 2 5 (÷R) 2 (LineIO) Note • Only the quotient value of a ÷R calculation is stored in Ans memory. • Assigning the result of a remainder division calculation to a variable will assign the (÷R) 2 quotient value only.
• When the quotient is not a positive integer, or if the remainder is not a positive integer or positive fractional value 5 (÷R) 2 Example: → Calculated as: -5 ÷ 2 Recurring Decimal Calculations Your calculator uses a recurring decimal when you input a value. Calculation results also can be displayed using recurring decimal form whenever applicable.
428571 Example 3: To calculate 1.021 + 2.312 1 ( 2 ) 021 ( ) 312 Calculation result displayed as recurring decimal value: Note • You can specify up to 14 decimal places for the recurring decimal period. If you input more than 14 decimal places, the value will be treated as a terminating decimal and not a recurring decimal. • Recurring decimal value input can be performed regardless of the Rdec setting on the setup menu.
Decimal value according to Norm 1 setting: Return to initial display format (fraction): Example 2: 1 ÷ 7 = 1 = 0.142857 = 0.1428571429 (Norm 1) (MthIO7 MathO) 1 7 Display as fraction: Display as recurring decimal: Return to initial display format (Norm 1): Example 3: 1 = 0.142857 = 0.
Example 4: 1 ÷ 7 = 0.1428571429 (Norm 1) = 1 1 = 0.142857 (LineIO) 7 7 Display as fraction: Display as recurring decimal: Return to initial display format (Norm 1): Conditions for Displaying a Calculation Result as a Recurring Decimal If a calculation result satisfies the following conditions, pressing will display it as a recurring decimal value. • The total number of digits used in the mixed fraction (including integer, numerator, denominator, and separator symbol) must be no more than 10.
0 0 ( ( )3 ) 45 Example 2: 1.6 + 2.8 = 4.5 (MthIO-MathO) 1 2 ( )6 ( )8 Example 3: To confirm the following: 0.123 = = 123 1234 , 0.1234 = , 0.12345 999 9999 12345 (MthIO-MathO) 99999 123 1234 12345 999 9999 99999 Prime Factorization In the COMP Mode, a positive integer no more than 10 digits long can be factored to prime factors.
1014 1014 (FACT) When you perform prime factorization on a value that includes a factor that is prime number with more than three digits, the part that cannot be factored will be enclosed in parentheses on the display. Example 2: To perform prime factorization on 4104676 (= 22 × 10132) 4104676 4104676 (FACT) Any one of the following operations will exit prime factorization result display. (FACT) or . - Pressing - Pressing any of the following keys: or .
(Scrolls back.) 4 (Scrolls back again.) 2 Note • Calculation history data is all cleared whenever you press , when you change to a different calculation mode, when you change the display format, or whenever you perform the following operations: (CLR) (All) (CLR) (Setup) (Yes), (Yes). Replay While a calculation result is on the display, you can press edit the expression you used for the previous calculation.
Inputting Ans Memory Contents into an Expression Example: To perform the calculations shown below: 123 456 579 (Continuing) 789 Using PreAns Memory Example: For Tk+2 = Tk+1 + Tk (Fibonacci sequence), determine the sequence from T1 to T5. Note however, that T1 = 1 and T2 = 1.
Variables (A, B, C, D, E, F, M, X, Y) Your calculator has nine preset variables named A, B, C, D, E, F, M, X, and Y. You can assign values to variables and use the variables in calculations.
Clearing the Contents of All Memories Ans memory, independent memory, and variable contents are retained , change the calculation mode, or turn off the even if you press calculator. PreAns memory contents are retained even if you press and turn off the calculator without exiting the COMP Mode. Perform the following procedure when you want to clear the contents of all memories.
Function Calculations key to enter the COMP Mode when you want to perform Use the function calculations. (COMP) Note: Using functions can slow down a calculation, which may delay display of the result. Do not perform any subsequent operation while waiting for the calculation result to appear. To interrupt an ongoing calculation before its result appears, press . Pi (π), Natural Logarithm Base e π is displayed as 3.141592654, but π = 3.14159265358980 is used for internal calculations. e is displayed as 2.
(sinh) 1 1.175201194 (cosh-1) 1 0 Example 2: cosh-1 1 = 0 Angle Unit Conversion °, r, g : These functions specify the angle unit. ° specifies degrees, r radians, and g grads. Input a function from the menu that appears when you perform the following key operation: (DRG ).
2 (,) 16 (MthIO-MathO, MthIO-LineO) 2 4 16 4 Example 3: log2(43) = 6 (MthIO-MathO, MthIO-LineO) 2 6 Example 4: log2(4)3 = 8 (MthIO-MathO, MthIO-LineO) 2 4 8 Example 5: To calculate ln 90 (= loge 90) to three significant digits (Sci 3) (SETUP) (Sci) 90 4.50×100 Power Functions and Power Root Functions Note that the input methods for , , , and are different depending upon whether you are using Natural Display or Linear Display. Example 1: 1.
(MthIO-MathO) 2 3√2 4.243 (LineIO) 2 3 4.243 Example 6: 3√5 + 3√-27 = -1.290024053 (LineIO) ( ( Example 7: 1 1 1 3 4 )5 27 ) -1.290024053 = 12 (LineIO) 3 4 12 Note • The following functions cannot be input in consecutive sequence: x2, x3, input 2 , for example, the final press the key, and then press , x-1. If you 22 will be ignored. To input 2 , input 2 (MthIO-MathO).
Specify the angle unit before performing calculations. The calculation result for r and θ and for x and y are each assigned respectively to variables X and Y. Calculation result θ is displayed in the range of -180° < θ ≦ 180°.
Random Number (Ran#) Function that generates a pseudo random number in the range of 0.000 to 0.999. The result is displayed as a fraction when Natural Display is selected. Example: Generate three 3-digit random numbers. The random 3-digit decimal values are converted to 3-digit integer values by multiplying by 1000. 1000 (Ran#) 634 92 175 (Results shown here are for illustrative purposes only. Actual results will differ.
Rounding Function (Rnd) The argument of this function is made a decimal value and then rounded in accordance with the current number of display digits setting (Norm, Fix, or Sci). With Norm 1 or Norm 2, the argument is rounded off to 10 digits. With Fix and Sci, the argument is rounded off to the specified digit. When Fix 3 is the display digits setting, for example, the result of 10 ÷ 3 is displayed as 3.333, while the calculator maintains a value of 3.33333333333333 (15 digits) internally for calculation.
Integer Part of a Value (Int) and Largest Integer that does not Exceed a Value (Intg) Integer Part of a Value (Int) Extracts the integer part of a value. Example: To extract the integer part of -3.5 (Int) 3 5 -3 Largest Integer that does not Exceed a Value (Intg) Determines the largest integer that does not exceed a value. Example: To determine the largest integer that does not exceed -3.
Using Calculation Modes Statistical Calculations (STAT) To start a statistical calculation, perform the key operation (STAT) to enter the STAT Mode and then use the screen that appears to select the type of calculation you want to perform.
Note • When you want to change the calculation type after entering the STAT Mode, perform (STAT) the key operation (Type) to display the calculation type selection screen. Inputting Data Use the Statistics Editor to input data. Perform the following key operation (STAT) (Data).
To change the data in a cell: In the Statistics Editor, move the cursor to the cell that contains the data . you want to change, input the new data, and then press To delete a line: In the Statistics Editor, move the cursor to the line that you want to delete and then press . To insert a line: In the Statistics Editor, move the cursor to the location where you want to insert the line and then perform the following key operation: (STAT) (Edit) (Ins).
Statistics Menu Items Common Items Select this menu item: When you want to obtain this: (Type) Display the calculation type selection screen (Data) Display the Statistics Editor (Sum) Display the Sum sub-menu of commands for calculating sums (Var) Display the Var sub-menu of commands for calculating the mean, standard deviation, etc.
MinMax Sub-menu ( Select this menu item: (STAT) (MinMax)) When you want to obtain this: (minX) Minimum value (maxX) Maximum value (Q1) First quartile (med) Median (Q3) Third quartile Commands when Linear Regression Calculation (A+BX) Is Selected Sum Sub-menu ( (STAT) (Sum)) Select this menu item: When you want to obtain this: (∑x2) Sum of squares of the X-data (∑x) Sum of the X-data (∑y2) Sum of squares of the Y-data (∑y) Sum of the Y-data (∑xy) Sum of products of the X-data and Y-d
(σx) Population standard deviation of the X-data (sx) Sample standard deviation of the X-data (y) Mean of the Y-data (σy) Population standard deviation of the Y-data (sy) Sample standard deviation of the Y-data Reg Sub-menu ( Select this menu item: (STAT) (Reg)) When you want to obtain this: (A) Regression coefficient constant term A (B) Regression coefficient B (r) Correlation coefficient r (x̂) Estimated value of X (ŷ) Estimated value of Y MinMax Sub-menu ( Select this menu item:
Commands when Quadratic Regression Calculation (_+CX2) Is Selected (STAT) (Reg)) Reg Sub-menu ( Select this menu item: When you want to obtain this: (A) Regression coefficient constant term A (B) Linear coefficient B of the regression coefficients (C) Quadratic coefficient C of the regression coefficients (x̂1) Estimated value of x1 (x̂2) Estimated value of x2 (ŷ) Estimated value of y Note • x̂, x̂1, x̂2 and ŷ are not variables.
(110, 7310), (200, 8800), (290, 9310). Specify Fix 3 (three decimal places) for results. (SETUP) (STAT) (OFF) (SETUP) (Fix) (STAT) (A+BX) 110 200 290 20 3150 7310 8800 9310 (STAT) (Reg) (r) 0.923 (STAT) (STAT) (Type) (Reg) (ln X) (r) 0.998 (STAT) (Reg) (A) -3857.984 (STAT) (Reg) (B) 2357.532 Results: Linear Regression Correlation Coefficient: 0.923 Logarithmic Regression Correlation Coefficient: 0.998 Logarithmic Regression Formula: y = -3857.984 + 2357.
Creating a Numerical Table from Two Functions (TABLE) TABLE generates a numerical table based on one or two functions. You can use the function f(x) or the two functions f(x) and g(x). See "Configuring the Calculator Setup" for more information. Perform the following steps to generate a numerical table. 1. Press (TABLE) to enter the TABLE Mode. 2. Use the X variable to input two functions, one in the format f(x) and the other in the format g(x).
Input the increment step (Default = 1). Note: The Step specifies by how much the Start value should be sequentially incremented as the numerical table is generated. If you specify Start = 1 and Step = 1, X sequentially will be assigned the values 1, 2, 3, 4, and so on to generate the numerical table until the End value is reached. Step? • Inputting the Step value and pressing generates and displays the numerical table in accordance with the parameters you specified.
Note • You can use the numerical table screen for viewing values only. Table contents cannot be edited. • The numerical table generation operation causes the contents of variable X to be changed. • The maximum number of rows in the generated numerical table depends on the setup menu table setting. Up to 30 rows are supported for the "f(x)" setting, while 20 rows are supported for the "f(x),g(x)" setting.
Technical Information Errors The calculator will display an error message whenever an error occurs for any reason during a calculation. There are two ways to exit an error message display: Pressing or to display the location of the error, or pressing to clear the message and calculation. Displaying the Location of an Error While an error message is displayed, press or to return to the calculation screen. The cursor will be positioned at the location where the error occurred, ready for input.
• Your input exceeds the allowable input range (particularly when using functions). • The calculation you are performing contains an illegal mathematical operation (such as division by zero). Action: • Check the input values, reduce the number of digits, and try again. • When using independent memory or a variable as the argument of a function, make sure that the memory or variable value is within the allowable range for the function.
Action: • Narrow the table calculation range by changing the Start, End, and Step values, and try again. Before Assuming Malfunction of the Calculator... Perform the following steps whenever an error occurs during a calculation or when calculation results are not what you expected. If one step does not correct the problem, move on to the next step. Note that you should make separate copies of important data before performing these steps. 1.
3. Remove the battery, and then load a new battery with its plus (+) and minus (-) ends facing correctly. 4. Replace the cover. 5. Initialize the calculator: (CLR) (All) (Yes). • Do not skip the above step! Calculation Priority Sequence The priority sequence of input calculations is evaluated in accordance with the rules below. When the priority of two expressions is the same, the calculation is performed from left to right.
9 Multiplication (×), division (÷), remainder calculations (÷R) 10 Addition (+), subtraction (-) Note • When squaring a negative value (such as -2), the value being squared must be enclosed in parentheses ( ). Since x2 has a higher priority than 2 the negative sign, inputting 2 would result in the squaring of 2 and then appending a negative sign to the result. • Always keep the priority sequence in mind, and enclose negative values in parentheses when required.
Deg tanx Rad Gra sin-1x, cos-1x tan-1x sinhx, coshx sinh-1x cosh-1x tanhx tanh-1x logx, lnx 10x Same as sinx, except when |x| = (2n-1) × 90. Same as sinx, except when |x| = (2n-1) × π/2. Same as sinx, except when |x| = (2n-1) × 100. 0 ≦ |x| ≦ 1 0 ≦ |x| ≦ 9.999999999 × 1099 0 ≦ |x| ≦ 230.2585092 0 ≦ |x| ≦ 4.999999999 × 1099 1 ≦ x ≦ 4.999999999 × 1099 0 ≦ |x| ≦ 9.999999999 × 1099 0 ≦ |x| ≦ 9.999999999 × 10-1 0 < x ≦ 9.999999999 × 1099 -9.999999999 × 1099 ≦ x ≦ 99.99999999 √x -9.
Pol(x, y) Rec(r, θ) °’ ” ← °’ ” xy x √y |x|, |y| ≦ 9.999999999 × 1099 √x2 + y2 ≦ 9.999999999 × 1099 0 ≦ r ≦ 9.999999999 × 1099 θ: Same as sinx a°b’c”: |a|, b, c < 1 × 10100; 0 ≦ b, c The display seconds value is subject to an error of ±1 at the second decimal place.
error can make it impossible to display some calculation results in π form. It also can cause calculation results that should be in decimal form to appear in π form. Specifications Power Requirements: Built-in solar cell; button battery LR44 × 1 Approximate Battery Life: 3 years (based on one hour of operation per day) Operating Temperature: 0°C to 40°C (32°F to 104°F) Dimensions: 11.1 (H) × 77 (W) × 161.5 (D) mm 3/ " (H) × 3" (W) × 63/ " (D) 8 8 Approximate Weight: 95 g (3.
Frequently Asked Questions Frequently Asked Questions ■ How can I perform input and display results the same way I did on a model that does not have Natural Textbook Format? → Perform the following key operation: (SETUP) (LineIO). See "Configuring the Calculator Setup" for more information. ■ How can I change a fraction form result to decimal form? How can I change a fraction form result produced by a division operation to decimal form? → See "Toggling Calculation Results" for the procedure.
press after the argument to close the parentheses may cause unwanted values or expressions to be included as part of the argument. Example: (sin 30) + 15 (Angle Unit: Deg) Older (S-V.P.A.M.) Model: 30 15 15.5 15 15.5 Natural Textbook Display Model: (LineIO) Failure to press 45. 30 here as shown below will result in calculation of sin 30 63 15 0.
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