User's Manual Part 1

ManualsBrandsCascade Networks ManualsElectronicsMotorola Canopy compatible Wireless Internet Acces





 Draft5forRegulatoryReview



Cascade Networks

Cyclone

System

Release 8

User Guide,

Issue 2

November 2007

Sections:

Planning Guide

Installation and

Configuration Guide

Operations Guide

Reference Information

Release 8.2 Features

Cyclone OFDM

Summary of content (150 pages)

PAGE 1
Cascade Networks Cyclone® System Release 8 User Guide, Issue 2 November 2007 Release 8.
PAGE 2
Notices See the following information: • important regulatory and legal notices in Section 36 on Page 493. • personal safety guidelines in Section 15 on Page 169. Trademarks, Product Names, and Service Names LAST MILE GEAR, the stylized Cyclone Logo and all other trademarks indicated as such herein are trademarks of Cascade Networks, Inc(DBA Last Mile Gear).® Reg. U.S. Pat & Tm. Office. Cyclone is a registered trademark of Cascade Networks, Inc.
PAGE 3
TABLE OF SECTIONS Guide To This User Guide 31 Overview of Cyclone Networks 43 Planning Guide 127 Installation and Configuration Guide 167 Operations Guide 367 Reference Information 489 Glossary 509 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review
PAGE 4
Draft 5 for Regulatory Review
PAGE 5
TABLE OF CONTENTS GUIDE TO THIS USER GUIDE......................................................................................3311 1 2 New in This Issue ...................................................................................................... 33 1.1 New Products and Features Described in Issue 2 ........................................... 33 1.2 New Descriptions and Revisions in Issue 2 ..................................................... 33 1.3 CycloneWi4 Portfolio..................
PAGE 6
900-MHz AP and SM....................................................................................... 52 5.1.8 Cyclone.............................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. 5.1.9 Backhaul Module ............................................................................................. 53 5.1.10 Radio Adjustable Power Capabilities ............................................................ 53 5.1.11 Cluster Management Module-2 (Part 1008CK-2)...............
PAGE 7
Cyclone Link Characteristics ................................................................................... 81 7.1 7.2 8 9 10 Understanding Bandwidth Management .......................................................... 81 7.1.1 Downlink Frame Contents ............................................................................... 81 7.1.2 Uplink Frame Contents.................................................................................... 81 7.1.3 Default Frame Structures ............
PAGE 8
11.3 Acquiring a Cyclone Demonstration Kit ........................................................ 117 11.3.1 900-MHz with Integrated Antenna and Band-pass Filter Demonstration Kit117 11.3.2 900-MHz with Connectorized Antenna Demonstration Kit .......................... 118 11.3.3 2.4-GHz with Adjustable Power Set to Low Demonstration Kit.................. 118 11.3.4 2.4-GHz with Adjustable Power Set to High Demonstration Kit .................. 118 11.3.5 5.1-GHz Demonstration Kit ...............
PAGE 9
Anticipating Reflection of Radio Waves ...................................................... 132 12.2.3 Noting Possible Obstructions in the Fresnel Zone ...................................... 132 12.2.4 Radar Signature Detection and Shutdown .................................................. 133 12.3 Using Jitter to Check Received Signal Quality (Cyclone FSK Only) ............ 134 12.4 Using Link Efficiency to Check Received Signal Quality .............................. 135 12.5 12.6 12.4.
PAGE 10
13.1 Understanding Addresses ............................................................................ 155 13.1.1 13.2 Dynamic or Static Addressing ...................................................................... 155 13.2.1 13.3 13.4 14 IP Address ................................................................................................... 155 When a DHCP Server is Not Found ............................................................ 155 Network Address Translation (NAT)............
PAGE 11
16.2.6 CMMmicro Component Layout.................................................................... 180 16.2.7 Standards for Wiring .................................................................................... 182 16.2.8 Best Practices for Cabling ........................................................................... 182 16.2.9 Recommended Tools for Wiring Connectors .............................................. 182 16.2.10 Wiring Connectors ............................................
PAGE 12
18.1 Configuring an AP for the Destination .......................................................... 237 18.1.1 General Tab of the AP ................................................................................. 237 18.1.2 IP Tab of the AP .......................................................................................... 241 18.1.3 Radio Tab of the AP .................................................................................... 243 18.1.4 SNMP Tab of the AP ......................
PAGE 13
18.6 19 18.5.2 IP Tab of the BHS ....................................................................................... 318 18.5.3 Radio Tab of the BHS ................................................................................. 320 18.5.4 SNMP Tab of the BHS ................................................................................ 323 18.5.5 Quality of Service (QoS) Tab of the BHS .................................................... 325 18.5.6 Security Tab of the BHS ................
PAGE 14
19.11 Installing a BH Timing Slave ........................................................................ 360 19.12 Upgrading a BH Link to BH20 ...................................................................... 361 19.13 Verifying a BH Link ....................................................................................... 361 20 Verifying System Functionality ............................................................................ 365 O OPPEERRA AT TIIO ON NSS G GU UIID DEE ................
PAGE 15
22.8 Filtering Management through Ethernet ....................................................... 385 22.9 Allowing Management from Only Specified IP Addresses ........................... 385 22.10 Configuring Management IP by DHCP......................................................... 385 23 24 Managing Bandwidth and Authentication .......................................................... 387 23.1 Managing Bandwidth without BAM...............................................................
PAGE 16
24.11 Traps Provided in the PTP 600 Series Bridge MIB ...................................... 410 24.12 MIB Viewers ................................................................................................. 411 25 26 Using the Cyclone Network Updater Tool (CNUT) ............................................. 413 25.1 CNUT Functions ........................................................................................... 413 25.2 Network Element Groups ............................................
PAGE 17
28 27.2 Using the Alignment Tool (SM, BHS) ........................................................... 435 27.3 Using the Link Capacity Test Tool (All) ........................................................ 438 27.4 Using the AP Evaluation or BHM Evaluation Tool (SM, BHS) ..................... 440 27.5 Using the Frame Calculator Tool (All) .......................................................... 444 27.6 Using the SM Configuration Tool (AP, BHM) ...............................................
PAGE 18
32.5.4 BHS Does Not Register to the BHM ........................................................... 475 32.5.5 Module Has Lost or Does Not Gain Sync ................................................... 476 32.5.6 Module Does Not Establish Ethernet Connectivity...................................... 477 32.5.7 Module Does Not Power Up ........................................................................ 478 32.5.8 Power Supply Does Not Produce Power .................................................
PAGE 19
36.4 Legal Notices ............................................................................................... 501 36.4.1 Software License Terms and Conditions .................................................... 501 36.4.2 Hardware Warranty in U.S. ......................................................................... 503 36.4.3 Limit of Liability ............................................................................................ 503 37 Additional Resources .........................
PAGE 20
LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Cyclone Advantage Platform GUI logo .............................................................. 49 Figure 2: Pole-mounted AP cluster ................................................................................... 50 Figure 3: OFDM AP - Antenna and Radio......................................................................... 50 Figure 4: Structure-mounted SM .......................................................................................
PAGE 21
Figure 32: Example layout of 7 Access Point clusters .................................................... 143 Figure 33: Fresnel zone .................................................................................................. 145 Figure 34: Variables for calculating angle of elevation (and depression)........................ 146 Figure 35: Double-hop backhaul links ............................................................................. 147 Figure 36: Remote AP deployment .......................
PAGE 22
Figure 66: General Status tab of BHM, example ............................................................ 214 Figure 67: CMMmicro layout ........................................................................................... 217 Figure 68: CMMmicro door label ..................................................................................... 219 Figure 69: CMMmicro circuit board ................................................................................. 220 Figure 70: CMMmicro connections .....
PAGE 23
Figure 100: General tab of BHM, example...................................................................... 298 Figure 101: IP tab of BHM, example ............................................................................... 301 Figure 102: Radio tab of BHM, example ......................................................................... 303 Figure 103: SNMP tab of BHM, example ........................................................................ 306 Figure 104: Security tab of BHM, example ........
PAGE 24
Figure 134: Mounting assembly, exploded view ............................................................. 358 Figure 135: BH attachment to reflector arm .................................................................... 359 Figure 136: Session Status tab of BHM .......................................................................... 363 Figure 137: Spectrum Analyzer tab of SM, example.......................................................
PAGE 25
Figure 168: Protocol analysis at SM ............................................................................... 459 Figure 169: Protocol analysis at AP or BH not connected to a CMM .............................. 460 Figure 170: Protocol analysis at AP or BH connected to a CMM.................................... 461 Figure 171: IP tab of SM with NAT disabled and local accessibility................................ 462 Figure 172: Local Area Connection Properties window ....................................
PAGE 26
LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Cyclone User Guide organization scheme .......................................................... 36 Table 2: Examples of where to find information in this user guide .................................... 37 Table 3: Locations of screen captures and associated documentation ............................ 38 Table 4: Font types ........................................................................................................... 41 Table 5: Admonition types..........................
PAGE 27
Table 32: Example 2.4-GHz channel assignment by sector ........................................... 141 Table 33: Example 5.2-GHz channel assignment by sector ........................................... 141 Table 34: Example 5.4-GHz channel assignment by sector ........................................... 142 Table 35: Example 5.7-GHz channel assignment by sector ........................................... 142 Table 36: VLAN filters in point-to-multipoint modules ..............................................
PAGE 28
Table 66: Basic site information for technical support..................................................... 482 Table 67: Supported telnet commands for module administration .................................. 491 Table 68: US FCC IDs and Industry Canada Certification Numbers and Covered Configurations .......................................................................................................... 494 Table 69: Disclosure Table .......................................................................
PAGE 29
LIST OF PROCEDURES Procedure 1: Modifying a fixed license key for a module IP address .............................. 114 Procedure 2: Analyzing the spectrum ............................................................................. 131 Procedure 3: Reducing transmitter output power............................................................ 153 Procedure 4: Wrapping the cable....................................................................................
PAGE 30
Procedure 32: Verifying performance for a BH link ......................................................... 361 Procedure 33: Verifying system functionality .................................................................. 365 Procedure 34: Using the Spectrum Analyzer in AP feature ............................................ 371 Procedure 35: Extending network sync........................................................................... 374 Procedure 36: Fabricating an override plug ....................
PAGE 31
Guide To This User Guide Release 8 GUIDE TO THIS USER GUIDE Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 31
PAGE 32
PAGE 33
Guide To This User Guide Release 8 1 1.1 NEW IN THIS ISSUE NEW PRODUCTS AND FEATURES DESCRIBED IN ISSUE 2 Issue 2 adds the following products and features 1.2 ◦ Release 8.2 features, including US and Canada DFS (Dynamic Frequency Selection) support for 5.4 GHz modules ◦ Cyclone OFDM in the 5.4 GHz band NEW DESCRIPTIONS AND REVISIONS IN ISSUE 2 This section is a placeholder where other new descriptions, as wells as clarifications and corrections, will be listed in future issues. 1.
PAGE 34
Guide To This User Guide Release 8 1.5 PRODUCTS NOT COVERED BY THIS USER GUIDE Cyclone products with their own user guides include • Cluster Management Module 4 (CMM4) • Cyclone LENS All the non-Cyclone wi4 products and solutions are covered by their own user guides and documentation. 1.
PAGE 35
Guide To This User Guide Release 8 2 USING THIS USER GUIDE This document should be used with Cyclone features through Software Release 8.2, Cyclone OFDM, and CMMmicro Release 2.2.1. The audience for this document includes system operators, network administrators, and equipment installers. 2.1 2.1.1 FINDING THE INFORMATION YOU NEED Becoming Familiar with This User Guide This is a guide to the guide.
PAGE 36
Guide To This User Guide Release 8 Quick Reference The Cyclone User Guide comprises six sections, as described in Table 1. Table 1: Cyclone User Guide organization scheme Section Purpose Guide to This User Guide (this section) Identifies • products covered by this user guide. • products covered by their own separate user guides. • how this user guide is organized. • where to find module web pages and parameter descriptions. • what the various typefaces and admonitions indicate.
PAGE 37
Guide To This User Guide Release 8 Examples A list of common tasks and references to information that supports each task is provided in Table 2. Table 2: Examples of where to find information in this user guide If you want to know… then see… what the Spectrum Analyzer in SM and BHS feature does because… Avoiding Self Interference on Page 152 this topic is important to RF planning. Monitoring the RF Environment on Page 369 this topic is also important to managing the network.
PAGE 38
Guide To This User Guide Release 8 2.1.2 Searching This User Guide To search this document and the software release notes of supported releases, look in the Table of Contents for the topic and in the Adobe Reader® search capability for keywords that apply.1 These searches are most effective when you begin the search from the cover page because the first matches may be in titles of sections, figures, tables, or procedures. 2.1.
PAGE 39
Guide To This User Guide Release 8 Tab or Web Page Displayed Page General tab of SM, example 263 GPS Status page of CMMmicro, example 232 IP tab of AP, example 241 IP tab of BHM, example 301 IP tab of BHS, example 318 IP tab of SM with NAT disabled and local accessibility 462 IP tab of SM with NAT disabled, example 269 IP tab of SM with NAT enabled, example 275 LAN IP Address tab of AP, example 189 Link Capacity Test tab with 1522-byte packet length, example 438 Link Capacity Test ta
PAGE 40
Guide To This User Guide Release 8 Tab or Web Page Displayed Page Remote Subscribers tab of AP, example 197 Remote Subscribers tab of BHM, example 210 Review and Save Configuration tab of AP, example 190 Scheduler tab of SM, example 421 Security tab of AP, example 253 Security tab of BHM, example 309 Security tab of BHS, example 326 Security tab of SM, example 285 Session Status tab data from AP, example 193 Session Status tab data, example 415 SM Configuration tab of AP, example 44
PAGE 41
Guide To This User Guide Release 8 2.2 INTERPRETING TYPEFACE AND OTHER CONVENTIONS This document employs distinctive fonts to indicate the type of information, as described in Table 4. Table 4: Font types Font Type of Information variable width bold Selectable option in a graphical user interface or settable parameter in the web-based interface to a Cyclone component. constant width regular Literal system response in a command-line interface.
PAGE 42
Guide To This User Guide Release 8 Admonition Label General Message IMPORTANT! informative content that may • identify an indication that you should watch for. • advise that your action can disturb something that you may not want disturbed. • reiterate something that you presumably know but should always remember. CAUTION! a notice that the risk of harm to equipment or service exists. WARNING! a notice that the risk of harm to person exists. 2.
PAGE 43
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 OVERVIEW OF CYCLONE NETWORKS Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 43
PAGE 44
PAGE 45
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 3 ADVANCING FROM RESEARCH TO IMPLEMENTATION Before you begin to research a possible Cyclone implementation, you should have both • • basic knowledge of RF theory. See • Understanding RF Fundamentals on Page 117. • Engineering Your RF Communications on Page 129. network experience. See • Cyclone Link Characteristics on Page 81. • Understanding IP Fundamentals on Page 117. • Engineering Your IP Communications on Page 155.
PAGE 46
PAGE 47
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 4 REALIZING A WIRELESS BACKHAUL NETWORK Cyclone backhaul modules (BHs) can connect Cyclone access point clusters to the point of presence or be the backbone of a Metro WiFi mesh network. In other applications, the backhaul modules can be used to provide connectivity for ◦ cell sites, in lieu of leased T1/E1 telecommunications lines. ◦ buildings in corporate or institutional campuses. ◦ remote sites, including temporary sites set up for relief efforts.
PAGE 48
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 Section 19.13 Verifying a BH Link 361 Section 21.2.2 CMMmicro Software and Hardware Compatibility 373 Section 22.2 Encrypting Cyclone Radio Transmissions 375 Section 22.3 Managing Module Access 377 Section 24.6 Objects Supported in the Cyclone 30/60-Mbps BH 409 Section 24.7 Objects Supported in the Cyclone 150/300-Mbps BH 409 Section 24.10 Traps Provided in the PTP 400 Series Bridge MIB 410 Section 24.
PAGE 49
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 5 EXPLORING THE SCOPE OF SOLUTIONS Cyclone wireless broadband applications include: 5.
PAGE 50
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 5.1.3 Cyclone Access Point Cluster and Cyclone OFDM Access Point Cluster An AP cluster covers as much as 360°. The Cyclone FSK AP cluster consists of two to six APs that provide broadband connectivity to 1,200 or fewer subscribers. Each AP transmits and receives in a 60° sector. The Cyclone OFDM AP cluster consists of two to four APs that provide broadband connectivity to 800 or fewer subscribers. Each AP transmits and receives in a 90° sector.
PAGE 51
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 A Canopy SM can communicate with either a Cyclone AP or an Advantage AP. A Cyclone OFDM SM can communicate with only a Cyclone OFDM AP. An SM mounted directly to a structure is pictured in Figure 4. An OFDM SM is shown in Figure 5 in both front and side views. Figure 5: OFDM SM, front and side views 5.1.5 Advantage Subscriber Module The Cyclone Advantage SM provides the same configurability and services as the Canopy SM.
PAGE 52
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 5.1.7 900‐MHz AP and SM Cyclone 900 MHz AP and SM modules operate at a 3.3 Mbps carrier rate (compared to 10 Mbps for other Cyclone frequency bands). Figure 6: Examples of flat panel antennas with 900-MHz modules These 900-MHz modules run the same software and provide the same parameters, network features, and connections as all other Cyclone APs and SMs.
PAGE 53
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 5.1.8 Cyclone 5.1.9 Backhaul Module A pair of Backhaul Modules (BHs) provide point-to-point connectivity as either • a standalone link • a link through a cluster management module to an AP cluster. You must configure a BH as either a timing master (BHM) or timing slave (BHS). The BHM provides synchronization signal (sync) to the BHS. A BH mounted to a passive reflector dish is pictured in Figure 7.
PAGE 54
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 Figure 8: CMM2 enclosure 5.1.12 Figure 9: CMM2 pole-mounted Cluster Management Module micro (Part 1070CK) The Cluster Management Module micro (CMMmicro) provides power, GPS timing, and networking connections for an AP cluster. Unlike the CMM2, the CMMmicro is configurable through a web interface. The CMMmicro contains an 8-port managed switch that supports Power over Ethernet (PoE) on each port and connects any combination of APs, BHMs, BHSs, or Ethernet feed.
PAGE 55
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 5.1.13 GPS Antenna The Last Mile Gear GPS antenna provides either • timing pulses to the CMMmicro. • timing pulses and positioning information to the CMM2. The GPS antenna is pictured in Figure 10. Figure 10: Last Mile Gear GPS antenna 5.1.
PAGE 56
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 For Use With Part Number Voltage (AC) Cycles per Second (Hz) Includes NOTES: 1. 2. 3. Pictured in Figure 12. Single transceiver. Pictured in Figure 13. Figure 12: ACPS110-03A power supply Figure 13: ACPSSW-09A power supply Passive Reflector Dish Assembly A 27RD Passive Reflector Dish on both ends of a BH link extends the distance range of the link and provides a narrower beam width, which can reduce both received and transmitted interference.
PAGE 57
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 and the 3 dB beam width is 6° in both azimuth and elevation. For 2.4-GHz radios, the reflector gain is 11dB and the 3 dB beam width is 17° in both azimuth and elevation. Module Support Brackets The SMMB1 support bracket facilitates mounting the SM to various surfaces of a structure and has slots through which chimney straps can be inserted. An SMMB1 is pictured in Figure 15.
PAGE 58
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 BT-0563 RJ-11 TO RJ-11; sync cable BT-0563S RJ-11 TO RJ-11; shielded sync cable NOTE: Shielded cable is strongly recommended for all AP cluster and BH installations.
PAGE 59
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 Alternatively if you wish, you can fabricate an override plug. For instructions, see Procedure 36 on Page 380 and the pinout in Figure 140 on Page 380. Alignment Headset The ACATHS-01 Alignment Headset facilitates the operation of precisely aiming an SM toward an AP (or a BHS toward a BHM). This device produces infinitely variable • pitch, higher when the received signal is stronger. • volume, louder when jitter is less. An ACATHS-01 is pictured in Figure 16.
PAGE 60
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 5.2 FREQUENCY BAND RANGES In the 2.4-, 5.2-, 5.1-, 5.4-, and 5.7-GHz frequency band ranges, Cyclone APs, SMs, and BHs are available. Additionally, in the 900-MHz frequency band range, Cyclone APs and SMs are available. National restrictions may apply. See Regulatory and Legal Notices on Page 493. To avoid self-interference, a Cyclone network typically uses two or more of these ranges.
PAGE 61
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 Frequency Band Range Product 900 MHz 2.4 GHz 5.1 GHz 5.2 GHz 5.4 GHz 5.7 GHz 5.4 GHz OFDM CMM2 ● ● ● ● ● ● CMMmicro ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Power supply ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Surge suppressor ● ● ● ● ● ● ● NOTES: 1. National or regional regulations may limit EIRP to the same as without a reflector, and therefore require Transmit Output Power to be reduced.
PAGE 62
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 Table 13: Typical range and throughput per frequency band, PTMP links Advantage AP Range Frequency Band 2.4 GHz ETSI Cyclone AP no SM Reflector mi (km) with SM Reflector mi (km) Aggregate Throughput Mbps Roundtrip Latency msec 0.3 (0.5) 0.3 (0.5) 1 14 6 0.6 (1) 0.6 (1) 2.5 (4) 1 7 6 7.5 (12) 14 6 5 (8) 15 (24) 7 6 1 (1.6) na 14 6 2 (3.2) na 7 6 1 (1.6) na2 14 6 2 (3.2) 2 na 1 (1.6) 1 (1.6) 1 2 (3.2) 2 (3.2) 1 1 (1.6) 2.
PAGE 63
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 Table 14: Typical range and throughput per frequency band, PTP links Frequency Band Throughput Modulation Rate (Mbps) 2.4 GHz @100 mW (ETSI) No Reflectors Both Reflectors 10 7.5 Mbps to 2 km 7.5 Mbps to 16 km 20 14 Mbps to 1 km 14 Mbps to 8 km 10 7.5 Mbps to 5 mi (8 km) 7.5 Mbps to 35 mi (56 km) 20 14 Mbps to 3 mi (5 km) 14 Mbps to 35 mi (56 km) 10 7.5 Mbps to 2 mi (3.2 km) 20 14 Mbps to 2 mi (3.2 km) 10 7.5 Mbps to 2 mi (3.2 km) 2.
PAGE 64
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 Characteristic CMM2 CMMmicro Data throughput auto-negotiates to full or half duplex auto-negotiates to full or half duplex Ethernet operating speed standard auto-negotiates to 10Base-T or 100Base-TX auto-negotiates to 10Base-T or 100Base-TX Additional Ethernet ports one for data feed one for local access (notebook computer) none Power supply integrated 24-V DC to power APs, BHs, and GPS receiver external 24-V DC to power APs, BHs, and GPS receiver SNMP
PAGE 65
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 • polarization—vertical or horizontal • cable—12-inch (30.5 cm) • connector—female N-type • beamwidth—approximately 60° vertical and 60° horizontal at 3 dBm Last Mile Gear has certified three other antennas, which are available through Cyclone resellers. The attributes of one of these other certified antennas include • gain—10 dBi • dimensions—12 x12 x 1 inches (30.5 x 30.5 x 2.5 cm) • weight—3.3 lbs (1.
PAGE 66
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 manages the high-priority channel ● imports network information with hierarchy ● interface to a higher-level network management system (NMS) ● interface to an operations support system (OSS) ● manages Maximum Information Rate (MIR) ● BAM ● ● ● ● automatically works from root (highest) level element selection can be individual or multiple ● element selection can be criteria based ● element selection can be user-defined branch ● ● senses software re
PAGE 67
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 ◦ Specify VLAN IDs to associate with the SM(s). This product is supported by the dedicated document Cyclone Bandwidth and Authentication Manager Release 2.1 User Guide and associated release notes. The upgrade path from BAM Release 2.1 is Prizm Release 2.0. See Last Mile Gear Cyclone Prizm User Guide, Issue 3, and Last Mile Gear Cyclone Prizm Release 2.0 Release Notes. 5.7 Prizm The product name PrizmEMS is changed to Prizm in Release 2.
PAGE 68
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 Supported element types include Cyclone Access Point Module Cyclone Backhaul Master Module Cyclone Backhaul Slave Module Cyclone PrizmEMS Canopy Subscriber Module Cluster Management Module micro Cluster Management Module-4 Cluster Management Module-4 Switch Generic Group Generic SNMP Device Generic SNMP Device (08 Port) 5.7.
PAGE 69
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 Either of the following modes is available for the Prizm server, subject to licensing: • • BAM-only functionality, which manages only • authentication, bandwidth service plans, and VLAN profiles of SMs. • authentication of Powerline LV modems. Full Prizm functionality, which manages attributes for all elements and authentication of SMs and Powerline LV modems.
PAGE 70
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 In Release 4.2.3 and later, server-based license management adds flexibility and makes available licenses that previously would have been held by de-commissioned equipment. License management technology from Macrovision, based on a FLEXnet™ Publisher license management model, provides the platform for Cyclone server-based licensing. Cyclone capabilities that are authorized by licenses on this platform are FLEXenabled products.
PAGE 71
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 In This Release License Key Must Be in Directory If This Platform C:\Program Files\Last Mile Gear\Cyclone\FLEXnet\license_files Windows Prizm 2.0 and 2.1 for full mgmt PrizmEMS Server, Element Pack BAM Server, AP Auth Server (APAS), Cap 2 Cyclone Lite /usr/local/Cyclone/FLEXnet/license_files Enterprise Linux C:\Program Files\Last Mile Gear\Cyclone\FLEXnet\license_files Windows Prizm 2.0 and 2.
PAGE 72
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 5.9.2 Cluster Management Products Table 18: CMM2 specifications and limitations Specification or Limitation Cyclone System Range Max length from Cluster Management Module to any radio 328 cable feet (100 meters) Max length from Cluster Management Module to GPS antenna 100 cable feet (30.5 meters) Dimensions 17.00” H x 12.88” W x 6.50” D (43.18 cm H x 32.72 cm W x 16.51 cm D) Weight 25.0 lbs. (11.
PAGE 73
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 Table 19: CMMmicro specifications and limitations Specification or Limitation Cyclone System Range Enclosure Size Approximately 12” H x 10” W x 3” D (Approximately 30 cm H x 25 cm W x 7.5 cm D) CMMmicro Weight (without DC power supply) Approximately 8 lb (Approximately 3.5 k) Max length from Cluster Management Module to any radio 328 cable feet (100 meters) Max length from Cluster Management Module to GPS antenna 100 cable feet (30.
PAGE 74
PAGE 75
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 6 6.1 DIFFERENTIATING AMONG COMPONENTS INTERPRETING MODEL (PART) NUMBER The part number of a module typically represents • the model number, which may indicate • radio frequency band range. • link distance range. • whether the module is Cyclone Advantage. • the factory-set encryption standard. • the module type. • whether the reflector dish is included. • the antenna scheme of the module. • whether adjustable power in the module is preset to low.
PAGE 76
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 You cannot change the link distance range of the module. However, you can license a Canopy SM to uncap its aggregate throughput (a capability of the Advantage SM). Encryption Standard or Frequency Band Range The fourth digit in the part number usually indicates the encryption standard that was preset at the factory. 1 indicates the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). 0 indicates the Data Encryption Standard (DES) standard.
PAGE 77
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 Antenna Scheme In specifications tables and price lists, the trailing character C indicates that the module is connectorized for an external antenna. ↓ 9 0 0 0 S M C An F in this position indicates that the module has an internal antenna with a band-pass filter (for example, 9000APF).
PAGE 78
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 6.2 SORTED MODEL NUMBERS Model numbers of Cyclone modules are listed in Table 20. Not all models are available in all markets. Please check with your Cyclone distributor or reseller for availability.
PAGE 79
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 Range Integrated Antenna 2.4 GHz Cyclone Advantage DES AES DES AES 2400AP 2400APWL 2400SM 2400SMWL 2460SM 2400SMLP 2400BH 2400BH20 2400BHRF 2400BHRF20 2400BHWL 2400BHWL20 2400BHWLRF 2400BHWLRF20 2401AP 2401APWL 2401SM 2401SMWL 2401BH 2401BH20 2401BHRF 2401BHRF20 2401BHWL 2401BHWL20 2401BHWLRF 2401BHWLRF20 2450AP 2450APWL 2450SM 2450SMWL 2451AP 2451APWL 2451SM 2451SMWL 9000AP 9000APF 9000SM 9000SMF 9001AP 9001APF 9001SM 9001SMF 900 MHz 5.
PAGE 80
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 String Older Modules Newer Modules Model number PN outside Model # outside ESN/MAC address S/N inside ESN outside Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 80
PAGE 81
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 7 7.1 7.1.1 CYCLONE LINK CHARACTERISTICS UNDERSTANDING BANDWIDTH MANAGEMENT Downlink Frame Contents The AP broadcasts downlink frames that contain control information, allocating slots in succeeding or future uplink frames to SMs that have requested service. The downlink frame also contains a beacon frame, control information, and data that specific SMs have requested. Each SM 7.1.
PAGE 82
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 See Address Resolution Protocol on Page 162. 7.1.3 Default Frame Structures With a 64-byte slot size, the default Cyclone frame in hardware scheduling consists of • variable numbers of uplink and downlink data slots, subject to the following factors: • Maximum range decreases the number of available slots to 32. • Background bit error rate (BER) mode decreases the number of available data slots by one (and bandwidth by 200 kbps).
PAGE 83
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 c. the AP sends a Registration Grant to the SM. If BAM is not configured on the AP or the AP is not licensed for authentication, then the AP simply returns the Registration Grant to the SM. This Registration Grant includes the distance between the AP and SM. The SM uses the distance to distinguish when to transmit data in the uplink frame. The AP performs advance scheduling of up to 1024 frames that each SM will be permitted to use in the uplink frame. 7.1.
PAGE 84
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 Figure 19: TDD dividing Cyclone frames 7.1.7 Maximum Information Rate (MIR) Parameters Cyclone point-to-multipoint links use the following four MIR parameters for bandwidth management: • Sustained Uplink Data Rate (kbps) • Uplink Burst Allocation (kb) • Sustained Downlink Data Rate (kbps) • Downlink Burst Allocation (kb) You can independently set each of these parameters per AP or per SM.
PAGE 85
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 Which set of these MIR parameters are applicable depends on the interactions of other parameter values. These interactions are described under Setting the Configuration Source on Page 295. Also, where the Configuration Source parameter setting in the AP specifies that BAM values should be used, they are used only if Prizm is configured to send the values that it stores for the MIR parameters.
PAGE 86
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 In this example case, the derived 1,167-kbps uplink and 5,833-kbps downlink MIR sum to the fixed 7,000-kbps aggregate cap of the Canopy SM. 7.1.8 Committed Information Rate The Committed Information Rate (CIR) capability feature enables the service provider to guarantee to any subscriber that bandwidth will never decrease to below a specified minimum, unless CIR is oversubscribed.
PAGE 87
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 A Cyclone module prioritizes traffic by ◦ reading the Low Latency bit (Bit 3) in the IPv4 Type of Service (ToS) byte in a received packet. ◦ reading the 802.1p field of the 802.1Q header in a received packet, where VLAN is enabled on the module. ◦ comparing the 6-bit Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) field in the ToS byte of a received packet to a corresponding value in the DiffServe tab of the Configuration page of the module.
PAGE 88
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 An example of the DiffServe tab in the Configuration page and parameter descriptions are provided under DiffServe Tab of the AP on Page 259. This tab and its rules are identical from module type to module type in Cyclone. However, any of the 61 configurable Code Points can be set to a different value from module to module, thus defining unique per-hop behavior for some traffic.
PAGE 89
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 Table 22: Characteristics of hardware scheduling Category Factor Treatment Aggregate throughput, less additional overhead 14 Mbps ACK slots in downlink used for data except when request for uplink is present Yes Number of frames required for the scheduling process 1 Round-trip latency1 ≈ 6 ms AP broadcast the download schedule No Allocation for uplink highpriority traffic on amount of high-priority traffic Dynamic, based on amount of high-priority traff
PAGE 90
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 7.1.13 2X Operation A General tab option in both Advantage SMs and hardware series P9 and greater Canopy SMs provides double the aggregate throughput for SMs that are nearer than half of the maximum typical range from the AP. The requirements of this feature are as follows: ◦ The AP must be an Advantage AP. ◦ The SM must be near the AP, roughly half the range of 1X. ◦ The SM must be of the P9 hardware series or later and enabled for hardware scheduling.
PAGE 91
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 Table 23: Effect of 2X operation on throughput for the SM Typical Aggregate Rates Type of SM Sustained2 Burst2 4 Mbps 4 Mbps 14 Mbps 14 Mbps 7 Mbps 14 Mbps 900 MHz3 Advantage SM Any other frequency band range Regular SM (at least P9 Hardware Series) Any frequency band range except 900 MHz 1 NOTES: 1. 2. 3. Subject to competition among all SMs in the sector.
PAGE 92
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 Checking the Status of 2X Operation The Session Status tab in the Home page of the AP provides operation status information about each SM-to-AP link. Under the MAC address of each SM, the data in this tab includes a line such as the following: RATE : VC 19 Rate 2X/2X VC 255 Rate 2X/1X Interpret this information is as follows: ◦ VC means virtual channel. If one VC is displayed, the high-priority channel is disabled.
PAGE 93
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 7.1.14 3X Operation (Cyclone OFDM modules only) Cyclone OFDM modules offer an additional modulation scheme that provides 3X operation in addition to 1X and 2X operation. In clear space, 3X operation is possible over half the range of 2X (which means it is possible over ¼ the range of 1X).
PAGE 94
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 For example, in Figure 23, AP4 • is not synchronized with any of the other APs. • is transmitting nearby the other APs while they are expecting to receive SM transmissions from a maximum distance. Figure 23: One unsynchronized AP in cluster The result is self-interference. In this scenario, the self-interference can be avoided only by synchronizing the TDD transmit cycles of all APs that operate in the same frequency band.
PAGE 95
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 Figure 24: GPS timing throughout the Cyclone network (Cyclone FSK shown) 7.2.2 Passing Sync in a Single Hop Network sync can be passed in a single hop in the following network designs: • Design 1 1. A CMM provides sync to a collocated AP. 2. This AP sends the sync over the air to SMs. • Design 2 1. A CMM provides sync to a collocated BH timing master. 2. This BH timing master sends the sync over the air to a BH timing slave. 7.2.
PAGE 96
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 2 AP SM AP 4 SM 4 3 1 SM CMM Figure 25: Additional link to extend network sync, Design 3 • Design 4 1. A CMM provides sync to a collocated AP. 2. This AP sends the sync over the air to an SM. 3. This SM delivers the sync to a collocated BHM. 4. This BHM passes the sync in the additional link over the air to a BHS. This design is illustrated in Figure 26.
PAGE 97
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 BH -M- 2 BH -S- AP 3 4 SM 4 1 SM CMM Figure 27: Additional link to extend network sync, Design 5 Wiring and configuration information for this sync extension is described under Wiring to Extend Network Sync on Page 374. All Cyclone radios support the remote AP functionality. The BHS and the SM can reliably pass the sync pulse, and the BHM and AP can reliably receive it.
PAGE 98
PAGE 99
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 8 8.1 MEETING LINK REQUIREMENTS AP‐SM LINKS APs communicate with SMs using a point-to-multipoint protocol. An AP-SM link has lower throughput and higher latency than a backhaul link for two reasons: • Many endpoints are involved. • The bandwidth request and reservation process consumes bandwidth. In the 900-MHz frequency band range, round-trip latency is typically • 40 msec with software scheduling. • 15 msec with hardware scheduling.
PAGE 100
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 Table 24: Effects of network conditions on PTMP throughput Changing Network Condition Increasing the Max Range parameter setting1 in the AP Effect on AP Aggregate Throughput 2 somewhat decreased Increasing the number of SMs that register in the AP Increase in downlink traffic no effect Increase in uplink traffic Increasing the average bandwidth allotted to the SMs that register in the AP no effect, even when the additional bandwidth is used. NOTES: 1. 2.
PAGE 101
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 8.2 BH‐BH LINKS Cyclone BHs communicate with each other using a point-to-point protocol. This point-topoint protocol uses a 2.5-msec frame. A BH link has higher throughput and lower latency (typically 5 msec, 2.5 msec in each direction) for two reasons: • Only two endpoints are involved. • No bandwidth request and reservation process is involved. For 10-Mbps BHs, the aggregate throughput on the channel is 7.5 Mbps.
PAGE 102
PAGE 103
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 9 PREVIEWING NETWORK CONFIGURATIONS The following are examples of network layouts. Customer experience case studies are also available. 9.
PAGE 104
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 AP Cl uster 2 AP Cluster 3 BHM BHS AP AP Cluster 1 GPS CMM GPS CMM RTR BA M WAN (I nternet) SM RTR PC PC RTR SM Figure 29: Typical network layout with BH GPS BHS BHM BHM BHS CMM RTR WAN (Internet) Figure 30: Typical multiple-BH network layout Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 104
PAGE 105
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 9.2 VIEWING CASE STUDIES Case studies of Cyclone implementations are available as “Feature Articles” for download from http://www.connectwithCyclone.com/index.cfm?Cyclone=menu.case.
PAGE 106
PAGE 107
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 10 ACCESSING FEATURES Cyclone Release 8 networks support the features that are indicated in Table 26.
PAGE 108
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 Module Type(s) Controlled in GUI Page/Tab SNMP Control Configurable center-channel carrier frequency AP BHM Configuration/Radio yes 255 configurable "color codes" to manage SM to AP (or (BHS to BHM) registration All radios Configuration/Radio yes 16 configurable "sector IDs" for administrative convenience AP BHM Configuration/Radio yes Configurable range settings (determines air turn-around time) AP Configuration/Radio yes Configurable downlink dat
PAGE 109
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 Module Type(s) Controlled in GUI Page/Tab SNMP Control Configurable LAN settings (IP address, mask, gateway) All radios Configuration/IP yes Module's management IP address assignable via DHCP All radios Configuration/IP yes Private LAN to support AP to SM (or BHM to BHS) communications All radios Configuration/IP yes Configurable SM mgmt accessibility (Local/Ethernet only, or Public/RF and Local/Ethernet) SM Configuration/IP yes Security Features (
PAGE 110
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 Module Type(s) Controlled in GUI Page/Tab List of registered SMs/BHSs with full data, with hot links to SMs/BHSs AP BHM Configuration/General multiple objects Abbreviated list of SMs/BHSs, with hot links to SMs/BHSs AP BHM Configuration/General multiple objects Received power level indication All radios Configuration/General yes LEDs on modules to display states and activity All modules no no Received interference level indication (jitter) All radi
PAGE 111
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 Module Type(s) Controlled in GUI Page/Tab SNMP Control AP Maximum Information Rate (MIR) default settings AP Configuration/QoS yes Per SM Maximum Information Rate (MIR) SM Configuration/QoS yes Per SM Committed Information Rate (CIR) for high and low channels SM Configuration/QoS yes "Configuration Source" for MIR/CIR/HP/VLAN can be either SM or BAM/Prizm AP Configuration/General yes CIR for low priority channel on BH BHS Configuration/QoS yes
PAGE 112
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 Module Type(s) VLAN Management Features Controlled in GUI Page/Tab SNMP Control Configurable VLAN AP SM CMMmicro Configuration/VLAN yes Highly configurable VLAN (802.1Q) AP SM Configuration/VLAN yes Use of VLAN priorities (802.
PAGE 113
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 Frame Tool Feature Module Type(s) Controlled in GUI Page/Tab SNMP Control Frame calculator for supporting collocation All radios Tools/Frame Calculator no Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) Interface Features Module Type(s) Controlled in GUI Page/Tab SNMP Control GUI automatically sized/styled for PDA when displayed on a PDA All radios all no Spectrum analyzer display for PDA All radios PDA/Spectrum Results (PDA) no Specific pages for PDA display A
PAGE 114
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 Physical Features Module Type(s) Controlled in GUI Page/Tab SNMP Control MTBF > 45 years (~400 000 hours) All modules no no neg 40 C to + 55 C (Ambient) operation All modules no no Temperature indication All radios Home/General no Non-condensing (Indoor/outdoor), weather protected form factor/packaging All modules no no Element Management System (Prizm) Features Current Prizm to manage all elements of the system (including Mot Backhaul) Up to 1000
PAGE 115
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 7. Open the Configuration web page of the module. 8. Review parameter settings and enable the feature if you wish to do so at this time (see next section). end of procedure 10.2 ENABLING FEATURES A Cyclone feature is enabled (functioning) if the feature is both active and enabled. For example, Transmit Frame Spreading is active (can be enabled) in any AP or BHM that operates on Release 8.
PAGE 116
PAGE 117
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 11 ACQUIRING PROFICIENCIES Designing and operating a Cyclone network requires fundamental knowledge of radio frequency transmission and reception, Internet Protocol addressing schemes, experimentation with Cyclone equipment, and for most operators participation in some forms of Cyclone training. 11.1 UNDERSTANDING RF FUNDAMENTALS Cyclone training and user interfaces presume an understanding of RF fundamentals.
PAGE 118
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 11.3.
PAGE 119
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 • 1 CPT001-CD02EN Sales Overview on CD • 1 CPT002-CD03EN Technical Overview on CD • 1 CPT003-CD03EN Cyclone User Guides on CD Part numbers for Demonstration Kits are provided in Table 27. 11.3.5 5.1‐GHz Demonstration Kit Each 5.
PAGE 120
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 • 1 300SS Surge Suppressor • 1 SMMB1 Universal Mounting Bracket • 3 ACPSSW-02 90- to 230-V AC 50- to 60-Hz Power Supplies • 3 CBL-0562 Straight-through Category 5 Cables • 1 UGTK-0002 Trial Kit Quick Start Guide • 1 CPT001-CD02EN Sales Overview on CD • 1 CPT002-CD03EN Technical Overview on CD • 1 CPT003-CD03EN Cyclone User Guides on CD Part numbers for Demonstration Kits are provided in Table 27. 11.3.8 5.
PAGE 121
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 11.3.10 Demonstration Kit Part Numbers The part numbers for ordering Cyclone demonstration kits are provided in Table 27. Table 27: Demonstration Kit part numbers Frequency Band Range Part Number 900 MHz integrated antenna with band-pass filter TK10290 900 MHz connectorized antenna TK10290C 2.4 GHz adjustable power set to low TK10250 2.4 GHz adjustable power set to high TK10251 5.1 GHz TK10253 5.2 GHz TK10252 5.4 GHz TK10254 5.7 GHz TK10257 5.
PAGE 122
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 11.4.2 900‐MHz with Connectorized Antenna Starter Kit Each 900-MHz with connectorized (external) antenna Starter Kit contains • 20 9000SMC SMs • 3 9000APC Advantage APs • 23 AN900 60° 9-dBi Antennas • 1 1070CK CMMmicro • 21 300SS Surge Suppressors • 20 SMMB2 Universal Heavy Duty Mounting Brackets • 1 UGSK-0003 Quick Start Guide • 1 CPT003-CD03EN Cyclone User Guides on CD Power supplies are not included in this kit.
PAGE 123
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 11.4.5 5.1‐GHz Starter Kit Each 5.1-GHz adjustable power set to high Starter Kit contains • 30 5202SM SMs • 6 5252AP Advantage APs • 1 1070CK CMMmicro • 31 300SS Surge Suppressors • 30 SMMB1 Universal Mounting Brackets • 1 UGSK-0003 Quick Start Guide • 1 CPT003-CD03EN Cyclone User Guides on CD Power supplies are not included in this kit. Part numbers for Starter Kits are provided in Table 28. 11.4.6 5.2‐GHz Starter Kit Each 5.
PAGE 124
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 11.4.8 5.7‐GHz with Integrated Antenna Starter Kit Each 5.7-GHz with integrated antenna Starter Kit contains • 30 5700SM SMs • 6 5750AP Advantage APs • 1 1070CK CMMmicro • 31 300SS Surge Suppressors • 30 SMMB1 Universal Mounting Brackets • 1 UGSK-0003 Quick Start Guide • 1 CPT003-CD03EN Cyclone User Guides on CD Power supplies are not included in this kit. Part numbers for Starter Kits are provided in Table 28. 11.4.9 5.
PAGE 125
Overview of Cyclone Networks Release 8 Frequency Band Range Part Number 5.7 GHz TK10157 5.7 GHz connectorized adjustable power set to low TK10157C 11.5 EVALUATING CYCLONE TRAINING OPTIONS Cyclone and its distributors make technical training available to customers. For information on this training, either • send email inquiries to training@Cyclonewireless.com. • visit http://www.Last Mile Gear.com/Cyclone.
PAGE 126
PAGE 127
Planning Guide Release 8 PLANNING GUIDE Issue 2, November 2007 Draft 5 for Regulatory Review 127
PAGE 128
PAGE 129
Planning Guide Release 8 12 ENGINEERING YOUR RF COMMUNICATIONS Before diagramming network layouts, the wise course is to • anticipate the correct amount of signal loss for your fade margin calculation (as defined below). • recognize all permanent and transient RF signals in the environment. • identify obstructions to line of sight reception. 12.
PAGE 130
Planning Guide Release 8 Tx antenna gain Rx antenna gain free space signal Tx cable loss Rx cable loss distance Rx signal level Tx power receiver or amplifier Transmitter transmitter or amplifier Amplifier Figure 31: Determinants in Rx signal level Rx signal level is calculated as follows: Rx signal level gain + dB Rx antenna gain = − Tx power − Tx cable loss − + Tx antenna free space path loss Rx cable loss NOTE: This Rx signal level calculation presumes that a clear line of sight is e
PAGE 131
Planning Guide Release 8 12.2 ANALYZING THE RF ENVIRONMENT An essential element in RF network planning is the analysis of spectrum usage and the strength of the signals that occupy the spectrum you are planning to use. Regardless of how you measure and log or chart the results you find (through the Spectrum Analyzer in SM and BHS feature or by using a spectrum analyzer), you should do so • at various times of day. • on various days of the week. • periodically into the future.
PAGE 132
Planning Guide Release 8 5. Click Enable again. RESULT: The system measures RSSI and dBm for each frequency in the spectrum. 6. Travel to another location in the area. 7. Click Enable again. RESULT: The system provides a new measurement of RSSI and dBm for each frequency in the spectrum. NOTE: Spectrum analysis mode times out 15 minutes after the mode was invoked. 8. Repeat Steps 6 and 7 until the area has been adequately scanned and logged.
PAGE 133
Planning Guide Release 8 12.2.4 Radar Signature Detection and Shutdown With Release 8.1, Cyclone meets ETSI EN 301 893 v1.2.3 for Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS). DFS is a requirement in certain countries of the EU for systems like Cyclone to detect interference from other systems, notably radar systems, and to avoid co-channel operation with these systems. All 5.4 GHz modules and all 5.7 GHz Connectorized modules running Release 8.1 have DFS. Other modules running Release 8.1 do not. With Release 8.
PAGE 134
Planning Guide Release 8 RECOMMENDATION: Where regulations require that radar sensing and radio shutdown is enabled, you can most effectively share the spectrum with satellite services if you perform spectrum analysis and select channels that are distributed evenly across the frequency band range. A connectorized 5.7-GHz module provides an Antenna Gain parameter.
PAGE 135
Planning Guide Release 8 12.4 USING LINK EFFICIENCY TO CHECK RECEIVED SIGNAL QUALITY A link test, available in the Link Capacity Test tab of the Tools web page in an AP or BH, provides a more reliable indication of received signal quality, particularly if you launch tests of varying duration. However, a link test interrupts traffic and consumes system capacity, so do not routinely launch link tests across your networks. 12.4.
PAGE 136
Planning Guide Release 8 Module Types Further Investigation Check the General Status tab of the Canopy SM.1 See Checking the Status of 2X Operation on Page 92. Result Recommended Action Uplink and downlink are both 2 ≥60% Efficiency. Rerun link tests. Uplink and downlink are both ≥60% Efficiency. Optionally, re-aim SM, add a reflector, or otherwise mitigate interference. In any case, continue 2X operation up and down. Results are inconsistent and range from 20% to 80% Efficiency.
PAGE 137
Planning Guide Release 8 12.5.1 900‐MHz Channels 900-MHz AP Available Channels A 900-MHz AP can operate with its 8-MHz wide channel centered on any of the following frequencies: 906 907 908 (All Frequencies in MHz) 909 912 915 918 922 910 913 916 919 923 911 914 917 920 924 900-MHz AP Cluster Recommended Channels Three non-overlapping channels are recommended for use in a 900-MHz AP cluster: (All Frequencies in MHz) 906 915 924 This recommendation allows 9 MHz of separation between channel centers.
PAGE 138
Planning Guide Release 8 In any case, ensure that your plan allows at least 20 MHz of separation between channels. 12.5.3 5.2‐GHz Channels Channel selections for the AP in the 5.2-GHz frequency band range depend on whether the AP is deployed in cluster. 5.2-GHz BH and Single AP Available Channels A BH or a single 5.2-GHz AP can operate in the following channels, which are separated by 5-MHz increments. (All Frequencies in GHz) 5.275 5.280 5.285 5.290 5.295 5.300 5.305 5.310 5.315 5.320 5.
PAGE 139
Planning Guide Release 8 5.
PAGE 140
Planning Guide Release 8 12.5.6 5.7‐GHz Channels Channel selections for the AP in the 5.7-GHz frequency band range depend on whether the AP is deployed in cluster. 5.7-GHz BH and Single AP Available Channels A BH or a single 5.7-GHz AP enabled for frequencies can operate in the following channels, which are separated by 5-MHz increments. (All Frequencies in GHz) 5.735 5.765 5.795 5.825 5.740 5.770 5.800 5.830 5.745 5.775 5.805 5.835 5.750 5.780 5.810 5.840 5.755 5.785 5.815 5.760 5.790 5.
PAGE 141
Planning Guide Release 8 NOTE: The operator specifies the sector ID for the module as described under Sector ID on Page 443. Table 31: Example 900-MHz channel assignment by sector Direction of Access Point Sector Frequency Sector ID Symbol North (0°) 906 MHz 0 A Northeast (60°) 915 MHz 1 B Southeast (120°) 924 MHz 2 C South (180°) 906 MHz 3 A Southwest (240°) 915 MHz 4 B Northwest (300°) 924 MHz 5 C Table 32: Example 2.
PAGE 142
Planning Guide Release 8 Table 34: Example 5.4-GHz channel assignment by sector Direction of Access Point Sector Frequency North (0°) Sector ID Symbol 5.580 GHz 0 A Northeast (60°) 5.620 GHz 1 B Southeast (120°) 5.660 GHz 2 C South (180°) 5.580 GHz 3 A Southwest (240°) 5.620 GHz 4 B Northwest (300°) 5.660 GHz 5 C Table 35: Example 5.7-GHz channel assignment by sector 12.5.9 Direction of Access Point Sector Frequency North (0°) Sector ID Symbol 5.
PAGE 143
Planning Guide Release 8 A A C B B C A C B A C B B C A B C A C B A A B C A C B A C B B C A B C A C B B C A A Figure 32: Example layout of 7 Access Point clusters 12.6 SELECTING SITES FOR NETWORK ELEMENTS The Cyclone APs must be positioned • with hardware that the wind and ambient vibrations cannot flex or move. • where a tower or rooftop is available or can be erected. • where a grounding system is available.
PAGE 144
Planning Guide Release 8 NOTE: Visual line of sight does not guarantee radio line of sight. 12.6.1 Resources for Maps and Topographic Images Mapping software is available from sources such as the following: • http://www.microsoft.com/streets/default.asp • • Microsoft Streets & Trips (with Pocket Streets) http://www.delorme.com/software.
PAGE 145
Planning Guide Release 8 12.6.3 • whether you will have collaborative rights and veto power to prevent interference to your equipment from wireless equipment that is installed at the site in the future. • whether a pre-existing grounding system (path to Protective Earth ) exists, and what is required to establish a path to it. • who is permitted to run any indoor lengths of cable. Assuring the Essentials In the 2.4-, 5.2-, 5.4-, and 5.
PAGE 146
Planning Guide Release 8 12.6.5 Clearing the Radio Horizon Because the surface of the earth is curved, higher module elevations are required for greater link distances. This effect can be critical to link connectivity in link spans that are greater than 8 miles (12 km). AntennaElevationCalcPage.xls calculates the minimum antenna elevation for these cases, presuming no landscape elevation difference from one end of the link to the other. 12.6.
PAGE 147
Planning Guide Release 8 To use English standard units to find the angle of elevation, use the following formula: B tan b = 5280A where B is expressed in feet A is expressed in miles. The angle of depression from the higher module is identical to the angle of elevation from the lower module. 12.7 COLLOCATING CYCLONE MODULES A BH and an AP or AP cluster on the same tower require a CMM.
PAGE 148
Planning Guide Release 8 However, the BHSs can be collocated at the same site only if one is on a different frequency band range from that of the other or one of the following conditions applies: ◦ They are vertically separated on a structure by at least 100 feet (30 m). ◦ They are vertically separated on a structure by less distance, but either • an RF shield isolates them from each other.
PAGE 149
Planning Guide Release 8 The collocated SM receives data in one frequency band, and the remote AP must redistribute the data in a different frequency band. Base your selection of frequency band ranges on regulatory restrictions, environmental conditions, and throughput requirements. IMPORTANT! Each relay hop (additional daisy-chained remote AP) adds latency to the link as follows: • approximately 6 msec where hardware scheduling is enabled. • approximately 15 msec where software scheduling is enabled.
PAGE 150
Planning Guide Release 8 2.4 GHz SM 2.4 GHz AP CANOPY CANOPY CANOPY CANOPY 2.4 GHz SM with Remote 900 MHz AP CANOPY 900 MHz SM CANOPY CANOPY 900 MHz SM CANOPY CANOPY CANOPY 900 MHz SM CANOPY 14 Mbps Maximum Aggregate Throughput LoS Range 2.