Apex Lifestyle Small Cell Reference Guide Version 4.2.3 DOC-3082-01 Document Revision 1.1.
© 2019 Casa Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Licensed software products are owned by Casa Systems or its suppliers and are protected by United States copyright laws and international treaty provisions. The information regarding the product in this manual is subject to change without notice. All statements, information, and recommendations in this manual are believed to be accurate but are presented without warranty of any kind, express or implied.
iii Contents Preface About this guide ................................................................................................... vii Safety Warnings.............................................................................................viii FCC Statement ............................................................................................... ix FCC Radiation Exposure Statement ............................................................... ix Revision history..........................
iv Reference Guide Contents Maximum simultaneous active users .......................................................... 1-7 Network connectivity ................................................................................... 1-7 Nominal power consumption ....................................................................... 1-7 Operating conditions ................................................................................... 1-7 Supported interfaces ............................................
Reference Guide v Contents MIMO and transmission modes .................................................................1-19 Radio resource management ....................................................................1-19 Mobility and service continuity ...................................................................1-20 SON (Self Organizing Networks) ...............................................................1-22 TWAMP Protocol Support ...........................................................
vi Reference Guide Contents Apex Lifestyle Small Cell
vii Preface About this guide The Casa Systems – Apex Lifestyle Small Cell Reference Guide is intended for system administrators, support engineers, and operators who are responsible for configuring and managing the Apex Lifestyle Small Cell products. Users who perform these tasks should be familiar with the Apex hardware and software capabilities, as well as have experience with both 3G and 4G technologies. The following topics are covered in this guide: For information about See Overview Chapter 1.
viii Reference Guide Preface Safety Warnings Caution: The device emits radio frequency electromagnetic energy. To comply with FCC RF exposure compliance requirements, this device must be installed to provide a separation distance >20 cm from all persons during normal operation. For operation within the 5GHz frequency range, this device is restricted to indoor environments. Warning: Read and understand the installation instructions and all safety warnings before connecting the unit to the power source.
Reference Guide ix Preface FCC Statement This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications.
x Reference Guide Preface Revision history This guide supports Version 4.2.3. See the Casa Systems – Apex Small Cell Release Notes for additional information on new functionality not yet covered in this guide. • 1.0.0 — October 2018; Draft version • 1.1.0 — January 2019; Released version Supported software releases The following Casa software release(s) are supported in this latest revision: • 4.2.2 — October 2018 • 4.2.3 — January 2019 Corporate facility Casa Systems, Inc.
Reference Guide xi Preface Technical documentation Casa Systems provides the following documentation set in PDF format, viewable using current versions of Adobe Reader©. The latest documentation and revisions are uploaded on a continued basis for Casa customers. Contact Casa Technical Support or a Casa Sales Representative for assistance with downloading selected Casa documentation PDFs.
xii Reference Guide Preface • 3GPP TS 32.111-2 – Fault Management; Part 2: Alarm Integration Reference Point (IRP): Information Service (IS) • 3GPP TS 32.453 – Performance measurements Home enhanced Node B (HeNB) Subsystem (HeNS) [http://www.3gpp.org/DynaReport/32453.htm] • 3GPP TS 32.592 – Home enhanced Node B (HeNB) Operations, Administration, Maintenance and Provisioning (OAM&P); Information model for Type 1 interface HeNB to HeNB Management System (AeMS) • 3GPP TS 32.
Reference Guide xiii Preface Conventions used in Casa documentation Key Convention Function Example Boldface font Commands and keywords are in boldface. Type abc, then press [ENTER] Italic font Emphasized terminology is in italics. burst profile brackets [ ] Elements in square brackets are optional. [portNumber] braces {x | y | z} Indicates a required argument with a choice of values; choose one.
xiv Reference Guide Preface Acronyms Casa Systems manuals contain the following industry-standard and product-specific acronyms: 3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project AES Advanced Encryption Standard CA Certificate Authority CBC Cypher Block Chaining (encryption mode) CDMA Code Division Multiple Access CPE Customer Premises Equipment C-RNTI Cell- Radio Network Temporary Identifier CSG Closed Subscriber Group (ID in PLMN) DES Data Encryption Standard DH Diffie-Hellman DHCP Dynamic Ho
Reference Guide xv Preface GTP General Packet Radio Service Tunneling Protocol GTPv2 GPRS Tunneling Protocol Version 2 HMAC Hashing Message Authentication Code HNB Home NodeB Gateway HNB-GW Home NodeB Gateway HPLMN Home Public Land Mobile Network HSDPA High-Speed Downlink Packet Access HSUPA High-Speed Uplink Packet Access IKE Internet Key Exchange IKEv2 Internet Key Exchange Protocol version 2 IMC International Mobile Communications IMS IP Multimedia Subsystem IMSI International
xvi Reference Guide Preface S1-U S1 User plane interface SA Security Association (for IPsec) SCTP Stream Control Transmission Protocol SeGW Security Gateway TAC Tracking Area Code TAI Tracking Area Identity TCP Transmission Control Protocol TD-SCDMA Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access UDP User Datagram Protocol UE User Equipment UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems UTRAN Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network X.
1-1 Chapter 1. Overview About this chapter This chapter provides information on the Apex Lifestyle Small Cell solution. The small cells communicate with the HeNB-GW (4G) which is a network element that concentrates small cells and connects them to the operator’s core network. An Apex Lifestyle Small Cell is typically deployed in customers premises. The small cells use IPsec/IKE protocols to provide secure backhaul of traffic to the HeNB-GW which provides connectivity for Small Cells to the 4G EPC.
1-2 Reference Guide About this chapter Topic Page Operating conditions 1-7 Supported interfaces 1-7 Weight 1-7 Apex Lifestyle Small Cell features 1-8 Hardware features 1-8 General and network related features 1-10 Plug and Play (PnP) connectivity 1-10 GPS location and synchronization 1-11 GPS antenna 1-11 Data connectivity 1-11 VoLTE 1-11 Open and closed subscriber group 1-14 Channel and bearer support 1-15 Scheduler features 1-17 Interference management 1-18 Modulation and
Reference Guide 1-3 Product overview Product overview The Apex Lifestyle Small Cell is a low-power RF emitting eNodeB for LTE RAN. Each Unit supports one LTE radio sector with two 50 MW(17 dBm) radio streams (4G) that is responsible for radio transmission and reception from UEs in a LTE network (see Figure 1-1). The Apex Lifestyle Small Cell provides radio coverage for LTE enabled devices and or handsets within a residential or enterprise coverage area.
1-4 Reference Guide Product overview Apex Lifestyle Small Cell overview Casa Systems’ Apex Lifestyle Small Cell is designed to provides the following: • Ease of installation: No dedicated LTE Backhaul needed. Connects to home broadband network using Ethernet. • Easy integration: Uses X.509 digital certificates to authenticate with the service provider's core network. Uses TR-069 over IPsec tunnel for integration with back-end management systems.
Reference Guide 1-5 Product overview Axyom Element Management System (AeMS) Casa Apex Lifestyle Small Cell is configured using the Axyom Element Management System (AeMS).
1-6 Reference Guide Technical specifications Technical specifications Following are the system specifications for the Apex Lifestyle Small Cell radio node frequency, bands of operation, system size, environmental requirements, power, and compliance.
Reference Guide 1-7 Technical specifications Maximum simultaneous active users • RRC connected users: 16 • Scheduled users/TTI: 2 Network connectivity • GigE Nominal power consumption 12V DC @1.5 A Operating conditions • Working temperature range: -20C to +65C • Relative humidity range: 20% to 95% Supported interfaces • S1-U • S1-MME • X2 • TR-069 Weight .5 KG/1.
1-8 Reference Guide Apex Lifestyle Small Cell features Apex Lifestyle Small Cell features The Apex Lifestyle Small Cell support the following features. Hardware features Backhaul Ethernet The Apex Lifestyle Small Cell supports gigabit Ethernet Wi-Fi Support 2.4GHz and 5.0 GHz Wi-Fi for wireless backhaul. Using Wi-Fi backhaul requires access to the Casa AeMS. Please consult your Casa representative for the availability of wireless backhaul.
Reference Guide 1-9 Apex Lifestyle Small Cell features • Supports TDD frame formats 1-6 • Supports TDD Special Sub Frame Configurations 0 to 8 (SSF0-SSF8). • Supports maximum noise figure of 3 dB • Minimum receive sensitivity: — 104.5dB for 5MHz, 10MHz, 15 MHz and 20MHz channel bandwidths with 25 PRB • The GPS antenna has Out-of-Band Rejection >= 65 dB @ 1559 MHz and @1625 MHz • Out Of Band Emission levels (OOBE) at GPS-L1 & L2 Bands are below -100 dBm/ MHz.
1-10 Reference Guide Apex Lifestyle Small Cell features General and network related features The Apex Lifestyle Small Cell is compliant with 3GPP LTE Release 9, Rel. 10, Rel. 11, and Rel. 12, and support specific Rel. 13 features like the enhanced X2 interface and new bands as Band 66. The following list of features varies with each AP model. • LTE TDD Release 13 • S1AP Compliant with 3GPP LTE Rel.9, Rel.10, Rel.11, Rel.12, Rel.13 • X2 Compliant with 3GPP LTE Rel.9, Rel.10, Rel.11, Rel.12, Rel.
Reference Guide 1-11 Apex Lifestyle Small Cell features GPS location and synchronization After powering up a unit, the unit must provide a GPS location before it can connect to the network and be available for service. This location can be acquired through GPS antenna (see below) or from Casa propitiatory small cell application. Contact your Casa representative for information on the application. The GPS can also be used for network synchronization. GPS antenna Built-in antenna.
1-12 Reference Guide Apex Lifestyle Small Cell features DRX and Autonomous Measurement Gap DRX and Autonomous Measurement Gap are key for efficient VoLTE service deployment. DRX in connected mode allows minimizing the battery consumption of the UE while optimizes the system access and load.
Reference Guide 1-13 Apex Lifestyle Small Cell features RLC AM mode RLC (Radio link Control) AM (Acknowledge Mode) is needed for successful inter-layer handover. It also allows minimizing the packet losses related with the IMS signaling. Traffic Prioritization The Apex Lifestyle Small Cell supports traffic prioritization to guarantee low latency for VoLTE and IMS packets.
1-14 Reference Guide Apex Lifestyle Small Cell features QOS Support Apex Lifestyle Small Cell supports the following QOS parameter, which is critical for managing voice services: QoS Management The Apex Lifestyle Small Cell manage all system bearers according to the QoS characteristics defined by the EPC. QCI parametrization QCI and dedicated bearer parametrization is made according to the GBR, MBR, and maximum latency of each service.
Reference Guide 1-15 Apex Lifestyle Small Cell features This operation mode is also used for pre-emption and access control algorithms, defining the available resources for CSG and non-CSG users in terms of resource (blocks, bearers).
1-16 Reference Guide Apex Lifestyle Small Cell features • Support of QCIs 1 – 9 • Support of Operator specific QCIs • Broadcast of system information MIB/SIB 1 to 6 as per the 3GPP specification • Broadcast of system information SIB 9 to 12 as per the 3GPP specification • Paging • RRC Connection Re-establishment • E-RAB modification support • S1 Reset procedure • Support of S1 Apex Lifestyle Small Cell/MME configuration transfer procedure • Support of S1 Apex Lifestyle Small Cell config
Reference Guide 1-17 Apex Lifestyle Small Cell features Scheduler features The Medium Access Control (MAC) layer and the scheduler are critical in the performance of any wireless system and especially for LTE in particular. Stack MAC layer and its real-time LTE scheduler have been designed and developed to fulfill the operator requirements with advanced scheduling and prioritization algorithms.
1-18 Reference Guide Apex Lifestyle Small Cell features Interference management Both static and dynamic ICIC algorithmic are supported, being able to define different operation profiles and environment, including intra-vendor and inter-vendor scenarios. For inter-vendor scenarios, the X2AP Load Indication procedure including RNTP, IOI and HII Information Elements are used in order to optimize the HetNet environment.
Reference Guide 1-19 Apex Lifestyle Small Cell features Modulation and link adaptation The different LTE modulation and codification schemes for supporting Cat 1-6 UEs are supported. The SW integrates Link adaptation and Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request. The following Modulation and Coding Schemes defined by the 3GPP LTE Rel.
1-20 Reference Guide Apex Lifestyle Small Cell features Mobility and service continuity Mobility refers to the cell change when the UE is in idle mode, while service continuity refers to the cell change when the UE is in connected state, thus requiring the handover of a voice call or a data connection. Given that the Apex Lifestyle Small Cell is a low power node, it is critical that the UE uses not only the best serving cell criteria, but also the priorities for cell reselection.
Reference Guide 1-21 Apex Lifestyle Small Cell features system allows the configuration and parameterization of all the handover parameters and thresholds, providing independent control per technology and frequency.
1-22 Reference Guide Apex Lifestyle Small Cell features • Cell reselection to WCDMA / 3G • Cell reselection to GSM / 2G • 3GPP Release 8 Absolute Priority based cell re-selection in HCS • Lossless LTE Inter frequency inter Apex Lifestyle Small Cell handover • Lossless LTE Inter frequency inter vendor Apex Lifestyle Small Cell handover • RRC Connection Release with Redirect intra-LTE • RRC Connection Release with Redirect to UMTS • RRC Connection Release with Redirect intra-LTE with SI • E
Reference Guide 1-23 Apex Lifestyle Small Cell features Casa System has developed a hybrid Son architecture using both cSON (implemented on AeMS) and dSON (deployed on Apex Lifestyle Small Cells). — The solution is fully compliant with the new Apex Lifestyle Small Cell Forum’s SON API. — Configuration Management and reporting of PM is performed by the OAM interface of the 3GPP standard existing TR-069 and the X2 interfaces.
1-24 Reference Guide Apex Lifestyle Small Cell features • Plug & Play self-configuration based on TR-069 • Automatic authentication of Apex Lifestyle Small Cell • Automatic download and activation of the Apex Lifestyle Small Cell operating parameters, operating profile, firmware and configuration file.
Reference Guide 1-25 Apex Lifestyle Small Cell features • Automatic Neighbor Relations (ANR) Function: automatically builds the Neighbor Lists of the Apex Lifestyle Small Cell for LTE intra & inter-frequency cells and for 3G cells.
1-26 Reference Guide Apex Lifestyle Small Cell features TWAMP Protocol Support • Casa implementation complies with RFC 5357. • Casa implementation only supports unauthenticated mode between the client and server. Security The Apex Lifestyle Small Cell includes a distribution of IPSec software compatible with carrier class SeGWs based in IPSec standards. It uses the tunnel mode with ESP packets for establishing the secured connection between the Apex Lifestyle Small Cell and the SeGW.
Reference Guide 1-27 Apex Lifestyle Small Cell features • The TrE is based on a trusted root that cannot be removed. It is based on hardware registers and an encrypted Flash partition, defined as TrustZone which is not accessible from the operating system. It is accessible through a set of functions that do not disclose the content of this memory, only enabling the use of the stored information.
1-28 Reference Guide Apex Lifestyle Small Cell features • Support of CMPv2 for certificate renewal • Access control at the Apex Lifestyle Small Cell for UEs without support of CSG (for UEs with CSG capabilities, the access control is performed by the MME).
Reference Guide 1-29 Apex Lifestyle Small Cell features SON Support Casa supports a hybrid SON architecture combining dSON and cSON using TR-069. Distributed SON (D-SON) offers real time automation and ‘embedded’ RF control at the Small Cells. D-SON allows the eNodeB’s to rapidly adjust to their RF environment.
1-30 Reference Guide Apex Lifestyle Small Cell features Supported OM/KPIs The Performance Counters and KPIs supported by the Apex Lifestyle Small Cell are fully compliant to the following standards: • TS 32.401 - Telecommunication management; Performance Management (PM); Concept and requirements • TS 32.411 - Telecommunication management; Performance Management (PM) Integration Reference Point (IRP): Requirements • TS 32.
Reference Guide 1-31 Apex Lifestyle Small Cell features The details of the supported Apex Lifestyle Small Cell OM/KPIs and counters can be further analyzed in the Casa Systems – Apex Small Cell OM Counters Reference Guide and the Casa Systems – Apex Small Cell Parameters Reference Guide.
1-32 Reference Guide Apex Lifestyle Small Cell features 20030 20031 20032 20033 20034 20035 20036 20037 20038 Apex Lifestyle Small Cell invalidPhyOrRfConfiguration systemInformationConfigurationFailure Failed backing-up configuration file Failed restoring configuration file Single MME connection is down IPsec tunnel is down IPsec tunnel expiry IPsec IKE SA expiry Operator Certificate Expired
2-1 Chapter 2. Installation and Configuration About this chapter This chapter covers the required installation and configuration items for the Apex Lifestyle Small Cell.
2-2 Reference Guide Software update procedure Software update procedure This section covers the procedures for updating the application image for the Apex Lifestyle Small Cell with the AeMS. Downloading the Apex Lifestyle Small Cell distribution image Contact your Casa representative for your upgrade needs. Once an upgrade candidate is identified, the AeMS will push the software out to the small cell. Software can be downloaded from the Casa FTP site.
Reference Guide 2-3 Configuring the Apex Lifestyle Small Cell Configuring the Apex Lifestyle Small Cell In order to access the web-based Graphical User Interface of the Axyom Element Management System (AeMS), the system administrator has different options. Note: The AeMS is designed to be compatible with Google Chrome and it has been optimized for a screen resolution of at least 1280x1024 pixels.
2-4 Reference Guide Configuring the Apex Lifestyle Small Cell 5. The following parameters are configured in a typical Apex Lifestyle Small Cell installation. Refer to the Casa Systems – Axyom Element Management System (AeMS) Administration Guide for detail procedures to configure the Apex Lifestyle Small Cell. — Identify DHCP address assigned — Disable watchdog reboot (by default, the Apex Lifestyle Small Cell is configured with the watchdog enabled).
100 Old River Road Andover, MA 01810 USA 978-688-6706 Apex Lifestyle Small Cell Reference Guide © 2019 Casa Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. DOC-3082-01 Document Revision 1.1.
