21X MICROLOGGER OPERATOR’S MANUAL REVISION: 3/96 COPYRIGHT (c) 1984-1996 CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC.
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WARRANTY AND ASSISTANCE The 21X MICROLOGGER is warranted by CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC. to be free from defects in materials and workmanship under normal use and service for thirty-six (36) months from date of shipment unless specified otherwise. Batteries have no warranty. CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC.'s obligation under this warranty is limited to repairing or replacing (at CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC.'s option) defective products.
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21X OPERATOR'S MANUAL TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE WARRANTY AND ASSISTANCE SELECTED OPERATING DETAILS ............................................................................................. V CAUTIONARY NOTES ..................................................................................................................... VI OVERVIEW OV1. PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION OV1.1 OV1.2 OV1.3 OV1.4 OV1.5 OV1.6 Analog Inputs .............................................................................................
TABLE OF CONTENTS PROGRAMMING PAGE 1. 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 2. 2.1 2.2 2.3 3. 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 FUNCTIONAL MODES Program Tables - *1, *2, and *3 Modes ................................................................................. 1-1 Setting and Displaying the Clock - *5 Mode ........................................................................... 1-2 Displaying and Altering Input Memory or Flags - *6 Mode .....................................................
TABLE OF CONTENTS PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES PAGE 7. 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 7.10 7.11 7.12 7.13 7.14 7.15 7.16 8. 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES Differential Voltage - LI200S Silicon Pyranometer ..................................................................7-1 Datalogger and Sensor with a Common External Power Supply............................................7-1 Thermocouple Temperatures Using 21X Reference ...................................................
TABLE OF CONTENTS INSTALLATION PAGE 14. INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 14.7 14.8 14.9 14.10 Protection From the Environment ........................................................................................ 14-1 Power Requirements............................................................................................................ 14-2 21X Power Supplies .............................................................................................................
SELECTED OPERATING DETAILS 1. Storing Data - Data is stored in Final Storage only by Output Processing Instructions and only when the Output Flag is set. (Sections OV2 and OV3.3) PROMs are available which have different combinations of instructions. Appendix B describes the options available and gives the signatures of the current PROMS. 2. Storing Date and Time Date and time are stored in Final Storage ONLY if the Real Time Instruction 77 is used. (Section 11) 3.
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CAUTIONARY NOTES 1. Damage will occur to the analog input circuitry if voltages in excess of ±16 V are applied for a sustained period. Voltages in excess of ±8V will cause errors and possible overranging on other analog input channels. 3. The sealed lead acid batteries used with the 21XL are permanently damaged if discharged below 11.76 V. The cells are rated at a 2.5 Ahr capacity but experience a slow discharge even in storage.
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21X MICROLOGGER OVERVIEW The 21X Micrologger combines precision measurement with processing and control capability in a single battery operated system. Campbell Scientific, Inc. provides three documents to aid in understanding and operating the 21X: 1. 2. 3. This Overview The 21X Operator's Manual The 21X Prompt Sheet This Overview introduces the concepts required to take advantage of the 21X's capabilities. Hands-on programming examples start in Section OV4.
21X MICROLOGGER OVERVIEW The 9-pin serial I/O port provides connection to data storage peripherals, such as the SM192/716 Storage Module or RC35 Cassette Recorder, and provides serial communication to computer or modem devices for data transfer or remote programming (Section 6). This 9 pin port does NOT have the same pin configuration as the 9 pin serial ports currently used on many personal computers. An SC32A is required to interface the 21X to a RS232 serial port (Section 6).
21X MICROLOGGER OVERVIEW OV1.2 SWITCHED EXCITATION OUTPUTS The first four numbered terminals on the lower terminal strip are the SWITCHED EXCITATION channels. These supply programmable excitation voltages for resistive bridge measurements. The excitation channels are only switched on during the measurement. OV1.
21X MICROLOGGER OVERVIEW Sensor Control INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS Specify the conversion of a sensor signal to a data value and store it in Input Storage. Programmable entries specify: (1) the measurement type (2) the number of channels to measure (3) the input voltage range (4) the Input Storage Location (5) the sensor calibration constants used to convert the sensor output to engineering units I/O Instructions also control analog outputs and digital control ports.
21X MICROLOGGER OVERVIEW 3. Final Storage - Final, processed values are stored here for transfer to printer, tape, solid state Storage Module or for retrieval via telecommunication links. Values are stored in Final Storage only by the Output Processing Instructions and only when the Output Flag is set in the users program. The 19,296 locations allocated to Final Storage at power up is reduced if Input or Intermediate Storage is increased. 4.
21X MICROLOGGER OVERVIEW Table 1. Execute every x sec. 0.0125 < x < 6553 Instructions are executed sequentially in the order they are entered in the table. One complete pass through the table is made each execution interval unless program control instructions are used to loop or branch execution. Normal Order: MEASURE PROCESS CHECK OUTPUT COND. OUTPUT PROCESSING Table 2. Execute every y sec. 0.
21X MICROLOGGER OVERVIEW 21X. Work through the direct programming examples in this overview before using EDLOG and you will have the basics of 21X operation as well as an appreciation for the help provided by the software. Section OV3.5 describes options for loading the program into the 21X. OV3.1 FUNCTIONAL MODES User interaction with the 21X is broken into different functional MODES, (e.g.
21X MICROLOGGER OVERVIEW OV3.4 INSTRUCTION FORMAT Instructions are identified by an instruction number. Each instruction has a number of parameters that give the 21X the information it needs to execute the instruction. The 21X Prompt Sheet has the instruction numbers in red, with the parameters briefly listed in columns following the description. Some parameters are footnoted with further description under the "Instruction Option Codes" heading.
X MICROLOGGER OVERVIEW OV4.1 SAMPLE PROGRAM 1 The 21X has a thermistor built into the input panel that measures the panel temperature and provides a reference for thermocouple temperature measurements. In this example the 21X is programmed to read the panel temperature every 5 seconds and send the results directly to Final Storage. TURN ON THE POWER SWITCH AND PROCEED AS INDICATED Key Display Shows (ID:Data) Explanation -- HELLO On power-up, the 21X displays "hello" while it checks the memory.
21X MICROLOGGER OVERVIEW Key Display Shows (ID:Data) Explanation *0 :LOG 1 Exit Table 1, enter *0 mode to compile table and begin measurements. *6 06:0000 Enter *6 mode to view Input Storage. A 01:21.234 Advance to Input Storage location 1. Panel temperature is 21.234oC. Wait a few seconds: 01:21.423 The measurement will be updated every 5 seconds when a new measurement is made. At this point the 21X is measuring the temperature every 5 seconds and sending the value to Input Storage.
21X MICROLOGGER OVERVIEW Key Display Shows (ID:Data) Explanation A 02:0000 Enter repetition and advance to the second parameter which specifies the first Input Storage location to sample. 1 02:1 Input Storage location 1, where the panel temperature is stored. A 04:P00 Enter location and advance to fourth instruction location. Note that a value is not entered into memory until A is keyed. If *0 was keyed after the 1 in the previous step, the location would not be entered and would remain 0.
21X MICROLOGGER OVERVIEW will be inserted at that point in the table, advance through and enter the parameters. The Instruction that was at that point and all instructions following it will be pushed down to follow the inserted instruction. An instruction is deleted by advancing to the instruction number (P in display) and keying #D (Table OV3-2). value then key A. Note that the new value is not entered until A is keyed.
21X MICROLOGGER OVERVIEW Parameter 3 specifies the channel on which to make the first measurement. Parameter 6 specifies the Input Storage location in which to store the first channel measurement. If multiple repetitions are specified, measurements from sequential channels are stored in adjacent input locations beginning with the location specified in Parameter 6. For Example, if there are 5 repetitions and the first measurement is stored in location 3, the final measurement will be stored in location 7.
21X MICROLOGGER OVERVIEW Instruction (Loc.:Entry) Parameter (Par.#:Entry) 04:P77 01:10 05:P71 01:1 02:2 To obtain daily output, the If Time instruction is again used to set the Output Flag and is followed by the Output Instructions to store time and the daily maximum and minimum temperatures and the time each occurs. Any Program Control Instruction which is used to set the Output Flag high will set it low if the conditions are not met for setting it high.
21X MICROLOGGER OVERVIEW Key Display Shows (ID:Data) Explanation *5 00:21:32 Enter *5 mode. Clock running but not set correctly. A 05:89 Advance to YEAR location. 90 05:90 Key in current year (1990). A 05:0076 Enter and advance to day of year. 197 05:197 Key in day of year. The 21X Prompt Sheet has a day of year calendar. A 05:00:21 Enter and advance to hour and minute. 1324 05:1324 Key in hrs:min (1:24 PM in this example). A :13:24:01 Clock set and running.
21X MICROLOGGER OVERVIEW and exchanged for the one which is retrieved so that data collection can continue uninterrupted. 2. Bring a storage device to the datalogger and transfer all the data that has accumulated in Final Storage since the last visit. this process for IBM PC/XT/AT/PS-2's and compatibles. Regardless of which method is used, the retrieval of data from the datalogger does NOT erase those data from Final Storage. The data remain in the ring memory until: - 3.
21X MICROLOGGER OVERVIEW FIGURE OV5-1.
21X MICROLOGGER OVERVIEW OV6.
SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES 1.1 PROGRAM TABLES - *1, *2, AND *3 MODES Data acquisition and processing functions are controlled by instructions contained in program tables. Programming can be separated into 2 tables, each having its own programmable execution interval. A third table is available for programming subroutines which may be called by instructions in Tables 1 or 2 or by a special interrupt. The *1 and *2 Modes are used to access Tables 1 and 2. The *3 Mode is used to access Subroutine Table 3.
SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES 1.1.3 TABLE PRIORITY/INTERRUPTS Table 1 execution has priority over Table 2. If Table 2 is being executed when it is time to execute Table 1, Table 2 will be interrupted. After Table 1 is completed, Table 2 resumes at the point of interruption. If the execution interval of Table 2 coincides with Table 1, Table 1 will be executed first, followed by Table 2.
SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES TABLE 1.3-1. *6 Mode Commands Key Action A Advance to next location or enter new value Back-up to previous location Change value in displayed location(Key C, then value, then A) Display/alter user flags Display current location and allow a location no. to be keyed in, followed by A to jump to that location Exit *6 Mode B C D # * 1.3.1 DISPLAYING AND ALTERING INPUT STORAGE When *6 is keyed, the display will read "06:0000".
SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES compilation. The display is not updated after entering *0. When the *0, *B, or *D Mode is used to compile, all output ports and flags are set low, the timer (Instruction 26) is reset, and data values contained in Input and Intermediate Storage are RESET TO ZERO. The 21X should normally be left in the *0 Mode when logging data. This Mode requires slightly less power than Modes which frequently update the display. 1.5 MEMORY ALLOCATION - *A 1.5.
SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES 1.5.2 *A MODE The *A Mode is used to 1) determine the number of locations allocated to Input, Intermediate, and Final Storage; 2) repartition this memory; 3) check the number of bytes remaining in program memory; 4) erase Final Storage; and 5) to completely reset the datalogger. When *A is keyed, the first value displayed is the number of memory locations allocated to Input Storage. Press A to advance through the memory values. Table 1.
SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES 1.6 MEMORY TESTING AND SYSTEM STATUS - *B The *B Mode is used to 1) read the signature of the program memory and the software PROMs, 2) display the power-up memory status, 3) display the number of E08 occurrences (Section 3.10), 4) display the number of overrun occurrences (Section 1.1.1), and 5) display PROM version and revision number. Table 1.61 describes what the values seen in the *B Mode represent. The correct signatures of the 21X PROMs are listed in Appendix B.
SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES TABLE 1.7-1. *C Mode Entries and Codes Key Entry Display ID: Data *C 12:0000 A A 01:00 02:XXXX A Description Enter current password. If correct, then advance, else exit *C Mode. 12:00 indicates *C Mode is not in PROMs. If security is disabled, *C advances directly to window 1. Window 1, enter command: 00 = disable security and advance to window 2; subsequent *0 or *6 enables security.
SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES 1.8.1 TRANSFER TO COMPUTER/PRINTER This section describes commands 1 and 2 (Table 1.8-1). TERM (PC208 Software) automatically uses these commands for uploading and downloading programs. SENDING ASCII PROGRAM INFORMATION Command 1 is to send the program listing in ASCII. At the end of the listing, the 21X sends control E (5 hex or decimal) twice. Except when in telecommunications, the baud rate code must be entered after command 1. Table 1.
SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES 4. A semicolon (;) tells the 21X to ignore the rest of the line and can be used after an entry so that a comment can be added.
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SECTION 2. INTERNAL DATA STORAGE output array. For example, the ID of 118 in Figure 2.1-2 indicates that the 18th instruction in Table 1 set the Output Flag high. 2.1 FINAL STORAGE AREAS, OUTPUT ARRAYS, AND MEMORY POINTERS Final Storage is that portion of memory where final, processed data are stored. Data must be sent to Final Storage before they can be transferred to a computer or external storage peripheral. The size of Final Storage is expressed in terms of memory locations or bytes.
SECTION 2. INTERNAL DATA STORAGE The Data Storage Pointer (DSP) is used to determine where to store each new data point in the Final Storage area. The DSP advances to the next available memory location after each new data point is stored. The DPTR is used to recall data to the LCD display. The positioning of this pointer and data recall are controlled from the keyboard (*7 Mode). The TPTR is used to control data transmission to a cassette tape recorder.
SECTION 2. INTERNAL DATA STORAGE The resolution of the low resolution format is reduced to 3 significant digits when the first (left most) digit is 7 or greater (Table 2.2-2). Thus, it may be necessary to use high resolution output or an offset to maintain the desired resolution of a measurement. For example, if water level is to be measured and output to the nearest 0.01 foot, the level must be less than 70 feet for low resolution output to display the 0.01 foot increment.
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SECTION 3. INSTRUCTION SET BASICS The instructions used to program the 21X are divided into 4 types: Input/Output (I/O), Processing, Output Processing, and Program Control. I/O Instructions are used to make measurements and store the readings in input locations or to initiate analog or digital port output. Processing Instructions perform numerical operations using data from Input Storage locations and place the results back into specified Input Storage locations.
SECTION 3. INSTRUCTION SET BASICS counter. The loop counter is added to the indexed value to determine the actual input location the instruction acts on. Normally the loop counter is incremented by 1 after each pass through the loop. Instruction 90, Step Loop Index, allows the increment step to be changed. See Instructions 87 and 90, Section 12, for more details. the sensor being measured. Using the smallest possible range will result in the best resolution for the measurement.
SECTION 3. INSTRUCTION SET BASICS location value is updated by an I/O Instruction. For example: Suppose a temperature measurement is initiated by Table 1 which has an execution interval of 1 second. The instructions to output the average temperature every 10 minutes are in Table 2 which has an execution interval of 10 seconds.
SECTION 3. INSTRUCTION SET BASICS set high. This flag is used to restrict sampling for averages, totals, maxima, minima, etc., to times when certain criteria are met. The flag is automatically set low at the beginning of the program table. As an example, suppose it is desired to obtain a wind speed rose incorporating only wind speeds greater than or equal to 4.5 m/s. The wind speed rose is computed using the Histogram Instruction 75, and wind speed is stored in Input location 14, in m/s.
SECTION 3. INSTRUCTION SET BASICS If Then/Else comparisons may be nested to form logical AND or OR branching. Figure 3.8-2 illustrates an AND construction. If conditions A and B are true, the instructions included between IF B and the first End Instruction will be executed. If either of the conditions is false, execution will jump to the corresponding End Instruction, skipping the instructions between.
SECTION 3. INSTRUCTION SET BASICS nested 2 deep while the OR construction is nested 3 deep. Branching and loop nesting starts at zero within each subroutine and then returns to the previous level after returning from the subroutine. Subroutine calls do not count as nesting with the above instructions. They have a separate nesting limit of seven (Instruction 85, Section 12). Any number of groups of nested instructions may be used in any of the three Programming Tables.
SECTION 3. INSTRUCTION SET BASICS TABLE 3.9-2. Processing Instruction Memory and Execution Times R = No. of Reps. INSTRUCTION 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 Z=F Z=X Z=Z+1 Z=X+Y Z=X+F Z=X-Y Z=X*Y Z=X*F Z=X/Y Z=SQRT(X) Z=LN(X) Z=EXP(X) Z=1/X Z=ABS(X) Z=FRAC(X) Z=INT(X) Z=X MOD F Z=XY Z=SIN(X) SPA MAX SPA MIN SPA AVG A*X+B BLOCK MOVE POLYNOMIAL SAT VP WDT-VP LP FILTER X/(1-X) FFT INDIR MOVE 62 66 COV/COR ARC TAN INPUT LOC. MEMORY INTER. PROG.
SECTION 3. INSTRUCTION SET BASICS TABLE 3.9-3. Output Instruction Memory and Execution Times R = No. of Reps. INSTRUCTION INTER. LOC. 69 WIND VECTOR MEMORY FINAL VALUES1 70 SAMPLE 71 AVERAGE 72 TOTALIZE 73 MAXIMIZE 74 MINIMIZE 75 HISTOGRAM 0 1+R R (1 or 2)R (1 or 2)R 1+bins*R (2, 3, or 4)R 12 Options 00, 01, 02 Options 10, 11, 12 R 5 R 7 R 7 (1,2,or3)R 8 (1,2,or3)R 8 bins*R 24 77 REAL TIME 78 RESOLUTION 79 SMPL ON MM 80 STORE AREA 81 RAINFLOW HISTOGRAM 82 STD. DEV.
SECTION 3. INSTRUCTION SET BASICS 3.10 ERROR CODES There are four types of errors flagged by the 21X: Compile, Run Time, Editor, and *D Mode. When an error is detected an E is displayed followed by the 2 digit error code. Compile errors are errors in programming which are detected once the program is keyed in and compiled for the first time (*0, *6, or *B Mode entered). Run Time errors are detected while the program is running. Error 31 is the result of a programming error.
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SECTION 4. EXTERNAL STORAGE PERIPHERALS External data storage devices are used to provide a data transfer medium that the user can carry from the test site to the lab and to supplement the internal storage capacity of the 21X, allowing longer periods between visits to the site. The standard data storage peripherals for the 21X are the cassette tape (Section 4.3) and the Storage Module (Section 4.4). Output to a printer or related device is also possible (Section 4.5).
SECTION 4. EXTERNAL STORAGE PERIPHERALS Only one of the options 1x, 2x, or 30 may be used in a program. If using a SM64 Storage Module, output code 21 should be used. Use of the SM192/716 is discussed further in Section 4.4, print output formats are discussed in Section 4.5. Section 4.3 contains specifics on the cassette recorder. Note that tape operation is for above freezing temperatures only. 4.1.
SECTION 4. EXTERNAL STORAGE PERIPHERALS a field site, dump the residual data before removing the tape. TABLE 4.2-1. *8 Mode Entries Key Display ID:DATA *8 08:00 Enter *8 Mode, key A to advance to first window. A 01:XXXXX Start of Dump location, initially the TPTR location, a different location may be keyed in if desired. A 02:XXXXX End of Dump location, initially the DSP location, a different location may be keyed in if desired.
SECTION 4. EXTERNAL STORAGE PERIPHERALS When on-line Storage Module or printer transfer is not enabled and the *9 Mode is used to dump new data, the start of dump pointer (PPTR) will remain where it was when the dump was completed or aborted until the next time the *9 Mode is entered. If the End of Dump location (window 2) is changed while in the *9 Mode, the TPTR will be set to its previous value when the *9 Mode is exited. Changing the program and compiling moves the PPTR to the current DSP location.
SECTION 4. EXTERNAL STORAGE PERIPHERALS POWER SUPPLY The 21X's internal power supply will power the recorder during periods of data transfer, but will NOT be available to play, advance, or back-up tapes. In order to perform these functions during setup and check-out operations, the recorder requires 4 alkaline AA batteries or the 120 VAC adapter. OPERATING TEMPERATURE LIMITATIONS The cassette recorder is recommended for use in an environmental operating temperature range of 0° to +40°C.
SECTION 4. EXTERNAL STORAGE PERIPHERALS 3. Insert the plugs on the free end of the SC92A or SC93A into the DC-IN and MIC (and Ear if SC93A) jacks on the recorder. old. The Storage Modules must be retrieved before the module configured as ring memory wraps around memory a second time. 4. Simultaneously press the RECORD and PLAY buttons on the recorder to set it for recording. With the DC-IN Jack plugged in, the tape will not move until the dump occurs. 4.4.2 STORAGE MODULE USE WITH INSTRUCTION 96 5.
SECTION 4. EXTERNAL STORAGE PERIPHERALS 1. Connect the Storage Module to the 21X using the SC12 cable. 2. Enter the appropriate commands as listed in Table 4.2-2. 4.5 PRINTER OUTPUT FORMATS Printer output can be sent in the binary Final Storage Format (Appendix C.2) or Printable ASCII. If using the *4 Mode to enable on-line output, Printable ASCII is the only format available. In the Printable ASCII format each data point is preceded by a 2 digit data point ID and a + or sign.
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SECTION 5. TELECOMMUNICATIONS Telecommunications allows a computer to retrieve data directly from Final Storage and may be used to program the 21X and monitor sensor readings in real time. Any user communication with the 21X that makes use of a computer or terminal instead of the 21X keyboard is through Telecommunications.
SECTION 5. TELECOMMUNICATIONS 5. CR to datalogger means "execute". 6. CRLF from datalogger means "executing command". 7. ANY character besides a CR sent to the datalogger with a legal command in its buffer causes the datalogger to abort the command sequence with CRLF* and to zero the command buffer. 8. All commands return a response code, usually at least a checksum. 9.
SECTION 5. TELECOMMUNICATIONS [YR:DAY:HR:MM:SS]C RESET/SEND TIME - If time is entered the time is reset. If only 2 colons are in the time string, HR:MM:SS is assumed; 3 colons means DAY:HR:MM:SS. If only the C is entered, time is unaltered. 21X returns year, Julian day, hr:min:sec, and Checksum: Y:xx Dxxxx Txx:xx:xx Cxxxx [no. of arrays]D ASCII DUMP - If necessary, the MPTR is advanced to the next start of array.
SECTION 5. TELECOMMUNICATIONS awaiting another command. So the user can step back and forth between the Telecommunications Command State and the Remote Keyboard State. Remote Keyboard State, use *6 (Section 1.1.4). The 21X display will show "LOG" when *0 is executed via telecommunications. It will not indicate active tables (enter *0 via the keyboard and the display will show the tables). Keying *0 will compile and run the 21X program if program changes have been made.
SECTION 6. 9 PIN SERIAL INPUT/OUTPUT 6.1 PIN DESCRIPTION All external communication peripherals connect to the 21X through the 9-pin serial I/O connector (Figure 6.1-1). Table 6.1-1 gives a brief description of each pin's function. FIGURE 6.1-1. 9 Pin Connector TABLE 6.1-1. Pin Description ABR PIN O I PIN ABR I/O 1 5V O 2 G = = = = Abbreviation for the function name. Pin number. Signal Out of the 21X to a peripheral. Signal Into the 21X from a peripheral.
SECTION 6. 9 PIN SERIAL INPUT/OUTPUT 6.2 ENABLING PERIPHERALS Several peripherals may be connected in parallel to the 9-pin port. The 21X directs data to a particular peripheral by raising the voltage on a specific pin dedicated to the peripheral; the peripheral is enabled when the pin goes high. Three pins are dedicated to specific devices, Tape Enable pin 8, Modem Enable pin 5, and Print Enable pin 6. Tape Enable (TE), pin 8, is raised to 12 volts to power the tape recorder.
SECTION 6. 9 PIN SERIAL INPUT/OUTPUT 6.5.1 SC32A INTERFACE Most computers, terminals, and printers require the SC32A Optically Isolated RS232 Interface for a "direct" connection to the 21X. The SC32A raises the 21X's ring line when it receives characters from the computer or terminal, and converts the 21X's logic levels (0V logic low, 5V logic high) to RS232 logic levels.
SECTION 6. 9 PIN SERIAL INPUT/OUTPUT If the computer is configured as DCE equipment (pin 2 is an input for RD), a null modem cable is required. See the SC32A manual for details. 6.5.3 COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL/TROUBLE SHOOTING The ASCII standard defines an alphabet consisting of 128 different characters where each character corresponds to a number, letter, symbol, or control code.
SECTION 6. 9 PIN SERIAL INPUT/OUTPUT modem, especially when implemented by computer software. To overcome the limitations of half duplex, some communications links expect a terminal sending data to also write the data to the screen. This saves the remote device having to echo that data back. If, when communicating with a Campbell Scientific device, characters are displayed twice (in pairs), it is likely that the terminal is set to half duplex rather than the correct setting of full duplex.
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SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES This section gives some examples of Input Programming for common sensors used with the 21X. These examples detail only the connections, Input, Program Control, and Processing Instructions necessary to perform measurements and store the data in engineering units in Input Storage. Output Processing Instructions are omitted. It is left for the user to program the necessary instructions to obtain the final data in the form desired.
SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES Figure 7.2-1. Since a single- ended measurement is referenced to the 21X ground, any voltage difference between the sensor ground and 21X ground becomes a measurement error. A differential measurement avoids this error by measuring the signal between the two leads without reference to ground. corrected in programming. However, it is better to use a differential voltage measurement which does not rely on the current drain remaining constant.
SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES 3 (high and low sides of differential channel 1 and high side of 2). PROGRAM FIGURE 7.4-1. Thermocouples with External Reference Junction The temperature of the 107 Probe is stored in input location 1 and the thermocouple temperatures in Locations 2-6.
SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES 7.7 ANEMOMETER WITH PHOTOCHOPPER OUTPUT An anemometer with a photochopper transducer produces a pulsed output which is monitored with the Pulse Count Instruction, configured for High Frequency Pulses. The anemometer used in this example is the R.M. Young Model No. 12102D Cup Anemometer which has a 10 window chopper wheel. The photochopper circuitry is powered from the 21X or 21XL 12V supply. Supplemental charging, AC or solar, should be used with the 21XL.
SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES shortening switch life, a transient may be induced in other wires, packaged with the rain gauge leads, each time the switch closes. The 100 ohm resistor protects the switch from arcing and the associated transient from occurring, and should be included any time leads longer than 100 feet are used with a switch closure. PROGRAM 1 P 3 1 2 3 1 1 2 4 5 6 11 0.
SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES The fixed 100 ohm resistor must be thermally stable. Its precision is not important because the exact resistance is incorporated, along with that of the PRT, into the calibrated multiplier. The 10 ppm/oC temperature coefficient of the fixed resistor will limit the error due to its change in resistance with temperature to less than 0.15oC over the -10 to 40oC temperature range.
SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES Rs = R1 X'/(1-X') PROGRAM 01: P7 01: 1 02: 3 03: 1 04: 1 05: 4300 06: 1 07: 100.93 08: 0 3 Wire Half Bridge Rep 50 mV slow Range IN Chan Excite all reps w/EXchan 1 mV Excitation Loc [:Rs/R0 ] Mult Offset 02: 01: 02: 03: 04: 05: Temperature RTD Rep R/Ro Loc Rs/R0 Loc [:TEMP degC] Mult Offset P16 1 1 2 1 0 7.11 100 OHM PRT IN 4 WIRE FULL BRIDGE This example describes obtaining the temperature from a 100 ohm PRT in a 4 wire full bridge (Instruction 6).
SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES The relationship between temperature and PRT resistance is a slightly nonlinear one. Instruction 16 computes this relationship for a DIN standard PRT where the nominal temperature coefficient is 0.00385/oC. The change in nonlinearity of a PRT with the temperature coefficient of 0.00392/oC is minute compared with the slope change. Entering a slope correction factor of 0.00385/0.00392 = 0.
SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES 7.13 LYSIMETER - 6 WIRE FULL BRIDGE When a long cable is required between a load cell and the 21X, the resistance of the wire can create a substantial error in the measurement if the 4 wire full bridge (Instruction 6) is used to excite and measure the load cell. This error arises because the excitation voltage is lower at the load cell than at the 21X due to voltage drop in the cable.
SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES are that it requires an extra differential channel and the added expense of a 6 wire cable. In this case, the benefits are worth the expense. counterbalance is readjusted and the offset recalculated to provide a continuous record of the water budget. The load cell has a nominal full scale output of 3 millivolts per volt excitation. If the excitation is 5 volts, the full scale output is 15 millivolts; thus, the ±15 millivolt range is selected.
SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES voltage to the excitation voltage; this output is converted to gypsum block resistance with Instruction 59, Bridge Transform. The Campbell Scientific 227 Soil Moisture Block uses a Delmhorst gypsum block with a 1 kohm bridge completion resistor (there are also series capacitors to block DC current and degradation due to electrolysis.
SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES The manual for the 101 Probe gives the coefficients of the 5th order polynomial used to convert the output in millivolts to temperature (E denotes the power of 10 by which the mantissa is multiplied): C0 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 -53.7842 0.147974 -2.18755E-4 2.19046E-7 -1.11341E-10 2.33651E-14 The 21X will only allow 5 significant digits to the right or left of the decimal point to be entered from the keyboard.
SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES This measurement sequence should not be used to measure temperature on the 207 temperature and RH probe. The longer excitation/integration time could cause polarization of the RH element, shifting its calibration. The connections for this example are the same as for Example 7.5, where instruction 11 is used to measure three 107 Temperature Probes.
SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES This is a blank page.
SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES The following examples are intended to illustrate the use of Processing and Program Control Instructions, flags, and the capability to direct the results of Output Processing Instructions to Input Storage. The specific examples may not be as important as some of the techniques employed, for example: Directing Output Processing to Input Storage is used in the Running Average and Rainfall Intensity examples (8.1 and 8.2).
SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES 04: 01: 02: 03: 04: 05: P54 9 12 1 11 1 Block Move No. of Values First Source Loc Temp i-8 Source Step First Destin. Loc [:Temp i-9 ] Destination Step 05: 01: P86 10 Do Set high Flag 0 (output) 06: 01: 02: P70 1 2 Sample Rep Loc 10smpl av 07: P End Table 1 In the above example, all samples for the average are stored in input locations. This is necessary when an average must be output with each new sample.
SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES redirected to Final Storage Area 1, the time is output and the total is sampled. Input Location Labels: 1:Rain (mm) 2:15min tot * 01: 01: 01: 02: 03: 04: 05: 06: 1 60 Table 1 Programs Sec. Execution Interval P3 1 1 2 1 .
SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES FIGURE 8.3-1. AM416 Wiring Diagram For Thermocouple and Soil Moisture Block Measurements EXAMPLE PROGRAM MULTIPLEXING THERMOCOUPLES AND SOIL MOISTURE BLOCK * 01: 1 600 Table 1 Programs Sec.
SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES 13: * 01: 02: P A 35 64 End Table 1 Mode 10 Memory Allocation Input Locations Intermediate Locations 8.4 SUB 1 MINUTE OUTPUT INTERVAL SYNCHED TO REAL TIME by the execution interval, but some longer interval. In this example a temperature (type E thermocouple) is measured every 0.5 seconds and the average output every 30 seconds. Input Location Assignments: Instruction 92 has 1 minute resolution.
SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES While of questionable value because of current requirements and strip chart reliability, some archaic regulations require strip chart backup on weather data. The SDM-A04 may be used with the 21X to provide an additional four continuous analog outputs for strip charts. The output values in this example are wind speed, wind direction, air temperature, and solar radiation. Instruction 103 is used to activate the SDM-A04.
SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES 02: 03: 60 10 11: 01: 02: 03: 04: 05: P69 1 180 00 1 2 12: 01: 02: 13: P71 2 3 P minute interval Set high Flag 0 (output) Wind Vector Rep Samples per sub-interval US, DV, SD (Polar Sensor) Wind Speed/East Loc WS Wind Direction/North Loc 0-360 WD Average Reps Loc Ta End Table 1 8.
SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES 14: P95 15: P End The props can all be measured as single-ended voltages, but the vertical wind prop calibration differs from the U and V prop calibration. The fastest input sequence is to measure both levels (6 props) with a single instruction using the U and V calibration and correct the W measurements with the Fixed Multiply, Instruction 37. End Table 3 8.
SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES TABLE 8.7-2.
SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES * 01: 1 1 01: 01: P17 16 02: 01: 02: 03: 04: 05: 06: P1 6 5 1 1 .018 0 Table 1 Programs Sec. Execution Interval Panel Temperature Loc [:PANL TEMP] Volt (SE) Reps 5000 mV slow Range IN Chan Loc [:W1 ] Mult Offset 03: 01: 02: 03: 04: 05: 06: 07: 08: P14 4 11 7 2 16 7 1 0 Thermocouple Temp (DIFF) Reps 5 mV fast Range IN Chan Type E (Chromel-Constantan) Ref Temp Loc PANL TEMP Loc [:Ta2 ] Mult Offset 04: 01: 02: 03: P37 1 1.
SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES TABLE 8.7-4.
SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES TABLE 8.8-1. FFT Real and Imaginary Results 0.25 and 1.25 Hz Signal BIN # 0 1 2 3 . 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 . 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 . 511 Hz 0 0.009766 0.019532 0.029298 FFT Ri 0.02303 0.01036 -0.00206 0 FFT Ii 0 0 0 0 0.214852 0.224618 0.234384 0.24415 0.253916 0.263682 0.273448 0.283214 -0.00086 0.01096 -0.19328 0.59858 -0.65827* 0.26778 -0.02466 0.00086 -0.00009 0.0036 -0.06277 0.19439 -0.21391* 0.08709 -0.00796 0.00034 1.22075 1.230516 1.
SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES TABLE 8.8-3. FFT Power Spectra Results 0.25 and 1.25 Hz Signal BIN # 0 . 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 . 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 . 511 Hz 0 FFT PSi 1.0859 0.214852 0.224618 0.234384 0.24415 0.253916 0.263682 0.273448 0.283214 0 0.49212 84.152 811.01 980.79* 162.4 1.4764 0 1.22075 1.230516 1.240282 1.250048 1.259814 1.26958 1.279346 0 3.9369 108.76 284.94* 108.76 3.9369 0 4.
SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES 13: 01: 02: P87 0 512 Beginning of Loop Delay Loop Count 14: 01: P86 10 Do Set high Flag 0 (output) 15: 01: P78 1 Resolution High Resolution 16: 01: 02: P70 1 1-- Sample Rep Loc 17: P95 End 18: 01: P86 11 Do Set high Flag 1 SIMULATED OCEAN WAVE BUOY DATA FREQ/AMPL .1/11, .125/9, .14/6, .2/4 30 19: P End Table 1 WAVE HEIGHT IN FEET 20 10 0 -10 -20 -30 0 6 121824303642485460667278849096 102 108 114 TIME IN SECONDS FIGURE 8.8-3.
SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES TABLE 8.8-4. FFT Bin Averaging Results from Simulated Ocean Buoy Wave Data BIN # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 FREQUENCY 0.00195 0.0039 0.00585 0.0078 0.00975 0.0117 0.01365 0.0156 0.01755 0.0195 0.02145 0.0234 0.02535 0.0273 0.02925 0.0312 0.03315 0.0351 0.03705 0.039 0.04095 0.0429 0.04485 0.0468 0.04875 FFT*0.
SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES When flag 2 is set the FFT is computed and the results are sent to Final Storage. 10: 01: 02: P91 12 30 If Flag 2 is set Then Do 11: 01: 02: 03: 04: 05: P60 11 1 3 284 0.
SECTION 8.
SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES This is a blank page.
SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS TABLE 9-1. Input Voltage Ranges and Codes Range Code Slow Fast 16.67ms 250µs Integ. Integ. 1 11 2 12 3 13 4 14 5** 15** Resolution* Full Scale Range ±5 ±15 ±50 ±500 ±5000 millivolts millivolts millivolts millivolts millivolts 0.33 1. 3.33 33.3 333. microvolts microvolts microvolts microvolts microvolts * Differential measurement; resolution for single-ended measurement is twice value shown. ** The Integration times for ranges 5 and 15 are 1.
SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS The count is incremented when the input voltage changes from below 1.5 volts to above 3.5 volts. The maximum input voltage is ±20 volts. LOW LEVEL AC This mode is used for counting frequency of AC signals from magnetic pulse flow transducers or other low voltage, sine wave outputs.
SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS anywhere between one second too short to almost twice as long. Pulses are not lost during resynchronization so totalized values are correct but pulse rate information such as wind speed can be almost twice the correct value. The discard counts from excessive intervals option mentioned in the previous paragraph does not correct this problem in 21Xs with PROMs 391B/392D and earlier.
SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS PARAM. NUMBER DATA TYPE 01: 02: 03: 2 2 2 04: 2 05: 4 06: 4 07: 08: FP FP DESCRIPTION Repetitions Range code Input channel number for first measurement Excitation channel number Excitation voltage (millivolts) Input location number for first measurement Multiplier Offset Input locations altered: 1 per measurement *** 6 FULL BRIDGE *** FUNCTION This instruction is used to apply an excitation voltage to a full bridge (Figure 13.
SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS PARAM. NUMBER DATA TYPE 01: 02: 03: 2 2 2 04: 2 05: 06: 4 4 07: 4 08: 09: FP FP DESCRIPTION Repetitions Range code Input channel number for first measurement Excitation channel number Delay (0.01s) Excitation voltage (millivolts) Input location number for first measurement Multiplier Offset Input locations altered: 1 per measurement PARAM.
SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS PARAM. NUMBER DATA TYPE 01: 02: 2 2 03: 2 04: 4 05: 06: FP FP Range (%RH) Error (%RH) 10 - 100 15 - 94 ±4 ±1 DESCRIPTION Repetitions Input channel number of first measurement Excitation channel number Input location for first measurement Multiplier Offset Input locations altered: 1 for each thermistor channel PARAM.
SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS TABLE 9-3. Thermocouple Type Codes Code X1 X2 X3 X4 Thermocouple Type T (copper - constantan) E (chromel - constantan) K (chromel - alumel) J (iron - constantan) X=0 X=8 X=9 Normal Measurement TC input from A5B40 isolation (use 5 V range) Output -99999 if out of common mode (Inst. 14 only) TABLE 9-4.
SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS *** 17 TEMPERATURE OF INPUT PANEL *** FUNCTION This instruction measures the temperature in degrees Celsius of the input panel. PARAM. NUMBER 01: DATA TYPE 4 DESCRIPTION Input location number for temperature not the same as the signatures given in the *B Mode. Recording the signature allows detection of any program change or ROM failure. PARAM.
SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS *** 22 EXCITATION WITH DELAY *** FUNCTION This instruction is used in conjunction with others for measuring a response to a timed excitation using the switched analog outputs. It sets the selected excitation output to a specific value, waits for the specified time, then turns off the excitation and waits an additional specified time before continuing on to the next instruction in the program table.
SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS trigger when measurement goes from above the limit to below it or when the digital trigger goes from high to low. When triggering on the rising or falling edge, the input must make the specified transition to trigger. For example, when triggering on the rising edge, if the input starts out high, it must go low and then high again to trigger.
SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS location number of Instruction 23 in the program table. I2 divided by I3 is the multiplier and I4 the offset (to the raw data) determined by the first calibration. I2 is a fixed value determined by the input range selected. I5 through In-2 are the raw measurement data. Thus, the value of the first measurement sent (M1) in millivolts is: M1 = I2/I3 (I5 - I4) The measurement data are sent in the order that the measurements are made (i.e.
SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS 05: FP 06: FP 07: 4 08: FP 09: 10: 4 4 11: FP 12: FP when done measuring. B Trigger option 0 - Trigger immediately 1 - Trigger if above limit (high) 2 - Trigger if below limit (low) 3 - Trigger on rising edge 4 - Trigger on falling edge C Destination 0 - Input Storage 1 - Serial port 9600 baud 2 - Serial port 76,800 baud D Measurement 0 - Differential measurement 1 - Single-ended measurement Scan interval (ms, minimum 0.97 x reps, limited to 0.
SECTION 9.
SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS If the SW8A does not respond, -99999 will be loaded into input locations. Modules which do not respond when addressed by the datalogger may be wired or addressed incorrectly. Verify that the address specified in Parameter 2 corresponds to the jumper setting and that all connections are correct and secure. See the SDM-SW8A Manual for examples. PARAM. NUMBER DATA TYPE 01: 02: 03: 2 2 2 04: 2 05: 4 06: 07: FP FP DESCRIPTION Number of Channels Module Address (00..
SECTION 10. PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS To facilitate cross referencing, parameter descriptions are keyed [] to the values given on the PROMPT SHEET. These values are defined as follows: [Z] = User specified input location number destination [X] = Input location no. of source X [Y] = Input location no.
SECTION 10. PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS PAR. DATA NO. TYPE DESCRIPTION *** 36 X * Y *** FUNCTION Multiply the value in location X by the value in location Y and place the result in location Z. 4 4 4 Input location of X Dest. input location for X1/2 [X] [Z] 1 *** 40 LN(X) *** Input location of X Input location of Y Dest. input location for X * Y Input locations altered: 4 4 Input locations altered: PAR. DATA NO.
SECTION 10. PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS *** 43 ABS(X) *** FUNCTION Take the absolute value of the value in location X and place the result in location Z. PAR. DATA NO. TYPE DESCRIPTION 01: 02: 4 4 PAR. DATA NO. TYPE DESCRIPTION 01: 4 Input location of X [X] 02: FP Fixed divisor [F] 03: 4 Dest. input location for X MOD F [Z] Input locations altered: 1 *** 47 XY *** Input location of X [X] Dest.
SECTION 10. PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS Parameter 3 cannot be entered as an indexed location within a loop (Instruction 87). To use Instruction 49 within a loop, enter Parameter 3 as a fixed location and follow 49 with Instruction 31 (Move Data). In Instruction 31, enter the location in which 49 stores its result as the source (fixed) and enter the destination as an indexed location. PAR. DATA NO. TYPE DESCRIPTION 01: 02: 03: 2 4 4 Swath [SWATH] Starting input location [1ST LOC] Dest.
SECTION 10. PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS PAR. DATA NO. TYPE DESCRIPTION Computation of Saturation Vapor Pressure. J. Appl. Meteor. 16, 100-103. 01: 02: 03: 04: 05: Saturation vapor pressure over ice (SVPI) in kilopascals for a 0oC to -50oC range can be obtained using Instruction 55 and the relationship 4 4 2 4 2 Number of values to move 1st source location Step of source 1st destination location Step of destination SVPI = -.00486 + .85471 X + .
SECTION 10. PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS PAR. DATA NO. TYPE DESCRIPTION 01: 4 02: 4 03: 4 04: 4 *** 59 BRIDGE TRANSFORM *** Input location no. of atmospheric pressure in kilopascals [PRESSURE] Input location no. of dry-bulb temp. [DB TEMP.] Input location no. of wet-bulb temp. [WB TEMP.] Dest.
SECTION 10. PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS amount of power at the different frequencies but do not contain any phase information. If desired, the original time varying signal can be reconstructed by taking the Inverse Fourier Transform of either the real and imaginary or the magnitude and phase results. PROGRAMMING The FFT Instruction is a Processing Instruction and will not output data to final memory or any data storage device.
SECTION 10. PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS power spectral is output. Parameter 3 is equal to the log base 2 of A where A is the number of bins to be averaged. For example, if there are 1024 samples in the original time series data and the resulting 512 spectral bins are averaged in groups of 8 (Parameter 3 = 3 = log base 2 of 8) then 63 (=N/2A 1) averaged bins will be produced. PARAMETER 4 defines which input location will contain the first value at the original time series data.
SECTION 10. PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS where the magnitude is half of the zero to peak amplitude or one quarter of the peak to peak value of the sinusoidal signal. zero to peak amplitude or one quarter of the peak to peak value of the sinusoidal signal. MAGNITUDE AND PHASE COMPONENTS The result of the FFT when the magnitude and phase option is selected is N/2 input locations containing the magnitude components (Mi) followed by N/2 input locations containing the phase components (Pi).
SECTION 10. PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS For example, given that the power spectra result shows that the energy peak of a signal falls in bin 32 when it is sampled at a frequency of 10 Hz for 1024 samples and that the bin averaging specified is 4, the frequency of the signal in bin i is: 31 * 10 * 4 / 1024 < fi < 32 * 10 * 4 / 1024 1.21 Hz < fi < 1.
SECTION 10. PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS *** 61 INDIRECT INDEXED MOVE *** FUNCTION Moves input data from location X to location Y, where X and Y are indirectly addressed. The values of the location numbers X and Y are stored in the locations specified by Parameters 1 and 2. The 21X looks in the locations specified in the parameters to find the locations to use as the source and destination of the data.
SECTION 10. PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS TABLE 10-2. Maximum Number of Outputs and Output Order for K Input Values. (The output order flows from left to right and from top to bottom) INPUTS: TYPE MAX NO. OUTPUTS X1 X2 X3 X4 (1st) (2nd) (3rd) OUTPUTS (4th) ..... XK (Kth) Means K M(X1) M(X2) M(X3) M(X4) ..... M(XK) Variances K V(X1) V(X2) V(X3) V(X4) ..... V(XK) Std. Deviation K SD(X1) SD(X2) SD(X3) SD(X4) .....
SECTION 10. PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS The Input Processing phase is where new input values are received, the necessary squares or cross products formed, and the appropriate summations calculated as required by the desired final output. The rate at which the measurements can be made, the input values ordered, and the input processing phase completed without interruption determines the maximum rate of execution (see Execution Time).
SECTION 10. PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS N' is the number of input scans in the last averaging period NT is the total number of input samples processed in the Output Interval INTERMEDIATE STORAGE REQUIREMENTS The number of Intermediate locations will depend upon the number of input values and outputs desired: 1. Define K as the number of input values. 2.
SECTION 11. OUTPUT PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS *** 69 WIND VECTOR *** FUNCTION Instruction 69 processes the primary variables of wind speed and direction from either polar (wind speed and direction) or orthogonal (fixed East and North propellers) sensors. It uses the raw data to generate the mean wind speed, the mean wind vector magnitude, and the mean wind vector direction over an output interval.
SECTION 11. OUTPUT PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS There are three Output Options, which specify the values calculated. where Ux=(Σsin Θi)/N Uy=(Σcos Θi)/N Option 0: Mean horizontal wind speed, S. Unit vector mean wind direction, Θ1. Standard deviation of wind direction, σ(Θ Θ1). Standard deviation is calculated using the Yamartino algorithm. This option complies with EPA guidelines for use with straight-line Gaussian dispersion models to model plume transport.
SECTION 11. OUTPUT PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS *** 71 AVERAGE *** FUNCTION This instruction stores the average value over the given output interval for each input location specified. PAR. DATA NO. TYPE DESCRIPTION 01: 02: 2 4 Repetitions Starting input location no. Outputs generated: 1 for each input location *** 72 TOTALIZE *** FUNCTION This instruction stores the totalized value over the given output interval for each input location specified. PAR. DATA NO.
SECTION 11. OUTPUT PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS (defined as the bin select value) is within a particular subrange of the total specified range. The count in the bin associated with each subrange is incremented whenever the value falls within that subrange. The value which is output to Final Storage for each bin is computed by dividing the accumulated total in each bin by the total number of scans. This form of output is also referred to as a frequency distribution.
SECTION 11. OUTPUT PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS it is the first minute of the day. Similarly, entering 2 for the hour-minute code causes 2400 instead of 0000 to be output (the next minute is still 0001). When day and hour-minute are both output, a 2 for either code results in the previous day at 2400. The year is output as 19xx if xx is greater than 85, otherwise it will be output as 20xx. The 21X will require a PROM update in the year 2085.
SECTION 11. OUTPUT PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS The output flag must be set each time Instruction 80 is used. Instruction 80 must directly follow the instruction that sets the output flag. PAR. DATA NO.
SECTION 11. OUTPUT PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS More than one Rainflow Histogram can be calculated using the Repetitions parameter. The swath of input data, the size of the mean and amplitude dimensions, the low and high limits of the input data, and minimum distance between peaks and valley are all selectable by the user with parameters. Data are output to Final Storage or to Input Storage for further processing when the datalogger's Output Flag is set. Partial accumulations are kept in Intermediate Storage.
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SECTION 12. PROGRAM CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS TABLE 12-1. Flag Description Flag 0 Flag 1 to 8 Flag 9 Output Flag User Flags Intermediate Processing Disable Flag TABLE 12-2. Command Codes 0 1-9, 77-99 10-19 20-29 30 31 32 41-46 51-56 61-66 71-76 - Go to end of program table Call Subroutine 1-9, 77-99 Set Flag 0-9 high Set Flag 0-9 low Then Do Exit loop if true Exit loop if false Set port 1 - 6 high Set port 1 - 6 low Toggle port 1 - 6 Pulse port 1 - 6 100 ms Instruction 95, END.
SECTION 12. PROGRAM CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS A delay of 0 means that there is no delay between passes through the loop. Each time the table is executed all iterations of the loop will be completed and execution will pass on to the following instructions. If the delay is 5, every fifth time that the execution interval comes up, one pass through the loop is made; only those instructions in the loop will be executed and other portions of the table are not executed in the interim.
SECTION 12. PROGRAM CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS The user wants 1 hour averages of the vapor pressure calculated from the wet- and dry-bulb temperatures of 5 psychrometers. One pressure transducer measurement is also available for use in the vapor pressure calculation. 1.
SECTION 12. PROGRAM CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS 12: 01: 02: 03: 04: P89 25 3 6 31 If X<=>F X Loc DAY >= F Exit Loop if true 13: P95 End 14: 01: 02: P87 1 0 Beginning of Loop Delay Loop Count PAR. DATA NO.
SECTION 12. PROGRAM CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS the loop. Instruction 90 does not affect the loop counter which still counts by 1. PAR. DATA NO. TYPE DESCRIPTION 01: 2 Increment for the loop index counter *** 91 IF FLAG, PORT *** FUNCTION This instruction checks one of the ten flags or 8 ports and conditionally performs the specified command. The high input of any differential channel may be used to sense the status of a logic signal (3 V
SECTION 12. PROGRAM CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS the start of the instructions to execute if the test condition is false (Figure 3.8-1). The Else Instruction is optional; when it is omitted, a false comparison will result in execution branching directly to the End Instruction. Instruction 94 has no parameters.
SECTION 12. PROGRAM CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS When either the DC112 or RF modem options are specified, the time limit on the call (without a correct response) specified in Parameter 3 is timed from the start of the instruction and must include the dialing time. If the call is to go through a RF link to a phone, then the RF Modem is specified in Parameter 1. A RF Modem must be used between the DC95 and the phone line. See the PC208 manual for additional interfacing notes.
SECTION 12. PROGRAM CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS *** 98 SEND CHARACTER *** Instruction 98 is used to send a character to the printer. The single parameter sets the baud rate and gives the decimal equivalent of the 7 bit character (sent as 8 bits, no parity). For example, to send the ASCII character control R at 9600 baud, 2018 would be entered for Parameter 1. This instruction can be used to send a control character to activate some device.
SECTION 13. 21X MEASUREMENTS 13.1 FAST AND SLOW MEASUREMENT SEQUENCE The 21X makes voltage measurements by integrating the input signal for a fixed time and then holding the integrated value for the analog to digital (A/D) conversion. The A/D conversion is made with a 14 bit successive approximation technique which resolves the signal voltage to approximately one part in 15,000 of the full scale range on a differential measurement (e.g., 1/15,000 x 5V = 333µV).
SECTION 13. 21X MEASUREMENTS averaging the magnitude of the results from the two integrations and using the polarity from the first. An exception to this is the differential measurement in Instruction 8 which makes only one integration. FIGURE 13.2-1. Differential Voltage Measurement Sequence Because a single-ended measurement is referenced to 21X ground, any difference in ground potential between the sensor and the 21X will result in an error in the measurement.
SECTION 13. 21X MEASUREMENTS 13.3 THE EFFECT OF SENSOR LEAD LENGTH ON THE SIGNAL SETTLING TIME Whenever an analog input is switched into the 21X measurement circuitry prior to making a measurement, a finite amount of time is required for the signal to stabilize at its correct value. The rate at which the signal settles is determined by the input settling time constant which is a function of both the source resistance, and input capacitance (explained below).
SECTION 13. 21X MEASUREMENTS NOTE: Since the peak transient, Veo, causes significant error only if it is several times larger than the signal, Vso, error calculations made in this section approximate V'eo by Veo; i.e., V'eo ≈ Veo. If the input settling time constant, τ, is known, a quick estimation of the settling error as a percentage of the maximum error (Vso for rising, V'eo for decaying) is obtained by knowing how many time constants (t/τ) are contained in the 450µs 21X input settling interval (t).
SECTION 13. 21X MEASUREMENTS DIELECTRIC ABSORPTION FIGURE 13.3-4. Wire Manufacturers Capacitance Specifications, Cw The dielectric absorption of insulation surrounding individual conductors can seriously affect the settling waveform by increasing the time required to settle as compared to a simple exponential. Dielectric absorption is difficult to quantify, but it can have a serious effect on low level measurements (i.e., 50mV or less).
SECTION 13. 21X MEASUREMENTS Equation 13.3-12, -13 and -14 can be combined to estimate the error directly in degrees at various directions and lead lengths (Table 13.33). Constants used in the calculations are given below: Cf = 3.3nfd Cw = 41pfd/ft., Belden #8771 wire t = 450µs TABLE 13.3-3. Settling Error (Degrees) for 024A Wind Direction Sensor vs. Lead Length Wind Direction the 21X. The lead wire is a single-shielded pair, used for conducting the excitation (Vx) and signal (Vs) voltages.
SECTION 13. 21X MEASUREMENTS Equation 13.3-7 can be solved for the maximum lead length, L, permitted to maintain a specified error limit. Combining Equations 13.3-7 and 13.3-4 and solving for L gives: 1) Veo ≈ 100mV, peak transient at 4V excitation L = -(RoCf + (t/ln(Ve/Veo)))/RoCw 3) t = 450µs, 21X input settling time 2) Ve ≈ 5µV, allowable measurement error [13.3-15] where Ve is the measurement error limit.
SECTION 13. 21X MEASUREMENTS Table 13.3-6 summarizes maximum lead lengths for corresponding error limits in six Campbell Scientific sensors. Since the first three sensors are nonlinear, the voltage error, Ve, is the most conservative value corresponding to the error over the range shown. lead length. If the capacitive load exceeds 0.1 µfd and the resistive load is negligible, Vx will oscillate about its control point. If the capacitive load is 0.1 µfd or less, Vx will settle to within 0.
SECTION 13. 21X MEASUREMENTS 5. Use the 21X to measure the input settling error associated with a given configuration. For example, assume long leads are required but the lead capacitance, Cw, is unknown. Configure Rf on a length of cable similar to the measurement. Leave the sensor end open as shown in Figure 13.3-8 and measure the result using the same instruction parameters to be used with the sensor. The measured deviation from 0V is the input settling error. 6.
SECTION 13. 21X MEASUREMENTS FIGURE 13.3-9. Incorrect Lead Wire Extension on Model 107 Temperature Sensor 13.4 THERMOCOUPLE MEASUREMENTS FIGURE 13.3-7. Half Bridge Configuration for YSI #44032 Thermistor Connected to 21X Showing: A) Large source resistance, B) large source resistance at point P, and C) configuration optimized for input settling FIGURE 13.3-8.
SECTION 13. 21X MEASUREMENTS is emphasized that this is the worst case. In Campbell Scientific's experience, the overall o accuracy is typically better than ±0.2 C. The o o major error component in the -35 C to +50 C o range is the ±0.2 C thermistor specification. When a 21X is outside of this temperature range, the polynomial error becomes much worse (Figure 13.4-1), and may necessitate the use of an external reference junction to improve the accuracy. polynomial approximation of the NBS TC calibrations.
SECTION 13. 21X MEASUREMENTS THERMOCOUPLE LIMITS OF ERROR The standard reference which lists thermocouple output voltage as a function of o temperature (reference junction at 0 C) is the National Bureau of Standards Monograph 125 (1974). The American National Standards Institute has established limits of error on thermocouple wire which is accepted as an industry standard (ANSI MC 96.1, 1975). Table 13.
SECTION 13. 21X MEASUREMENTS o error of about 0.6 C. In the environmental temperature range with voltage measured on an appropriate scale, error in temperature due to the voltage measurements is a few hundredths of a degree. THERMOCOUPLE POLYNOMIALS: Voltage to Temperature NBS Monograph 125 gives high order polynomials for computing the output voltage of a given thermocouple type over a broad range of temperatures.
SECTION 13. 21X MEASUREMENTS and reference temperature polynomials are extremely small, and error in the voltage measurement is negligible. To illustrate the relative magnitude of these errors in the environmental range, we will take a worst case situation where all errors are o maximum and additive. A temperature of 45 C is measured with a type T (copper-constantan) thermocouple, using the ±5mV range. The nominal accuracy on this range is 2.5µV (0.
SECTION 13. 21X MEASUREMENTS FIGURE 13.4-2. Diagram of Junction Box An external reference junction box must be constructed so that the entire terminal area is very close to the same temperature. This is necessary so that a valid reference temperature can be measured, and to avoid a thermoelectric offset voltage which will be induced if the terminals at which the thermocouple leads are connected (points A and B in Figure 13.4-3) are at different temperatures.
SECTION 13. 21X MEASUREMENTS FIGURE 13.5-1.
SECTION 13. 21X MEASUREMENTS 7 3 Wire Half Bridge 8 Differential Makes a differential Measurement measurement without with Excitation reversing excitation polarity or switching inputs. Used for fast measurements on load cells, PRTs etc. Resolution and common mode rejection worse than 6 if used with delay=0. Measured voltage output. 9 6 Wire Full Bridge or 4 Wire Half Bridge FIGURE 13.5-2. Excitation and Measurement Sequence for 4 Wire Full Bridge TABLE 13.5-1.
SECTION 13. 21X MEASUREMENTS TABLE 13.5-2. Calculating Resistance Values from Bridge Measurement Instr. 4 Result Rf = X / Vx 1 − X / Vx 1 (( X / Vx ) / (1 − X / Vx )) / Rs 4. 59. Mult. = 1/Vx; ofs. = 0 Mult. = Rf 4. 59. 42. Mult. = 1/Vx; ofs. = 0 Mult. = 1/Rs 5. 59. Mult. = 1; ofs. = 0 mult. = Rf 5. 59. 42. Mult. = 1; ofs. = 0 Mult. = 1/Rs; ofs. = 0 X = Rs / (Rs + Rf ) Rs = Rf Rf = 6,8,9* Multiplier and Offset X = Vx (Rs / (Rs + Rf )) Rs = Rf 5 Instr.
SECTION 13. 21X MEASUREMENTS 13.6 RESISTANCE MEASUREMENTS REQUIRING AC EXCITATION Some resistive sensors require AC excitation. These include the 207 relative humidity probe, soil moisture blocks, water conductivity sensors, and wetness sensing grids. The use of DC excitation with these sensors can result in polarization, which will cause an erroneous measurement, and may shift the calibration of the sensor and/or lead to its rapid decay.
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SECTION 14. INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE 14.1 PROTECTION FROM THE ENVIRONMENT The normal environmental variables of concern are temperature and moisture. The standard 21X is designed to operate reliably from -25 to +50oC (-55 to +80oC, optional) in noncondensing humidity. When humidity tolerances are exceeded, damage to IC chips, microprocessor failure, and/or measurement inaccuracies due to condensation on the various PC board runners may result.
SECTION 14. INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE 14.2 POWER REQUIREMENTS The 21X operates at a nominal 12V DC. Below 9.6 or above 16 volts the 21X does not operate properly. The 21X is diode protected against accidental reversal of the positive and ground leads from the battery. Input voltages in excess of 18V may damage the 21X and/or power supply. A transzorb provides transient protection by limiting voltage at approximately 20V.
SECTION 14. INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE 14.3 21X POWER SUPPLIES The 21X is available with both alkaline batteries (21X) and lead acid batteries (21XL). The difference between the 21X and 21XL is the power supply base. Converting from a 21X to 21XL or vice versa can be done by simply purchasing the appropriate base. 14.3.1 21X ALKALINE POWER SUPPLY The 21X utilizes 8 alkaline D cells. Two screws must be removed from the front panel to install the batteries, see Figure 14.3-1.
SECTION 14. INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE TABLE 14.3-2. 21XL Battery and AC Transformer Specifications Lead Acid Battery Battery Type Float Life @ 25oC Capacity Shelf Life, full charge Charge Time (AC Source) AC Transformer Input: Isolated Output: Gates #810-0011X 8 years minimum 2.5 amp-hour Check twice yearly 40 hr full charge, 20 hr 95% charge 120V AC, 60 Hz 20V DC @ 350 mA max. There are inherent hazards associated with the use of sealed lead acid batteries.
SECTION 14. INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE medium power transistor), the use of a relay (Figure 14.7-1) would be required. FIGURE 14.6-1. Connecting Vehicle Power Supply 14.7 USE OF DIGITAL CONTROL PORTS FOR SWITCHING RELAYS Each of the six digital control ports can be set low or high (0V low, 5V high) using I/O Instruction 20, Port Set, or commands 41 - 78 associated with Program Control Instructions 83 through 93.
SECTION 14. INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE damage the datalogger. Campbell Scientific's DC112 phone modem has spark gaps on the phone lines. A 12 AWG wire should be run from the modem ground terminal to earth ground. power grounds are at the same potential. To be safe, the ground of all the AC sockets in use should be tied together with a 12 AWG wire. 14.9 MAINTENANCE In laboratory applications, locating a stable earth ground is not always obvious.
SECTION 14. INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE The following procedures are for calibrating the voltage reference and the clock. Other factors such as range ratios, DAC non-linearity, and offset in either the switched excitation or the CAO voltage require that the 21X be returned to the factory for repair. Please call the factory to obtain authorization before sending in the unit. 14.10.1 VOLTAGE REFERENCE CALIBRATION PROCEDURE 3.
SECTION 14. INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE 1. Remove the 21X battery base and unplug the battery from the 21X. Remove the four screws holding the aluminum cover plate and remove the cover plate. Lay the 21X, panel down, on a padded flat surface with the circuit cards up and exposed as shown in Figure 14.10-1. Plug the battery back into the 21X. Turn on the 21X. 2. Connect positive lead of the frequency counter to pin 3 of the integrated circuit shown at Location P10 on Figure 14.10-2.
SECTION 14. INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE FIGURE 14.10-2.
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APPENDIX A. GLOSSARY ASCII: Abbreviation for American Standard Code for Information Interchange (pronounced "askee"). A specific binary code of 128 characters represented by 7 bit binary numbers. BAUD RATE: The speed of transmission of information across a serial interface, expressed in units of bits per second. For example, 9600 baud refers to bits being transmitted (or received) from one piece of equipment to another at a rate of 9600 bits per second.
APPENDIX A. GLOSSARY INTERMEDIATE STORAGE: That portion of memory allocated for storing the results of intermediate calculations necessary for operations, such as averages or standard deviations. Intermediate storage is not accessible to the user. LOW RESOLUTION: This is the default output resolution. A low resolution data value has 4 significant decimal digits and may range in magnitude from ±0.001 to ±6999. A low resolution data value requires 1 Final Storage location (Section 2.2).
APPENDIX A. GLOSSARY SIGNATURE: A number which is a function of the data and the sequence of data in memory. It is derived using an algorithm which assures a 99.998% probability that if either the data or its sequence changes, the signature changes. THROUGHPUT: The throughput rate is the rate at which a measurement can be made, scaled to engineering units, and the reading stored in Final Storage. The 21X has the ability to scan sensors at a rate exceeding the throughput rate (see SAMPLE RATE).
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APPENDIX B. PROM SIGNATURES AND SOFTWARE OPTIONS The 21X PROM signatures are viewed by entering the *B Mode and advancing to the appropriate window (Section 2.4.3.). The 21X uses three PROMs. The third PROM determines the PROM option. The current PROM signatures are given in Table B-1. TABLE B-1. 21X PROM SIGNATURES OPTION SIGNATURE PROM VERSION REVISION -- 02:14441. -- 03:14436. or 03:5872.0* OSX-0.1 04:50721. 08:.10000 09:0005 OSX-1.1 04:866.00 08:1.1000 09:0004 OSX-2.1 04:44109. 08:2.
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APPENDIX C. BINARY TELECOMMUNICATIONS but remains set once set until reset by another J command or telecommunications is terminated. C.1 TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMMAND WITH BINARY RESPONSES Command Description [no. of loc.]F BINARY DUMP - 21X sends, in Final Storage Format (binary, the number of Final Storage locations specified (from current MPTR locations), then Signature (no prompt).
APPENDIX C. BINARY TELECOMMUNICATIONS previously executed; four time bytes, a user flags byte, four bytes for each input location requested in the J command, Final Storage data in Campbell Scientific's binary format if requested by the J command, and terminating in 7F 00 HEX and two signature bytes.
APPENDIX C. BINARY TELECOMMUNICATIONS Another method that can be used as an estimate is to convert Data bytes 2 to 4 from a long integer to floating point and dividing this value by 16777216. As an example of a negative value, the datalogger returns BF 82 0C 49 HEX. The most significant bit is 0 so the Sign is POSITIVE. The exponent is found by subtracting 40 HEX from the remaining least significant bits. Converting the binary to hexadecimal, 1000100 BINARY = 44 HEX (or 68 decimal). Data byte 1 = BF HEX.
APPENDIX C. BINARY TELECOMMUNICATIONS to the telecommunications F command a 2 byte signature is sent (see below). The decimal locators can be viewed as a negative base 10 exponent with decimal locations as follows: Representing the bits in the first byte of each two byte pair as ABCD EFGH (A is the most significant bit, MSB), the byte pairs are described below. LO RESOLUTION FORMAT - D,E,F, NOT ALL ONES B C Decimal Location 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 XXXX. XXX.X XX.XX X.
APPENDIX C. BINARY TELECOMMUNICATIONS BITS, 1ST BYTE, 1ST PAIR DESCRIPTION CDEF = 0111 Code designating 1st byte pair of four byte number. B Polarity , 0 = +, 1 = -. G,H,A, Decimal locator as defined below. 2nd byte 16th - 9th bit (left to right) of 17 bit binary value. ABCDEF = 001111 Code designating 2nd byte pair of four byte number. G Unused bit. H 17th and MSB of 17 bit binary value. 2nd byte 8th - 1st bit (left to right) of 17 bit binary value.
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APPENDIX D. ASCII TABLE American Standard Code for Information Interchange Decimal Values and Characters (X3.4-1968) Dec. Char.
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APPENDIX E. CHANGING RAM OR PROM CHIPS The 21X has 8 sockets for memory chips. Five sockets hold 8K Random Access Memory (RAM) chips and three hold Programmable Read Only Memory (PROM) chips. Older 21Xs may have two PROM chips and as few as two RAM chips. E.1 DISASSEMBLY OF 21X 1. Turn power off, remove the two Phillips head screws located near the edges of the front panel of the micrologger. Carefully lift the micrologger up and away from the battery pack and disconnect the plastic power connector. 2.
APPENDIX E. CHANGING RAM OR PROM CHIPS The earliest 21Xs were shipped with only two 4K RAM chips. Current software does not check for this condition; if an old 21X is being upgraded to new software PROMS, five 8K RAM chips (CSI Model number EMX8) should also be installed. The older 21X has jumpers at locations M15, W20, and W27 (Figure E-1). With 8K RAM chips installed, M15 should be jumpered on the right set of pins and W20 and W27 should be jumpered on the left set of pins.
APPENDIX F.
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15 SERIAL INPUT PARAMETER 1 Repetitions 1. FUNCTION Instruction 15 for the 21X is used to read data from an "intelligent" sensor that outputs serial ASCII data. - Serial input must consist of one start bit, eight data bits (eighth bit ignored), no parity, and 1 or more stop bits. - 1200 baud is the ONLY rate at which the 21X will accept serial data. - When Instruction 15 is executed a digital control port is asserted, signaling the sensor to send the data.
15 SERIAL INPUT PARAMETER 3 Digital Control Port/Logic Level This parameter specifies which digital control port is used and what the input logic level is (TTL or RS232). Digital Control Port The digital control port specified in Parameter 3 is asserted during the instruction, but is not asserted before or after the instruction. "Asserted" is 0 volts for TTL and 5 volts for RS232. "Not asserted" is the opposite; 5 volts for TTL and 0for RS232. The control port stays asserted until all data are received.
15 SERIAL INPUT 3.2 21X/BAROMETER HOOK-UP Barometer lead wires are provided for two general types of connections: TTL level output to the 21X and an RS232 level out put to a terminal or printer. Of the TTL output connections, two versions are available for the 21X. Table 1 contains hook-up information for two 21X configurations and one RS232 terminal/printer configuration. As indicated in Table 1, the barometer data line must connect to the HI side of a differential channel.
15 SERIAL INPUT TABLE 1.
15 SERIAL INPUT TABLE 2. Number of Characters/Output and Memory Requirementsfor Various Barometer Output Modes PARAMETER 5 The purpose of this parameter is to limit the amount of time that Instruction 15 waits to receive a barometer output. If the barometer fails to output, Instruction 15 advances to the next repetition or instruction when the specified delay time expires. If a barometer output is received, Instruction 15 advances upon receipt of the data, regardless of any remaining delay time.
15 SERIAL INPUT 01: P 01: 02: 03: 04: 05: 06: 07: 08: 15 1 1 1 9 83 1 1 0 02: P 01: 02: 03: 04: 89 1 3 1300 11 If X<=>F X Loc AIR mb >= F Set high Flag 1 03: P 01: 02: 03: 04: 89 1 4 800 30 If X<=>F X Loc AIR mb < F Then Do 04: P 01: 02: 91 11 30 If Flag 1 is set Then Do If Flag 1 is set, 05: P 01: 86 10 Do Set high Flag 0 (output) Output time of failure 06: P 01: 77 110 07: P 01: 02: 70 1 1 Sample Rep Loc AIR mb Output out of range reading 08: P 01: 86 19 Do Set high Flag 9 Set In
*D TAPE UPLOAD AND DOWNLOAD FUNCTION This library option adds additional *D mode commands that allow datalogger programs to be saved to and loaded from a cassette tape. (Command 1). The C20, with the format switches in the "II, Decode" position, will read the file. The PC201 will read the file if the TAPE.COM program is run and the File Data Format is specified as either Printable ASCII or Comma Delineated ASCII.
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LIST OF TABLES PAGE OVERVIEW OV3-1 OV3-2 OV5-1 OV5-2 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES 1.2-1 1.3-1 1.5-1 1.5-2 1.6-1 1.7-1 1.8-1 1.8-2 1.8-3 1.8-4 2. Sequence of Time Parameters in *5 Mode .............................................................................1-2 *6 Mode Commands ...............................................................................................................1-3 Memory Allocation in Standard 21X ....................................................................................
LIST OF TABLES PAGE 6. 9 PIN SERIAL INPUT/OUTPUT 6.1-1 6.5-1 8. Pin Description ....................................................................................................................... 6-1 DTE Pin Configuration ........................................................................................................... 6-3 PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES 8.7-1 8.7-2 8.7-3 8.7-4 8.8-1 8.8-2 8.8-3 8.8-4 9. Example Sensor Description and 21X Multiplier and Offset ................
LIST OF TABLES PAGE 14. INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE 14.2-1 14.3-1 14.3-2 14.4-1 Typical Current Drain for Common 21X Peripherals.............................................................14-1 Typical Alkaline Battery Service and Temperature ...............................................................14-3 PS12 LA Battery and AC Transformer Specifications...........................................................14-3 MSX5 and MSX10 Solar Panel Specifications...........................................
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LIST OF FIGURES PAGE OVERVIEW OV1-1 OV1-2 OV2-1 OV2-2 OV5-1 2. INTERNAL DATA STORAGE 2.1-1 2.1-2 3. Ring Memory Representation of Final Data Storage ..............................................................2-1 Output Array ID .......................................................................................................................2-1 INSTRUCTION SET BASICS 3.8-1 3.8-2 3.8-3 4. If Then/Else Execution Sequence ........................................................................
LIST OF FIGURES PAGE 13. 21X MEASUREMENTS 13.1-1 13.2-1 13.3-1 13.3-2 13.3-3 13.3-4 13.3-5 13.3-6 13.3-7 13.3-8 13.3-9 13.4-1 13.4-2 13.5-1 13.5-2 13.6-1 13.6-2 Timing of Single-Ended Measurement................................................................................. 13-1 Differential Voltage Measurement Sequence....................................................................... 13-2 Input Voltage Rise and Transient Decay.......................................................................
21X INDEX * Modes, see Modes 1/X [Instruction 42] 10-2 101 Thermistor Probe Programming example 7-11 107 Thermistor Probe [Instruction 11] 9-5 Programming examples 7-2, 7-12 12V terminals OV-3 207 Relative Humidity Probe [Instruction 12] 9-6 Programming example 7-3 227 Soil Moisture Block Programming example 7-10, 8-3 3 Wire Half Bridge [Instruction 7] 9-4 Programming example 7-6 4 Wire Full Bridge [Instruction 6] 9-4 6 Wire Full Bridge [Instruction 9] 9-5 Programming example 7-8 5th Order Polynomial [Instr
21X INDEX Clock CPU card circuitry calibration 14-7 Setting/displaying time (*5 Mode) 1-2 Programming example OV-14 CM6/CM10 Tripod grounding protection 14-6 Common mode range 13-2, 14-6 Communicating with the CR10 Via telemetry 5-1 With external peripherals 4-1 Protocol/Troubleshooting 6-4 Compiling 1-2 Errors 3-9 Computer Baud rate, Setting 6-4 DCE, DTE 6-3 Saving/loading program (*D Mode) 1-7 Using with SC32A Interface 6-3 Continuous Analog Output Module, SDM-A04 9-14 Control ports Controlling AM416 Mul
21X INDEX Initiate Telecommunications [Instruction 97] 12-6 Input Storage Altering 1-2 Changing size of 1-4 Data format 2-2 Definition OV-3 Displaying (*6 Mode), Example of OV-10 Erasing with *0, *B or *D Mode 1-2 Input/Output Instructions (I/O) 9-1 Definition OV-5 Memory and execution times 3-6 Voltage range parameter 3-2 Installation and maintenance 14-1 INT8, SDM-INT8 8 Channel Interval Timer 9-13 Instruction Set Format OV-8 Types OV-5 Integer data type parameter 3-1 Integer portion, Extracting 10-3 Int
21X INDEX Low Pass Filter [Instruction 58] 10-6 Low resolution 2-2 LP Filter [Instruction 58] 10-6 Lysimeter, weighing 7-8 M Maintenance and installation of the 21X 14-1 Manually initiated data transfer (*8 and *9 Modes) 4-2 Maximum [Instruction 73] 11-3 Programming example OV-14 Memory Allocation 1-4 Automatic RAM check on power-up 1-4 Changing RAM or PROM chips E-1 Description of areas OV-3 Erasing all 1-5 Pointers 2-1 Minimize [Instruction 74] 11-3 Minus sign (-) & (--), Entering 3-1 Modes, General ove
21X INDEX Processing Instructions Definition OV-5 Memory and execution times 3-7 I-5
21X INDEX Program Control Instructions 12-1 Definition OV-5 Command code parameter 121 Logical constructions 3-4 Memory and execution times 3-8 Program memory Allocation 1-3 Definition OV-5 Program on power-up OV-8 Signature 1-5 Viewing number of bytes remaining 1-8 Program Tables Execution interval OV-6 Compiling 1-2 Definition OV-6, 1-1 Entering Subroutines (*3 Mode) 1-1 Example of entering program OV-9 Exceeding execution interval 1-1 Priority/interrupts 1-1 Programming Displaying available program memo
21X INDEX Real Time [Instruction 77] 11-4 Programming example OV-13 Reference junction Compensation 13-10 Relays, Using digital ports for switching 145 Relative Humidity Probe, 207 RH Probe [Instruction 12] 7-3, 9-6 Remote Keyboard State 5-3 Repetitions parameter 3-1 Resetting 21X 1-5 Resistance measurements requiring AC excitation 13-19 Resolution Final Storage 2-2 Retrieval options, Data storage OV-17 RH (207) [Instruction 12] 7-3, 9-6 Ring memory Final Storage 2-1 SM192/716 Storage Modules 4-6 ROM (Read
21X INDEX Serial Input/Output Interface details 6-1 External peripherals 4-1 Telecommunication 5-1 Set Active Output Area [Instruction 80] 115 Programming examples 8-2, 83 Set Resolution Data Final Storage Format [Instruction 78] 11-5 Sign, Changing number 3-1 Signal settling time, Effect of sensor lead length on 13-3 Signature PROM 1-6, B-1 Generation of C-4 Move Signature into Input Location [Instruction 19] 9-8 Sin(X) [Instruction 48] 10-3 Programming example 8-13 Single-ended Volts [Instruction 1] 9-1
21X INDEX Switching power 14-5 System memory OV-3 System status (*B Mode) 1-5 T Tables, program 1-1 Tape Pointer (TPTR) 2-1 Tape recorder 4-4 Connecting to 21X 4-5 Manually initiated data transfer (*8 Mode) 4-2 On-line data transfer (Instruction 96 and *4 Mode) 4-1 TPTR (Tape Pointer) 2-3 Telecommunication commands 5-1 Automatic time-out 5-2 Baud rate 5-1 Initiate [Instruction 97] 12-6 Telecommunications (Modem) Pointer (MPTR) 2-1, 5-2 Temp-(107) [Instruction 11] 9-5 Temp-Panel [Instruction 17] 9-8 Temp-RT
21X INDEX V Vapor Pressure From Wet-/Dry-Bulb Temperatures [Instruction 57] 10-5 Programming example 8-10 Vehicle power supply 14-4 Volts (SE) [Instruction 1] 9-1 Volts (Diff) [Instruction 2] 9-1 Voltage measurements Differential/single-ended 13-1 Integration 13-1 Instructions 9-1 Ranges/codes and overrange detection 3-2, 9-1 W WVector [Instruction 69] 11-1 Watchdog reset 3-9 WDT-VP [Instruction 57] 10-5 Wind speed rose 11-3 Wind Vector [Instruction 69] 11-1 Programming example 8-6 Wiring panel, Diagram of
