CR10 MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL MODULE OPERATOR'S MANUAL REVISION: 3/96 COPYRIGHT (c) 1987-1996 CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC.
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WARRANTY AND ASSISTANCE The CR10 MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL MODULE is warranted by CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC. to be free from defects in materials and workmanship under normal use and service for thirty-six (36) months from date of shipment unless specified otherwise. Batteries have no warranty. CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC.'s obligation under this warranty is limited to repairing or replacing (at CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC.'s option) defective products.
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CR10 MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL MODULE TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE OV1. PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION OV1.1 OV1.2 Wiring Panel........................................................................................................................ OV-1 Connecting Power to the CR10 .......................................................................................... OV-5 OV2. MEMORY AND PROGRAMMING CONCEPTS OV2.1 OV2.2 OV2.3 Internal Memory .............................................................................
CR10 TABLE OF CONTENTS 2. 2.1 2.2 2.3 3. 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 INTERNAL DATA STORAGE Final Storage Areas, Output Arrays, and Memory Pointers .................................................. 2-1 Data Output Format and Range Limits .................................................................................. 2-3 Displaying Stored Data on Keyboard/Display - *7 Mode ....................................................... 2-3 INSTRUCTION SET BASICS Parameter Data Types..............
CR10 TABLE OF CONTENTS PROGRAM EXAMPLES 7. 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 7.10 7.11 7.12 7.13 7.14 7.15 7.16 7.17 7.18 7.19 8. 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.9 MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES Single-Ended Voltage - LI200S Silicon Pyranometer ............................................................ 7-1 Differential Voltage Measurement .........................................................................................
CR10 TABLE OF CONTENTS MEASUREMENTS 13. CR10 MEASUREMENTS 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 13.6 13.7 Fast and Slow Measurement Sequence.............................................................................. 13-1 Single-Ended and Differential Voltage Measurements........................................................ 13-2 The Effect of Sensor Lead Length on the Signal Settling Time........................................... 13-3 Thermocouple Measurements ....................................................
CR10 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................................... LT-1 LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................................ LF-1 INDEX ...................................................................................................................................................
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SELECTED OPERATING DETAILS 1. Storing Data - Data are stored in Final Storage only by Output Processing Instructions and only when the Output Flag is set. (Sections OV4.1.1 and OV4.2.1) 7. ALL memory can be erased and the CR10 completely reset by entering 1986 for the number of bytes left in Program Memory. (Section 1.5.2) 2. Storing Date and Time - Date and time are stored with the data in Final Storage ONLY if the Real Time Instruction 77 is used. (Section 11) 8.
CAUTIONARY NOTES 1. Damage will occur to the analog input circuitry if voltages in excess of ±16 V are applied for a sustained period. Voltages in excess of ±5V will cause errors and possible overranging on other analog input channels. 5. Voltages in excess of 5.5 volts applied to a control port can cause the CR10 to malfunction. 6. Voltage pulses can be counted by CR10 Pulse Counters configured for High Frequency Pulses.
CR10 MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL MODULE OVERVIEW Campbell Scientific Inc. provides four aids to understanding and operating the CR10: 1. 2. 3. 4. PCTOUR This Overview The CR10 Operator's Manual The CR10 Prompt Sheet PCTOUR is a computer-guided tour of CR10 operation and the use of the PC208 Datalogger Support Software. Much of the material in this Overview is covered in PCTOUR. A copy of PCTOUR is included with every datalogger or PC208 order.
CR10 OVERVIEW OV-2
CR10 OVERVIEW FIGURE OV1.1-1.
CR10 OVERVIEW FIGURE OV1.1-2.
CR10 OVERVIEW OV-5
CR10 OVERVIEW OV1.1.1 ANALOG INPUTS The terminals labeled 1H to 6L are analog inputs. These numbers refer to the high and low inputs to the differential channels 1 through 6. In a differential measurement, the voltage on the H input is measured with respect to the voltage on the L input. When making singleended measurements, either the H or L input may be used as an independent channel to measure voltage with respect to the CR10 analog ground (AG).
CR10 OVERVIEW OV1.2 CONNECTING POWER TO THE CR10 The CR10 can be powered by any 12VDC source. First connect the positive lead from the power supply to one of the 12V terminals and then connect the negative lead to one of the power ground (G) terminals. The Wiring Panel power connection is reverse polarity protected. See Section 14 for details on power supply connections. CAUTION: The metal surfaces of the CR10 Wiring Panel, and CR10KD Keyboard Display are at the same potential as power ground.
CR10 OVERVIEW INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS Sensors Control Specify the conversion of a sensor signal to a data value and store it in Input Storage. Programmable entries specify: (1) the measurement type (2) the number of channels to measure (3) the input voltage range (4) the Input Storage Location (5) the sensor calibration constants used to convert the sensor output to engineering units I/O Instructions also control analog outputs and digital control ports.
CR10 OVERVIEW OV2.2 CR10 INSTRUCTION TYPES Figure OV2.1-1 illustrates the use of three different instruction types which act on data. The fourth type, Program Control, is used to control output times and vary program execution. Instructions are identified by numbers. 1. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS (1-28, 101-104, Section 9) control the terminal strip inputs and outputs (the sensor is the source, Figure OV1.1-2), storing the results in Input Storage (destination).
CR10 OVERVIEW Table 1. Execute every x sec. 0.0156 < x < 8191 Instructions are executed sequentially in the order they are entered in the table. One complete pass through the table is made each execution interval unless program control instructions are used to loop or branch execution. Normal Order: MEASURE PROCESS CHECK OUTPUT COND. OUTPUT PROCESSING Table 2. Execute every y sec. 0.0156 < y < 8191 Table 2 is used if there is a need to measure and process data on a separate interval from that in Table 1.
CR10 OVERVIEW contains a program editor (EDLOG), a terminal emulator (GraphTerm), telecommunications (TELCOM), a data reduction program (SPLIT), and programs to retrieve data from both generations of Campbell Scientific's Storage Modules (SMREAD and SMCOM). To participate in the programming examples (Section OV5) you must communicate with the CR10. Read Section OV3.1 if the CR10KD is being used, Section OV3.2 if the PC208 software is being used, or Section 3.
CR10 OVERVIEW straight cable with the proper connectors (Campbell Scientific SC25PS or equivalent for a 25 pin serial port configured DTE). OV3.3.2 ESTABLISHING COMMUNICATION WITH THE CR10 Communication software is available for most computers having a serial port. Campbell Scientific's PC208 Datalogger Support Software is available for IBM PC/XT/AT/PS-2's and compatibles. The software must be capable of the following communication protocol: 1.
CR10 OVERVIEW TABLE OV4.1-1. * Mode Summary Key Mode some keys available in addition to those found on the CR10KD. Table OV4.2-2 lists these keys. TABLE OV4.2-2. Additional Keys Allowed in LOG data and indicate active Tables Program Table 1 Telecommunications Program Table 2 Program Table 3, subroutines only Key Action Display/set real time clock Change Sign, Index (same as C) Display/alter Input Storage data, CR Enter/advance (same as A) toggle flags or control ports.
CR10 OVERVIEW determined by the order of the Output Processing Instructions in the table. 6. Repeat steps 4 through 6 for additional outputs on different intervals or conditions. NOTE: The program must be executed for output to occur. Therefore, the interval at which the Output Flag is set must be evenly divisible by the execution interval.
CR10 OVERVIEW datalogger is powered-up, requiring only that the clock be set. The program on power up function can be achieved by using a SM192/716 Storage Module. Up to 8 programs can be stored in the Storage Module, the programs may be assigned any of the numbers 1-8. If the Storage Module is connected when the CR10 is powered-up the CR10 will automatically load program number 8, provided that a program 8 is loaded in the Storage Module (Section 1.8). OV5.
CR10 OVERVIEW OV5.1 SAMPLE PROGRAM 1 In this example the CR10 is programmed to read its own internal temperature (using a built in thermistor) every 5 seconds and to send the results to Final Storage. Display Will Show: Key (ID:Data) Display Will Show: Key (ID:Data) Wait a few seconds: 01:21.423 The CR10 has read the sensor and stored the result again. The internal temp is now 21.423 oC. The value is updated every 5 seconds when the table is executed.
CR10 OVERVIEW A 02:0000 Enter 1 and advance to second parameter (Input Storage location to sample). 1 02:1 Input Storage Location 1, where the temperature is stored. A 04:P00 Enter 1 and advance to fourth program instruction. * 00:00 Exit Table 1. 0 LOG 1 Enter *0 Mode, compile program, log data. The CR10 is now programmed to measure the internal temperature every 5 seconds and send each reading to Final Storage. Values in Final Storage can be viewed using the *7 Mode.
CR10 OVERVIEW Parameter 2 is the voltage range to use when making the measurement. The output of a type T thermocouple is approximately 40 microvolts per degree C difference in temperature between the two junctions. The ±2.5 mV scale will provide a range of +2500/40 = +62.5 oC (i.e., this scale will not overrange as long as the measuring junction is within 62.5 oC of the panel temperature). The resolution of the ±2.5 mV range is 0.33 µV or 0.008 oC.
CR10 OVERVIEW SAMPLE PROGRAM 2 Instruction # (Loc:Entry) Parameter (Par#:Entry) Description *1 Enter Program Table 1 01:60 60 second (1 minute) execution interval Key "#D" until is displayed 01:P00 01:P17 01:1 02:P14 (differential) Measure internal temperature Store temp in Location 1 Measure thermocouple temperature 01:1 02:1 03:5 04:1 05:1 06:2 07:1 08:0 Instruction # (Loc.:Entry) Erase previous Program before continuing. Parameter Par.
CR10 OVERVIEW Instruction # (Loc.:Entry) Parameter (Par.#:Entry) 09: P74 01:1 02:10 03:2 Description Minimize instruction One repetition Output the time of the daily minimum in hours and minutes Data source is Input Storage Location 2. The program to make the measurements and to send the desired data to Final Storage has been entered. At this point, Instruction 96 is entered to enable data transfer from Final Storage to Storage Module. 10:P96 1:71 Activate Serial Data Output.
CR10 OVERVIEW TABLE OV6.1-1. Data Retrieval Methods and Related Instructions Storage Module Inst. 96, *8 *9 Printer, other Serial Device Inst. 96, *8 Inst. 98, Telecommunications (RF, Phone, Short Haul, SC32A) Inst. 97 (Telecommunications Commands) TABLE OV6.1-2. Data Retrieval Sections in Manual Instruction or Mode 96 Instr. 97 *8 *9 Telecommunications Section in Manual 4.1, 12 12 4.2 4.
CR10 OVERVIEW OV-22
CR10 OVERVIEW FIGURE OV6.1-1.
CR10 OVERVIEW OV7.
CR10 OVERVIEW OV-25
CR10 OVERVIEW OV-26
SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES 1.1 PROGRAM TABLES - *1, *2, AND *3 MODES Data acquisition and processing functions are controlled by user-entered instructions contained in program tables. Programming can be separated into 2 tables, each having its own user-entered execution interval. A third table is available for programming subroutines which may be called by instructions in Tables 1 or 2 or by a special interrupt. The *1 and *2 Modes are used to access Tables 1 and 2.
SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES Subroutines 97 and 98 have the unique capability of being executed when a port goes high (ports 7 and 8 respectively). Either subroutine will interrupt Tables 1 and 2 (Section 1.1.3) when the appropriate port goes high. Port 7 cannot wake the processor, subroutine 97 will be executed at the next 1/8 second interval after the port goes high. Port 8 will wake the processor within a few microseconds. The port triggers on the rising edge (i.e., when it goes from low to high).
SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES second or less remain constant while time is reset. Averaged values will still be accurate, though the interval may have a different number of samples than normal. Totalized values will reflect the different number of samples. The pulse count instruction will use the previous interval's value if an option has been selected to discard odd intervals, otherwise it will use the count accumulated in the interval. TABLE 1.2-1.
SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES 1.3.2 DISPLAYING AND TOGGLING USER FLAGS If D is keyed while the CR10 is displaying a location value, the current status of the user flags will be displayed in the following format: "00:010010". The characters represent the flags, the left-most digit is Flag 1 and right most is Flag 8. A "0" indicates the flag is clear and a "1" indicates the flag is set. In the above example, Flags 4 and 7 are set. To toggle a flag, simply press the corresponding number.
SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES require 2. Section 2 describes Final Storage and data retrieval in detail. Table 1.5-1 lists the basic memory functions and the amount of memory allotted to them.
SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES TABLE 1.5-1. Memory Allocation in CR10 (32K ROM, 64K RAM) DEFAULT ALLOCATION 64K RAM Bytes Loc. Program Memory System Memory Input Storage Intermediate Storage 1986 3302 112 28 256 64 Final Storage Area 1 Area 2 59,816 29,908 0 0 MAXIMUM REALLOCATION FROM FINAL STORAGE Maximum No. of Input + Intermediate Storage Locations 6,862 Notes: 1) 2) 3) Minimum No. of Final Storage Locations Area 1 + Area 2 16,368 28 is the minimum number of Input Storage locations.
SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES A 05: XXXXX Bytes free in program memory. Key in 1986 to completely reset datalogger.
SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES The maximum size of Input and Intermediate Storage and the minimum size of Final Storage are determined by the size of RAM chips installed (Table 1.5-1). Input and Intermediate Storage are confined to the same RAM chip as system and program memory, they cannot be expanded onto the second chip which is always entirely dedicated to Final Storage. A minimum 28 Input and 768 Final Storage Area 1 locations will ALWAYS be retained. The size of Intermediate Storage may be reduced to 0.
SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES A 07: XXXX. Version revision number TABLE 1.7-1. *C Mode Entries SECURITY DISABLED Keyboard Entry Display ID: Data *C 01:XXXX A A 02:XXXX 03:XXXX Keyboard Entry Display ID: Data *C 12:0000 A 01:XX Description Non-zero password blocks entry to *1, *2, *3, *A, and *D Modes. Non-zero password blocks *5 and *6 except for display. Non-zero password blocks *5, *6, *7, *8, *9, *B, and all telecommunications commands except A, L, N, and E.
SECTION 1.
SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES Commands 1 and 2 (when entered from the Keyboard/Display) and 7 have an additional 2 digit option parameters (7 is entered with the Storage Module address, e.g., 71). The CR10 will display the command number and prompt for the option. If the keyboard display is not being used, the CR10 will have already set the baud rate to that of the device it is communicating with and will be ready to send or receive the file as soon as command 1 or 2 is entered. TABLE 1.8-2.
SECTION 1. FUNCTIONAL MODES LOAD PROGRAM FROM ASCII FILE Command 2 sets up the CR10 to load a program which is input as serial ASCII data in the same form as sent in response to command 1. A download file need not follow exactly the same format that is used when listing a program (i.e., some of the characters sent in the listing are not really used when a program is loaded). Some rules which must be followed are: 1.
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SECTION 2. INTERNAL DATA STORAGE 2.1 FINAL STORAGE AREAS, OUTPUT ARRAYS, AND MEMORY POINTERS Final Storage is that portion of memory where final processed data are stored. It is from Final Storage that data is transferred to your computer or external storage peripheral. Final Storage Area 1 is the default storage area and the only one used if the operator does not specifically allocate memory to Area 2. A minimum of 768 memory locations will ALWAYS be retained in Final Storage Area 1.
2-2
SECTION 2. INTERNAL DATA STORAGE Output Processing Instructions store data into Final Storage only when the Output Flag is set. The string of data stored each time the Output Flag is set is called an OUTPUT ARRAY. The first data point in the output array is a 3 digit OUTPUT ARRAY ID. This ID number is set in one of two ways: 1.
SECTION 2. INTERNAL DATA STORAGE output in high resolution or could be offset by 20 ft. (transforming the range to 30 to 50 ft.). NOTE: All memory pointers are set to the DSP location when the datalogger compiles a program. For this reason, ALWAYS RETRIEVE UNCOLLECTED DATA BEFORE MAKING PROGRAM CHANGES. For example, assume the TPTR lags the DSP by less than 512 data points when the datalogger program is altered.
SECTION 2. INTERNAL DATA STORAGE If no memory has been allocated to Final Storage Area 2, this first window will be skipped. The next window displays the current DSP location. Pressing A advances you to the Output array ID of the oldest Array in the Storage Area. To locate a specific Output Array, enter a location number that positions the Display Pointer (DPTR) behind the desired data and press the "A" key.
SECTION 3. INSTRUCTION SET BASICS The instructions used to program the CR10 are divided into four types: Input/Output (I/O), Processing, Output Processing, and Program Control. I/O Instructions are used to make measurements and store the readings in input locations or to initiate analog or digital port output. Processing Instructions perform mathematical operations using data from Input Storage locations and place the results back into specified Input Storage locations.
SECTION 3. INSTRUCTION SET BASICS Location or Port the instruction acts on. Normally the loop counter is incremented by 1 after each pass through the loop. Instruction 90, Step Loop Index, allows the increment step to be changed. See Instructions 87 and 90, Section 12, for more details. To index an input location (4 digit integer) or set port command (2 digit integer) parameter, C or "-" is pressed after keying the value but before entering the parameter.
SECTION 3. INSTRUCTION SET BASICS The instructions to output the average temperature every 10 minutes are in Table 2 which has an execution interval of 10 seconds. The temperature will be measured 600 times in the 10 minute period, but the average will be the result of only 60 of those measurements because the instruction to average is executed only one tenth as often as the instruction to make the measurement.
SECTION 3. INSTRUCTION SET BASICS As an example, suppose it is desired to obtain a wind speed rose incorporating only wind speeds greater than or equal to 4.5 m/s. The wind speed rose is computed using the Histogram Instruction 75, and wind speed is stored in input location 14, in m/s. Instruction 89 is placed just before Instruction 75 and is used to set Flag 9 high if the wind speed is less than 4.5 m/s: TABLE 3.8-1. Command Codes 0 1-9, 79-99 10-19 20-29 30 31 32 41-48 51-58 61-68 71-78 TABLE 3.7-2.
SECTION 3. INSTRUCTION SET BASICS location is less than the fixed value specified in Instruction 83, the command in that Instruction 83 is executed, and execution branches to the END Instruction 95 which closes the case test (see Instruction 93). 3.8.2 NESTING FIGURE 3.8-2. Logical AND Construction If Then/Else comparisons may be nested to form logical AND or OR branching. Figure 3.82 illustrates an AND construction.
SECTION 3.
SECTION 3.
SECTION 3. INSTRUCTION SET BASICS TABLE 3.9-2. Processing Instruction Memory and Execution Times R = No. of Reps. INSTRUCTION INPUT LOC. MEMORY INTER. LOC.
SECTION 3. INSTRUCTION SET BASICS 1Output values may be sent to either Final Storage area or Input Storage with Instruction 80.
SECTION 3. INSTRUCTION SET BASICS TABLE 3.9-4. Program Control Instruction Memory and Execution Times INSTRUCTION 83 IF CASE Y 89 IF X<=>F 90 LOOP INDEX 91 IF FLAG/PORT 92 IF TIME 93 BEGIN CASE 94 ELSE 95 END 96 SERIAL OUT 97 INIT.TELE. 98 SEND CHAR. MEMORY INTER. PROG. LOC. BYTES 0 9 0 3 0 5 1 7 0 10 0 12 0 3 0 6 1 11 1 8 0 4 0 4 0 3 7 0 17 3 3.10 ERROR CODES There are four types of errors flagged by the CR10: Compile, Run Time, Editor, and *D Mode.
SECTION 3. INSTRUCTION SET BASICS *D Mode errors indicate problems with saving or loading a program. Only the error code is displayed. TABLE 3.10-1.
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SECTION 4. EXTERNAL STORAGE PERIPHERALS External data storage devices are used to provide a data transfer medium that the user can carry from the test site to the lab and to supplement the internal storage capacity of the CR10, allowing longer periods between visits to the site. The standard data storage peripheral for the CR10 is the Storage Module (Section 4.5). Output to a printer or related device is also possible (Section 4.4).
SECTION 4. EXTERNAL STORAGE PERIPHERALS Instruction 96 has a single parameter which specifies the peripheral to send output to. Table 4.1-1 lists the output device codes. TABLE 4.1-1. Output Device Codes for Instruction 96 and *8 Mode Code Device 00 Tape. Data transferred in blocks of 512 Final Storage locations Tape. All data since last output. [Inst.
SECTION 4. EXTERNAL STORAGE PERIPHERALS TABLE 4.2-1. *8 Mode Entries Key Display ID:DATA *8 08:00 A A 01:XX 02:XXXXX A 03:XXXXX A 04:00 Description Key 1 or 2 for Storage Area. (This window is skipped if no memory has been allocated to Final Storage Area 2.) Key in Output Device Option. See Table 4.1-1. Start of dump location. Initially the TPTR, SPTR or PPTR location; a different location may be entered if desired. End of dump location.
SECTION 4. EXTERNAL STORAGE PERIPHERALS the RC35 by switching power through the DC power line of the SC92A/SC93A. TABLE 4.3-1 Cassette Recorder Specifications Power 6 VDC (provided by CR10 through SC92A or SC93A); 4 AA size batteries; 120 VAC/6 VDC adapter Current Drain while Recording 200 mA typ./5 sec., 300 max. Tape Length C-60 recommended Tape Quality Normal bias, high quality (e.g., TDK, Maxell) External Inputs Mic.
SECTION 4. EXTERNAL STORAGE PERIPHERALS 4.3.3 TAPE FORMAT Data is transferred to cassette tape in the high speed/high density Format 2. Data tapes generated by the CR10 are read by the PC201 tape read card for the IBM PC or by the C20 Cassette Interface. The C20 decodes the tape and transmits the data in ASCII to any external device equipped with a standard RS232 interface. TABLE 4.3-2. Format 2 Specifications Data Low Resolution High Resolution C-60 Capacity (Lo Res.) Data Transfer Rate (Lo Res.
SECTION 4.
SECTION 4. EXTERNAL STORAGE PERIPHERALS FIGURE 4.4-1. Example of CR10 Printable ASCII Output Format 4.4.2 COMMA DELINEATED ASCII Comma Delineated ASCII strips all IDs, leading zeros, unnecessary decimal points and trailing zeros, and plus signs. Data points are separated by commas. Arrays are separated by Carriage Return Line Feed. Comma Delineated ASCII requires approximately 6 bytes per data point. Example: 1,234,1145,23.65,-12.26,625.9 1,234,1200,24.1,-10.98,650.3 4.
SECTION 4. EXTERNAL STORAGE PERIPHERALS Module is connected, and it is not full, address 1 will address that Storage Module regardless of the address that is assigned to the Module. Address 1 would be used with Instruction 96 if several Storage Modules with different addresses were connected to the CR10 and were to be filled sequentially. The Storage modules would be configured as fill and stop. When the lowest addressed Module was full data would be written to the next lowest addressed Module, etc. 4.5.
SECTION 4. EXTERNAL STORAGE PERIPHERALS one response, advance through these and return to the *9 command state by keying A.
SECTION 4. EXTERNAL STORAGE PERIPHERALS TABLE 4.6-1. *9 Commands for Storage Module COMMAND DISPLAY DESCRIPTION 1 01: 0000 3 01: XX 03: 01 4 04: XX RESET, enter 248 to erase all data and programs. While erasing, the SM checks memory. The number of good chips is then displayed (6 for SM192, 22 SM716). INSERT FILE MARK, 1 indicates that the mark was inserted, 0 that it was not.
SECTION 4.
SECTION 5. TELECOMMUNICATIONS Telecommunications is used to retrieve data from Final Storage directly to a computer/terminal and to program the CR10. Any user communication with the CR10 that makes use of a computer or terminal instead of the CR10KD is through Telecommunications.
SECTION 5. TELECOMMUNICATIONS 3. Valid characters are the numbers 0-9, the capital letters A-M, the colon (:), and the carriage return (CR). 4. An illegal character increments a counter and zeros the command buffer, returning a *. 5. CR to datalogger means "execute". 6. CRLF from datalogger means "executing command". 7. ANY character besides a CR sent to the datalogger with a legal command in its buffer causes the datalogger to abort the command sequence with CRLF* and to zero the command buffer. 8.
SECTION 5. TELECOMMUNICATIONS TABLE 5.1-1. Telecommunications Commands Command [F.S. Area]A Description SELECT AREA/STATUS - If 1 or 2 does not precede the A to select the Final Storage Area, the CR10 will default to Area 1. All subsequent commands other than A will address the area selected.
SECTION 5. TELECOMMUNICATIONS K [Password]L [X]M 1N CURRENT INFORMATION - In response to the K command, the CR10 sends datalogger time, user flag status, the data at the input locations requested in the J command, and Final Storage Data if requested by the J command. Used in the Monitor Mode and with Heads Up Display. See Appendix C. Unlocks security (if enabled) to the level determined by the password entered (See *C Mode, Section 1.7).
SECTION 6. 9-PIN SERIAL INPUT/OUTPUT 6.1 PIN DESCRIPTION All external communication peripherals connect to the CR10 through the 9-pin subminiature Dtype socket connector located on the front of the Wiring Panel (Figure 6.1-1). Table 6.1-1 shows the I/O pin configuration, and gives a brief description of the function of each pin. FIGURE 6.1-1. 9-pin Female Connector TABLE 6.1-1. Pin Description ABR PIN O I = = = = Abbreviation for the function name. Pin number. Signal Out of the CR10 to a peripheral.
SECTION 6. 9-PIN SERIAL INPUT/OUTPUT FIGURE 6.2-1. Hardware Enabled and Synchronously Addressed Peripherals 6.2 ENABLING AND ADDRESSING PERIPHERALS While several peripherals may be connected in parallel to the 9-pin port, the CR10 has only one transmit line (pin 9) and one receive line (pin 4, Table 6.1-1).
SECTION 6. 9-PIN SERIAL INPUT/OUTPUT from enabled peripherals in that they are not enabled solely by a hardware line (Section 6.2.1); an SD is enabled by an address synchronously clocked from the CR10 (Section 6.6). from interrupting data transfer to a pin-enabled print device. Up to 16 SDs may be addressed by the CR10. Unlike an enabled peripheral, the CR10 establishes communication with an addressed peripheral before data are transferred.
SECTION 6. 9-PIN SERIAL INPUT/OUTPUT 1. Comma delineated ASCII - after every 32 characters. 2. Printable ASCII - after every line. 3. Binary - after every 256 Final Storage locations. 4. Tape - after every block (512 Final Storage locations). 6.5 MODEM/TERMINAL PERIPHERALS The CR10 considers any device with an asynchronous serial communications port which raises the Ring line (and holds it high until the ME line is raised) to be a modem peripheral.
FIGURE 6.6-1.
SECTION 6. 9-PIN SERIAL INPUT/OUTPUT State 2 requires all SDs to drop the Ring line and prepare for addressing. The CR10 then synchronously clocks 8 bits onto TXD using CLK/HS as a clock. The least significant bit is transmitted first and is always logic high. Each bit transmitted is stable on the rising edge of CLK/HS. The SDs shift in bits from TXD on the rising edge of CLK/HS provided by the CR10. The CR10 can only address one device per State 2 cycle.
SECTION 6. 9-PIN SERIAL INPUT/OUTPUT tions Command State (Section 5). If the carriage returns are not received within the 40 seconds, the CR10 "hangs up". TABLE 6.7-1.
SECTION 6. 9-PIN SERIAL INPUT/OUTPUT 22 6-8 RI I Ring Indicator: The modem raises this line to tell the terminal that the phone is ringing. 7 SG Signal Ground: Voltages are measured relative to this point.
SECTION 6. 9-PIN SERIAL INPUT/OUTPUT FIGURE 6.7-1. Transmitting the ASCII Character 1 If the computer/terminal is configured as DCE equipment (pin 2 is an input for RD), a null modem cable is required. See the SC32A manual for details. 6.7.3 COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL/TROUBLE SHOOTING The ASCII standard defines an alphabet consisting of 128 different characters where each character corresponds to a number, letter, symbol, or control code.
SECTION 6. 9-PIN SERIAL INPUT/OUTPUT To overcome the limitations of half duplex, some communications links expect a terminal sending data to also write the data to the screen. This saves the remote device having to echo that data back. If, when communicating with a Campbell Scientific device, characters are displayed twice (in pairs), it is likely that the terminal is set to half duplex rather than the correct setting of full duplex.
SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES This section gives some examples of Input Programming for common sensors used with the CR10. These examples detail only the connections, Input, Program Control, and Processing Instructions necessary to perform measurements and store the data in engineering units in Input Storage. Output Processing Instructions are omitted (see Section 8 for some processing and program control examples).
SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES FIGURE 7.2-1. Typical Connection for Active Sensor with External Battery 7.2 DIFFERENTIAL VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT Some sensors either contain or require active signal conditioning circuitry to provide an easily measured analog voltage output. Generally, the output is referenced to the sensor ground. The associated current drain usually requires a power source external to the CR10.
SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES FIGURE 7.3-1. CR10TCR Mounted on the CR10 Wiring Panel 7.3 THERMOCOUPLE TEMPERATURES USING THE OPTIONAL CR10TCR TO MEASURE THE REFERENCE TEMPERATURE The CR10TCR Thermocouple Reference is a temperature reference for thermocouples measured with the CR10 Measurement and Control Module. When installed, the CR10TCR lies between the two analog input terminal strips of the CR10 Wiring Panel (see Figure 7.3-1).
SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES FIGURE 7.4-1. Thermocouples with External Reference Junction In the following example, an external temperature measurement is used as the reference for 5 thermocouple measurements. A Campbell Scientific 107 Temperature Probe is used to measure the reference temperature. The connection scheme is shown in Figure 7.4-1.
SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES temperatures of the three probes which are stored in Input Locations 1-3; the RH values are stored in Input Locations 4-6. The temperature measurements are made on single-ended input channels 1-3, just as in example 7.5. The program listed below is a continuation of the program given in example 7.5.
SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES FIGURE 7.8-1. Wiring Diagram for Rain Gage with Long Leads 7.8 TIPPING BUCKET RAIN GAGE WITH LONG LEADS A tipping bucket rain gage is measured with the Pulse Count Instruction configured for Switch Closure. Counts from long intervals will be used, as the final output desired is total rainfall (obtained with Instruction 72, Totalize).
SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES FIGURE 7.9-1. Wiring Diagram for PRT in 4 Wire Half Bridge The result of Instruction 9 when the first differential measurement (V1) is not made on the 2.5 V range is equivalent to Rs/Rf. Instruction 16 computes the temperature (°C) for a DIN 43760 standard PRT from the ratio of the PRT resistance at the temperature being measured to its resistance at 0°C (Rs/R0).
SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES FIGURE 7.10-1. 3 Wire Half Bridge Used to Measure 100 ohm PRT 7.10 100 OHM PRT IN 3 WIRE HALF BRIDGE The temperature measurement requirements in this example are the same as in Section 7.9. In this case, a three wire half bridge, Instruction 7, is used to measure the resistance of the PRT. The diagram of the PRT circuit is shown in Fig. 7.10-1. As in the example in Section 7.
SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES FIGURE 7.11-1. Full Bridge Schematic for 100 ohm PRT 7.11 100 OHM PRT IN 4 WIRE FULL BRIDGE This example describes obtaining the temperature from a 100 ohm PRT in a 4 wire full bridge (Instruction 6). The temperature being measured is in a constant temperature bath and is to be used as the input for a control algorithm. The PRT in this case does not adhere to the DIN standard (alpha = 0.00385) used in the temperature calculating Instruction 16.
SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES coefficient is 0.00385/°C. The change in nonlinearity of a PRT with the temperature coefficient of 0.00392/°C is minute compared with the slope change. Entering a slope correction factor of 0.00385/0.00392 = 0.98214 as the multiplier in Instruction 16 results in a calculated temperature which is well within the accuracy specifications of the PRT. PROGRAM 01: 01: 02: P6 1 21 03: 3 04: 1 05: 2500 06: 11 07: 0.001 08: .02344 Full Bridge Rep 2.
SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES FIGURE 7.12-1. Wiring Diagram for Full Bridge Pressure Transducer FIGURE 7.13-1. Lysimeter Weighing Mechanism 7.13 LYSIMETER - 6 WIRE FULL BRIDGE When a long cable is required between a load cell and the CR10, the resistance of the wire can create a substantial error in the measurement if the 4 wire full bridge (Instruction 6) is used to excite and measure the load cell.
SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES FIGURE 7.13-2. 6 Wire Full Bridge Connection for Load Cell copper changes 0.4% per degree C change in temperature. Assume that the cable between the load cell and the CR10 lays on the soil surface and undergoes a 25°C diurnal temperature fluctuation. If the resistance is 33 ohms at the maximum temperature, then at the minimum temperature, the resistance is: (1-25x0.004)33 ohms = 29.7 ohms The actual excitation voltage at the load cell is: V1 = 350/(350+29.
SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES The average is used, instead of a sample, in order to cancel out effects of wind loading on the lysimeter. PROGRAM 01: 01: 02: P9 1 25 03: 22 04: 1 05: 1 06: 2500 07: 1 08: 46.583 09: 0 02: 01: 02: 03: P34 1 266 2 Full BR w/Compensation Rep 2500 mV 60 Hz rejection EX Range 7.5 mV 60 Hz rejection BR Range IN Chan Excite all reps w/EXchan 1 mV Excitation Loc [:RAW mm ] Mult Offset Z=X+F X Loc RAW mm F Z Loc [:mm H20 ] 7.
SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES PROGRAM 01: P5 01: 6 02: 15 03: 1 04: 1 05: 2500 06: 1 07: 1 08: 0 AC Half Bridge Reps 2500 mV fast Range IN Chan Excite all reps w/EXchan 1 mV Excitation Loc [:H20 BARS ] Mult Offset 02: 01: 02: 03: P59 6 1 .1 BR Transform Rf[X/(1-X)] Reps Loc [:H20 BARS ] Multiplier (Rf) 03: 01: 02: 03: 04: 05: 06: 07: 08: 09: P55 6 1 1 Polynomial Reps X Loc H20 BARS F(X) Loc [:H20 BARS ] .15836 C0 6.1445 C1 -8.4189 C2 9.2493 C3 -3.1685 C4 .33392 C5 7.
SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES PROGRAM 01: 01: 02: P4 5 25 03: 1 04: 1 05: 10 06: 2000 07: 1 08: .001 09: 0 02: 01: 02: 03: 04: 05: 06: 07: 08: 09: P55 5 1 1 -53.784 147.97 -218.76 219.05 -111.34 23.365 Excite,Delay,Volt(SE) Reps 2500 mV 60 Hz rejection Range IN Chan Excite all reps w/EXchan 1 Delay (units .01sec) mV Excitation Loc [:TEMP C #1] Mult Offset Polynomial Reps X Loc TEMP C #1 F(X) Loc [:TEMP C #1] C0 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 7.
SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES The following calculations are based on using a Geokon model 4500 Vibrating Wire sensor. An individual multiplier and offset must be calculated for each sensor used in a system. MULTIPLIER The fundamental equation relating frequency to pressure is P = -FxG + B where P = pressure, PSI G = the Gage Factor obtained from the sensors calibration sheet in PSI/digit. The units of a digit are Hz2(10-3). B = offset Fx = f2Hz2(10-3), where f is frequency.
SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES FIGURE 7.16-2.
SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES FIGURE 7.16-3. Hook up to AVW1 Program: AVW1 & CR10 USED TO MEASURE 1 GEOKON VIBRATING WIRE SENSOR. * 01: 1 60 01: P4 01: 1 02: 15 03: 1 04: 1 05: 1 06: 2500 07: 1 08: .001 09: 0 7-18 Table 1 Programs Sec. Execution Interval Excite,Delay,Volt(SE) Rep 2500 mV fast Range IN Chan Excite all reps w/EXchan 1 Delay (units .01sec) mV Excitation Loc [:TEMP ] Mult Offset 02: 01: 02: 03: 04: 05: 06: 07: 08: 09: P55 1 1 1 -104.78 378.11 -611.59 544.27 -240.91 43.
SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES 10: 0 04: 01: 02: 03: P34 1 -24 3 Z=X+F X Loc TEMP F Z Loc [:TEMP COMP] 05: 01: 02: 03: P37 3 -.0698 3 Z=X*F X Loc TEMP COMP F Z Loc [:TEMP COMP] 06: 01: 02: 03: P33 3 2 2 Z=X+Y X Loc TEMP COMP Y Loc PRESSURE Z Loc [:PRESSURE ] 07: 01: 02: 03: 04: P89 5 1 0 30 If X<=>F X Loc CMPILE CK = F Then Do 08: 01: 02: 03: P34 2 47.
SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES Time out calculations using a recommended 9000 and 5000 cycles for temperature and pressure at the maximum frequency are shown below. Time out for temperature: 6, 5.22 = (5.8*10-6)(9000/0.01) Time out for pressure: 16, 15.5 = (3.1*10-5)(5000/0.01) If the time out expires before the requested number of cycles are read, -99999 is stored in the input location (Parameter 6).
SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES FIGURE 7.17-1. CR10/Paroscientific "T" Series Transducer Wiring Diagram Subroutine 1, which loads the coefficients into input locations, is called only on the first execution following program compilation. The temperature frequency is read on singleended Channel 12 and pressure is measured on single-ended Channel 1. Temperature, T0, D and C are computed in Subroutine 2 using a generalized fourth order polynomial equation.
SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES 04: 01: 02: 03: P35 10 9 8 Z=X-Y X Loc UT us Y Loc Uo Z Loc [:U ] 15: 01: 02: 03: P35 41 40 5 Z=X-Y X Loc SCRATCH 2 Y Loc SCRATCH 1 Z Loc [:1-(T/Ta)^] 05: 01: 02: P54 5 20 16: 01: 02: P54 5 30 03: 04: 1 15 03: 04: 1 15 05: 1 Block Move No. of Values First Source Loc Y4 DUMMY Source Step Destination Loc [:POLLY M4 ] Destination Step 05: 1 Block Move No.
SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES 26: P End Table 1 * 3 Table 3 Subroutines 01: 01: P85 1 Beginning of Subroutine Subroutine Number 02: 01: 02: 03: P30 5.8603 0 9 Z=F F Exponent of 10 Z Loc [:Uo ] 03: 01: 02: 03: P30 0 0 24 Z=F F Exponent of 10 Z Loc [:Y0 DUMMY ] 04: P30 01: -3970.3 02: 0 03: 23 Z=F F Exponent of 10 Z Loc [:Y1 ] 05: P30 01: -7114.3 02: 0 03: 22 Z=F F Exponent of 10 Z Loc [:Y2 ] 06: 01: 02: 03: P30 102.
SECTION 7.
SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES converts the readings to engineering units. Temperature (°C), pressure (psi), and signature are stored in Locations 17, 18, and 19, respectively. Instructions to output the readings to Final Storage are not included in this example. * 01: 1 60 Table 1 Programs Sec. Execution Interval If the program has just compiled, a 0 is in Loc 20. If Loc 20 = 0, call subroutine 1 and load the temperature coefficients into Loc 3..16.
SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES 13: 01: 02: 03: P30 21.
SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES The following examples are intended to illustrate the use of Processing and Program Control Instructions, flags, dual Final Storage, and the capability to direct the results of Output Processing Instructions to Input Storage. The specific examples may not be as important as some of the techniques employed, for example: Directing Output Processing to Input Storage is used in the Running Average and Rainfall Intensity examples (8.1 and 8.2).
SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES 04: 01: 02: 03: 04: 05: P54 9 12 1 11 1 Block Move No. of Values First Source Loc Temp i-8 Source Step First Dest. Loc [:Temp i-9 ] Destination Step 05: 01: P86 10 Do Set high Flag 0 (output) 06: 01: 02: P70 1 2 Sample Reps Loc 10smpl av 07: P End Table 1 In the above example, all samples for the average are stored in input locations. This is necessary when an average must be output with each new sample.
SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES Input Location Labels: 1:Rain (mm) 2:15min tot * 01: 01: 01: 02: 03: 04: 05: 06: 1 60 Table 1 Programs Sec. Execution Interval P3 1 1 2 1 .254 0 Pulse Rep Pulse Input Chan Switch Closure Loc [:Rain (mm)] Mult Offset 8.3 USING CONTROL PORTS AND LOOP TO RUN AM416 MULTIPLEXER This example uses an AM416 to measure 16 copper-constantan thermocouples and 16 Model 223 soil moisture blocks.
SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES FIGURE 8.3-1. AM416 Wiring Diagram For Thermocouple and Soil Moisture Block Measurements EXAMPLE PROGRAM MULTIPLEXING THERMOCOUPLES AND SOIL MOISTURE BLOCK * 01: 1 600 Table 1 Programs Sec.
SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES 13: P End Table 1 8.4 SUB 1 MINUTE OUTPUT INTERVAL SYNCHED TO REAL TIME Output can be synchronized to seconds by pressing “-” or “C” while entering the first parameter in Instruction 92. If a counter, incremented within the program, was used to determine when to set the Output Flag, output would depend on the number of times the table was executed. The actual time of output would depend on when the program was actually compiled and started running.
SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES situation, it is more likely that the pulse counters would be used for 2 wind speeds.) In Program Table 1, the 2 normal pulse inputs are read and the hourly totals output to Final Storage with Instruction 72. 02: 30 06: 01: 02: P70 1 12 Sample Reps Loc Rain #3 The rain gage is connected as diagrammed below. When the switch closes, 5 volts is applied to port 8 which causes the subroutine to be executed.
SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES 8.6 SDM-A04 ANALOG OUTPUT MULTIPLEXER TO STRIP CHART This example illustrates the use of the SDMA04 4 Channel Analog Output Multiplexer to output 4 analog voltages to a strip chart. While of questionable value because of current requirements and strip chart reliability, some archaic regulations require strip chart backup on weather data. The SDM-A04 may be used with the CR10 to provide analog outputs to strip charts.
SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES 09: 01: 02: 03: P 4 30 5 10: 01: 02: 03: P92 0 60 10 If time is minutes into a minute interval Set high Flag 0 (output) 11: 01: 02: 03: 04: 05: P69 1 180 00 1 2 Wind Vector Rep Samples per sub-interval Polar Sensor/(S ,D1, SD1) Wind Speed/East Loc WS Wind Direction/North Loc 0-360 WD 12: 01: 02: P71 2 3 Average Reps Loc Ta 13: P 103 SDM-A04 Reps Address Loc WS output End Table 1 8.
SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES 02: 14: P95 15: P End Table 3 8.8 USE OF 2 FINAL STORAGE AREAS - SAVING DATA PRIOR TO EVENT One of the uses of 2 Final Storage Areas is to save a fixed amount of data before and after some event. In this example, a load cell is measured every second. It is assumed that at some random interval the load will exceed 25 pounds for less than 10 seconds. Exceeding 25 pounds is the event to be captured.
SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES 17: P94 Else 18: 01: 02: 03: P34 2 -1 2 Z=X+F X Loc DOWN CNT F Z Loc [:DOWN CNT ] 19: P95 End The multiplier, m, is calculated to provide depth of water in feet: 20: P End Table 1 m = (50 psi/4.993 mV/V) * (2.3067 ft/psi) * A Mode 10 Memory Allocation Input Locations Intermediate Locations Final Storage Area 2 m = 23.099 ft/mV/V 01: 02: 03: 28 64 84 8.
SECTION 8.
SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES 12: 01: P86 1 Do Call Subroutine 1 13: P95 End 05: 01: 02: P70 1 1 Sample Reps Loc LEVEL FT.
SECTION 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES This is a blank page.
SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS TABLE 9-1. Input Voltage Ranges and Codes Range Code Fast 60 Hz 250µs Reject Integ. Slow 2.72ms Integ. 1 2 3 4 5 11 12 13 14 15 Full Scale Range Resolution* 50 Hz Reject 21 22 23 24 25 31 32 33 34 35 ±2.5 ±7.5 ±25 ±250 ±2500 mV mV mV mV mV 0.33 1. 3.33 33.3 333. µV µV µV µV µV * Differential measurement; resolution for single-ended measurement is twice value shown.
SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS maximum input voltage is +20 volts. A problem, however, arises when the pulse is actually a low frequency signal (below about 10 Hz) and the positive voltage excursion exceeds 5.6 VDC. FIGURE 9-1. Conditioning for Long Duration Voltage Pulses When this happens, the excess voltage is shunted to the CR10 5 VDC supply, with the current limited by an internal 10 Kohm resistor. When this extra current source exceeds the quiescent current needs of the CR10 (about 0.
SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS is dependent upon the sampling interval (e.g., speed, RPM), the value from the excessive interval should be discarded. If the value is discarded the value in the RAM buffer from the previous measurement will be used. There is also an option to output the count as a frequency (i.e., counts/execution interval in seconds = Hz) as well as discard the result from an excessive interval. This allows the use of a conversion factor that is independent of the execution interval.
SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS PARAM.
SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS is specified, the inputs for the differential measurement are not switched for a second integration as is normally the case. With the 0 delay, Instruction 8 does not have as good resolution or common mode rejection as other differential measurements. It does provide a very rapid means of making bridge measurements. This instruction does not reverse excitation. A 1 before the excitation channel number (1X) causes the channel to be incremented with each repetition. PARAM.
SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS Thermistor Probe, makes a fast, single-ended voltage measurement across a resistor in series with the thermistor, and calculates the temperature in °C with a polynomial. A 1 before the excitation channel number (1X) causes the channel to be incremented with each repetition. The maximum polynomial error from -40°C to +56°C is given here: The RH results are placed sequentially into the input locations beginning with the first RH value.
SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS to the calculated reference voltage, then converts the voltage to temperature in °C.
SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS TABLE 9-3. Thermocouple Type Codes Code X1 X2 X3 X4 Thermocouple Type T (copper - constantan) E (chromel - constantan) K (chromel - alumel) J (iron - constantan) X=0 X=8 Normal Measurement TC input from A5B40 isolation (uses 5 V range) Output -99999 if out of common mode range (Inst. 14 only) X=9 TABLE 9-4. Voltage and Temperature Ranges for Thermocouples if the Reference is 20°C Voltage Range Type T Type E Type K Type J ±2.5 mV ±7.
SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS is +0.006° at -200°C and -0.006° at +850°C. The input must be the ratio Rs/Ro, where Rs is the RTD resistance and Ro the resistance of the RTD at 0°C (Sections 7.9 and 7.10). PARAM.
SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS Pulse duration, initiated by a program control instruction, can be set for each control port (Table 12-2). Instruction 20 does not pulse the port, it only sets the duration. If Instruction 20 is not used to set the duration, the pulse command will result in a 10 ms pulse. Instruction 20 has two 4 digit parameters. Each digit represents one control port. The code (09) entered as the digit determines what effect command 20 has on the corresponding port. TABLE 9-5.
SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS When triggering on options 0 or 2, the measurement on the first specified channel (Parameter 3) is compared to the limit specified in Parameter 8. The user's multiplier and offset are not applied before the comparison: the limit must be entered in units of millivolts. If a digital trigger (low < 1.5V, 3.5 V < HIGH < 5 V) is used, it must be input to Digital Control Port #1. Option 2 is useful when 2 or more CR10's are required to start "Bursting" at the same time.
SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS general purpose data reduction program also contained in PC208. If SPLIT is not available for converting the raw A/D, the following A/D format information is provided for decoding purposes. At the start of the series of measurements, the CR10 makes a self-calibration measurement. The calibration data is sent at the start of the measurement data. The serial data is sent as a series of signed 2 byte integers (most significant byte sent first; i.e.
SECTION 9.
SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS NOTE: Voltages in excess of 5.5 volts applied to a control port can cause the CR10 to malfunction.
SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS PARAM. NUM. 01: 02: DATA TYPE 4 4 DESCRIPTION MASK (0-255) INPUT LOCATION TO STORE RESULT Input locations altered: 1 *** 26 TIMER *** FUNCTION This instruction will reset a timer or store the elapsed time registered by the timer in seconds in an Input Storage location. Instruction 26 can be used with Program Control Instructions to measure the elapsed time between specific input conditions. There is only one timer and it is common to all tables (e.g.
SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS of the measurement. An AVW1 or AVW4 Vibrating Wire Interface is usually required for these sensors. PARAM. NUMBER 01: DATA TYPE 2 02: 2 03: 04: 2 2 05: 2 06: 4 07: 4 08: 4 09: 10: DESCRIPTION Repetitions Hit C (--) to skip repeat of excitation Single-ended channel for first measurement Excitation Channel Start frequency of sweep (100'S of Hz) End frequency of sweep (100'S of Hz) # Cycles to measure (0 means none) Delay before excitation applied (0.
SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS If more channels are requested than exist in one module, the datalogger automatically increments the address and continues to the next SW8A. The address settings for multiple SW8A's must sequentially increase. For example, assume 2 SW8A's with an address of 22 and 23 are connected, and 12 Reps are requested. Eight channels from the first SW8A and the first 4 channels from the second SW8A will be read. PARAM.
SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS of each of the 16 control ports. Up to 16 SDMCD16AC's may be addressed, making it possible to control a maximum of 256 ports from the first three datalogger control ports. For each Rep, the 16 ports of the addressed SDM-CD16AC are sent according to 16 sequential input locations starting at the input location specified in parameter 3. Any non-zero value stored in an input location activates (connects to ground) the associated SDMCD16AC port.
SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS altered. Sequential locations will contain values from previous measurements. TRANSPARENT MODE The SDI-12 transparent mode is used to communicate directly with a SDI-12 sensor. A common application of the transparent mode is to verify proper SDI-12 sensor operation. A computer or terminal is required to use the transparent mode; the CR10KD (keyboard display) cannot be used.
SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS data line became active. If this occurs the sensor CR10 will not respond to the SDI-12 recorder. Most instructions execute fast enough that when Instruction 106 misses the initial SDI12 address, a subsequent retry by the recorder will work. PARAM. NUMBER DATA TYPE 01: 02: 4 4 03: 4 DESCRIPTION ADDRESS (0-9) TIME/VALUES tttn: ttt=time(sec) n=no. values LOCATION starting loc. for n values Input locations altered: 0 Intermediate locations required: 82.
SECTION 9. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS PARAMETER 3. LOCATION This parameter determines the starting input location for the 'n' values to be returned to the recorder. The 'M' or 'M1-M9' command issued by the SDI-12 recorder determines if the starting location is actually that specified in Parameter 3 or a multiple of 'n' past Parameter 3. Starting input location = Parameter 3 + (n*x), where n is specified in Parameter 2, and, x is the number following the 'M' sent by the SDI-12 recorder (1-9).
SECTION 10. PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS To facilitate cross referencing, parameter descriptions are keyed [ ] to the values given on the PROMPT SHEET. These values are defined as follows: PARAM.
SECTION 10. PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS PARAM. NUMBER *** 36 X * Y *** FUNCTION Multiply X by Y and place the result in an input location (Z). PARAM. NUMBER DATA TYPE DESCRIPTION 01: 4 Input location of X 02: 4 Dest. input location for [Z] X1/2 Input locations altered: DESCRIPTION 01: 4 Input location of X [X] 02: 4 Input location of Y [Y] 03: 4 Dest.
SECTION 10. PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS PARAM. NUMBER *** 43 ABS(X) *** FUNCTION Take the absolute (ABS) value of X and place the result in an input location. PARAM. NUMBER DATA TYPE 4 Input location of X [X] 02: 4 Dest. input location for [Z] ABS(X) FUNCTION Take the fractional (FRAC) value (i.e., the noninteger portion) of X and place the result in an input location. DATA TYPE 4 Input location of X 02: 4 Dest.
SECTION 10. PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS Parameter 3 cannot be entered as an indexed location within a loop (Instruction 87). To use Instruction 49 within a loop, enter Parameter 3 as a fixed location and follow 49 with the Instruction 31 (Move Data). In Instruction 31, enter the location in which 49 stores its result as the source (fixed) and enter the destination as an indexed location. PARAM. NUMBER PARAM.
SECTION 10. PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS PARAM.
SECTION 10. PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS Although the algorithm requires an air pressure entry, the daily fluctuations are small enough that for most applications a fixed entry of the standard pressure at the site elevation will suffice. If a pressure sensor is employed, the current pressure can be used. PARAM. NUMBER 01: 02: DATA TYPE 4 4 DESCRIPTION Input location of atmospheric pressure in kilopascals [PRESSURE] 4 Input location of wetbulb temp. [WB TEMP.
SECTION 10. PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS PARAM. NUMBER DATA TYPE DESCRIPTION 01: 4 Source input location 02: 4 Dest. input location Input locations altered: Y1U + Y2U2 + Y3U3 where, C = C1 + C2U + C3U2 (psi), T0 = T1 + T2U + T3U2 + T4U3 + T5U4 (microsecond), D = D1 + D2U (microsecond), 1 U = U(t) - U0 (microsecond), *** 63 PARAMETER EXTENSION *** Instruction 63 is used immediately following Instructions 97 or 98 to allow the entry of a variable number of parameters.
SECTION 10. PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS Example: The 14 coefficients shown below are for Paroscientific "T" Series transducer Serial Number 30135. Your coefficients will be different. Coeff. U0 Y1 Y2 * Y3 C1 C2 C3 * D1 D2 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 Value Entry 5.860253 -3970.348 -7114.265 102779.1 70.29398 6.610141 -119.2867 0.0308837 0.0 26.33703 0.8516985 21.80118 0.0 0.0 5.8603 -3970.3 -7114.3 102.78 70.294 6.6101 -119.29 30.884 0.0 26.337 0.85170 21.801 0.0 0.
SECTION 11. OUTPUT PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS *** 69 WIND VECTOR *** FUNCTION Instruction 69 processes the primary variables of wind speed and direction from either polar (wind speed and direction) or orthogonal (fixed East and North propellers) sensors. It uses the raw data to generate the mean wind speed, the mean wind vector magnitude, and the mean wind vector direction over an output interval.
SECTION 11. OUTPUT PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS In an example where the scan rate is 1 second and the Output Flag is set every 60 minutes, the standard deviation is calculated from all 3600 scans when the sub-interval is 0. With a sub-interval of 900 scans (15 minutes) the standard deviation is the average of the four sub-interval standard deviations. The last subinterval is weighted if it does not contain the specified number of scans. There are three Output Options that specify the values calculated.
SECTION 11. OUTPUT PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS where Ux=(Σsin Θi)/N Uy=(Σcos Θi)/N or, in the case of orthogonal sensors Ux=(Σ(Uei/Ui))/N Uy=(Σ(Uni/Ui))/N where Ui=(Uei2+Uni2)1/2 Standard deviation of wind direction, σ(Θ1), using Yamartino algorithm: σ(Θ1)=arc sin(ε)[1+0.1547 ε3] where, ε=[1-((Ux)2+(Uy)2)]1/2 and Ux and Uy are as defined above.
SECTION 11. OUTPUT PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS *** 71 AVERAGE *** FUNCTION This instruction stores the average value over the given output interval for each input location specified. PARAM. NUMBER DATA TYPE DESCRIPTION 01: 2 Repetitions 02: 4 Starting input location no. Outputs Generated: 1 for each input location *** 72 TOTALIZE *** FUNCTION This instruction stores totalized value over the given output interval for each input location specified. PARAM.
SECTION 11. OUTPUT PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS values are the contributions of the sub-ranges to the overall weighted value. To obtain the average of the weighted values that occurred while the bin select value was within a particular sub-range, the value output to Final Storage must be divided by the fraction of time that the bin select value was within that particular sub-range (i.e., a standard histogram of the bin select value must also be output).
SECTION 11. OUTPUT PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS PARAM. NUMBER DATA TYPE DESCRIPTION 01: 2 Repetitions 02: 4 Number of bins 03: 2 Form code (0=open form, 1=closed form) 04: 4 Bin select value input location no. 05: 4 Weighted value input location no. (0 = frequency distribution option) 06: FP Lower limit of range 07: FP Upper limit of range Outputs Generated: Number of Bins * Repetitions *** 77 RECORD REAL TIME *** FUNCTION This Instruction stores the current time in Final Storage.
SECTION 11. OUTPUT PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS Code Result xxx1 xx1x xx2x x1xx x2xx SECONDS (with resolution of 0.125 sec.) HOUR-MINUTE HOUR-MINUTE, 2400 instead of 0000 JULIAN DAY JULIAN DAY, previous day during first minute of new day YEAR 1xxx Any combination of Year, Day, HR-MIN, and seconds is possible (e.g., 1011: YEAR, HRMIN, SEC).
SECTION 11. OUTPUT PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS 01: 02: no. 2 4 Outputs Generated: This is a blank page.
SECTION 12. PROGRAM CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS TABLE 12-1. Flag Description Flag 0 Flag 1 to 8 Flag 9 Output Flag User Flags Intermediate Processing Disable Flag TABLE 12-2.
SECTION 12. PROGRAM CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS PARAM. NUMBER 01: DATA TYPE 2 DESCRIPTION Subroutine number (1-9, 79-99) *** 86 DO *** FUNCTION This Instruction unconditionally executes the specified command. PARAM.
SECTION 12. PROGRAM CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS Note that if the Output Flag is set prior to entering the loop in the above example, 10 values will be output. The first will be the average of all the readings in locations 1-10 since the previous output. Because the Intermediate locations are zeroed each time an output occurs, the next nine values will be the current values (samples at the time of output) of locations 2-10. for the dry-bulb, wet-bulb, and calculated vapor pressure, respectively.
SECTION 12. PROGRAM CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS c) End loop with Instruction 95. d) Use the If Time Instruction (#92) to set the Output Flag every hour. e) Use the Average Instruction (#71) with 5 repetitions starting at input location 21 to average the vapor pressure over the hour. The actual keyboard entries for the examples are shown below with the first example Instruction location equal to 10. The Input Instructions to make the pressure and temperature measurements are assumed. TABLE 12-3.
SECTION 12. PROGRAM CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS *** 88 IF X COMPARED TO Y *** TABLE 12-4. Example: Loop with Delay * 01: 1 10 01: 01: 02: P87 6 0 Beginning of Loop Delay Loop Count FUNCTION This Instruction compares two input locations and, if the result is true, executes the specified Command. The comparison codes are given in Table 12-5. 11: 01: P86 1 Do Call Subroutine 1 PARAM.
SECTION 12. PROGRAM CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS PARAM. NUMBER 01: DATA TYPE 2 DESCRIPTION Increment for the loop index counter *** 91 IF FLAG / PORT *** FUNCTION This Instruction checks the status of one of the ten Flags or one of the eight ports and conditionally performs the specified Command. The first Parameter specifies the condition to check: 1X 2X 4X 5X PARAM.
SECTION 12. PROGRAM CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS 04: 01: 02: 05: 01: 02: 03: else P83 77.3 30 P30 0 0 25 If Case Location < F F Then Do Z=F F Exponent of 10 Z Loc : 06: P95 End Then Do 07: P95 End of Case Statement *** 94 ELSE *** FUNCTION When Command 30 (Then/Else) is used with an If Instruction, the Else Instruction is used to mark the start of the instructions to execute if the test condition is false (Figure 3.8-1).
SECTION 12. PROGRAM CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS The source of data is the currently active Final Storage Area set by Instruction 80 (default = 0 or 1).NOTE: All memory pointers are positioned 8to the DSP location when the datalogger compiles a program. For this reason, Always retrieve uncollected data before making program changes. For example, assume the TPTR lags the DSP by less than 512 data points when the datalogger program is altered.
SECTION 12. PROGRAM CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS which the alarm call is initiated. The randomized retry time is divided by the execution interval to determine how many times Instruction 97 must be executed before it calls again. The Instruction must be executed each time the table is. Parameter 2 specifies which user flag (1-8) is to be used as the interrupt disable flag. If this flag is set, Instruction 97 will not initiate an alarm call.
SECTION 12.
SECTION 13. CR10 MEASUREMENTS 13.1 FAST AND SLOW MEASUREMENT SEQUENCE The CR10 makes voltage measurements by integrating the input signal for a fixed time and then holding the integrated value for the analog to digital (A/D) conversion. The A/D conversion is made with a 13 bit successive approximation technique which resolves the signal voltage to approximately one part in 7500 of the full scale range on a differential measurement (e.g., 1/7500 x 2.5 V = 333 uV).
SECTION 13. CR10 MEASUREMENTS FIGURE 13.2-1. Timing of Single-Ended Measurement 13.2 SINGLE-ENDED AND DIFFERENTIAL VOLTAGE MEASUREMENTS NOTE: The channel numbering on the old silver CR10 wiring panel refers to differential channels. Either the high or low side of a differential channel can be used for single-ended measurements. Each side must be counted when numbering singleended channels; e.g., the high and low sides of differential channel 4 are singleended channels 7 and 8, respectively.
SECTION 13. CR10 MEASUREMENTS In order to make a differential measurement, the inputs must be within the CR10 common mode range of ±2.5 V. The common mode range is the voltage range, relative to CR10 ground, within which both inputs of a differential measurement must lie in order for the differential measurement to be made. For example, if the high side of a differential input is at 2 V and the low side is at 1 V relative to CR10 ground, there is no problem; a measurement made on the +2.
SECTION 13. CR10 MEASUREMENTS discussed for minimizing input settling error when long leads are mandatory. FIGURE 13.3-1. Input Voltage Rise and Transient Decay 13.3.1 THE INPUT SETTLING TIME CONSTANT The rate at which an input voltage rises to its full value or that a transient decays to the correct input level are both determined by the input settling time constant. In both cases the waveform is an exponential. Figure 13.3-1 shows both a rising and decaying waveform settling to the signal level, Vso.
SECTION 13. CR10 MEASUREMENTS Before proceeding with examples of the effect of long lead lengths on the measurement, a discussion on obtaining the source resistance, Ro, and lead capacitance, CwL, is necessary. FIGURE 13.3-2. Typical Resistive Half Bridge FIGURE 13.3-3. Source Resistance Model for Half Bridge Connected to the CR10 DETERMINING SOURCE RESISTANCE The source resistance used to estimate the settling time constant is the resistance the CR10 input "sees" looking out at the sensor.
SECTION 13. CR10 MEASUREMENTS FIGURE 13.3-4. Wire Manufacturers Capacitance Specifications, Cw TABLE 13.3-2. Properties of Three Belden Lead Wires Used by Campbell Scientific Belden Wire # 8641 8771 8723 Conductors 1 shld. pair 1 shld. 3 cond. 2 shld.
SECTION 13. CR10 MEASUREMENTS FIGURE 13.3-6. Resistive Half Bridge Connected to Single-Ended CR10 Input Ro, the source resistance, is not constant because Rb varies from 0 to 10 kohms over the 0 to 360 degree wind direction range. The source resistance is given by: Ro = Rd+(Rb(Rs-Rb+Rf)/(Rs+Rf)) = Rd+(Rb(20k-Rb)/20k) [13.3-12] Note that at 360 degrees, Ro is at a maximum of 6k (Rb=10k) and at 0 degrees, Ro is 1k (Rb=0). It follows that settling errors are less at lower direction values.
SECTION 13. CR10 MEASUREMENTS TABLE 13.3-4. Measured Peak Excitation Transients for 1000 Foot Lengths of Three Belden Lead Wires Used by Campbell Scientific Vx(mV) # 8641 2000 1000 50 25 -----------------------Veo(mV) ----------------------Rf=10 kohm Rf=1 kohm # # # # 8771 8723 8641 8771 100 65 NOTE: Excitation transients are eliminated if excitation leads are contained in a shield independent from the signal leads.
SECTION 13. CR10 MEASUREMENTS TABLE 13.3-5. Summary of Input Settling Data For Campbell Scientific Resistive Sensors Sensor Model # Belden Wire # 107 207(RH) WVU-7 227 237 024A 8641 8771 8723 8641 8641 8771 * ** Ro Cw τ* (kohms) (pfd/ft.) (us) 1 1 1 0.1-1 1 1-6 42 41 62 42 42 41 Input Range(mV) 45 44 65 5-45 45 1-222 Vx(mV) Veo(mV)** 2000 1500 2000 250 2500 500 50 85 0 0 65 0-90 7.5 250 7.5 250 25 250 Estimated time constants are for 1000 foot lead lengths and include 3.
SECTION 13. CR10 MEASUREMENTS source resistance at point P (column 5) is essentially the same as the input source resistance of configuration A. Moving Rf' out to the thermistor as shown in Figure 13.3-7C optimizes the signal settling time because it becomes a function of Rf and Cw only. Columns 4 and 7 list the signal voltages as a function of temperature using a 2000 mV excitation for configurations A and C, respectively.
SECTION 13. CR10 MEASUREMENTS FIGURE 13.3-7.
SECTION 13. CR10 MEASUREMENTS FIGURE 13.3-8. Measuring Input Settling Error with the CR10 FIGURE 13.3-9. Incorrect Lead Wire Extension on Model 107 Temperature Sensor 13.4 THERMOCOUPLE MEASUREMENTS A thermocouple consists of two wires, each of a different metal or alloy, which are joined together at each end. If the two junctions are at different temperatures, a voltage proportional to the difference in temperatures is induced in the wires.
SECTION 13. CR10 MEASUREMENTS 13.4.1 ERROR ANALYSIS The error in the measurement of a thermocouple temperature is the sum of the errors in the reference junction temperature, the thermocouple output (deviation from standards published in NBS Monograph 125), the thermocouple voltage measurement, and the polynomial error (difference between NBS standard and CR10 polynomial approximations).
SECTION 13. CR10 MEASUREMENTS FIGURE 13.4-1. Thermistor Polynomial Error When both junctions of a thermocouple are at the same temperature, there is no voltage produced (law of intermediate metals). A consequence of this is that a thermocouple cannot have an offset error; any deviation from a standard (assuming the wires are each homogeneous and no secondary junctions exist) is due to a deviation in slope. In light of this, the fixed temperature limits of error (e.g., +1.
SECTION 13. CR10 MEASUREMENTS temperature due to the voltage measurements is a few hundredths of a degree. THERMOCOUPLE POLYNOMIALS - Voltage to Temperature Conversion NBS Monograph 125 gives high order polynomials for computing the output voltage of a given thermocouple type over a broad range of temperatures.
SECTION 13. CR10 MEASUREMENTS indicating 25.3°C, and the terminal that the thermocouple is connected to is 0.3°C cooler than the RTD. TABLE 13.4-4. Example of Errors in Thermocouple Temperature Source Error °C % of Total Error 1% Slope 1°C Error Error Reference Temp. 0.6 36.1 TC Output ANSI 0.01 x 20oC 1.0 0.2 60.1 Voltage Measurement 0.06 3.6 7.0 Reference Linearization 0.001 0.1 0.1 Output Linearization 0.001 0.1 0.1 Total Error With ANSI error 1.662 Assuming 1% slope error 69.6 23.
SECTION 13. CR10 MEASUREMENTS FIGURE 13.4-2. Diagram of Junction Box Radiation shielding must be provided when a junction box is installed in the field. Care must also be taken that a thermal gradient is not induced by conduction through the incoming wires. The CR10 can be used to measure the temperature gradients within the junction box. 13.5 BRIDGE RESISTANCE MEASUREMENTS There are 6 bridge measurement instructions included in the standard CR10 software. Figure 13.
SECTION 13. CR10 MEASUREMENTS FIGURE 13.5-1.
SECTION 13. CR10 MEASUREMENTS FIGURE 13.5-2. Excitation and Measurement Sequence for 4 Wire Full Bridge TABLE 13.5-1. Comparison of Bridge Measurement Instructions Instr. # Circuit Description 4 DC Half Bridge The delay parameter allows the user entered settling time compensate for capacitance in long lead lengths. No polarity reversal. One single-ended measurement. Measured voltage output. 5 AC Half Bridge Rapid reversal of excitation polarity for ion depolarization.
SECTION 13. CR10 MEASUREMENTS Calculating the actual resistance of a sensor which is one of the legs of a resistive bridge usually requires the use of one or two Processing Instructions in addition to the bridge measurement instruction. Instruction 59 takes a value, X, in a specified input location and computes the value MX/(1-X), where M is the multiplier and stores the result in the original location. Instruction 42 computes the reciprocal of a value in an input location. Table 13.
SECTION 13. CR10 MEASUREMENTS Rf = Rs/X 13.6 RESISTANCE MEASUREMENTS REQUIRING AC EXCITATION Some resistive sensors require AC excitation. These include the 207 Relative Humidity Probe, soil moisture blocks, water conductivity sensors, and wetness sensing grids. The use of DC excitation with these sensors can result in polarization, which will cause an erroneous measurement, and may shift the calibration of the sensor and/or lead to its rapid decay.
SECTION 13. CR10 MEASUREMENTS FIGURE 13.6-2. Model of Resistive Sensor with Ground Loop In Figure 13.6-2, Vx is the excitation voltage, Rf is a fixed resistor, Rs is the sensor resistance, and RG is the resistance between the excited electrode and CR10 earth ground. With RG in the network, the measured signal is: Rs V1 = Vx __________________ (Rs+Rf) + RsRf/RG [13.6-1] RsRf/RG is the source of error due to the ground loop. When RG is large the equation reduces to the ideal.
SECTION 13. CR10 MEASUREMENTS seconds). If the processing time exceeds the execution interval the CR10 finishes processing the table and awaits the next occurrence of the execution interval before initiating the table. At the fastest execution interval of 1/64 (0.0156) second the program table WILL be overrun by the automatic calibration. If an overrun occurs every time calibration is executed, then 1 execution is skipped for every 512 times that the program table is executed.
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SECTION 14. INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE 14.1 PROTECTION FROM THE ENVIRONMENT The normal environmental variables of concern are temperature and moisture. The standard CR10 is designed to operate reliably from -25 to +50°C (-55° to +85°C, optional). Internal moisture is eliminated by sealing the module at the factory with three packets of silica gel (0.75 g each) inside. The desiccant is replaced whenever the CR10 is repaired at Campbell Scientific.
SECTION 14. INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE System operating time for the batteries can be determined by dividing the battery capacity (amp-hours) by the average system current drain. The CR10 draws <1 mA in the quiescent state, 13 mA while processing, and 46 mA during an analog measurement; the length of operating time for each datalogger instruction is listed in the programming section. Typical current requirements for common CR10 peripherals are given in Table 14.2-1. 14.
SECTION 14. INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE monitor battery voltage. Replace the alkaline cells before the CR10 battery voltage drops below 9.6 V.
SECTION 14. INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE FIGURE 14.3-1. PS12 12 Volt Power Supply and Charging Regulator TABLE 14.3-1. Typical Alkaline Battery Service and Temperature Temperature (°C) 20 - 50 15 10 5 0 -10 -20 -30 % of 20°C Service 100 98 94 90 86 70 50 30 NOTE: This data is based on one "D" cell under conditions of 50 mA current drain with a 30 ohm load. As the current drain decreases, the percent service improves for a given temperature.
SECTION 14. INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE charging source is interrupted. The PS12LA specifications are given in Table 14.3-2. from the CR10 and charging circuit in order to measure the actual lead acid battery voltage. The two leads from the charging source can be inserted into either of the CHG ports, polarity doesn't matter. A transzorb provides transient protection to the charging circuit. A sustained input voltage in excess of 40 V will cause the transzorb to limit voltage.
SECTION 14. INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE TABLE 14.3-2. PS12LA Battery and AC Transformer Specifications Lead Acid Battery Battery Type Float Life @ 25°C Capacity Shelf Life, full charge Charge Time (AC Source) AC Transformer Input: Isolated Output: Yuasa NA 7-12 5 years typical 7.0 amp-hour Check twice yearly 40 hr full charge, 20 hr 95% charge 120 VAC, 60 Hz 18 VDC @ 1.11 A max. There are inherent hazards associated with the use of sealed lead acid batteries.
SECTION 14. INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE 14.4 SOLAR PANELS Auxiliary photovoltaic power sources may be used to maintain charge on lead acid batteries. When selecting a solar panel, a rule-of-thumb is that on a stormy overcast day the panel should provide enough charge to meet the system current drain (assume 10% of average annual global radiation, kW/m2). Specific site information, if available, could strongly influence the solar panel selection.
SECTION 14. INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE 14.7 GROUNDING 14.7.1 PROTECTION FROM LIGHTNING Primary lightning strikes are those where lightning hits the datalogger or sensors directly. Secondary strikes occur when the lightning strikes somewhere near the system and induces a voltage in the wires. The purpose of an earth ground is to minimize damage to the system by providing a low resistance path around the system to a point of low potential.
SECTION 14. INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE In the field, an earth ground may be created through a grounding rod. A 12 AWG or larger wire should be run between a Wiring Panel power ground (G) terminal and the earth ground. Campbell Scientific's CM10 and CM6 Tripods come complete with ground and lightning rods, grounding wires, and appropriate ground wire clamps. 14.7.
SECTION 14. INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE Scientific offers the A21REL-12 Four Channel Relay Driver (12 V coil) and the A6REL-12 Six Channel Relay Driver with manual override (12 V coil) for use with the CR10. to be powered draws in excess of 75 mA at room temperature (limit of the 2N2907A medium power transistor), the use of a relay (Figure 14.10-1) would be required. In other applications it may be desirable to simply switch power to a device without going through a relay. Figure 14.
SECTION 14. INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE 14.11 MAINTENANCE The CR10 Wiring Panel and power supplies require a minimum of routine maintenance. When not in use, the PS12LA should be stored in a cool, dry environment with the AC charging circuit activated. The PS12ALK alkaline supply should not drop below 9.6 V before replacement. When not in use, remove the eight cells to eliminate potential corrosion of contact points and store in a cool dry place.
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APPENDIX A. GLOSSARY ASCII: Abbreviation for American Standard Code for Information Interchange (pronounced "askee"). A specific binary code of 128 characters represented by 7 bit binary numbers. ASYNCHRONOUS: The transmission of data between a transmitting and a receiving device occurs as a series of zeros and ones. For the data to be "read" correctly, the receiving device must begin reading at the proper point in the series.
APPENDIX A. GLOSSARY normally remains constant, to be incremented with each repetition. INPUT STORAGE: That portion of memory allocated for the storage of results of Input and Processing Instructions. The values in Input Storage can be displayed and altered in the *6 Mode. INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS: Used to initiate measurements and store the results in Input Storage or to set or read Control/Logic Ports.
APPENDIX A. GLOSSARY and computers in a terminal mode fall in this category.
APPENDIX A. GLOSSARY PRINT PERIPHERAL: See Print Device. PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS: These Instructions allow the user to further process input data values and return the result to Input Storage where it can be accessed for output processing. Arithmetic and transcendental functions are included in these Instructions. PROGRAM CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS: Used to modify the sequence of execution of Instructions contained in Program Tables; also used to set or clear flags.
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APPENDIX B. CR10 PROM SIGNATURE AND OPTIONAL SOFTWARE B.1 PROM SIGNATURE AND VERSION The CR10 PROM signature is viewed by entering the *B Mode and advancing to window 2 (Section 1.6). The version number is in window 6 and the revision number in window 7. The signatures of current standard PROMs are listed in Table B-1. If the CR10 has a Library Option PROM, the signature is listed on the calibration sheet shipped with the datalogger.
APPENDIX B. CR10 PROM SIGNATURE AND OPTIONAL SOFTWARE CR10 PROM contains one of the following options then detailed information on the special option(s) will be placed in Appendix H. 13,14 ADD R, S, & B THERMOCOUPLE LINEARIZATIONS In addition to the linearizations for the T, E, J, and K thermocouples, Instructions 13 and 14 have the R, S, and B thermocouple linearizations.
APPENDIX C. BINARY TELECOMMUNICATIONS C.1 TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMMAND WITH BINARY RESPONSES Command Description [no. of loc.]F BINARY DUMP - CR10 sends, in Final Storage Format (binary, the number of Final Storage locations specified (from current MPTR locations), then Signature (no prompt). DATALOGGER J AND K COMMANDS 3142J The 3142J command is used to toggle datalogger user flags, request final storage data, and to establish the input locations returned by the K command.
APPENDIX C. BINARY TELECOMMUNICATIONS User Enters K CR Datalogger Echo K CR LF Time Minutes byte 1 Time Minutes byte 2 Time Tenths byte 1 Time Tenths byte 2 Flags byte Ports byte (if requested) Data1 byte 1 Data1 byte 2 Data1 byte 3 Data1 byte 4 Data2 byte 1 Data2 byte 2 Data2 byte 3 Data2 byte 4 DataN byte 1 DataN byte 2 DataN byte 3 DataN byte 4 Final Storage Data bytes 01111111 binary byte 00000000 binary byte Signature byte 1 Signature byte 2 Time Minutes byte 1 is most significant.
APPENDIX C. BINARY TELECOMMUNICATIONS Data byte 1 = BF HEX. The exponent is found by subtracting 40 HEX from the remaining least significant bits. Converting the binary to hexadecimal, 1000100 BINARY = 44 HEX (or 68 decimal). Data byte 2 to 4 = 82 0C 49 HEX (or 8522825 decimal). 44 - 40 HEX = 4 HEX. Or in decimal: 68 - 64 = 4. Data byte 1 is converted to binary to find the Sign. BF HEX = 10111111 BINARY. Exponent is 4 decimal. As an example of a negative value, the datalogger returns BF 82 0C 49 HEX.
APPENDIX C. BINARY TELECOMMUNICATIONS Representing the bits in the first byte of each two byte pair as ABCD EFGH (A is the most significant bit, MSB), the byte pairs are described here. The decimal locators can be viewed as a negative base 10 exponent with decimal locations as follows: LO RESOLUTION FORMAT - D,E,F, NOT ALL ONES Bits Description A B, C D-H plus second Polarity, 0 = +, 1 = -. Decimal locators as defined below. 13 bit binary value (D=MSB).
APPENDIX C. BINARY TELECOMMUNICATIONS CSI defines the largest allowable range of a high resolution number to be 99999. Interpretation of the decimal locator for a 4 byte data value is given below. The decimal equivalent of bits GH is the negative exponent to the base 10. BITS GHA DECIMAL FORMAT 5 digits 000 001 010 011 100 101 XXXXX. XXXX.X XXX.XX XX.XXX X.XXXX .XXXXX C.3 GENERATION OF SIGNATURE At the end of a binary transmission, a signature is sent.
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APPENDIX D.
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APPENDIX E. ASCII TABLE American Standard Code for Information Interchange Decimal Values and Characters (X3.4-1968) Dec. Char.
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APPENDIX G. CHANGING RAM OR PROM CHIPS The CR10 has two sockets for Random Access Memory (RAM) and one socket for Programmable Read Only Memory (PROM). The standard CR10 has 64K of RAM, (a 32K RAM chip in each socket). Earlier CR10s had 16K of RAM (an 8K RAM chip in each socket). G.1 DISASSEMBLING THE CR10 The sockets provided for RAM and PROM are located on the CR10 CPU circuit card inside the CR10 can.
APPENDIX G. CHANGING RAM OR PROM CHIPS FIGURE G-1.
APPENDIX G. CHANGING RAM OR PROM CHIPS FIGURE G-2.
APPENDIX G. CHANGING RAM OR PROM CHIPS FIGURE G-3.
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LIST OF TABLES PAGE OVERVIEW OV4.1-1 * Mode Summary .............................................................................................................. OV-10 OV4.2-1 Key Definition/Editing Functions ..................................................................................... OV-10 OV4.2-2 Additional Keys Allowed In Telecommunications ........................................................... OV-11 OV6.1-1 Data Retrieval Methods and Related Instructions ................................
LIST OF TABLES PAGE 5. TELECOMMUNICATIONS 5.1-1 6. Telecommunications Commands .......................................................................................... 5-3 9 PIN SERIAL INPUT/OUTPUT 6.1-1 6.6-1 6.7-1 6.7-2 7. Pin Description ....................................................................................................................... 6-1 SD Addresses ........................................................................................................................
LIST OF TABLES PAGE 14. INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE 14.2-1 14.3-1 14.3-2 Typical Current Drain for Common CR10 Peripherals ........................................................ 14-1 Typical Alkaline Battery Service and Temperature.............................................................. 14-3 PS12LA Battery and AC Transformer Specifications .......................................................... 14-4 APPENDIX B. CR10 PROM SIGNATURE AND OPTIONAL SOFTWARE B-1 B-2 CR10 PROM Signature...........
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LIST OF FIGURES PAGE OVERVIEW OV1.1-1 OV1.1-2 OV2.1-1 OV2.3-1 OV6.1-1 2. INTERNAL DATA STORAGE 2.1-1 2.1-2 3. Ring Memory Representation of Final Data Storage............................................................. 2-1 Output Array ID ...................................................................................................................... 2-2 INSTRUCTION SET BASICS 3.8-1 3.8-2 3.8-3 4. If Then/Else Execution Sequence................................................................
LIST OF FIGURES PAGE 8. PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES 8.3-1 8.5-1 9. AM416 Wiring Diagram for Thermocouple and Soil Moisture Block Measurements ............ 8-4 Connections for Rain Gage.................................................................................................... 8-6 INPUT/OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS 9-1 Conditioning for Long Duration Voltage Pulses..................................................................... 9-2 13. CR10 MEASUREMENTS 13.1-1 13.2-1 13.2-2 13.
CR10 INDEX * Modes, See Modes 1/X - [Instruction 42] 10-2 107 Thermistor Probe - [Instruction 11] 9-5 Programming examples 7-3 CR10TCR Thermocouple Reference 7-3 12V terminals OV-3, OV-4 100 ohm PRT 3 wire half bridge 7-8 4 wire half bridge 7-6 4 wire full bridge 7-9 207 Relative Humidity Probe - [Instruction 12] 9-6 Programming example 7-4 227 Gypsum Soil Moisture Block 7-13 3 Wire Half Bridge - [Instruction 7] 9-4, 13-18, 13-19, 13-20 Example 7-8 4 Wire Full Bridge - [Instruction 6] 9-4, 13-18, 13-19, 13-
CR10 INDEX Effect of lead length on signal settling time 13-3 Tipping bucket rain gage with long leads 7-6 Calibration - [Instruction 24] 9-12 Process 13-22 Cassette recorder 4-4 Cautionary notes vii CD16, see SDM-CD16 Control Port Expansion Module Channels Differential analog OV-3, 13-2 Single-ended analog OV-3, 13-2 Checksum 5-2 Clock Example of setting OV-17 Set/display time (*5 Mode) 1-2 CM6/CM10 Tripods grounding protection 14-6 Common mode range 13-3, 14-7 Communicating with the CR10 OV-8 Via telemet
CR10 INDEX DSP 2-1 DSR (Data Set Ready) 6-6 DTE (Data Terminal Equipment) pin configuration 6-6 Duplex, Definition 6-7 E Earth Ground OV-4, 14-6 Editing datalogger programs OV-15 Editor errors 3-8 EDLOG OV-12, 5-4 ELSE - [Instruction 94] 12-6 Programming example 8-6 Enclosures, Environmental 14-1 END - [Instruction 95] 12-6 Error codes 3-8 Overranging vi, 3-2 Overrun occurrences 1-1 Examples, programming OV-12 Ex-Del-Diff - [Instruction 8] 9-4 Ex-Del-SE - [Instruction 4] 9-3 Excit-Del - [Instruction 22] 9
CR10 INDEX If X Compared to Y - [Instruction 88] 12-4 Increment Input Location - [Instruction 32] 10-1 Indexed Input Location, Definition A-1 Indexing Input Locations and ports 3-1, A-1 Indirect Indexed Move - [Instruction 61] 10-6 Initiate Telecommunications [Instruction 97] 12-7 Input Locations Indexing 3-1 Input Storage Altering 1-3 Changing size of 1-5 Data format 2-3, C-2 Definition OV-5, A-2 Input/Output Instructions 9-1 Definition OV-7, A-2 Memory and execution times 3-7 Programming examples 7-1 Vol
CR10 INDEX *2, Program Table 2 1-1 *3, Program Table 3 1-1 *5 - Set/Display Clock 1-2 *6 - Display/Alter Memory and Ports 1-3 *7 - Display Stored Data on Keyboard/Display 2-3 *8 Manually initiated Data Output 4-3 Interrupts during 6-3 Output device codes for 4-2 *9 Commands to Storage Module 4-8 *A Internal Memory Allocation 1-5 *B Memory Test and System Status 1-6 *C Security 1-7 *D, Save/Load Program 1-7 Errors 3-9 Modem/terminal A-2 Computer requirements 6-5 Definition A-2 Peripherals 6-2 Modem Enable l
CR10 INDEX Output formats 4-6 Save/Load programs (*D Mode) 1-9 Printer Pointer (PPTR) 2-2 Processing Instructions 10-1 Definition OV-6, A-3 Memory and execution times 3-7 Program Control Flags 3-3 Program Control Instructions 12-1 Command code parameter 3-4 Definition OV-4, A-3 Logical constructions 3-4 Memory and execution times 3-8 Programming examples 7-1, 8-1 Program memory Definition OV-5, 1-5 Signature 1-6 Program Tables Compiling 1-2 Definition 1-1, A-3 Example of entering program OV-13 Exceeding ex
CR10 INDEX SC90 Serial Line Monitor 4-7 SC92/93 for writing to tape, Don't use 4-4 SC92A/93A 4-4 Scaling Array with Multiplier & Offset [Instruction 53] 10-4 Programming example 8-7 SDC99 Synchronous Device Interface 6-3 SDM-A04 4 Channel Analog Output Module [Instruction 103] 9-15 Current drain, Typical 14-1 Programming example 8-7 SDM-CD16 Control Port Expansion Module [Instruction 104] 9-15 Current drain, Typical 14-1 SDM-INT8 8 Channel Interval Timer [Instruction 101] 9-14 Current drain, Typical 14-1 S
CR10 INDEX Tape Pointer (TPTR) 2-2 Tape recorder Connecting to CR10 4-4 Data format for 4-5 Dump data (*8 Mode) 4-3 Interrupts during transfer 6-3 Manually initiated data transfer (*8 Mode) 4-3 On-line data transfer (Instruction 96) 4-1 TPTR (Tape Pointer) 2-2 Tapes, Recommended 4-4 Telecommunication 5-1 Automatic setting of baud rate 5-1 Automatic time-out from 5-2 Commands 5-3 Key definitions OV-10 Password 5-4 Remote keyboard OV-9, 5-4 Telecommunication states 5-4 with Binary responses C-1 Telecommunica
CR10 INDEX Y YSI 44032 Thermistor source resistance and signal levels 13-10, 13-11 Z Z = 1/X - [Instruction 42] 10-2 Z = ABS(X) - [Instruction 43] 10-3 Z = EXP(X) - [Instruction 41] 10-2 Z = F - [Instruction 30] 10-1 Z = FRAC(X) - [Instruction 44] 10-3 Z = INT(X) - [Instruction 45] 10-3 Z = LN(X) - [Instruction 40] 10-2 Z = SIN(X) - [Instruction 48] 10-3 Z = X - [Instruction 31] 10-1 Z = X * F - [Instruction 37] 10-2 Z = X + F - [Instruction 34] 10-1 Z = X * Y - [Instruction 36] 10-2 Z = X + Y - [Instruct
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