Insert This Direction f Pocket Reference Guide Model 4320 ADVANCED FEET-INCH-FRACTION CALCULATOR ™ ➡ ➡ HEAVYCALC CONSTRUCTION MASTER ® This equipment has been certified to comply with the limits for a Class B computing device, pursuant to Subpart J of Part 15 of FCC rules. Software copyrighted and licensed to Calculated Industries, Inc. by Construction Master Technologies, LLC, 2004. Pocket Reference Guide copyrighted by Calculated Industries, Inc. © 2004.
4320PRG-E-A 6/16/04 7:53 AM Page 1 HEAVYCALC™ Designed for today’s excavation and heavy construction professional, the Construction Master® HeavyCalc adds even more power to the Construction Master line-up.
4320PRG-E-A 6/16/04 7:53 AM Page 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS GETTING STARTED ...............................3 Key Definitions.....................................3 Fractional Settings .............................11 Entering Dimensions .........................12 Conversions.......................................13 Basic Math Operations ......................15 Percentage Calculations....................17 Memory Operation.............................18 Paperless Tape ..................................
320PRG-E-A 6/16/04 7:53 AM Page 3 GETTING STARTED KEY DEFINITIONS Basic Function Keys +–x ÷= Arithmetic operation keys. % Percent Key — Four-function (+, –, x, ÷) percent key. 0–9 and • Keys used for entering numbers. O Off Key — Turns all power off, clearing all non-permanent registers. o On/Clear Key — Turns on power. Pressing once clears the display. Pressing twice clears all temporary values.
4320PRG-E-A Çc µ ǵ ® ®® Ç® 6/16/04 7:53 AM Page 4 Square Root — Used to find the Square Root of a non-dimensional or area value. Memory Add Key — Adds the displayed number to the value stored within the semi-permanent Memory. Memory Minus — Subtracts the displayed value from Memory. Recall Key — Recalls values stored in any register. ® µ displays the value in Memory. Memory Display/Clear — Displays the value in Memory and clears the register.
4320PRG-E-A 6/16/04 7:53 AM Page 5 f Feet Key — Enters or converts to Feet as whole or Decimal numbers. Also used with the i and / keys for entering Feet-Inch values (e.g., 6 f 9 i 1 / 2). Repeated presses during conversions toggle between Decimal Feet and Feet-Inch-Fractions. i Inch Key — Enters or converts to Inches. Entry can be whole or Decimal numbers. Also used with the / key for entering Fractional Inch values (e.g., 9 i 1 / 2).
4320PRG-E-A 6/16/04 7:53 AM Page 6 C Cubic Key — This key is used with a dimension key (Feet, Inches, Yards, Meters, etc.) to identify a value as being a volume. Example: 5 C y S Square Key — This key is used with a dimension key (Feet, Inches, Yards, Meters, etc.) to identify a value as being an area. Example: 1 0 S f m Meter Key — Enters or converts to Meters. M Millimeter Key — Enters or converts to Millimeters. w Weight Key — Enters or converts (a volume value) to Tons, Pounds or Kilograms.
4320PRG-E-A 6/16/04 7:53 AM Page 7 Area/Volume Keys l Length Key — Enters the value for Length in dimension problems (e.g., for calculating Area or Volume). Note: this key is also used to enter the length for “SquareUps.” Çl Square-Up — Calculates the Diagonal, or “SquareUp,” based on entered Length and Width. W Width Key — Enters the value for Width in dimension problems (e.g., calculating Area or Volume). Note: this key is also used to enter the width for “Square-Ups.
4320PRG-E-A 6/16/04 7:53 AM Page 8 Çd Slope — Used to enter Slope as a ratio of Run per Unit Rise (e.g., 4:1), or in Decimal Degrees (e.g., 10°). Also calculates Slope using entered value for Width and Depth or Percent Grade. v Volume Key — Computes the Volume (Length x Width x Depth) in Cubic Yards based on entered Length, Width and Height values. A second press will display the area (in Square Feet) based on entered Length and Width.
4320PRG-E-A 6/16/04 7:53 AM Page 9 e Existing Key — Used to enter or calculate an existing benchmark, Grade or value. p Proposed Key — Used to enter or calculate a proposed benchmark, Grade or value. Bank Volume Key — Enters or calculates the volume for bank fill material. Bank fill is material in an untouched, pristine state. Compacted Volume Key — Enters or calculates the volume for compacted fill material. Compacted fill is material that has been compacted.
4320PRG-E-A 6/16/04 7:53 AM Page 10 Additional Functions Ç÷ Reciprocal — 1/x function. Çx All Clear (AC) — Clears all values, including Memory. Resets all permanent settings to defaults. Ç+ Pi (π) — Constant = 3.141593. Ç– Positive/Negative Toggle (+/–) — Toggles the sign of the displayed value between positive and negative. ®= Paperless Tape — Accesses the paperless tape mode. ®x Imperial/Metric Mode — Selects either Imperial or Metric defaults for weight.
4320PRG-E-A 6/16/04 7:53 AM Page 11 FRACTIONAL SETTINGS Setting Fractional Accuracy When your calculator is in a default condition (battery change or full reset), it is set to round fractional values to the nearest 1/16th of an Inch.
4320PRG-E-A 6/16/04 7:53 AM Page 12 Fixed Fractional Mode In the Fixed Mode (Ç 9), fractional results are displayed in the set fractional value, not reduced. Entries of higher accuracy values will be rounded to the nearest Fraction of the accuracy setting (for example, for a Fraction level setting of 1/16, an entry of 5 / 3 2 = will result in a display of 3/16).
4320PRG-E-A 6/16/04 7:53 AM Page 13 Square and Cubic Dimensions Examples of how Square and Cubic dimensions are entered: DIMENSION KEYSTROKES 5 Cubic Yards 5Cy 130 Square Feet 1 3 0 S f 33 Square Meters 3 3 S m CONVERSIONS Linear Conversions Convert 14 Feet to other dimensions: KEYSTROKE 1 4 f... Çy f* f i M m DISPLAY 4.666667 YD 14 FEET 0 INCH 14. FEET 168. INCH 4267.2 MM 4.2672 M Square Conversions Convert 14 Square Feet to other Square dimensions: KEYSTROKE 1 4 S f...
4320PRG-E-A 6/16/04 7:53 AM Page 14 Cubic Conversions Convert 14 Cubic Feet to other Cubic dimensions: KEYSTROKE 1 4 C f... Çi y m M* DISPLAY 24192. CU INCH 0.518519 CU YD 0.396436 CU M 0.396436 CU M * The calculator’s Auto-Range function forced the answer to be in Meters, as it is out of the calculator’s normal seven-digit range (see AutoRange on page 43). Weight Conversions Convert 25 Tons to other weights: KEYSTROKE 2 5 w... Çw w w DISPLAY 50000. LB 22679.62 kG 25.
4320PRG-E-A 6/16/04 7:53 AM Page 15 (Cont’d) Find the weight of 15 Cubic Yards at 1.75 Tons per Cubic Yard, then convert to other weights: KEYSTROKE DISPLAY 1•75Ç% 1 5 C y... Çw w w w 1.75 Ton per CU YD 26.25 Ton 52500. LB 23813.61 kG 26.25 Ton BASIC MATH OPERATIONS Your calculator uses standard chaining logic, which simply means that you enter your first value, the operator (+, –, x, ÷), the second value and then the Equal sign (=). A. B. C. D. 3 3 3 3 + – x ÷ 2 2 2 2 = = = = 5 1 6 1.
4320PRG-E-A 6/16/04 7:53 AM Page 16 (Cont’d) Adding Dimensions Add 11 Inches to 2 Feet 1 Inch: KEYSTROKE DISPLAY 11i+2f1i= *36 INCH * The format of the first value entered determines the answer format. Ç can be used to change to any format desired, provided convention is maintained.
4320PRG-E-A 6/16/04 7:53 AM Page 17 PERCENTAGE CALCULATIONS The Percent key (%) can be used for finding a given percent of a number or for working add-on, discount or division percentage calculations. It can be used with any type of number, in any dimension (Feet, Inch, Millimeter, etc.) and any type of convention (non-dimensioned, Linear, Square or Cubic).
4320PRG-E-A 6/16/04 7:53 AM Page 18 MEMORY OPERATION Whenever the µ key is pressed, the displayed value will be added to the Memory. Other Memory functions: FUNCTION KEYSTROKES Add to Memory Subtract from Memory Recall total in Memory Display/Clear Memory Clear Memory Replace Memory µ ǵ ®µ ®® Ç® Ç®µ Memory is semi-permanent, clearing only when you: 1) Turn off the calculator; 2) Press ® ®; 3) Press Ç ®; 4) Press Ç x (all clear). Examples: KEYSTROKE DISPLAY 355µ 355. M 255µ 255. M 745ǵ 745.
4320PRG-E-A 6/16/04 7:53 AM Page 19 Averaging The Memory Key (µ) is also capable of displaying the average and totals as well as the number (count) of values entered. This is achieved by repeated presses of µ after recalling the stored total value in Memory. Example: KEYSTROKE 1µ 2µ 3µ 4µ 5µ ®µ µ µ ®® DISPLAY 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 15. AVG 3. CNT 5. POCKET REFERENCE GUIDE — 19 M M M M M M M M 15.
4320PRG-E-A 6/16/04 7:53 AM Page 20 PAPERLESS TAPE The Paperless Tape allows the user to display and review the last 20 entries of a calculation. ® = accesses the Tape function and + or – scrolls forward or backward through the entries. While working with the Paperless Tape function, the display will show the entered or calculated value, along with the sequence number of entry (e.g., 01, 02, 03, etc.) and the math operator (+, –, x, ÷, %) in the upper left corner of the display.
4320PRG-E-A 6/16/04 7:53 AM Page 21 Previewing Paperless Tape KEYSTROKE DISPLAY 1. Enter a string of numbers: 4f+ 4 FEET 0 INCH 5f+ 9 FEET 0 INCH 6f+ 15 FEET 0 INCH 7f= 22 FEET 0 INCH 2. Access the Tape function: ®= TTL= 22 FEET 0 INCH 3. Scroll from first value to total: + 01 4 FEET 0 INCH + 02+ 5 FEET 0 INCH + 03+ 6 FEET 0 INCH + 04+ 7 FEET 0 INCH + TTL= 22 FEET 0 INCH 4. Scroll to last two values: – 04+ 7 FEET 0 INCH – 03+ 6 FEET 0 INCH 5.
4320PRG-E-A 6/16/04 7:53 AM Page 22 USING THE HEAVYCALC LINEAR DIVISION Spacing Calculation You have a 78 Feet 6 Inch length of wall which you want to divide into five equal spaces for office partitioning. What is the Length of each section? KEYSTROKE DISPLAY 1. Clear calculator: oo 2. Enter overall Length: 78f6i 0. 78 6 FEET INCH 3. Divide by number of equal spaces: ÷5= 15 FEET 8-3/8 INCH 4. Convert to Decimal Feet then Decimal Inches: Çf 15.7 FEET Çi 188.
4320PRG-E-A 6/16/04 7:53 AM Page 23 (Cont’d) KEYSTROKE DISPLAY 1. Clear calculator: oo 0. 2. Add sides to find Perimeter: 32f+ 32 FEET 0 INCH 25f5i1/2+ 57 FEET 5-1/2 INCH 19f+ 76 FEET 5-1/2 INCH 5f6i1/2+ 82 FEET 0 INCH 13f+ 95 FEET 0 INCH 31f= 126 FEET 0 INCH AREA CALCULATIONS Area of a Rectangle What is the area of a room measuring 12 Feet 6 Inches by 15 Feet 8 Inches? KEYSTROKE DISPLAY 1. Clear calculator: oo 0. 2.
4320PRG-E-A 6/16/04 7:53 AM Page 24 VOLUME CALCULATIONS Simple Concrete Volume You need to calculate the Cubic Yards of concrete required for pouring a driveway. The measurements are as follows: 36 Feet 3 Inches by 11 Feet 6 Inches by 4 Inches deep. What’s the Volume of the driveway? If concrete costs $47 per Cubic Yard, how much will the concrete cost? KEYSTROKE DISPLAY 1. Clear calculator: oo 0. 2. Enter Length, Width and Depth, then find Volume in Cubic Yards: 36f3il 11f6iW 4id v VOL 5.
4320PRG-E-A 6/16/04 7:53 AM Page 25 Topsoil Volume You are measuring a building perimeter for calculating topsoil excavation. If the building measurements are 45 Feet by 23 Feet, and the depth of topsoil to be removed is 8 Inches, what is the building area and volume of topsoil to be removed? KEYSTROKE DISPLAY 1. Clear calculator: oo 0. 2. Enter Length and Width of building: 4 5 f l LNTH 45 FEET 0 INCH 2 3 f W WDTH 23 FEET 0 INCH 3. Find building Area: Çv AREA 1035 SQ FEET 4.
4320PRG-E-A 6/16/04 7:53 AM Page 26 Complex Concrete Volume You’re going to pour an odd-shaped patio 4-1/2 Inches deep with the dimensions as shown. First, calculate the total area (by dividing the drawing into three individual rectangles) and then determine the total Cubic Yards of concrete required for this job.
4320PRG-E-A 6/16/04 7:53 AM Page 27 (Cont’d) KEYSTROKE DISPLAY 1. Clear calculator: oo 0. 2. Find area “A” and add to Memory: 38f2i 38 FEET 2 INCH –4f2i=l LNTH 34 FEET 0 INCH 2 7 f W WDTH 27 FEET 0 INCH Çv AREA 918. SQ FEET µ 918. SQ FEET M 3. Find area “B” and add to Memory: 4f2il LNTH 4 FEET 2 INCH 8f6iW WDTH 8 FEET 6 INCH Ç v AREA 35.41667 SQ FEET µ 35.41667 SQ FEET 4. Find area “C” and add to Memory: 9fl LNTH 9 FEET 0 INCH 9f6iW WDTH 9 FEET 6 INCH Çv AREA 85.5 SQ FEET µ 85.
4320PRG-E-A 6/16/04 7:53 AM Page 28 Trench Volume You’re digging a trench that is 345 Feet long, 24 Inches wide and 6 Feet deep. Find the Volume of soil removed. KEYSTROKE DISPLAY 1. Clear calculator: oo 0. 2. Enter Length, Width and Depth of trench: 345fl LNTH 345 FEET 0 INCH 24iW WDTH 24 INCH 6fd DPTH 6 FEET 0 INCH 3. Find removed dirt Volume: v VOL 153.
4320PRG-E-A 6/16/04 7:53 AM Page 29 RIGHT TRIANGLE PROBLEMS The calculator’s top row of keys provides built-in solutions to Square-Up, Drop, Percent Grade and Slope problems. Square-up is calculated from the values entered as length and width and is the diagonal length in a Right Triangle. Dgm-RTP-108 Slope and Percent Grade are calculated using the values for width and depth, or drop. Slope can be entered as either a ratio of Run per Unit Rise, or as a Decimal Degree.
4320PRG-E-A 6/16/04 7:53 AM Page 30 Squaring a Concrete Slab Assume you want to “Square-Up” the forms for a concrete foundation measuring 45 Feet 6 Inches by 24 Feet 4 Inches. To square the forms, find the Square-Up (Diagonal) length. If the slab is 4 Inches thick, find the Area and Volume. 24’ 4” re- ua Dgm-SUD-105A Sq l) na go Dia ( Up 45’ 6” KEYSTROKE DISPLAY 1. Clear calculator: oo 0. 2.
4320PRG-E-A 6/16/04 7:53 AM Page 31 Finding Lot Width What is the width of a lot that has a 5 Degree Slope and a total Drop of 2 Feet? KEYSTROKE DISPLAY 1. Clear calculator: oo 0. 2. Enter Slope and Drop: 5Ç0Çd SLP 5° 2fd DPTH 2 FEET 0 INCH 3. Solve for Width: W WDTH 22 FEET 10-5/16 INCH Note: Slope and % Grade work with Width and Depth, not Length.
4320PRG-E-A 6/16/04 7:53 AM Page 32 Finding Drop or Fall What is the total Drop over 25 Feet for a 4:1 Slope? For a 5 Degree Slope? For a 5% Grade? KEYSTROKE DISPLAY 1. Clear calculator: oo 0. Solve Drop Using Slope ratio 2. Enter 4:1 Slope and Width: 4Çd SLP 4. 2 5 f W WDTH 25 FEET 0 INCH 3. Solve for Drop: d DPTH 6 FEET 3 INCH Solve Drop Using Slope degree 4. Enter 5° Slope: 5Ç0Çd SLP 5° 5. Solve for Drop: od DPTH 2 FEET 2-1/4 INCH Solve Drop Using Percent Grade 6.
4320PRG-E-A 6/16/04 7:53 AM Page 33 Finding Slope Ratio/Percent Grade What is the Slope Ratio and Percent Grade of a lot that drops 3 Feet 6 Inches over 20 Feet? KEYSTROKE DISPLAY 1. Clear calculator: oo 0. Solve for degree of Slope 2. Enter Drop (as Depth): 3f6id DPTH 3 FEET 6 INCH 3. Enter Distance (Width): 2 0 f W WDTH 20 FEET 0 INCH 4. Find Degree of Slope: Çd SLP 9.926246° Solve for Slope ratio 5. Find Slope Ratio: d SLP 5.714286 Solve for Percent Grade 6. Find Percent Grade: ÇW %GRD 17.
4320PRG-E-A 6/16/04 7:53 AM Page 34 BASIC CUT / FILL SOLUTIONS Finding Cut or Fill — Exercise 1 Find the cut/fill marks or changes of elevations for a lot with a proposed elevation of 4.0 Feet and existing elevations of 3.0 Feet, 4.5 Feet and 6.0 Feet. KEYSTROKE DISPLAY 1. Clear calculator: oo 0. Solve for First Cut/Fill mark 2. Enter proposed elevation: 4fp PROP 4 FEET 0 INCH 3. Enter first existing elevation: 3fe EXST 3 FEET 0 INCH 4.
4320PRG-E-A 6/16/04 7:53 AM Page 35 Finding Cut or Fill — Exercise 2 Find the cut/fill marks for a lot that has a proposed elevation of 15.5 Feet, and the following existing elevations: 17.3 Feet, 20.7 Feet, 25.5 Feet and 11.8 Feet. KEYSTROKE DISPLAY 1. Clear calculator: oo 0. Solve for First Cut/Fill mark 2. Enter proposed elevation: 1 5 • 5 f p PROP 15.5 FEET 3. Enter first existing elevation: 1 7 • 3 f e EXST 17.3 FEET 4. Find First Cut/Fill: F CUT – 1.8 FEET Solve for Second Cut/Fill mark 5.
4320PRG-E-A 6/16/04 7:53 AM Page 36 Cubic Yards of Cut/Fill — Grid Cell Method The four corner elevations of a Grid cell are 75.4 Feet, 77.5 Feet, 74.6 Feet, and 80.5 Feet. If the proposed elevation is 83 Feet, and the Area of the Grid is 2,000 Square Feet, what is the Volume (in Cubic Yards) of cut or fill required for this Grid cell? KEYSTROKE DISPLAY 1. Clear calculator: oo 0. Find average Existing Grid Elevation 2. Enter first through fourth elevation (in Memory): 75•4fµ 75.4 FEET M 77•5fµ 77.
4320PRG-E-A 6/16/04 7:53 AM Page 37 (Cont’d) KEYSTROKE DISPLAY 6. Enter proposed elevation: 83fp PROP 83 FEET 0 INCH 7. Find Cut or Fill: F FILL 6 FEET 0 INCH M M Solve for Grid Volume 8. Enter Grid Area and find Volume: x2000Sf= 12000 CU FEET 9. Convert to Cubic Yards: Çy 444.
4320PRG-E-A 6/16/04 7:53 AM Page 38 SHRINK and SWELL SOLUTIONS — MATERIAL VOLUME The HeavyCalc is able to convert among Bank Fill, Compacted Fill and Loose (or trucked) Fill soil Cubic Yard Volumes. Once values for %-Shrink and %-Swell are entered, converting among these volumes is done with the press of a single key. Entered values for Percent Shrink and Percent Swell will remain in Memory until they are revised or reset by using Ç x.
4320PRG-E-A 6/16/04 7:53 AM Page 39 Finding Loose Volume How much dry gravel will be trucked out of a hole to be dug that measures 10 Feet long by 35 Feet wide by 15 Feet deep? Assume dry gravel has a swell factor of 15%. KEYSTROKE DISPLAY 1. Clear calculator: oo 0. Solve Bank Fill Volume 2. Enter Length, Width and Depth: 1 0 f l LNTH 10 FEET 0 INCH 3 5 f W WDTH 35 FEET 0 INCH 1 5 f d DPTH 15 FEET 0 INCH 3. Solve for Volume: v VOL 194.4444 CU YD 4. Enter as Bank Volume: =b BANK 194.
4320PRG-E-A 6/16/04 7:53 AM Page 40 Finding Trucked Volume / Weight — Both Swell and Shrink Factors You need to move wet sand from one location to another that requires a 4-Inch fully compacted fill under a 125 Feet long by 75 Feet wide slab. What is the trucked (loose fill) Volume? Assume a Swell Factor of 5% and a Shrink Factor of 10%. What is the total weight of the sand if it weighs 1.55 Tons per Cubic Yard? KEYSTROKE DISPLAY 1. Clear calculator: oo 0. 2. Enter Shrink/Swell Factors: 5ÇL %SWL 5.
4320PRG-E-A 6/16/04 7:53 AM Page 41 (Cont’d) KEYSTROKE DISPLAY 7. Recall Bank Volume: b BANK 128.6008 CU YD 8. Find Weight: w 199.3313 Ton 9. Reset calculator: Çx POCKET REFERENCE GUIDE — 41 0.
20PRG-E-A 6/16/04 7:53 AM Page 42 APPENDIX ACCURACY / ERRORS Accuracy/Display Capacity Your calculator has an eleven digit display. This is made up of seven digits (normal display) and four digits for the fraction. In a standard calculation, each calculation is carried out internally to ten digits and rounded to a seven-digit standard display. If the next undisplayed digit is five or more, the 5/4 rounding technique adds one to the least significant digit in the display.
4320PRG-E-A 6/16/04 7:53 AM Page 43 Auto-Range If an “overflow” occurs due to an input or calculation that use more digits than the display’s standard seven-digit range, the answer automatically displays in the next larger unit (instead of showing “Error”). i.e., 10,000,000 mm is greater than the sevendigit range; therefore, 10,000 m is displayed instead. This auto-ranging also applies to other dimensional units such as Inches to Feet, Feet to Yards, etc.
4320PRG-E-A 6/16/04 7:53 AM Page 44 BATTERY and AUTO SHUT-OFF Your calculator is powered by a single three-Volt Lithium CR-2016 battery. This should last approximately 800 hours of actual use (one year plus for most people). Should the display become very dim or erratic, replace the battery. WARNING: Please use caution when disposing of your old batteries as they contain hazardous chemicals. Your calculator is designed to shut itself off after about 8-12 minutes of non-use.
4320PRG-E-A 6/16/04 7:53 AM Dgm-AF-100 AREA FORMULAS POCKET REFERENCE GUIDE — 45 Page 45
4320PRG-E-A 6/16/04 7:53 AM Dgm-VF-101 SURFACE AREA and VOLUME FORMULAS POCKET REFERENCE GUIDE — 46 Page 46
4320PRG-E-A 6/16/04 7:53 AM Page 47 REPAIR AND RETURN WARRANTY, REPAIR and RETURN INFORMATION Return Guidelines 1. Please read the Warranty in this User’s Guide to determine if your Calculated Industries calculator, measuring device or electronic tool remains under warranty before calling or returning any device for evaluation or repairs. 2. If your calculator won’t turn on, try pressing the “Reset Button” first. If it still won't turn on, check the batteries as outlined in the User's Guide. 3.
4320PRG-E-A 6/16/04 7:53 AM Page 48 WARRANTY Warranty Repair Service – U.S.A. Calculated Industries (“CI”) warrants this product against defects in materials and workmanship for a period of one (1) year from the date of original consumer purchase in the U.S. If a defect exists during the warranty period, CI at its option will either repair (using new or remanufactured parts) or replace (with a new or remanufactured calculator) the product at no charge.
4320PRG-E-A 6/16/04 7:53 AM Page 49 Repair Service – Outside the U.S.A. To obtain warranty or non-warranty repair service for goods purchased outside the U.S., contact the dealer through which you initially purchased the product. If you cannot reasonably have the product repaired in your area, you may contact CI to obtain current product repair information and charges, including freight and duties.
4320PRG-E-A 6/16/04 7:53 AM Page 50 FCC Class B This equipment has been certified to comply with the limits for a Class B computing device, pursuant to Subpart J of Part 15 of FCC rules. Looking For New Ideas Calculated Industries, a leading manufacturer of specialfunction calculators and digital measuring instruments, is always looking for new product ideas in these areas. If you have an idea, or a suggestion for improving this product or User's Guide, please submit your comments online at www.
