FlowPoint™ DSL Router USER GUIDE
First Edition (April, 1998) Copyright FlowPoint provides this publication “as is” without warranty of any kind, either express or implied, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means without written permission from FlowPoint. Changes are periodically made to the information in this book. They will be incorporated in subsequent editions.
Software License Agreement and Warranties License Agreement This product contains certain Software (computer programs, firmware and media) the use of which are subject to this license agreement. If you do not agree with all the terms, you must return this product, all manuals and documentation, and proof of payments, to the place you obtained them for a full refund within 30 days of first acquiring this product.
Limited Warranty on Hardware FlowPoint warrants that Products delivered hereunder shall be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of one (1) year from the date of purchase. The liability of FlowPoint is limited to replacing or repairing, at Manufacturer’s option, any defective Products that are returned F.O.B. Manufacturer’s factory, California.
designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation.
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Table of Contents Introduction About The Router About This Book How This Book is Organized References Typographic Conventions 1 1 2 3 4 4 Chapter 1. Installing And Accessing Configuration Manager About Configuration Manager Hardware Installation Hardware And Software Prerequisites Install Configuration Manager Set your PC to Obtain an IP Address Install Configuration Manager on your PC Access Configuration Manager Instructions 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 8 Chapter 2.
IP and IPX Routing Controls Store the Configuration Verify the Router Configuration Disconnect from the Router 68 69 70 71 Chapter 4. Advanced Features And Management Tools Advanced Features Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Network Address Translation (NAT) Routing Information Protocol (RIP) Management Tools Terminal Window Upgrade/Backup Reboot From Network SNMP Options 73 73 73 77 78 80 80 82 84 85 Chapter 5. Router Feature Descriptions IEEE 802.
Chapter 6.
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Introduction About The Router This DSL router belongs to the FlowPoint Business DSL family which features a range of DSL solutions for the Corporate environment, the small office, and the single user. It provides high-speed digital access to the Internet and Corporate Intranets. The single-user version offers the same high-speed access benefits for telecommuters and home and remote office workers.
Following is a sample network configuration: About This Book This FlowPoint User Guide contains an introduction to the FlowPoint router and provides the steps and basic information needed to configure the router. Configuration of network connections, bridging, routing, and security features are also described. Note: Hardware installation instructions and hardware reference information are described in the Quick Start Guide.
How This Book is Organized This User Guide is intended to help you easily configure and use the FlowPoint Router. The guide is divided into six parts: Chapter 1, “Installing and Accessing Configuration Manager”, explains how to install and access Configuration Manager running under Microsoft Windows. Chapter 2, “Configuration”, contains configuration information and tables that review the steps needed to configure the router for each Link Protocol and Network Protocol combination.
References Command Line Interface Contains configuration and reference material for the Command Line Interface, advanced topics such as bridging and routing operations, PPP addressing, standard configurations for the PPP, RFC 1483, and RFC 1483MER Link Protocols, and a description of network management features. This manual is delivered on a DOS diskette as a Word for Windows 6.0 document and is supplied with the router.
Chapter 1. Installing And Accessing Configuration Manager This chapter describes how to install and access FlowPoint’s Configuration Manager running under Microsoft Windows. About Configuration Manager Configuration Manager is an easy-to-use, point-and-click graphical user interface (GUI) used to perform all the configurations described in this guide. It is a Windows-based application and can run under Windows for Workgroups, Windows 95, and Windows NT.
The Command Line Interface (CLI) requires a console or Telnet connection. Detailed information about installing and accessing the CLI is described in Appendix C, Command Line Interface (CLI). Hardware Installation This chapter assumes that you have already installed the router hardware as described in the Hardware Installation section of the accompanying Quick Start Guide. Please note that Hardware Reference information specific to your router model is also found in the Quick Start Guide.
Install Configuration Manager To access the FlowPoint Configuration Manager, you will first configure your PC to obtain an IP address automatically (DHCP) and then install Configuration Manager. Note: Windows 95 is assumed throughout this section. Set your PC to Obtain an IP Address This section assumes that you have already: • • connected the router’s cables. powered on the router. ◊ Instructions 1. Click the Start button on your PC desktop. 2. Click Settings, Control Panels, and Network. 3.
Install Configuration Manager on your PC This section assumes that you have already: • • • • connected the router’s cables. powered the router on. set your PC to obtain an IP address. rebooted your PC. ◊ Instructions The three diskettes included in the router box contain the Configuration Manager and Quick Start programs and an electronic copy of the Command Line Interface manual. 1. To install the Configuration Manager program, insert diskette #1 in drive A: (or B:) of your PC. 2.
Configuration Manager’s main menu will appear as shown below: You are now ready to start configuring your router. Refer to chapter 2 for configuration instructions and information.
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Chapter 2. Configuration This chapter contains configuration information, instructions, and tables for the three Link Protocols supported by the FlowPoint router. Configuration of network connections, bridging, routing, and security features are essentially the same for all DSL routers (ADSL, ATM, SDSL, etc.), unless otherwise noted. Two sample configurations are provided at the end of the chapter. The information needed to configure the router is contingent on the chosen Link Protocol.
Remote router entry Entry about a remote router in the target router database. A remote router entry defines: • Connection parameters • Security features • Route addressing and bridging functions The following diagram illustrates these key words and concepts.
Important Protocol Notes For best performance, we suggest that you use the PPP/IP protocol combination. Authentication should be disabled on both ends to avoid using passwords. The protocol combination RFC 1483/Bridging is the easiest to configure. DHCP should be disabled on one end of the connection to avoid conflicts. The protocol combination RFC 1483MER/IP allows the router to appear as a Bridge on the DSL link and as a router on the Ethernet.
Collect Your Configuration Information This section describes the configuration information for each Link Protocol/Network Protocol association. It is organized as follows: • PPP Link Protocol with IP, or IPX, or Bridging Network Protocol • RFC 1483 Link Protocol with IP, or IPX, or Bridging Network Protocol • RFC 1483MER Link Protocol with IP Network Protocol Instructions — Please read the following carefully: 1. Determine which Link Protocol/Network Protocol association you are using.
PPP Link Protocol If you are using the PPP Link Protocol, select the Network Protocol that applies to your situation: IP, or IPX, or Bridging. Collect the information described in the appropriate section. This data will be later used to configure your router using Configuration Manager (see Configuration Tables, starting on page 32). ◊ IP Routing Network Protocol System Names and Authentication Passwords • For the Target Router This information is defined by the user.
VPI and VCI Numbers The VPI/VCI numbers are preconfigured. Make sure that these numbers are right for your setup. If in doubt, check with your Network Service Provider. If you are connecting to multiple remote sites, you will need to obtain additional VPI and VCI numbers from your Network Service Provider. These numbers identify the remote destination and must, therefore, be unique for each remote. DNS Internet Account Information (optional) This information is obtained from the Network Service Provider.
• For the DSL WAN Interface This information is defined by the Network Service Provider. Source (Target/Local) WAN Port Address If Network Address Translation is enabled, you must specify a source WAN IP address for the WAN connection to the remote router if IP address negotiation under PPP does not provide one. Check with your system administrator for details on whether the router must communicate in numbered or unnumbered mode and what addresses are required.
Note: It is often helpful to draw a diagram including all locations, addresses, routes names, etc. This diagram shows the network information required for configuration of the target router. If you need to configure both ends of the WAN link, you will need to label all information for the network.
◊ IPX Routing Network Protocol System Names and Authentication Passwords • For the Target Router This information is defined by the user. You must choose a name and authentication password for the target router. They are used by a remote router to authenticate the target router. • For the Remote Site(s) This information is obtained from the Network Service Provider. For each remote site, you must have the site name and its authentication password.
IPX Routing Entries The following information is defined by and obtained from your Network Administrator. Note: IPX routes define a path to a specific destination. They are primarily needed by the routers to allow the servers and clients to exchange packets. A path to a file server will be based on the Internal Network Number of the server. A path to a client will be based on the External Network Number (Ethernet) of the client.
802.2 802.3 DIX Default recommended by Novell Other most common type For DEC, Intel, Xerox; this setting is also referred to as “Ethernet II”, and is rapidly becoming obsolete.
◊ Bridging Network Protocol System Names and Authentication Passwords • For the Target Router This information is defined by the user. You must choose a name and authentication password for the target router. They are used by a remote router to authenticate the target router. • For the Remote Site(s) This information is obtained from the Network Service Provider. For each remote site, you must have the site name and its authentication password.
DNS Internet Account Information (optional) This information is obtained from the Network Service Provider. Consult with your Network Service Provider to find out if you need to enter the following information: • DNS Server Address • DNS Second Server Address • DNS Domain Name Note: If you intend to connect to the Internet only, enter this information using the Internet Quick Start configurator.
RFC 1483 Link Protocol If you are using the RFC 1483 Link Protocol, select the Network Protocol that applies to your situation: IP, or IPX, or Bridging. Collect the information described in the appropriate section. This data will be later used to configure your router using Configuration Manager (see Configuration Tables, starting on page 32). ◊ IP Routing Network Protocol VPI and VCI Numbers The VPI/VCI numbers are preconfigured. Make sure that these numbers are right for your setup.
An Ethernet LAN IP address and subnet mask are required for the router’s local Ethernet LAN connection. TCP/IP Ethernet Routes You normally do not need to define an Ethernet IP route. An Ethernet IP route consists of an IP address, a mask, a metric, and a gateway. An Ethernet route is usually defined when there are multiple routers on the Ethernet which cannot exchange routing information between them. • For the DSL WAN Interface This information is obtained from the Network Administrator.
Note: It is often helpful to draw a diagram including all locations, addresses, router names, etc. The following diagram shows the network information required to configure only the target router’s side. If you need to configure both ends of the WAN link, you will want to label all information for the network.
◊ IPX Routing Network Protocol VPI and VCI Numbers The VPI/VCI numbers are preconfigured. Make sure that these numbers are right for your setup. If in doubt, check with your Network Service Provider. If you are connecting to multiple remote sites, you will need to obtain additional VPI and VCI numbers from your Network Service Provider. These numbers identify the remote destination and must, therefore, be unique for each remote.
• Frame type With local servers on your LAN, make sure to select the proper frame type for the IPX network number. To determine this, consult with your network administrator. When you have only NetWare clients on your LAN, leave the default (802.2) selected as most clients support any type. The frame type choices are: 802.2 802.3 DIX Default recommended by Novell Other most common type For DEC, Intel, Xerox; this setting is also referred to as “Ethernet II”, and is rapidly becoming obsolete.
◊ Bridging Network Protocol VPI and VCI Numbers The VPI/VCI numbers are preconfigured. Make sure that these numbers are right for your setup. If in doubt, check with your Network Service Provider. If you are connecting to multiple remote sites, you will need to obtain additional VPI and VCI numbers from your Network Service Provider. These numbers identify the remote destination and must, therefore, be unique for each remote.
RFC 1483MER Link Protocol The RFC 1483MER (MAC Encapsulated Routing) Link Protocol is only used in conjunction with the IP Network Protocol. With RFC 1483MER, IP packets are routed between the Ethernet interface and the WAN interface and then formatted so that they can be understood in a bridged environment. Collect the information described below. This data will be later used to configure your router using Configuration Manager (see Configuration Tables, starting on page 32).
IP Routing Entries • For the Ethernet Interface This information is defined by the user or the Network Administrator. Ethernet IP Address (Local LAN) An Ethernet LAN IP address and subnet mask are required for the router’s local Ethernet LAN connection. TCP/IP Ethernet Routes You normally do not need to define an Ethernet IP route. An Ethernet IP route consists of an IP address, a mask, a metric, and a gateway.
Configuration Tables The following tables give you step-by-step instructions for standard configurations of the following Network Protocols / Link Protocol associations: • PPP Link Protocol with IP Routing Network Protocol, p. 33 • PPP Link Protocol with IPX Routing Network Protocol, p. 34 • PPP Link Protocol with Bridging Network Protocol, p. 35 • RFC 1483 Link Protocol with IP Routing Network Protocol, p. 36 • RFC 1483 Link Protocol with IPX Routing Network Protocol, p.
Configuring PPP with IP Routing This table outlines a standard configuration for the PPP Link Protocol with the IP Routing Network Protocol. PPP with IP Routing STEP/BUTTON SETTINGS Connect System Settings CONFIGURATION REFERENCE Connect and Login, p. 53 System Name Required System Settings, p. 55 System Message Optional System Settings, p. 55 Authentication Password Required System Settings, p. 55 Ethernet IP Address As required System Settings, p.
Configuring PPP with IPX Routing This table outlines a standard configuration for the PPP Link Protocol with the IPX Routing Network Protocol. PPP with IPX Routing STEP/BUTTON SETTINGS Connect CONFIGURATION REFERENCE Connect and Login, p. 53 System Settings System Name Required System Settings, p. 55 System Message Optional System Settings, p. 55 Authentication Password Required System Settings, p. 55 Ethernet IP Address As required System Settings, p.
Configuring PPP with Bridging This table outlines a standard configuration for the PPP Link Protocol with the Bridging Network Protocol. PPP with Bridging STEP/BUTTON SETTINGS CONFIGURATION REFERENCE Connect Connect and Login, p. 53 System Settings System Name Required System Settings, p. 55 System Message Optional System Settings, p. 55 Authorization Password Required System Settings, p. 55 DHCP Settings Already enabled; System Settings, p. 55 and DHCP, p.
Configuring RFC 1483 with IP Routing This table outlines a standard configuration for the RFC 1483 Link Protocol with the IP Routing Network Protocol. RFC 1483 with IP Routing STEP/BUTTON SETTINGS Connect CONFIGURATION REFERENCE Connect and Login, p. 53 System Settings System Message Optional System Settings, p. 55 Ethernet IP Address As required System Settings, p. 55 DHCP Settings Already enabled; additional settings may be required System Settings, p. 55, and DHCP, p.
Configuring RFC 1483 with IPX Routing This table outlines a standard configuration for the RFC 1483 Link Protocol with the IPX Routing Network Protocol. RFC 1483 with IPX Routing STEP/BUTTON SETTINGS CONFIGURATION REFERENCE Connect Connect and Login, p. 53 System Settings System Message Optional System Settings, p. 55 Ethernet IP Address As required System Settings, p. 55 DHCP Settings Already enabled System Settings, p. 55, DHCP, p.
Configuring RFC 1483 with Bridging This table outlines a standard configuration for the RFC 1483 Link Protocol with the Bridging Network Protocol. RFC 1483 with Bridging STEP/BUTTON SETTINGS CONFIGURATION REFERENCE Connect Connect and Login, p. 53 System Settings System Message Optional System Settings, p. 55 DHCP Settings Already enabled; additional settings may be required System Settings, p. 55 DHCP, p. 73. Change Login Optional System Settings, p.
Configuring RFC 1483MER with IP Routing This table outlines a standard configuration for the RFC 1483MER (MAC Encapsulated Routing) Link Protocol with the IP Routing Network Protocol. RFC 1483MER with IP Routing STEP/BUTTON SETTINGS Connect CONFIGURATION REFERENCE Connect and Login, p. 53 System Settings System Message Optional System Settings, p. 55 Ethernet IP Address As required System Settings, p. 55 DHCP Settings Already enabled; additional settings may be required System Settings, p.
Mixed Network Protocols Configuration Several Network Protocols can be configured concurrently in the same router. The possible combinations are: • Bridging + IP Routing • Bridging + IPX Routing • Bridging + IP Routing + IPX Routing • IP Routing + IPX Routing General Configuration Rules: IP (and IPX) Routing takes precedence over Bridging. Each Network Protocol in the combination is individually configured as described in the preceding tables.
Sample Configurations Sample Configuration 1 — PPP with IP and IPX This configuration example comprises: • A scenario describing the configuration • A diagram showing the configuration of the SOHO router • Tables containing the configuration settings for this example • Information about the Names and Passwords that are used in this configuration example (required for PPP) Note: Blank Network Information Worksheets are available to fill in the information for your own configuration in Appendix B.
◊ Sample Configuration 1 — Diagram for Target Router (SOHO) Small Office Home Office SOHO (Target/Local Router) Network Service Provider (HQ) 42 FlowPoint DSL Router
◊ Sample Configuration 1 — Tables For Target Router (SOHO) SOHO SYSTEM SETTINGS Configuration Section Item Settings System Settings Name System Name SOHO System Settings Message (optional) Configured_Oct_1997 Authentication Password SOHOpasswd Message System Settings Authentication Password System Settings 192.168.254.254 255.255.255.0 Ethernet IP Address Ethernet IP Address and Subnet Mask Ethernet IPX Network # IPX Network number 456 System Settings DNS Domain Name myISP.
SOHO REMOTE ROUTER DATABASE ENTRY: HQ Configuration Section Item Settings Remote Routers New Entry New remote router name HQ Link Protocol Link Protocol PPP VPI Number 0 VCI Number 39 Minimum Authentication PAP Disable Authentication NO Remote Router’s Password HQpasswd Remote Routers Bridging Bridging On/Off OFF Remote Routers Remote Network’s IP Addresses, Subnet Masks, and Metric 172.16.0.0 255.255.255.
SOHO REMOTE ROUTER DATABASE ENTRY: ISP Configuration Section Item Settings Remote Routers New Entry New remote router name Link Protocol PVC Link Protocol VPI Number VCI Number Remote Routers ISP PPP 0 38 Minimum Authentication PAP Disable Authentication NO Remote Router’s Password ISPpasswd Bridging On/Off OFF Remote Network’s IP Addresses, Subnet Masks, and Metric 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.
SOHO ROUTING CONTROLS Configuration Section IP and IPX Routing Item Settings TCP/IP Routing On/Off ON IPX Routing On/Off ON Internet Firewall On/Off ON ◊ Information about Names and Passwords In this configuration example, the PPP Link Protocol requires using systems names and passwords. System Passwords SOHO has a system password ‘SOHOpasswd’. This password is used when SOHO communicates with HQ for authentication by that site and at any time when HQ ch6allenges SOHO.
Note: To avoid problems with passwords, it is recommended that you set the remote router security to “disable authentication” to simplify the process.
Sample Configuration 2 — RFC 1483 with IP and Bridging This configuration example comprises: • A scenario describing this configuration of the router SOHO • A diagram showing the configuration information needed for this example • Tables containing the configuration settings for this example Note 1: Names and Passwords are not used with the RFC 1483 Link Protocol. Note 2: Blank Network Information Worksheets are available to fill in the information for your own configuration in Appendix B.
◊ Sample Configuration 2 — Diagram for Target Router SOHO Small Office Home Office SOHO (Target Router) Network Service Provider (HQ) Configuration 49
◊ Sample Configuration 2 — Tables For Target Router (SOHO) SOHO SYSTEM SETTINGS Configuration Section Item System Settings Settings Message (optional) Configured_apr98 Ethernet IP Address and Subnet Mask 192.168.254.254 255.255.255.0 DNS Domain Name myISP.com DNS Server 192.168.200.1 WINS Server address 172.16.0.
SOHO REMOTE ROUTER DATABASE ENTRY: ISP Configuration Section Item Settings Remote Routers New Entry New remote router name ISP Link Protocol PVC Link Protocol RFC 1483 VPI Number 0 VCI Number 38 Bridging Bridging On/Off OFF Remote Routers Remote Network’s IP Addresses, Subnet Masks, and Metric 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.
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Chapter 3. Configuration Reference Configuration Reference This section lists and describes each configuration button in Configuration Manager. It provides additional information for each configuration point listed previously in the Configuration Tables. Note: This information is for use as reference material only. It does not include step-by-step instructions. Connect and Login ◊ Connect The router is shipped to the users with a default IP address that does not need to be changed *.
◊ Password, Login, Skip Login ⇒ Enter the Login Password admin in the Login Window. The default login password is admin when first configuring the router. Type it in lowercase and verify that your keyboard Caps Lock key is not active. ⇒ You will then be prompted to enter your own password twice in the Login Password window as a security measure. This security feature allows you to prevent unauthorized write access to the router’s configuration.
⇒ Click About and a window displays the Configuration Manager Version number and date. System Settings The information about the target router you are configuring and adding to your network includes: • • • • • • • The system name (for PPP only) An optional system message An authentication password (for PPP only) An Ethernet IP address DHCP settings (if required) An Ethernet IPX address (if IPX Routing) Change the Login Password (optional) ⇒ Click System Settings from the main menu.
◊ System Name ⇒ Enter a router name in the field labeled Name (PPP only). You must enter a system name for the target router if your Link Protocol is PPP. This name is sent to other routers during authentication. Space characters within the name are converted to underscores as the system name is a ‘word’ when exchanged with PAP/CHAP. ◊ System Message ⇒ You may enter an optional Message. This message is saved in the router and is displayed on Configuration Manager’s main menu screen.
To Change the IP Address and Mask ⇒ Use this window if you wish to change the IP Address and Subnet Mask of the target router. This may occur, for example, if a company already has a LAN network and users are given specific addresses to use by their network administrator. ⇒ Click OK to save the changes and exit the window. Note: When changing either of these fields, you must always perform a Store and Reboot as shown in later steps. LAN RIP Settings The router supports RIP-1 Compatible, RIP-1, and RIP-2.
⇒ Click OK to save the changes and exit the window. The IPX Network Number (also known as the External Network Number) is an 8-character hexadecimal string representing the Ethernet LAN. You can now use this window to change the settings. The frame types must be compatible with the Novell server located on the same LAN. To determine this, consult with your network administrator. ◊ DHCP The FlowPoint router supports DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) and acts as a DHCP server.
Remote Router Database The information about all the remote routers to which this (local/target) router may connect on the Wide Area Network (WAN) is entered into the router’s Remote Router Database. The remote router information includes: • • • • • Link Protocol/PVC Security Bridging specifications TCP/IP route addressing ,RIP protocol controls, address translation Remote IPX route services (IPX Routes - IPX SAPs) ⇒ Click Remote Routers from the main menu.
Delete a Remote Router Database Entry ⇒ Click the down arrow next to the field labeled Select a Router to display the list of remote routers entered into the database. ⇒ Click the name of the router entry you wish to delete. ⇒ Then click Delete Entry and in the next window displayed, confirm by clicking Yes. ⇒ Click Close to exit the Remote Router Database screen.
Important link protocol configuration notes: • PPP: If PPP is selected, you will need to enter a User Name and Password for your Internet connection. • RFC 1483: If you are using RFC 1483, do not enter a User Name and Password for your Internet connection. If Network Address Translation (NAT) and IP are enabled, you must enter Source WAN IP Address information for this type of connection. You will obtain this information from your ISP or your Network Administrator.
◊ Security Information (PPP only) The Security window allows you to specify the type of authentication and password required by the target router when communicating with the remote router. ⇒ From the remote router menu screen, select Security. Security Authentication Protocol The authentication protocol is the minimum security level that the target router must use when communicating with the remote router. This protocol level is checked during security negotiation.
⇒ In the next window, enter a new password in both fields. The password is not displayed as you enter it and must be entered twice. A new password overrides the previous one set. Blank passwords are not acceptable. ⇒ Click OK to set the password. Click OK again to save the security specification. ◊ Bridging Capability ⇒ From the Remote Router Database menu screen, select Bridging On/Off. You specify whether the target router bridges traffic to/from this remote router.
⇒ To seed the routing table, you will enter the TCP/IP Route Addresses into the table using this window. This window displays a list of each network IP address with the corresponding subnet mask, metric, and gateway. The metric is a number between 1 and 15 that indicates the perceived cost in reaching the remote network or station. Note: The gateway must be specified when the RFC 1483MER link protocol is selected.
Advanced - Source and Remote WAN IP Addresses ⇒ Click the Advanced button if you wish to specify WAN Port addresses or set IP protocol options. Source WAN Port Address PPP: The Source WAN IP Port Address can be assigned dynamically or statically. Verify this information with your Network Service Provider. RFC 1483: If Network Address Translation (NAT) and IP are enabled, you must enter Source WAN Port Address and mask information for this type of connection.
IPX Routes To seed the routing table, you will enter IPX Route Addresses using this window. This window displays a list of each IPX Network # with the corresponding Hops count and number of Ticks. The IPX routes entered here may be to an internal or external network number depending upon how the router is being used. The Hops count is a number greater than 1 representing the number of routers that must be passed through to reach the network number.
IPX SAPs If you are configuring IPX Routing, you will also need to enter details about services that are available on the LAN networks connected beyond the remote router. Ask your network administrator to determine if you need to seed the services table and what information is required. To seed the services table, you will enter IPX SAPs using the window. This window displays a list of each Server Name with the corresponding Server Type, Network #, Node #, and Socket. The WAN Network Number is displayed.
• Node # (The Node # is the 12-character hexadecimal internal node number associated with the server entered in the format xx-xx-xx-xx-xx-xx) • Socket # (The Socket # is the 4-character hexadecimal number representing the service —application— within the server node) Note 1: All other SAPs are automatically learned. This entry is used for spoofing. Note 2: SAP information is available from your Network Administrator. ⇒ You can modify the WAN Network Number by clicking Modify.
◊ WAN-to-WAN Forwarding This option is On by default to allow users to manage forwarding of data from one WAN link to another. In some cases, it may be desirable to disable WAN-to-WAN Forwarding to stop the data from being forwarded from one WAN link to another WAN link. Example: if the router is used at home to access both a company network and the Internet at the same time, and company information should not pass to the Internet, then disable WAN-to-WAN forwarding.
Verify the Router Configuration ◊ Test IP Routing Test IP Routing over the Local Ethernet LAN 1. Check that the PWR, TEST, and LINK LEDs on the front panel of your router are lit green. Then proceed to step 2. All lights should be lit green: If not, the link is not working. At this stage, it is recommended that you turn your router off and then turn it back on.. If the lights still don’t display properly, contact your Network Service Provider. 2.
Test Routing From a Remote Destination Have a remote router contact the target router using a similar method. Test TCP/IP Routes Contact a station, subnetwork, or host on the network beyond a remote router to verify the TCP/IP route addresses entered in the remote router database.
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Chapter 4. Advanced Features And Management Tools Advanced Features The features described in this section are advanced topics. They are primarily intended for experienced users and network administrators to perform network management and more complex configurations.
4. If the TCP/IP stack is installed on your PC (it will be listed under Configuration), proceed to step 5. If not, see note 1. 5. Under Configuration, double-click TCP/IP. Select Obtain an IP address automatically. If you are connecting to a Windows NT server, see note 2. 6. Click the DNS Configuration tab and select Disable DNS. Click OK. 7. You are now back in the Network window. Select the Identification tab. Enter a computer name, a workgroup name, and a computer description if you wish.
◊ Router Configuration DHCP Settings DHCP is enabled initially by default (the IP Address Pool field is already filled in). Before becoming active, the router’s DHCP server attempts to locate other active DHCP servers on the network such as Windows NT servers. If one is detected, the router’s DHCP server disables itself.
DNS Configuration If you intend to primarily configure your router for Internet access, you need to enter DNS information provided by your Internet Service Provider. WINS Servers If you work with Windows NT, you should enter your WINS Servers’ IP addresses in the WINS Servers fields. ◊ Storing and Rebooting Changing or entering new DHCP settings requires a Store in the router and a Reboot of the PC. This step is necessary so that the PC can acquire its initialization parameters from the router.
Network Address Translation (NAT) NAT is an IP address conversion feature that translates a PC’s local (internal) address into a temporary global (outside/Internet) IP address. NAT is needed when a PC (or several PCs) on a Local Area Network wants to connect to the outside/Internet to get to a remote network: NAT swaps the local IP address to a global IP address. Our version of NAT goes one step further by allowing several PCs to share one single IP address to the Internet, thus reducing connection costs.
Routing Information Protocol (RIP) You can configure the router to send and receive RIP (Routing Information Protocol) packet information to and from the remote router. RIP is a protocol used by some routers to exchange IP routing information so that the local site will “learn” all about the routes beyond the remote router and the remote router will “learn” all about the local site’s routes. Note 1: You may not want this to occur in some cases.
Since it uses multicast addresses, only devices supporting RIP-2 will listen to RIP-2 packets. Note: If your network does not support RIP, then use the RIP Off option to disable RIP. ◊ Instructions to Enable RIP Options It is advisable to only activate RIP options when instructed to do so by your network administrator. Make sure that IP routing is enabled by clicking IP and IPX Routing from the main menu. Note: RIP options do not apply to Bridging.
Management Tools This section describes tools designed to simplify file system management, software maintenance, and data traffic monitoring. These tools comprise: • • • • Terminal Window Upgrade/Backup Reboot from Network SNMP Options ⇒ To access these tools, click Tools from Configuration Manager’s main menu. Terminal Window The Terminal Window lets you access the Command Line Interface (CLI) through Configuration Manager *.
◊ How to Change the Router’s IP Address Using the Terminal Window The console cable allows you to access the Command Line Interface via Configuration Manager. The router’s address will be changed to be in the same IP subnetwork as the PC. The PC’s address will not change. Note: Refer to Appendix C, Command Line Interface, page 116, for installation instructions. ◊ Instructions 1. Use the serial (console) cable to access the router through Configuration Manager. 2.
where: x.x.x.x (IP address) y.y.y.y (subnet mask for the router’s LAN connection) Ex: 192.168.254.254 255.255.255.0 Note: To determine which addresses are valid for your router, refer to Appendix E, Subnetwork Tables, page 121, or ask your network administrator. eth list This command lists the settings for the Ethernet LAN IP address and subnet mask as well as the port number. save reboot 5. Close the terminal window. 6. Click the Connect button in Configuration Manager. 7.
◊ Upgrade/Backup Options Upgrade Firmware Upgrading the Firmware should only be done when advised by Technical Support or when you are installing a new version/upgrade of the router’s Firmware. You should back up the previous Firmware to a separate directory first. Upgrade/Backup of the Configuration Files A Backup or Upgrade operation on the configuration files will include all of the system files, but not the target DHCP settings files.
A Select Backup File or Select Upgrade File window will appear and give you the following default files in the name box: • For Firmware, the default file is KERNEL.2K • For Configuration, the default file is SYSTEM.CNF • For DHCP, the default file is DHCP.DAT ⇒ Click OK if appropriate. ⇒ Otherwise select the proper file and directory from the list below the name box and click OK. Reboot From Network Reboot from Network is used in the following situations: • To perform Beta testing (e.g.
SNMP Options The router is preconfigured with the following SNMP default settings: • public for the Community Name • 161 for the UDP Port You may, however, want to change the default settings for security reasons or to allow SNMP monitoring of a device located on the LAN while running NAT; both the device and the router can be monitored or managed at different UDP ports. Changing the settings will affect only the Windows configuration parameters but will not change the actual settings in the router.
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Chapter 5. Router Feature Descriptions The FlowPoint supports the following industry standard protocols, security features, compression algorithms, and network management tools to ensure interoperability with other vendors’ equipment. • IEEE 802.
IEEE 802.3 Ethernet The router provides a standard 802.3 Media Access Control layer for CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection) Ethernet communications. Point-To-Point Link Protocol (PPP) PPP is a data link layer industry standard WAN protocol for transferring multi-protocol data traffic over point-to-point connections. It is suitable for both high-speed synchronous ports as well as lower speed asynchronous dialup ports.
High-Speed Digital Subscriber Line (HDSL) HDSL is a DSL option that offers high-speed data rates of up to 1.1 Mbits/sec over existing copper wires. It uses HDLC frames on the line. Symmetrical Digital Subscriber Line (SDSL) This DSL service is similar to HDSL. It also allows for data rates of up to 1.1 Mbits/sec. RFC 1483 Link Protocol RFC 1483 is an IETF recommendation that describes the rules used to send IP, IPX, and bridging frames using AAL5 connections over ATM.
CHAP is more secure than PAP as unencrypted passwords are not sent across the network. CHAP uses a 3-way handshake: One router (known as the authenticator) challenges the other router (known as the peer) by generating a random number and sending it along with its system name. The peer then applies a one-way hash algorithm to the random number and returns this encrypted information along with its own system name. The authenticator then runs the same algorithm and compares the result with the expected value.
Routing tables can be seeded; i.e., addresses for remote destinations are placed in the table along with network address masks and a metric for path latency. Routing tables are also built dynamically; i.e., the location of remote stations, hosts and networks are updated from broadcast packet information. Routing helps to increase network capacity by localizing traffic on LAN segments and reducing the amount of broadcasts that would result from bridged traffic.
IEEE 802.1D Bridging The FlowPoint router supports the IEEE 802.1D standard for LAN-to-LAN bridging. Bridging is provided over PPP as well as adjacent LAN ports. The bridging software uses transparent bridging. Configured as a bridge, the unit bridges data packets to the destination, regardless of the network protocols used. Also included is the Spanning Tree Protocol allowing the FlowPoint router to interoperate with other vendors’ bridge/routers. This is a learning bridge; i.e.
Since IPX sends several types of control packets that could keep communication links permanently connected, control of updates and spoofing techniques are employed to reduce this traffic. Specifically, RIP, SAP, Watchdog, and serialization frames are filtered and spoofed. RIP and SAP update frames are only sent piggybacked with data packets. SAP requests for the nearest server are spoofed, serialization frames are dropped, and Watchdog frames are spoofed.
specified position and hexadecimal content within the packet. Common uses are to prevent access to remote networks, control unauthorized access to the local network and limit unnecessary traffic. (This feature can only be configured through the Command Line Interface.) Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) The FlowPoint router provides SNMP agent support and support for standard as well as Enterprise Specific MIBs. SNMP is also used internally for configuration of the router.
Network Address Translation (NAT) NAT is an IP address conversion feature that translates a PC’s local (internal) address into a temporary global (outside/Internet) IP address. NAT is needed when a PC (or several PCs) on a Local Area Network wants to connect to the outside Internet to get to a remote network: NAT swaps the local IP address to a global IP address. Our version of NAT goes one step further by allowing several PCs to share one single IP address to the Internet, thus reducing connection costs.
Windows GUI Configurator A Microsoft® Windows™-based program, the FlowPoint Configuration Manager, is provided for configuring the FlowPoint router. This Windows GUI point-and-click configurator is described in the chapter Installing and Accessing Configuration Manager. A Winsock-compliant TCP/IP stack must be installed on your PC to run Configuration Manager. Command Line Interface Configuration is also supported through the Command Line Interface.
Chapter 6. Troubleshooting This chapter discusses diagnostic tools that are available to help identify and solve problems that may occur with your FlowPoint router. It also describes some common hardware and software problems and gives some suggestions to troubleshoot them. Diagnostic Tools Using LEDs Most hardware problems can be diagnosed and solved by checking the LEDs on the front panel of your router.
Normal LED Sequence State Length Problem If the LED sequence stops at this stage: State 1 Power ON PWR - green TEST - amber LINK - off 5 sec A hardware problem has been detected. ⇒ Contact Technical Support. State 2 All lights flash 1 sec State 3 PWR - green TEST - green LINK - off 5 sec 1. 2. Check that the DIP switches are all up. Check that the correct software was loaded. 5 to 10 sec 1. 2. Check your DSL cables. Check the physical connection from your router to the DSLAM (Central Office).
Troubleshooting Help File Configuration Manager’s Help file features an extensive troubleshooting section that is meant to help you diagnose and solve problems quickly through a logical process of elimination. This Troubleshooting file is also available as a freestanding application in the FlowPoint directory. ⇒ To access it, click the Start your PC’s desktop, click Programs, FlowPoint DSL Tools, and double-click Troubleshooting Help.
• To discontinue the log, use the command system log stop. When you exit TELNET, you automatically stop any logging programs running in that session. Note: History Log is preserved across reboots, but not across power outages or power down. Ping Command You can verify IP connectivity to the router by running a ping command. You will probably find a ping utility bundled with your TCP/IP stack. In Windows 95 and Microsoft's TCP/IP 32-bit stack for Windows for Workgroups, the command is called PING.
1. 2. 3. Try to ping the IP address of your PC. If you get a response back, proceed directly with step 2. If you don’t get a response back, check that: • The network adapter card is installed. • The TCP/IP protocol is installed. • The TCP/IP protocol is bound to the network adapter. Try to ping the IP address of your router. If you get a response back, proceed directly with step 3. If you don’t get a response back, the problem lies between your PC and router: • Check the cables. • Check the hub.
• Verify that the RS232 device attached to the console is configured as a ‘DTE’. If not, a crossover or null modem adapter is required. Problems with the Factory Configuration • Compare the FlowPoint router configuration with your FlowPoint router order. • Verify that the model number is correct (displayed during the boot procedure). The model number (and serial number) is also displayed on the main window of Configuration Manager.
• Check Network TCP/IP properties under Windows 95 and the control panel of the TCP/IP driver installed under Windows 3.1. • Check if the LAN LED on the router’s front panel blinks when 'pinged'. • Check your Ethernet board IRQ settings: the PC’s table may become confused. If so, reboot your PC. Problems with the Login Password You have been prompted for the login password and received the following message: “Login Password is invalid”. • Re-enter the correct password and press enter.
• All IP addresses must be in the same IP subnetwork (IP is being bridged). ◊ If TCP/IP Routing • Check that IP Routing is enabled at the local and the remote end. • The IP addresses of the local and remote networks belong to different IP subnetworks. • Make sure that there is an existing route to the remote network. • Make sure that there is a route back from the remote network. • There must be a Source WAN IP Address defined when using NAT.
How To Obtain Technical Support Before contacting Technical Support, gather the following information: • Description of the problem, onset, duration, and affected components. • FlowPoint router’s serial numbers, and the date you purchased the products. • Level and success of the Power-On-Self-Test. • List of other equipment such as personal computers, modems, and third party software you are using, including revision levels. • Software version number.
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Appendix A. Software Specifications ROUTING Multi-user sharing via Ethernet LAN TCP/IP with RIP1-Compatible, RIP1, RIP2, or static routing on the LAN and/or WAN DHCP Relay Agent DHCP Server – Automatic assignment of IP Address, Mask, Default Gateway, and DNS servers addresses to workstation (RFC 1541, RFC 1533) Novell IPX with RIP/SAP DNS Relay FlowPoint DHCP Client Network Address Translation (NAT) FlowPoint NAT Server Support Network Renumbering BRIDGING Transparent Bridging (IEEE 802.
Appendix B.
PPP with IP Routing STEP/BUTTON ITEM YOUR SETTINGS System Settings System Name Required ..................................... System Message Optional ..................................... Authentication Password Required ..................................... Ethernet IP Address As required .................................... DHCP Settings Already enabled; additional settings may be required .................................... Change Login Optional ....................................
PPP with IPX Routing STEP/BUTTON ITEM YOUR SETTINGS System Settings System Name Required ..................................... System Message Optional ..................................... Authentication Password Required ..................................... Ethernet IP Address As required .................................... DHCP Settings Already enabled; additional settings may be required .................................... Change Login Optional ....................................
PPP with Bridging STEP/BUTTON ITEM YOUR SETTINGS System Settings System Name Required .................................... System Message Optional ..................................... Authorization Password Required ..................................... DHCP Settings Already enabled; additional settings may be required .................................... Change Login Optional ................................... New Entry Enter: Remote Name ....................................
RFC 1483 with IP Routing STEP/BUTTON ITEM YOUR SETTINGS System Settings System Message Optional ..................................... Ethernet IP Address As required .................................... DHCP Settings Already enabled; additional settings may be required .................................... Change Login Optional .................................... New Entry Enter: Remote Name ....................................
RFC 1483 with IPX Routing STEP/BUTTON ITEM YOUR SETTINGS System Settings System Message Optional ..................................... Ethernet IP Address As required .................................... DHCP Settings Already enabled.; additional settings may be required .................................... Ethernet IPX Network # Enter : IPX Network # .................................... Frame Type Change Login .................................... Optional .................................
RFC 1483 with Bridging STEP/BUTTON ITEM YOUR SETTINGS System Settings System Message Optional ..................................... DHCP Settings Already enabled; additional settings may be required .................................... Change Login Optional .................................... New Entry Enter: Remote Name .................................... Link Protocol/PVC Select: RFC 1483 RFC 1483 Enter: VPI/VCI Numbers ....................................
1 RFC 1483MER with IP Routing STEP/BUTTON ITEM YOUR SETTINGS Connect System Settings System Message Optional ………………………………………….. Ethernet IP Address As required ………………………………………….. DHCP Settings Already enabled; additional settings may be required ………………………………………….. Change Login Optional ………………………………………….. New Entry Enter: Remote Name ………………………………………….. Link Protocol/PVC Select: RFC1483MER Enter: VPI/VCI Numbers RFC 1483MER …………………………………………..
Appendix C. Command Line Interface Why Use The Command Line Interface? You will need to connect the router to the PC in order to access the Command Line Interface (CLI) when Configuration Manager is not compatible with certain platforms, cannot be used for complex configuration tasks, or if you initially experience trouble connecting to the router. Non-Windows users have to configure their router using the CLI; Windows users may have to rely on it in specific situations, as is described below.
Connecting The Router To The PC You will use the following cable and adapter: • One 10-foot length of unshielded twisted pair cable with RJ45 connectors on either end. This cable has a green label marked “Console”. • One RJ45 to DB9 adapter (console port to PC). ◊ Instructions 1. Plug the RJ45 connector at one end of the cable into the RJ45 jack marked Console on the back panel of the router. 2.
Accessing The Command Line Interface The Command Line Interface is available at all times once you have installed the router’s hardware, connected the PC with a terminal emulation session (or ASCII) session, and powered the unit on. For specifics regarding the CLI commands, refer to the Command Line Interface guide (provided on diskette 3). ◊ Instructions To Open a Terminal Window Emulation Program under Windows: 1. Click the Start button located on your PC desktop. 2.
To Open a Terminal Window Emulation in a Macintosh or UNIX Environment: Refer to your system documentation to determine which appropriate communications programs to use to communicate with the router’s emulation mode. To Access the Terminal Window via TELNET: 1. The PC address and the router address have to be in the same subnetwork. Example: Router address is: 192.168.254.254 PC address is: 192.168.254.253 2.
Appendix D. Changing Configuration Switch Settings The configuration switches are located under the label CONFIG on the rear panel of the router. You might need to alter the configuration switches for: • Upgrading software • Troubleshooting with a qualified service representative • Resetting the login password Configuration Switch Settings When you receive the router, switches 5 and 6 are set for the normal operation of the router.
Appendix E. Subnetwork Tables Numbers of Users 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Mask in decimal Mask in hexadecimal Bits in mask Range of valid addresses router) router) router) router) router) router) router) router) router) router) router) router) router) router) router) router) router) router) router) router) router) router) router) router) router) router) router) router) router) router) router) router) 255.255.255.248 255.255.255.248 255.255.255.248 255.255.255.
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Glossary 10Base-T IEEE 802.3 standard for the use of Ethernet LAN technology over unshielded twisted pair wiring, running at 10Mbps. ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line - Technology that delivers high-speed data and voice connections over existing phone lines. Up to 6.2 MBits/sec can be sent downstream and 1.1 Mbits/sec upstream. ARP Address Resolution Protocol. An Internet protocol used to bind an IP address to Ethernet/802.3 addresses. ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange.
Console Device used by the network administrator to configure and monitor the router. The console employs an RS232 interface. Configuration Manager and Command Line Interface are used on the console. DCE Data Communicating Equipment. Equipment used within a network to transfer data from source to destination such as modems. Data Compression Techniques used to reduce the number of bits transferred across the communication links that represent the actual data bits.
Dynamic IP Address IP address that is assigned by the Internet provider and which may change with each connection. EtherTalk AppleTalk protocols running on Ethernet. Filter Feature to control the flow of data based on protocol or bridge information. Filters can be specific to allow data through or prevent transmission. Firewall A combination of techniques used to protect one network from unknown networks and users on the outside.
LEDs Light Emitting Diodes - Type of indicator lights on the panel of the router. Link Protocol Set of standards used over the communication link defining how different computers and other devices will communicate with each other. PPP and RFC 1483 are link protocols. These protocols provide a mechanism through which the network protocols are carried over the DSL/ATM link. Because of compatibility issues, it is essential to have the same Link Protocol selected on both ends of the connection.
NSP Network Service Provider - Company from which you buy your network services. OSI Open System Interconnection. An international standard developed by ITU (formally CCITT) and ISO (International Standards Organization) to facilitate data networking multi-vendor interoperability. The OSI Reference Model defines seven layers, each providing specific network functions. Packet A piece of information sent across the network that includes a header and usually user data.
WAN interface and then formatted so that they can be understood in a bridged environment RJ11 Standard 4-wire connectors for telephone lines. RJ45 Standard 8-wire connectors used for DSL lines. Router Information Protocol (RIP) Protocols used in IP and IPX for broadcasting open path information between routers to keep routing tables current. Routing A network layer function that determines the path for transmitting packets through a network from source to destination.
assigned to an organization. TCP/IP entities outside this organization have no knowledge of the internal ‘subnetting’. Subnet Mask A 32-bit Internet protocol address mask used to identify a particular subnetwork. Symmetrical Digital Subscriber Line (SDSL) This DSL service is similar to HDSL. It also allows for data rates of up to 1.1 Mbits/sec. This technology uses ATM cells. TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. Refers to a set of Internetworking protocols developed by the U.S.
VCI Virtual Channel Identifier - Number that identifies a channel within a virtual path in a DSL/ATM environment. Virtual Channel Refers to a logical connection between end stations in an DSL/ATM environment Virtual Path Refers to a bundle of virtual channels in a DSL/ATM environment. VPI Virtual Path Identifier - Number that identifies the link formed by the virtual path in a DSL/ATM environment. Watchdog Frames Frames sent out by servers to clients, under IPX, to verify that clients are still logged on.
Index A ADSL, 88 advanced features, 73 ATM, 88 authentication password, 56 B backing up files, 82 backup tool, 83 bridge filtering, 93 bridging general description, 90 IEEE 802.
RFC 1483MER with IP Routing, 39 console Command Line Interface, 117 connecting, 117 D DHCP configuration, 73 configuration for the PC, 73 configuration for the router, 75 general, 58, 73, 94 diagrams, 26 E Ethernet LAN IP Address, 57 IP configuration parameters, 16, 24, 31 F factory defaults, 83 file system, 95 filtering bridging and routing protocol, 93 Internet Firewall, 68 IP Routing, 92 IPX Routing, 93 piggyback method, 92 IP address change, 81 IP address sharing, 77 IPX Routing control, 68 Ethernet
network diagrams, 26 network information example, 43, 50 sample worksheets, 43, 50 network protocol configuration Bridging (with PPP), 22 IP (with PPP), 15 IP (with RFC 1483MER), 30 IPX (with PPP), 19 P PAP, 15, 19, 22, 89, 90 password change login, 58 CHAP, 90 example, 46 PAP, 89 usage, 15, 19, 22 passwords and names example, 46 piggyback method IP Routing, 93 Point-to-Point Protocol standard, 88 support for, 88 R reboot, 69 Reboot from Network, 84 remote router authentication password, 62 bridging, 63 d
TCP/IP routing control, 46, 51 TCP/IP Routing configuration parameters, 16, 24, 31 control, 68 default route, 17, 25, 31 filtering and spoofing, 92 protocol options, 78 route addresses, 17, 25, 31, 63 source and remote addresses, 17, 25, 31 stack requirements, 96 testing, 70 WAN IP addresses, 65 Technical Support, 105 TELNET, 95 terminal emulation communications settings, 118 establishing session, 118 Terminal Window access, 80 management tool, 80 TFTP, 82, 95 tools, 80 troubleshooting accessing the remote
Part Number 222-00388-01
