® Portable Management Application for the 7C03, 7C04, and 7C04-R SmartSwitch Hubs User’s Guide The Complete Networking Solution
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Contents Chapter 1 Introduction to SPMA for the 7C0x SmartSwitch Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch User’s Guide............................................................... 1-2 What’s NOT in the 7C0x SmartSwitch User’s Guide . . . ................................. 1-4 Conventions ................................................................................................................... 1-5 Screen Displays ..................................................................................................
Contents Find MAC Address....................................................................................... 2-26 UPS.................................................................................................................. 2-27 Accessing FDDI Management............................................................................ 2-27 Accessing ATM Management............................................................................. 2-28 Accessing Bridge Management.............................
Contents Chapter 5 ATM Configuration Accessing the AToM MIB Window............................................................................. 5-1 Configuring Connections............................................................................................. 5-4 Chapter 6 Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Bridge View Bridging Basics .............................................................................................................. 6-1 Transparent Bridging.......................................
Contents vi
Chapter 1 Introduction to SPMA for the 7C0x SmartSwitch How to use the 7C0x SmartSwitch User’s Guide; manual conventions; contacting Cabletron Technical Support; 7C0x SmartSwitch firmware versions supported by SPMA Your SPMA for the 7C0x SmartSwitch management module provides management support for all three models in the 7C0x SmartSwitch family.
Introduction to SPMA for the 7C0x SmartSwitch • The 7E03-24, a single-slot Ethernet module that provides 24 ports via two RJ71 connectors. • The 7E02-24, a double-wide Ethernet module for the 7C04-R which provides 24 ports via RJ45 connectors.
Introduction to SPMA for the 7C0x SmartSwitch Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch User’s Guide Your SPECTRUM Portable Management Application (SPMA) for the 7C0x SmartSwitch consists of a number of different applications, each of which provides a portion of the overall management functionality.
Introduction to SPMA for the 7C0x SmartSwitch • Chapter 6, Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Bridge View, provides detailed instructions for configuring and managing the 7C0x SmartSwitch’s traditional bridging capabilities, including monitoring bridge operation, using the special and filtering data bases, and setting forwarding thresholds and notification options. You can access the Bridge View from the icon menu, the Hub View, or the command line.
Introduction to SPMA for the 7C0x SmartSwitch management system — instructions for starting each application from the command line are included in each chapter of this guide and the SPMA Tools Guide. Conventions SPECTRUM Portable Management Applications — including the 7C0x SmartSwitch module — can work with a number of different network management systems running on several different operating systems and graphical user interfaces.
Introduction to SPMA for the 7C0x SmartSwitch Use the scroll bars provided to choose what to display in a window that’s been resized Click here to display footer message history Figure 1-1. Window Conventions Some windows will also contain a button; selecting this button launches a History window (Figure 1-2) which lists all footer messages that have been displayed since the window was first invoked.
Introduction to SPMA for the 7C0x SmartSwitch Using the Mouse The UNIX mouse has three buttons. Procedures within the SPMA document set refer to these buttons as follows: Button 1 Button 2 Button 3 Figure 1-3. Mouse Buttons If you’re using a two-button mouse, don’t worry. SPMA doesn’t make use of mouse button 2. Just click the left button for button 1 and the right mouse button when instructed to use mouse button 3.
Introduction to SPMA for the 7C0x SmartSwitch Getting Help If you need additional support related to SPMA, or if you have any questions, comments, or suggestions related to this manual, contact Cabletron Systems Technical Support. Before calling, please have the following information ready: • The product name and part number • The version number of the applications that you need help with. SPMA is modular, which means each application will have a specific revision number.
Chapter 2 Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View Navigating through the Hub View; monitoring hub performance; managing the hub The heart of the SPECTRUM Portable Management Application (SPMA) for the 7C0x SmartSwitch is the Hub View, a graphical interface that gives you access to many of the functions that provide control over the 7C0x hub and its installed modules.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View NOTES The spmarun script invoked first in the above command temporarily sets the environment variables SPMA needs to operate; be sure to use this command any time you launch an application from the command line. This script is automatically invoked when you launch an application from the icon menu or from within the Hub View. If there is a hostname mapped to your 7C0x SmartSwitch’s IP address, you can use in place of to launch the Hub View.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View Hub View Front Panel In addition to the graphical display of the modules installed in your 7C0x SmartSwitch chassis, the Hub View gives you device level summary information. The following Front Panel information appears to the right of the module display: Contact Status is a color code that shows the status of the connection between SPMA and the device: • Green means a valid connection.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View Clicking the Device button displays the Device menu, Figure 2-2. Figure 2-2.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View Module Index Indicates the module’s slot number within the 7C0x hub. (Slots are numbered from left to right; the controller module slot is slot #1.) Click button 1 or button 3 to display the Module menu. Module Type Indicates the module’s type. Click button 1 or button 3 to display the Module menu. Port Index Click button 1 to toggle the interface between enabled and disabled; click button 3 to display the Port menu (bridge display mode only).
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View Menus always available: Switch mode menu: Bridge mode menus: Interface mode menus: Figure 2-4. The 7C0x SmartSwitch’s Device, Module, Switch, Bridge, Interface, FDDI, and Port Menus Selecting the Application Display Mode The device information, menus, and applications that are available to you via the Hub View depend on the Application Display mode you have chosen.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View You select the Application Display mode you want via the Module menu (Figure 2-5); note that the Module menu remains the same regardless of which display mode is selected. For bridgeconfigured devices For switchconfigured devices Figure 2-5. The Hub View Module Menu TIP Note that, although the Module menu does not change based on the Application Display mode selected, the ATM option will only appear when a 7A06-01 NIM is installed in the chassis.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View COM Port and FDDI Front Panel Displays Note that, like the Module menu, neither the COM port nor the FDDI front panel displays are affected by changes in the Application Display. The COM port display always shows each port’s administrative status (ON or OFF), both in the text display and in the color code (green = ON, blue = OFF); the FDDI front panel display changes based on the port display form selected via the FDDI menu, as illustrated below. Figure 2-6.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View desirable. You can view and configure the SMT Connection Policy by selecting the SMT Connection Policy option on the Module —>FDDI Utilities menu; see Chapter 4, FDDI Management, for more information. • DIS (disabled) — the port has been disabled by management; note that this status does not indicate whether or not there is a physical link connected to the port.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View SMT Index Displays each port’s logical index number, which reflects the port’s logical position in relation to the SMT entity to which it is assigned. (Each FDDI interface has its own SMT entity; these are indexed from left to right in the hub, and from top to bottom on each module.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View Figure 2-8. The Switch Application Display and Menu For more information about the Switch Status window, see Viewing Switch Status, page 2-23; port display forms are described below. Switch Port Display Forms You can select three port display forms for switch interfaces; note that, although you can select both Input and Output state for each interface, it is unlikely that any single interface would have different input and output status values at any given time.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View • INV (invalid configuration) — the port is in an unrecognized state. • TST (testing) — the port is in a testing mode. Type A switch interface’s Type is a dynamic value determined by the type of node to which the interface is connected: • Ntwk (network) — a Network interface is connected to another switch.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View The Bridge Application Display The Bridge Application Display — available only for devices which have been configured (via Local Management) to operate as traditional bridges — allows you to view each bridge interface according to bridging status and statistics; it also provides access to the Bridge and Bridge Port menus (Figure 2-9), from which you can launch the Bridge View application, change the port display form, view a list of source addresses communicating through
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View • DIS (disabled) — the port has been disabled by management; no traffic can be received or forwarded on this port, including configuration information for the bridged topology. • LIS (listening) — the port is not adding information to the filtering database; it is monitoring Bridge Protocol Data Unit (BPDU) traffic while preparing to move to the forwarding state.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View Bridge Port Color Codes The color codes assigned to each port interface in Bridge Application mode indicate the following bridging status conditions; note that the color coding is the same for all port display forms: • Green — the port is in a Forwarding state; that is, it is on-line and ready to forward packets from one network segment to another. Note that this is the default display for ports which are administratively enabled but not connected.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View For more information about the MIB I, II application, see the SPMA Tools Guide; for more information about the interface list, see Viewing the Interface List, page 2-22; for more information about configuring alarms, see Chapter 3, Alarm Configuration; and for more information about available port configuration options, see Port Configuration, page 2-30; port display forms are described below.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View Capability The Capability display indicates the highest duplex mode of which the interface is capable. Note that this display does not indicate the current Duplex Mode setting. • Full — the interface can be configured to operate in Full Duplex mode. • Fast — the interface is a Fast Ethernet port, and can be configured to operate in Full Duplex mode. Note that, for a Fast Ethernet port, Full Duplex operation doubles wire speed from 100 Mbps to 200.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View For Ethernet ports, the theoretical maximum load is 10 Mbps; for Fast Ethernet, FDDI, and ATM, it’s 100 Mbps. • • • Discard — shows a value for each active port that indicates what percentage of the total packets received at or transmitted by that port were discarded. You can view the discard percentage in three ways: - In — indicates the number of inbound packets that were discarded, as a percentage of the total load experienced by that port.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View • Load — shows a value for each active port that represents that port’s traffic as a percentage of the theoretical maximum load: either 10 Mbps (for Ethernet), or 100 Mbps (for Fast Ethernet).
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View - NOTE 512-1023 1024-1518 Giants (packets with more than 1518 bytes) Note that, for all statistical port display form options (both MIB II and Ethernet), three dashes (---) will display for all inactive ports; any active (green) port will display a numeric value, even if it’s zero. In addition, any FDDI or ATM interface will display three dashes for any Ethernet statistical display selection.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View 7C0x SmartSwitch firmware version SPMA for the 7C0x SmartSwitch revision number Firmware boot prom version Figure 2-11. Device Configuration Window The Device Configuration window provides the following hardware and software revision information: Firmware Version Displays version information for the firmware currently installed on your 7X00 controller module.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View Viewing the Interface List You can use the Interface List application to view a complete list of MAC Addresses assigned to the interfaces installed in your 7C0x SmartSwitch chassis. To open the Interface List: 1. If necessary, put the Hub View into the Interface Application Display mode (click either mouse button on the Module Index or Module Type box to display the Module menu, drag down to Application Display, then across to select Interface). 2.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View The interface and MAC address information displayed here is taken directly from the MIB II Interface Table; you can view both the MAC address and the IF index via the Interface Protocol Status window available in the MIB I, II tool. For more information on the MIB I, II tool and the Interface Protocol Status window, refer to Chapter 2 in the SPMA Tools Guide.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View Sfs Operating Status Displays the actual operational status of the 7C0x’s SecureFast switching services: Enabled, Disabled, Pending Enable (start-up in progress), Pending Disable (shut-down in progress), or Invalid Configuration. Note that the actual operational status may not always match the requested administrative status described above.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View Figure 2-14. The Bridge Port Source Address Window The bridge port Source Address window displays the MAC address of each device that has transmitted packets that have been forwarded through the selected bridging interface during the last cycle of the Filtering Database’s defined ageing timer (learned addresses that have not transmitted a packet during one complete cycle of the ageing timer are purged from the Source Address Table).
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View Module Utilities Most of the available SPMA Tools can be launched from the Module —> Module Utilities menu. (Remember, the Module menu is available in any Application Display mode.) To launch a utility from this menu: 1. Click either mouse button on the Module Index or Module Type box in the Hub View to display the Module menu. 2. Drag down to Module Utilities, then across to select the tool you want to launch: a.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View menu allows you to search for a specified MAC address on multiple devices simultaneously; however, if you launch this tool from the Hub View or from the command line, only the hub against which you launch the tool will be searched. To launch the Global Find MAC Address tool from the Hub View: 1. Click on to display the Device menu; note that this menu is the same regardless of the Application Display mode currently in effect. 2.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View c. SMT/MAC Configuration d. SMT Connection Policy e. Station List All of these applications are described in detail in Chapter 4, FDDI Management. Accessing ATM Management For 7C0x SmartSwitches which have a 7A06-01 NIM installed, the Module menu will provide access to the ATM configuration application. To launch this application: 1. Click either mouse button on the Module Index or Module Type box in the Hub View to display the Module menu.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View Figure 2-15. 7C0x SmartSwitch Polling Intervals 3. To activate the desired polling, click mouse button 1 on the selection box to the right of each polling type field. 4. To change a polling interval, highlight the value you would like to change, and enter a new value in seconds. Note that the Use Defaults option must not be selected, or values will revert back to default levels when you click on , and your changes will be ignored. 5.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View Device Configuration This polling interval controls how often a survey is conducted of the type of equipment installed in the 7C0x SmartSwitch hub; information from this poll would change the Hub View to reflect the addition and/or removal of a NIM or NIMs. Port Operational State This polling interval controls the update of the information displayed in the Port Status boxes for each port in the hub.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View 2. Click mouse button 3 on the Port Status box for the Ethernet or FDDI interface whose mode you wish to change. 3. Drag down to Configuration, and release. The Port Configuration window, Figure 2-16, will appear. Figure 2-16. Port Configuration TIP Note that, if you select the Configuration option available for a Fast Ethernet interface, an entirely different window will appear; see Configuring Fast Ethernet Ports, below, for information on configuring these ports.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View Configuring Fast Ethernet Ports If you have any Fast Ethernet NIMs installed in your 7C0x SmartSwitch chassis, the Port Configuration window available for those ports allows you to both view and set that port’s available modes.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View NOTE TIP The Advertised Abilities functionality is not supported by the FE-100FX Fast Ethernet port module; if you launch the Configuration window for one of these modules, the Advertised Abilities section of the window will display No Support, and the Remote Capabilities section will display Unknown. If you launch the window for a port module slot which has no FE module installed, all fields will display either Unknown or No Support.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View ! CAUTION If you choose to select a specific mode of operation (rather than auto-negotiation), you should be sure that the link partner supports the same mode. Otherwise, no link will be achieved. If you select a Full Duplex mode and the link partner supports the same wire speed but not Full Duplex, a link will be achieved, but it will be unstable and will behave erratically.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View • Link Partner does not support auto negotiation — auto negotiation is either not supported by or is not currently selected on the remote port. • Unknown — the link partner’s capabilities could not be determined. When the local node is not set to Auto-Negotiation, this field will remain blank, even if the link partner is set to Auto-Negotiation and is advertising abilities.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View For 100Base-FX ports, options are: 100Base-FX — 100 Mbps connection, Standard Mode 100Base-FX Full Duplex — 100 Mbps connection, Duplex Mode 2. If you have selected Auto Negotiation (for 100Base-TX ports only), use the Advertised Abilities field to select the operational capabilities you wish to advertise to the port’s link partner.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View Figure 2-18. COM Port Configuration Window You can use the COM Port Configuration window to set the following operating parameters: COM Port Admin Use this field to administratively enable or disable the COM port. COM Port Function Use this field to select the function for which you wish to use the COM port: Managing the Hub LM Local Management: select this option if you wish to connect a terminal to the selected COM port from which to run Local Management.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View NOTE Current 7C0x firmware versions support only Local Management and UPS via the COM port; future versions will add SLIP and PPP support. Speed Selection If you have configured the selected port as a SLIP or PPP connection, you must select the appropriate baud rate: 2400, 4800, 9600, 19,200, or Auto-Baud. Note that this field will default to Auto-Baud and become unselectable when the COM Port Function is set to LM or UPS.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View 3. A window will appear asking you to confirm your selection; click on OK to continue the enable or disable process, or on Cancel to cancel. When you disable bridging at a port interface, you disconnect that port’s network segment from the bridge entirely. The port does not forward any packets, nor does it participate in Spanning Tree operations.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Hub View 2-40 Managing the Hub
Chapter 3 Basic Alarm Configuration Creating alarms; assigning events and actions; viewing an alarm log Through the RMON Alarm and Event functionality supported by your 7C0x SmartSwitch, you can configure some basic alarm thresholds for each available bridge port interface; you can also define a response to each alarm condition.
Basic Alarm Configuration Launching the Basic Alarm Application You can access the Basic Alarm application in one of two ways: from the Hub View: 1. If necessary, put the Hub View into the Interface Application Display mode (click either mouse button on the Module Index or Module Type box to display the Module menu, drag down to Application Display, then right to select Interface). 2.
Basic Alarm Configuration Figure 3-1. Basic Alarm Configuration Viewing Alarm Status The Basic Alarm Configuration window, Figure 3-1, contains all the fields you need to configure one or more of the three alarms available for each interface installed in your 7C0x SmartSwitch hub: In Octets Kb — Total Errors — Broadcast/Multicast Use these fields at the top of the window to change the alarm type whose status is displayed in the list box.
Basic Alarm Configuration The available alarm variables are: TIP • In Octets Kb (ifInOctets) — tracks the number of octets of data received by the selected interface. Note that this value has been converted for you from octets (or bytes) to kilobytes (or units of 1000 bytes); be sure to enter your thresholds accordingly. For example, to set a rising threshold of 5000 octets, enter a threshold value of 5; to set a falling threshold of 1000 octets, enter a threshold value of 1.
Basic Alarm Configuration TIP Current versions of the Basic Alarm Configuration application do not provide a means for viewing any alarm logs you choose to create; if you wish to use the Log option, you can view the associated log via the MIBTree or any similar SNMP-based tool. See Viewing an Alarm Log, page 3-10, for details. Trap Indicates whether or not each alarm has been configured to issue a trap in response to a rising or falling alarm condition: Yes if it has, No if it hasn’t.
Basic Alarm Configuration TIP Before you decided whether or not to assign an action to a rising or falling alarm, it is important to understand something about the hysteresis function built in to the RMON alarm functionality. See How Rising and Falling Thresholds Work, below, for more information. The remainder of the window fields provide the means for configuring alarms for each available interface.
Basic Alarm Configuration Configuring an Alarm The editable fields at the bottom of the Basic Alarm Configuration window allow you to configure alarm parameters for each available interface.
Basic Alarm Configuration 5. If you have selected the Trap option in the Alarm field, the Community field will become active; any value you enter here will be included in any trap messages. Your trap utility may use this community name as a means of filtering traps, or as a means of directing traps within the management platform; if it does not, you need not enter a value into this field. A value of “public” will be assigned by default. 6.
Basic Alarm Configuration To configure additional alarms, or alarms of a different type, select the appropriate alarm variable at the top of the window, highlight the appropriate interface(s), and repeat the procedures outlined above. Disabling an Alarm Using the button at the bottom of the window actually performs two functions: it both disables the alarm and deletes the alarm entry (and its associated event and action entries) from device memory to help conserve device resources.
Basic Alarm Configuration Viewing an Alarm Log The ability to create a log of alarm events is provided by the Event group of the RMON MIB. If you have selected the Log option for any of your alarms, and you wish to view the resulting log, you can do so by using MIBTree or any similar SNMP-based MIB tool to query the RMON MIB’s logTable.
Basic Alarm Configuration logTime Displays the value of the 7C0x’s sysUpTime when the alarm instance occurred (in timeticks by default, but perhaps converted by your MIB utility into days hours:minutes:seconds format). You can compare this value to the device’s current sysUpTime to get a general idea when the alarm condition occurred.
Basic Alarm Configuration 3-12 Viewing an Alarm Log
Chapter 4 FDDI Management Using the FDDI utilities to manage FDDI modules: port configuration, alarm configuration, SMT/MAC configuration, configuring the connection policy, and viewing the station list The Module menu FDDI Utilities selections allow you to monitor and manage the FDDI interfaces installed in your 7C0x SmartSwitch hub.
FDDI Management NOTES Each of the FDDI applications available for your 7C0x SmartSwitch can be launched either from within the Hub View or from the command line; note, however, that when an application is launched from the command line, it cannot perform the same kind of port mapping the Hub View can provide, so all port indexing will be handled based on SMT index and port physical index, rather than by front panel index (FP 1 or FP 2) and port type (A or B). All other functionality is identical.
FDDI Management Figure 4-1. Port Configuration Window The Port Configuration window displays the following information: SMT Index Displays the index number of the Station Management (SMT) entity to which each port is attached. Each FDDI NIM module has two SMT entities — one for each front panel interface.
FDDI Management State Displays a value that indicates the port’s connection status. There are four possible connection states: • Connecting –– the port is trying to establish a link, but has not yet been successful. Ports which are not connected and which have not been disabled by management will display this status. • Active –– the port has been enabled by management and has successfully established a link with its downstream neighbor.
FDDI Management Enabling or Disabling FDDI Ports You can enable or disable ports individually or as a group, as follows: 1. Highlight the appropriate port or ports in the scroll list. You can select or de-select any ports by clicking on them, or you can use the Scope field: if you select All Ports, all available ports will be automatically selected; if you select Single Port, only the port last selected will remain selected (or all ports will be de-selected, allowing you to select one).
FDDI Management Viewing the FDDI Port Chart To view the FDDI Port Chart window, highlight an entry in the scroll list and click . The FDDI Port Chart window, Figure 4-3, will appear. Figure 4-3. FDDI Port Chart Window The FDDI Port Chart window displays the following information about the selected port or ports, in both numeric and graphical format: LEM Count The LEM (Link Error Monitor) Count displays the number of times each port’s Link Error Monitor has detected a link error.
FDDI Management Changing the Measurement of Data Measurement fields located at the bottom of the FDDI Port Chart window allow you to change how the incoming data is measured: • Absolute –– displays the chart variable values recorded in the device MIB counters. • Delta –– displays the difference in value for the selected data between the current poll interval and the last interval. • Cumulative –– displays the total since the Cumulative button was selected.
FDDI Management Estimate can range from 10-4 to 10-15, but is always displayed as the absolute value of the exponent; for example, if the port’s LER Estimate is computed to be 10-5, the value displayed in the Port Status box will be 5, which represents an actual rate of 1,250 bit errors per second. The lower LER Estimate numbers represent the highest bit error rates.
FDDI Management Alarm Configuration The Alarm Configuration application allows you to set the LER Alarm and LER Cutoff thresholds for each FDDI interface installed in the SmartSwitch chassis. Once alarms have been configured, a port will enter an alarm state if its LER Estimate exceeds the LER Alarm threshold; if the LER Estimate exceeds the LER Cutoff threshold, the port will be disabled. To open the Alarm Configuration window (Figure 4-5): from the Hub View: 1.
FDDI Management Figure 4-5.
FDDI Management appear. For multiple NIMs, SMT entities will be indexed from left to right in the hub, and from top (front panel port 1) to bottom (front panel port 2) on each module. Port Displays the index number assigned to each port.
FDDI Management LER Cutoff The Link Error Rate (LER) Cutoff field displays the threshold at which a connection is flagged as faulty and the port is disabled by Station Management (SMT). SMT automatically re-enables the port when the error rate falls below the cutoff value. The default LER Cutoff threshold is 7, which represents 12.5 bit errors per second (see the table above).
FDDI Management SMT/MAC Configuration The SMT (Station Management)/MAC (Media Access Control) Configuration window displays information about the configuration of each SMT entity present in the hub, the operating state of the ring to which that entity is attached, the physical state of the A and B ports on each module with respect to their MAC entity, and parameters relating to ring initialization. To open the SMT/MAC Configuration window (Figure 4-7): from the Hub View: 1.
FDDI Management Figure 4-7. SMT/MAC Configuration Window The SMT Configuration portion of the window provides the following information about the current configuration of each SMT entity present in the SmartSwitch chassis: SMT Index Displays the index number of the Station Management (SMT) entity to which each port is attached. Each FDDI NIM module has two SMT entities — one for each front panel interface.
FDDI Management The supported version range is identified with the ietf-fddi MIB by two smtTable attributes: fddimibSMTLoVersionId and fddimibSMTHiVersionId. If a received frame is not within the supported version range, the frame is discarded. MAC Cts Displays the number of Media Access Control (MAC) entities assigned to each SMT entity. Optical Bypass Switch Indicates whether an Optical Bypass Switch is attached to the module’s A and B ports.
FDDI Management The MAC Configuration portion of the window provides the following information about the current configuration of the selected interface’s MAC entity: SMT Displays the index number assigned to the SMT entity. MAC The index number assigned to each MAC entity currently associated with the noted SMT entity. Currently, no more than one MAC can be assigned to each SMT, so this field will always display a 1. MAC Address Displays the factory-set hardware address of each available MAC interface.
FDDI Management TReq (Requested Target Token Rotation Time) Displays the token rotation time bid made by the noted MAC during ring initialization, in milliseconds. T-Req is stored within the MIB in nanoseconds rather than milliseconds; SPMA converts nanoseconds to milliseconds according to the following formula: (snmpFddiMACTReq) divided by 106 = T-Req msec You can use any SNMP Set Request tool to edit the T-Req value; just remember that you must enter your value in nanoseconds, not milliseconds.
FDDI Management Viewing the FDDI MAC Chart To view the FDDI MAC Chart window, highlight an entry in the MAC Configuration scroll list and click . The FDDI MAC Chart window, Figure 4-8, will appear. Figure 4-8. FDDI MAC Chart Window The MAC Chart provides the following information about the selected MAC entity in both numeric and graphical form: Frame Count Displays the total number of frames received by the selected MAC.
FDDI Management Lost Count Displays the number of MAC PDUs (Protocol Data Units include both tokens and frames) that contain an unknown error, so their validity is in doubt. When the MAC encounters a frame of this type, it increments the Lost Frame counter and strips the remainder of the frame from the ring, replacing it with idle symbols.
FDDI Management The FDDI MAC Meters window graphically and numerically displays the following statistics: Frame Rate Displays the total FDDI network activity, measured in frames per second. The Frame Rate includes frames, but not tokens. Frame Error Rate Displays the total number of MAC Frame errors detected by the module, measured in frames per second.
FDDI Management Configuring the SMT Connection Policy The SMT Connection Policy of an FDDI concentrator determines which types of connections are allowed among the four FDDI port types: A, B, M (Master), and S (Slave). FDDI protocol forbids Master—>Master connections; all other connection types are legal, although some are considered to be undesirable. To open the SMT Connection Policy window: from the Hub View: 1.
FDDI Management Figure 4-10. SMT Connection Policy Window FDDI Connection Rules By default, all connections are allowed except the illegal M—>M connection; the following table summarizes the FDDI connection rules: Table 4-1.
FDDI Management Each interface controls only its own connection policy; however, when two interfaces attempt to connect, their combined connection policies dictate the connections that will be allowed, with the most lenient policy prevailing — in other words, all connections (except for the illegal M—>M connection) are allowed unless forbidden by both connecting nodes.
FDDI Management 2. In the Scope field, click on the selection button to select the front panel interface (FP) or SMT entity for which you wish to configure connection policy. (Remember, if you launch from the command line, front panel designations will not appear, and each interface will be indexed by SMT only.) Changes will only be applied to those ports associated with the front panel interface or SMT entity which is listed in the Scope field when is selected. 3. Click on to put your policy into effect.
FDDI Management Figure 4-11. The Station List Window Note that the information displayed in the Station List window is static once the window is opened; for updated information, click mouse button 1 on . Also, note the scroll bar located to the right of the list window; use it to view additional stations, if necessary. The total number of MAC entities (which may or may not equal the number of devices or stations) on the listed ring is displayed at the bottom of the window.
FDDI Management Upstream MAC Displays the hardware address of the node’s nearest upstream neighbor. Note that the addresses displayed in this field also respond to any change in display mode from MSB to Canonical, or vice versa. Vendor Displays the name of the vendor that manufactured the device, as determined by the first three bytes of the MAC address. Node Class Indicates the node type: either station or concentrator.
FDDI Management normally in a twisted condition, but the station with both an A—>A and B—>B connection is isolated from the primary ring and residing alone on the secondary ring. B-B Twisted, Wrapped Unknown Viewing the Station List The ring is twisted due to the node’s B—>B connection, as above; in addition, the ring is wrapped, bringing any node isolated by the twist back into contact with the stations on the main ring. SPMA is unable to determine the node’s topology state.
FDDI Management 4-28 Viewing the Station List
Chapter 5 ATM Configuration Configuring Permanent Virtual Circuits (PVCs); adding and deleting connection entries The ATM interface available via the 7A06-01 NIM module provides the connectivity that allows you to merge ATM network segments with traditional LAN technologies via the SmartSwitch chassis backplane. Current versions of 7A06-01 firmware use 802.
ATM Configuration NOTES The spmarun script invoked first in the above command temporarily sets the environment variables SPMA needs to operate; be sure to use this command any time you launch an application from the command line. This script is automatically invoked when you launch an application from within the Hub View. If you wish to configure or delete any PVCs from the ATom MIB window, be sure to use a community name with at least Read/Write access.
ATM Configuration The remainder of the window contains a list box which displays the following information about each of the currently configured PVCs; use the scroll bar to the right of the list to view additional connections, if necessary: Interface The device interface on which the PVC was configured.
ATM Configuration Encaps Displays the method used to encapsulate LAN packets on the selected circuit. Current versions of 7A06-01 firmware use 802.3 VC-based multiplexing for bridging protocols (designated 802.3); future versions will add support for ATM Forum LAN Emulation and Cabletron’s SecureFast Switching. Status Displays the current administrative status of the connection: Up (enabled) or Down (disabled). In current versions of firmware, all connections are enabled by default, and cannot be disabled.
ATM Configuration SmartSwitch chassis, use this field to enter the interface number for which you wish to configure a new circuit. (Remember, each pair of redundant interfaces shares a single IF index.) 3. In the VPI text box, enter the Virtual Path Identifier you wish to assign to this connection. Allowable values are 0 to 3; remember, the VPI you assign will be used to group virtual connections, allowing for channel trunking between ATM switches. 4.
ATM Configuration 5-6 Configuring Connections
Chapter 6 Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Bridge View A brief explanation of bridging methods; a tour of the Bridge Traffic View; using the Detail View; monitoring bridge operation; using the Filtering Database; configuring bridge operating parameters; setting forwarding thresholds, statistics, and notification options; setting polling parameters; enabling and disabling bridge interfaces The SPECTRUM Portable Management Application (SPMA) Bridge View presents a series of windows that describe the bridging serv
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Bridge View Transparent Bridging Transparent bridges are most common in Ethernet networks. Individual Transparent bridges monitor packet traffic on attached network segments to learn their network segment location in terms of which bridge port receives packets originating from a particular station (determined via the packet’s Source Address field). This information gets stored in the bridge’s Filtering Database.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Bridge View The Bridge Traffic View is the heart of the Bridge application. The first window to appear when you start the Bridge application, it contains a status display of the device’s bridge ports and contains the buttons and menus that provide access to all bridge monitoring and management functions. Navigating Through the Bridge Traffic View Within the Bridge Traffic View, you can click mouse buttons in different areas of the window to initiate management tasks.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Bridge View Bridge Traffic View Front Panel The right side of the Bridge Traffic View displays device summary information: Contact Status Contact Status is a color code that shows the status of the connection between SPMA and the device: • Green means a valid connection. • Blue means that SPMA is trying to reach the device but doesn’t yet know if the connection will be successful. • Red means that SPMA has lost contact with the device.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Bridge View MAC Address The factory-set MAC hardware address assigned to me 7X00 Controller module’s backplane (or Host) interfaces. (Note that these two internal interfaces share a MAC address.) Clicking on the Device button displays the Device menu.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Bridge View The Bridge Port Display Each Bridge Port box in the Bridge Traffic View displays information about its corresponding bridge port. The Bridge Port boxes are color-coded, reflecting their current status. Bridge Port boxes for disabled bridge ports are colored blue. Enabled bridge ports are colored green, yellow, or red, depending on the range in which the traffic volume through that port falls.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Bridge View The Frames display mode shows the following Bridge Port information: • Frms In—Displays the total number of frames, including BPDU frames, received at this bridge port from its attached network segment during the last polling interval. • Frms Out—Displays the total number of frames, including BPDU frames, transmitted or forwarded through this port to its attached network segment during the last polling interval.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Bridge View Learning The port is processing BPDUs, but is not yet relaying packets. The port is adding address information to the Filtering Database. Forwarding A port enters this state from the Learning state. The port is relaying frames and processing BPDUs. A port in this state can enter the Disabled state via by management action. Broken If the port is malfunctioning, this value will display in the State field.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Bridge View Figure 6-3.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Bridge View Each port shows the total frames transmitted and received by the port. Port summary information includes Port Index (at the top of the Bridge Port box), Port Status, Bridge Port State, and Frames Forwarded.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Bridge View The Bridge Status Window You can set or change the device time, date, name, or location—all of which display in the Bridge Traffic View Front Panel—in the Bridge Status window. The Contact field is the only Bridge Status window field not displayed in the Bridge Traffic View Front Panel. Use the Contact box to record the name and phone number of the person responsible for the device. To set or change information for any of the Bridge Status window fields: 1.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Bridge View Figure 6-6. Bridge Statistics Window The Bridge Statistics window displays the following information: Bridging Type Type refers to the type of bridging supported by the bridge. • • unknown transparent-only Total Ports Shows the total number of bridge ports installed in the 7C0x SmartSwitch chassis. Port Displays each port’s index number. IfIndex Interface index; a unique value for each network (interface) to which this port connects.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Bridge View MtuExceedDiscard Mtu stands for “maximum transfer unit”; it is the largest frame size that can be processed by the 7C0x SmartSwitch. A port discards any received frames that are larger than the Mtu; this field lists how many such frames were discarded. The information in the Bridge Statistics window is a snapshot of the data. When you open the Bridge Statistics window, the application polls the devices for information.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Bridge View Viewing the Filtering Database To open the Filtering Database window: 1. Display the Device menu by clicking on the Front Panel button. 2. Drag down to Filtering Database, and release. 3. At the top of the Filtering Database window, click mouse button 1 on the appropriate selection box to view either the Forwarding or Static database. Click mouse button 1 on the type of entry you want to display, either Forwarding or Static. Figure 6-7.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Bridge View Learned Entry Discards The number of database entries that never made it into the Filtering Database due to a lack of buffer space. Ideally, this number should be 0. If this number grows, it indicates a very busy network. A value other than 0 is acceptable as long as it isn’t increasing, indicating that the lack of buffer space is sometimes causing problems, but that the condition is not persistent.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Bridge View Destination Port Displays the port or ports to which frames that have the specified source address and were received on the specified port or ports will be forwarded. Note that packets with the specified source address received on the specified port or ports will be blocked from any ports not listed in this field.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Bridge View The Ageing Time determines how long a Forwarding entry (or a Static entry with deleteOnTimeout status) is retained before being discarded due to inactivity. Use the Change Ageing Time button to set a new Ageing Time; see the following section for details. Use the Find button to search the Filtering Database for a specific MAC address; see Finding a Filtering Database MAC Address, page 6-20. The Filtering Database window shows a snapshot of the database.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Bridge View Changing Forwarding and Static Database Entries The only entries that can be changed or deleted in the Filtering Database are static entries. If the entry you wish to change or delete is a forwarding entry, you must add it to the Static Table. The Static Table (Figure 6-9) is used to change a forwarding entry to a static or permanent entry, or make changes to existing static entries. To open the Static Table window: 1.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Bridge View Static Address The Static Address field will display the MAC address of the entry you highlighted in the Filtering Database window. If no entry was selected, the address field will contain zeros, and a valid MAC address may be entered. Receive Port The Receive Port list box specifies the port on which packets from the specified static address must be received in order for the static database entry to apply.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Bridge View Finding a Filtering Database MAC Address To find a source address in the Filtering Database: 1. In the Filtering Database window, click on the Find MAC Address window. button to open the or In the Bridge Traffic View, display the Device menu by clicking on the Front Panel button. Drag down to Find MAC Address. 2. In the edit box, enter a valid MAC address and then press the Return key.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Bridge View The Spanning Tree Protocol window displays information used by the network bridges to select the Root Bridge and parameters that affect the bridge’s participation in Spanning Tree operations. To open the Spanning Tree Protocol window: 1. Click on the Front Panel button. 2. Drag down to Spanning Tree and release. Figure 6-11.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Bridge View ! All bridges in a network must use the same Spanning Tree version. Mixing Spanning Tree Algorithm protocols will cause an unstable network. CAUTION Designated Root This value represents the bridge that is the current Root Bridge as determined by the STA. The Designated Root value consists of the configurable portion of the bridge ID (i.e.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Bridge View Hello Time Indicates, in seconds, the length of time the Root Bridge, or bridge attempting to become the Root, waits before resending a Configuration BPDU. The Root Bridge determines the Hello Time. Priority The Spanning Tree Algorithm assigns each bridge a unique identifier, which is derived from the individual port’s MAC address and its priority as determined by the Spanning Tree Algorithm or your setting.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Bridge View Root Forward Delay The Forward Delay (in seconds) that will be implemented by this bridge if it is the Root or becomes the Root. (The Root Bridge in the network sets the Forward Delay for all bridges in the Spanning Tree network.) The IEEE 802.1d specification recommends that Forward Delay = 15 seconds, with an allowable range of 4 to 30 seconds. TIP To ensure proper operation of the Spanning Tree Algorithm, the IEEE 802.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Bridge View The Spanning Tree Port Parameters Window The Spanning Tree Algorithm ensures that only a single bridge path exists between any two end stations in a network designed with multiple bridges placed in parallel; it also ensures that on any given bridge, only one port path exists between the bridge and any one network segment.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Bridge View Figure 6-12. Spanning Tree Port Parameters Window Designated Cost The cost of the path from this port to the Root Bridge on the network. If the highlighted port is the Root Port, the Designated Cost is 0. If this bridge is the Root Bridge, all its bridge ports have a Designated Cost of 0. This value is compared to the Root Path Cost field in received configuration BPDUs.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Bridge View Designated Port The Port ID of the port on the Designated Bridge for this port’s segment. The Designated Port is the bridge port that offers the lowest path cost to the Root Bridge. Forward Transitions The number of times this port has moved from the Learning state to the Forwarding state since the device was started or since it was last reset. Changing a Port’s STA Parameters To change a port’s Priority or Path Cost: 1.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Bridge View Figure 6-13. Pie Chart Window For complete descriptions of chart, graph, and meter variables and details on how to create and control a pie chart, graph or meter, see the chapter on charts, graphs and meters in the SPMA Tools Guide. NOTE Graphing capabilities are provided by an application that is included in HP Network Node Manager and IBM NetView; therefore, graphs are only available when SPMA is run in conjunction with one of these network management platforms.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Bridge View Indicates the port from which the Statistics window was opened. The two windows show forwarding activity between the selected port and each of the other bridge ports. Port summary statistics. The Frame Type Breakdown button is only available for bridges performing Source Routing. Figure 6-14.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Bridge View The four statistics shown beneath the list boxes are the port summary statistics, which consist of: Total Frames Forwarded The total number of frames forwarded through the bridge to another segment. Total Frames Received The number of frames, of all types, received at the port. Total Frames Transmitted The number of Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDUs) transmitted by the bridge. Total Frames Filtered The total number of frames not forwarded through the bridge.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Bridge View A traffic level is the specified value of forwarded frames as a percentage of total received frames. You can specify traffic levels that define the boundary between the low and medium ranges and between the medium and high ranges. When SPMA polls the device and detects that the percentage of forwarded frames has moved into a new range, heading either up or down, the notification options and conditions in use for that port take place. Figure 6-15.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Bridge View 2. In the Modify Range section of the Forwarding Thresholds window, you can edit the line that displays the high end of the Low and Mid ranges, or you can use the slide bars to specify the thresholds. You can also assign a color to each of the three ranges. The Bridge Port boxes on the Bridge Traffic View will be colored according to the settings made here (i.e.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Bridge View 4. Notification Conditions make your Notification Options subject to defined conditions: a. If you check the In—Out—In box, notification takes place when the threshold passes from one range to another and then back. The number in the Delay box specifies the number of times this transition is to take place before notification is launched. The Current box counts down the transitions. b.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Bridge View Figure 6-16. Sample Forwarding Log Window To select a different Bridge Port log: 1. Use the slide bar at the top of the Forwarding Log window to select a different port. To clear all logs or just the current log: 1. Click on the Clear button and then select the appropriate choice, either Current Log or All Logs. To change the number of entries retained by the log: 1. Highlight the Max Number line, type a new number and press Return on the keyboard.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Bridge View To save log files: 1. Click on the Save button and select either Current Log or All Logs to open the Save Log window. 2. In the Save Log window, enter a file name for the file to be saved and then click on the OK button. The default directory for saved log files is the current directory. To specify a different directory, include the path name with the log file name. To disable the Forwarding Log of all bridge ports or individual bridge ports: 1.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Bridge View You can change values for the following polling interval fields: Device Info Specifies the time, in seconds, that SPMA waits before updating the Front Panel information (Uptime, Location, and so forth) in the Bridge Traffic View. Bridge Port Display Info Specifies the time, in seconds, that SPMA waits before updating statistical and status information in the Bridge Traffic View port display boxes.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Bridge View When you disable a Transparent bridge port, the port’s display box turns blue. When you enable a Transparent bridge port, the port’s color changes to indicate the forwarding threshold range. (Port color codes are only active if the Color box is selected in the Forwarding Thresholds window. Color codes are on by default.
Using the 7C0x SmartSwitch Bridge View 6-38 Enabling and Disabling Ports
Appendix A 7C0x SmartSwitch MIB Structure 7C0x SmartSwitch management information base configuration IETF MIB Support In addition to its proprietary features, the 7C0x SmartSwitch currently supports the following IETF MIBs: • RFC 1213 MIB for Network Management of TCP/IP-based Internets: MIB-II • RFC 1493 Definitions of Managed Objects for Bridges • RFC 1512 FDDI Management Information Base • RFC 1757 Remote Network Monitoring MIB 7C0x SmartSwitch MIB Structure Cabletron’s newer intelligent device
7C0x SmartSwitch MIB Structure depending on which functionality the device has been configured to use. To see which MIB components are currently being used in your 7C0x SmartSwitch, bring up the Community Names application, or use any SNMP Get operation that will allow you to view the contents of the contLogicalEntryTable.
7C0x SmartSwitch MIB Structure RMON Default The RMON, or Remote Network Monitoring, Default MIB component contains the statistics, history, alarm, and event groups from the RMON MIB (RFC 1757). This component is shipped in an inactive state, and can be activated and deactivated as necessary.
7C0x SmartSwitch MIB Structure Newer versions of devices with this component-based MIB architecture — like the 7C0x SmartSwitch — have been simplified somewhat; these devices support a single, global set of community names, with small modifications added automatically to accommodate multiple instances of the same MIB component (where necessary). Again, defining your device icon or launching a management application with one of these global community names gives SPMA access to all MIB information.
Index Numerics 7C0x MIB components A-2 7C0x SmartSwitch family 1-1 7C03 MMAC SmartSwitch 1-1 7C04 Workgroup SmartSwitch 1-1 7C04-R Workgroup SmartSwitch 1-1 NIM modules 1-1 7C0x SmartSwitch firmware versions 1-8 A AAL Type 5-3 Add to Static Table button 6-18 Admin button 6-6 Admin status Bridge 2-13 FDDI 2-8 Switch 2-11 Ageing Time 6-14, 6-17 Alarm Configuration (FDDI) 2-27 alarm log 3-4 alarm parameters (default) 3-9 alarmSampleType 3-11 ATM 5-1 ATM Adaptation Layer 5-3 ATM_MIB A-2 atmcfg 5-1 auto-negoti
Index connection rules 4-22 Contact Status 2-3, 6-4 contLogicalEntryTable 3-2 CRC/Alignment errors 2-19 Current box 6-33 D decLb100 6-21 Delay box 6-33 DelayExceedDiscard 6-12 deleteOnReset entry status 6-16, 6-19 deleteOnTimeout entry status 6-16, 6-19 Delta button 6-7, 6-8 delta values 3-5, 3-8 Designated Bridge 6-20, 6-26 Designated Cost 6-26 Designated Port 6-20, 6-27 Designated Root 6-22, 6-26 Destination Ports 6-16 Detail View 6-8 Change Menu 6-10 port summary information 6-10 Device button bridge 6
Index hostname 2-2, 6-2 how rising and falling thresholds work 3-6 hysteresis 3-6 I IETF MIBs, supported by EMM-E6 A-1 IF Number 3-4 IF Type 3-4 IfIndex 6-12 ifInErrors 3-4 ifInOctets 3-4 In Octets Kb 3-3 Info button bridge 6-5 In—Out—In box 6-33 Interface display mode 2-6 Interface Number 2-17 invalid entry status 6-15 IP address 2-3, 6-4 IP Services A-2 J Jabbers 2-19 L Learned Entry Discards 6-15 learned entry status 6-15 LEM Count 4-6, 4-12 LEM Rate 4-8 LEM Reject Count 4-6 LEM Reject Rate 4-8 LER A
Index Path Tool 2-26 Percentage button 6-7, 6-8 permanent entry status 6-16, 6-19 Permanent Virtual Circuits (PVCs) 5-1 Pie Chart tool accessing 6-27 Polling Intervals 2-4, 2-28, 3-5 editing 6-36 Port Changing Path Cost 6-27 Changing Priority 6-27 Designated 6-27 Designated Cost 6-26 Path Cost 6-25 Port Configuration (FDDI) 2-27 Port Display Form 2-5 Port Index 2-5, 4-3, 4-11 Port Number 3-4 Port State 4-4 Port Status 2-5 Port Type FDDI 2-9 Interface 2-17 Switch 2-12 PortCircuit 6-12 Priority 6-23 Priority
Index Trap 3-5 Trap Table 1-4, 2-26 U unique community names A-3 unused resources 3-9 UPS 1-4 configuration tool 2-27 Uptime 6-4 V VC MUX 802.
Index Index-6
