TOKEN RING SWITCH MODULE (3T02-04 AND 3T01-04) USER GUIDE QUAD IEEE 802.5 TOKEN RING (STP) OFFLINE OFFLINE 9031875-01 RING 1 RX ST RING 2 RX ST RING 3 RX ST RING 4 RX ST PROC TX 16 TX 16 TX 16 TX 16 PWR RING 1 RX ST RING 2 RX ST RING 3 RX ST TX 16 TX 16 TX 16 QUAD IEEE 802.
NOTICE Cabletron Systems reserves the right to make changes in specifications and other information contained in this document without prior notice. The reader should in all cases consult Cabletron Systems to determine whether any such changes have been made. The hardware, firmware, or software described in this manual is subject to change without notice.
Notice FCC NOTICE This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. NOTE: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules.
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CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Document Conventions ............................................................... 1-2 1.2 Related Manuals.......................................................................... 1-3 1.3 Getting Help................................................................................. 1-3 1.4 General Description..................................................................... 1-4 1.5 Standards ............................................................................
Contents CHAPTER 5 DIAGNOSTICS AND TROUBLESHOOTING 5.1 Power-up Diagnostics ..................................................................5-1 5.1.1 Power-up Tests ...............................................................5-1 5.1.2 Power-up Results ............................................................5-2 5.2 Operational Diagnostics ...............................................................5-2 5.2.1 Loopback Tests ...............................................................5-2 5.2.
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION This manual is for system administrators responsible for configuring, monitoring and maintaining the ATX. It should be used with the ATX User Guide and the ATX MIB User Guide. The contents of each chapter are described below. • Chapter 1, Introduction, provides general descriptions of the modules. • Chapter 2, Connecting to the Network, describes how to physically attach the modules to a Token Ring network.
Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 DOCUMENT CONVENTIONS The following conventions are used in presenting information in this manual: Commands, prompts, and information displayed by the computer appear in Courier typeface: Current Number of Station Addresses: 5 Current Number of Learned Addresses: 133 Number of Defined Filters: 4 Information that you enter appears in Courier bold typeface: ATX >status Information that you need to enter with a command is enclosed in angle brackets <>.
Related Manuals 1.2 RELATED MANUALS You may need to refer to the following documentation when you are using a Token Ring module: • ATX User Guide – contains installation and configuration instructions for the ATX. • ATX MIB Reference Guide – contains Cabletron’s enterprise MIB. If you need internetworking reference material, you may find the following books helpful: • Interconnections, Bridges and Routers, Radia Perlman, Addison Wesley 1992.
Chapter 1: Introduction 1.4 GENERAL DESCRIPTION Cabletron Systems 3T01-04 and 3T01-02 modules connect the ATX to a 4 or 16 Mbps Token Ring network. The modules enable connectivity to FDDI, Ethernet, and Token Ring Networks, and can be configured to support Transparent Spanning Tree, Source Route, or Source Routing Transparent Bridging. The ATX is also able to translate higher level protocols to allow communication between end-user devices on Token Ring and end-user devices on FDDI or Ethernet.
OFFLINE S S s B RING 2 RX ST RING 3 RX ST TX 16 TX 16 TX 16 RING 1 RX ST RING 2 RX ST RING 3 RX ST bp G 1.6 U S QUAD IEEE 802.5 TOKEN RING (STP) RING 4 RX ST PROC TX 16 PWR QUAD IEEE 802.5 TOKEN RING (UTP) RING 4 RX ST PROC TX 16 TX 16 TX 16 TX 16 PWR RING 1 RX ST RING 2 RX ST RING 3 RX ST QUAD IEEE 802.
Chapter 1: Introduction 1.7 LEDs Each Token Ring module provides 18 green LEDs for troubleshooting and status monitoring. For each of the four Ring ports there are four LEDs labeled RX, TX, ST, and 16. Additionally there are two module LEDs labeled PROC and PWR. The LEDs are described in Chapter 5 of this manual.
CHAPTER 2 CONNECTING TO THE NETWORK 2.1 INTRODUCTION Installation of a Token Ring network typically requires more planning and explicit configuration than does a transparently-bridged Ethernet network. This chapter provides reference material and instructions that network administrators can use to configure the Token Ring modules. For instructions on adding a Token Ring module to the ATX, see Chapter 6, Adding/Swapping Modules. 2.2 POWER-UP LED SEQUENCE Power up the ATX and observe the LED sequence.
Chapter 2: Connecting to the Network 2.3 TYPICAL CONFIGURATIONS Physical connectivity to a Token Ring network is provided by either shielded twisted pair (STP) or unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cabling that connects the Token Ring module to a Hub. Each Token Ring switch module provides only one kind of connector, either four DB9 connectors for STP cabling or four RJ45 connectors for UTP cabling. 2.
Connecting the Token Ring Module to a Hub Refer to the Hub manufacturer’s manual for specific cabling information for connecting workstations to the Hub. To connect the Token Ring module to a UTP Hub, attach one end of a UTP cable to the Token Ring module’s RJ45 connector and connect the other end with the appropriate connector to any port except the Ring In or Ring Out ports on a UTP Hub. The Ring In/Ring Out ports are used for interconnecting Hubs. Refer to the example shown in Figure 2-1.
Chapter 2: Connecting to the Network To connect to an STP MAU, attach the DB9 end of a Token Ring adapter cable to the Token Ring module’s DB9 connector. Attach the Media Interface Connector (MIC), on the other end of the cable, to any port except the Ring-In or Ring-Out ports on a STP MAU. The Ring-In/ Ring-Out ports are used for interconnecting MAUs. Refer to the example shown in Figure 2-2. OFFLINE RI Figure 2-2 Page 2-4 RING 1 RX ST RING 2 RX ST RING 3 RX ST TX 16 TX 16 TX 16 QUAD IEEE 802.
CHAPTER 3 CONFIGURING 3.1 INTRODUCTION You can configure the Token Ring module using the Local Console Manager (LCM), which allows you to monitor, manage, and configure your ATX through an out-of-band RS-232 connection. You can also use any SNMP compliant network management system. For more details about LCM, see your ATX User Guide. For details about the other network management software, refer to the product’s documentation.
Chapter 3: Configuring maintained in non-volatile memory and are saved across power cycles. Filtering information is covered in the ATX User Guide. NOTE Once the Token Ring module is installed in the ATX, the ring speed must be configured prior to connecting the module to a network. The default ring speed is 4 Mbps; the ring speed only needs to be configured if your network is running at 16 Mbps.
Setting the Ring Speed 3.4 SETTING THE RING SPEED Before the Token Ring module can be connected to a network, the ring speed must be set. Token Ring signaling takes place at either 4 or 16 Mbps. The default setting is for 4 Mbps. All stations on the same ring must operate at the same speed. ! CAUTION A single station configured to the wrong speed may bring down the entire ring, therefore, the ATX should be configured to the appropriate speed before physically connecting it to the network.
Chapter 3: Configuring 3.5.2 Source Routing and SRT Source routing and SRT bridging can be configured from LCM, or from a generic MIB browser. It is necessary to configure: • Bridging method for each port • Segment (ring) number for each port • Bridge number for the ATX as a whole A port must be configured for source routing or SRT before configuring the segment and bridge numbers.
Translation Options 3.5.2.3 Bridge Number The ATX, unlike some multiport source routing bridges, does not impute an internal pseudo-ring, and so its bridge number must be unique on each of the segments to which it is attached. The omission of the pseudo-ring has the advantage of increasing the allowable network diameter by consuming one hop per transit instead of two. Bridge numbers range from 1 to 15 and must be unique between any pair of segments.
Chapter 3: Configuring ATX> translate To display the translations that have been activated for indicated ports, enter translate followed by a Token Ring port range. For example: ATX> translate 2-4 To display the options that are available for the specified translation type, enter: ATX> translate port range translation type Token Ring ports may have any combination of the different translation types.
Translation Options • Oneto6swap – incoming type 6 ARP packets will be converted to type 1 and outgoing type 1 to type 6, with embedded addresses bit swapped. 3.6.2 Source Routing ARP Translation The Source Routing ARP translation options specify when bridging IP ARP packets that are source routing explorer frames, whether the routing information is to be stripped or propagated. The possibilities for option are the following: • Off – no special ARP translation is to be performed.
Chapter 3: Configuring NOTE All Token Ring ports that have IPX translation enabled should always use the same option. To enable the default option for port 5, enter: ATX> translate 5 ipx on To change the default to ethernet2, and change the IPX option to ethernet2 for ports 5 and 6. ATX> translate 6 ipx ethernet2 To change the default to ethernet8022, and change the IPX option to ethernet8022 for ports 5, 6, and 7. ATX> translate 7 ipx ethernet8022 3.6.
Translation Options Ethernet AppleTalk (ELAP) differs from Token Ring AppleTalk (TLAP) in AARP packets and in the use of zone multicast addresses. If so configured, the ATX will translate AARP packets and will exchange zone multicast addresses as needed. NOTE On Token Ring, certain AppleTalk packets are transmitted as source routing explorers. If translation is enabled, the ATX will pass both the original frame and a stripped copy of the frame. This may double the multicast traffic on the Internet.
Chapter 3: Configuring Page 3-10 Token Ring Switch Module User Guide
CHAPTER 4 STATISTICS 4.1 DISPLAYING PORT STATUS Using LCM, you can obtain the status of a specific Token Ring port by typing status . (Type status to display all the ATX port numbers.) A sample display of a Token Ring port status is shown below. ATX >status 7 Port 7 (1st port on module 3) Status Type: 4Mbps 802.
Chapter 4: Statistics • Spanning Tree - the port's Spanning Tree state. This entry shows status only; it is not selectable. The following states apply to Spanning Tree: - Blocking - The port is not currently the designated port to the LAN and is therefore not forwarding any packets. (This means there is another route to that LAN and, since the Spanning Tree protocol does not allow simultaneous redundant paths, this port is blocked.
Displaying Port Status • RX_Q Overflows - number of incoming packets dropped by the port due to a lack of buffers. This entry shows status only; it is not selectable. After a reboot, the ATX tries to automatically re-allocate the Small Buffers among the ports so that the total number of RX_Q Overflows is minimized. • Ring State - either opened, closed, or ring failure. This entry shows status only; it is not selectable. • Ring Status - normally No Problems Detected.
Chapter 4: Statistics - Remove Received - The Token Ring port has removed itself from the ring. All of the counter values are reset to zeros if the ATX is rebooted or if the module housing that port is halted and restarted. NOTE 4.2 MODULE STATISTICS Interface-related statistics are maintained for NMS examination in several portions of the management information base (MIB). These include the “if” portion of MIB II, the bridge MIB[5], the 802.5 MIB, and proprietary MIB entries.
Module Statistics • sifRxSizeErrors - The number of received packets discarded due to size errors. • sifRxHwFCSs - The number of received packets discarded due to FCS errors. • sifTxPackets - The number of transmitted packets divided into five categories. The number of packets in each category is encoded as a series of 4 bytes, which should be converted into a 32 bit counter. The five categories of destination addresses are described in Table 4-1.
Chapter 4: Statistics Page 4-6 Token Ring Switch Module User Guide
CHAPTER 5 DIAGNOSTICS AND TROUBLESHOOTING 5.1 POWER-UP DIAGNOSTICS 5.1.1 Power-up Tests The power-up diagnostics assure that the ATX and all the installed modules are operational. During diagnostic mode, the status LEDs are used differently than during normal operation. When the ATX is powered-up, it automatically senses the installed boards and reassigns port numbers starting with the PPE as port 1.
Chapter 5: Diagnostics and Troubleshooting 5.1.2 Power-up Results After completion of the power-up diagnostic sequence, all status LEDs on the ATX front panel should be on (lit), indicating that the modules have passed the power-up tests. Refer to Table 5-1 for descriptions of the LEDs during normal operation.
Troubleshooting For both types of tests, normal operation is indicated when generated packets are received back (after looping) without errors. For remote loopback tests, the ATX creates LLC Type 1 test packets for LANs and PPP echo-request packets for WANs and UARTs. Both types of loopback tests can be initiated by the NMS, and test results are reported to the NMS. 5.2.
Chapter 5: Diagnostics and Troubleshooting 3. If the sequence is still abnormal: a. Remove the interface module by unscrewing the two retaining screws on the module’s front panel. Pull the module out using the “ears” on the front panel. b. Carefully but firmly press down on all socketed components. c. Re-install the module. Make sure the module is properly seated and tighten the retaining screws. d. Reset the ATX and observe the power-up sequence. 4.
CHAPTER 6 ADDING/SWAPPING MODULES Once you have received your ATX, you may want to add a new module to expand your network bandwidth, replace a module with a module of a different type, or swap a module with another module of the same type. If you are: • Adding a module to a previously vacant slot or to a slot that had a different type of module, refer to the section Adding a Token Ring Switch Module below, for instructions. • Replacing a Token Ring module, refer to Section 6.
Chapter 6: Adding/Swapping Modules If the module you are adding has a different number of ports than the module you are removing, before you can power cycle the ATX you must: • Delete all static addresses • Delete all ARP addresses and IP routing table entries • Delete all filters 1. Make sure the ATX is powered off. 2. Remove the network connections from the module you are going to replace. 3. Loosen the screws at each end of the front panel of the interface module you are going to replace. 4.
Swapping a Module 6.3 SWAPPING A MODULE When swapping identical modules, it is recommended that you remove power from the ATX. However, the module you are replacing must be taken offline first, as described below. 1. Take the module to be replaced offline, either by pressing the OFFLINE button on the module front panel, or by using the Local Console Manager offline command. 2. Remove power from the ATX. 3. Remove the network connections from the module.
Chapter 6: Adding/Swapping Modules Page 6-4 Token Ring Switch Module User Guide
APPENDIX A TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Standards Compliance • IEEE 802.5, 802.2, 802.5m, 802.1(d) • Compatible with IBM Token-Ring environments • IBM Source Routing Protocol Translations • TCP/IP • IPX • AppleTalk Dimensions Length: 30.99 cm (12.2 in) Width: 24.13 cm (9.5 in) Weight: 1.02 Kg (2.
Appendix A: Technical Specifications Connectors • DB9 for STP • RJ45 for UTP LEDs • Power • Module status • Ring speed • Ring status • Receive activity • Transmit activity Bridging Domains • Transparent • Source Routing • Source Routing Transparent Certifications Safety UL 1950, CSA C22.
APPENDIX B BRIDGING METHODS B.1 OVERVIEW Each port of the ATX can be configured for transparent (802.1d) bridging, IBM source routing bridging, or source routing transparent bridging (802.5M). Depending on network topology, it may be desirable to include a mix of these methods within a single ATX. The choice of bridging methods is determined both by end station requirements and by other internetworking equipment. Source routing end stations may use any of the three bridging methods.
Appendix B: Bridging Methods Exit Port Configuration Entry Port Config. SRT SR TST RII SRT (Source Routing Transparent) SR (Source Routing) TST (Transparent Spanning Tree) 0 spanning tree block spanning tree 1 source route source route spanning treea 0 block block block 1 source route block block 0 spanning tree block spanning tree 1 spanning treea block spanning treea a. source address is not learned B.
Source Routing Bridging B.3 SOURCE ROUTING BRIDGING Source routing bridging (SR) is an alternative to transparent or spanning tree bridging, and is widely used in Token Ring networks. The ATX supports source routing bridging on Token Ring LANs, and an enhancement to source routing called SRT on all LANs. With source routing bridging, all networked devices participate in the source routing protocol.
Appendix B: Bridging Methods Source routing workstations need not be configured with route information; instead they discover the best route to a destination through the use of explorer frames. In the Figure B-1 example, station C might first transmit an empty explorer frame. Bridge B would add 43-B-7 as its portion of the route, and then transmit the explorer on all other LANs. When the packet reaches station A, it can reverse the route to send a reply back to C.
Source Routing Transparent Bridging B.4 SOURCE ROUTING TRANSPARENT BRIDGING Source Routing Transparent (SRT) bridging is a method that merges IBM-style source routing with transparent spanning tree bridging. If a route is present in a packet, then the bridge uses it; otherwise the bridge applies transparent learning rules. It represents an attempt by the IEEE standards committee to standardize source routing and correct some shortcomings in source routing (notably multicast transmission).
Appendix B: Bridging Methods Page B-6 Token Ring Switch Module User Guide
INDEX A L Adding modules 6-1 ATX front panel 1-5 LEDs diagnostic 5-2 M B Module statistics Bridging configuring 3-4 domains A-2 method B-1 source routing B-3 SRT 3-4, B-5 transparent B-2 P Port status 4-1 Ports statistics 4-4 Protocol translations A-1 R C Ring speed, setting Certifications A-2 Configurations 2-2 Configuring 3-2 Connectors A-2 Standards compliance 1-5 Statistics module 4-4 port 4-4 Status ports 4-1 STP cabling specifications 2-3 Swapping a module 6-3 Diagnostics LED 5-2 loopba
Index Index-2 Token Ring Switch Module User Guide
