Cabletron Systems ISDN Router CSX100 Series User Guide
ii ISDN Router
First Edition (September 1998) Published by: Cabletron Systems 35 Industrial Way Rochester, NH 03867 U.S.A. Internet Web Site: http://www.cabletron.com COPYRIGHT Cabletron Systems provides this publication “as is” without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. All rights reserved.
Software License Agreement and Warranties SOFTWARE LICENSE AGREEMENT AND WARRANTIES License Agreement This product contains certain Software (computer programs, firmware and media) the use of which are subject to this license agreement. If you do not agree with all the terms, you must return this product, all manuals and documentation, and proof of payments, to the place you obtained them for a full refund within 30 days of first acquiring this product.
EXCEPT FOR THE WARRANTY SET FORTH HEREIN, MANUFACTURER DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THE PRODUCTS, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Hardware and Software Limitations Cabletron Systems does not warrant that the Software will be free from error or will meet your specific requirements. You assume complete responsibility for decisions made or actions taken based on information obtained using the Software.
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Part 15 CLASS B Statement Section 15.105(b) of the Code of Federal Regulations Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant of Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation.
Industry Canada CS03 Statement NOTICE: The Industry Canada label identifies certified equipment. This certification means that the equipment meets certain telecommunications network protective, operational and safety requirements as prescribed in the appropriate Terminal Equipment Technical Requirements document (s). The Department does not guarantee the equipment will operate to the user’s satisfaction.
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Table of Contents Introduction About the Router About This Book How This Guide is Organized References Typographic Conventions 1 1 2 2 3 3 Chapter 1. ISDN and Ordering Issues ISDN Concepts Basic Rate Interface ISDN Line (U.S. only) Network Terminator ISDN Wires Configurations SPIDs and Directory Numbers Telephone Switch Parameters How to Order your ISDN Line 5 5 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 Chapter 2.
Step 1. Connect and log into the Target Router Step 2. Target Router’s System Settings Step 3. Target Router’s ISDN Settings Step 4. Remote Routers Database Step 5. General Bridging and Routing Controls Step 6. Store the Configuration Step 7. Reboot the Router and PC Step 8. Verify the Router Configuration Step 9. Disconnect from the Router Sample Configuration Sample Network Diagram Sample Network Information Worksheets Names and Passwords Example x 39 40 44 46 56 57 58 58 60 61 62 63 66 Chapter 5.
SNMP Options 90 Chapter 7. Router Feature Descriptions IEEE 802.3 Ethernet Point-To-Point Protocol (PPP) PAP and CHAP Security ISDN Telephone Switch Support Bridging and Routing Bridging Routing Bridging and Routing IEEE 802.
ISDN Q.931 Cause Values History Log Using LEDs How to Obtain Technical Support 109 110 111 111 Appendix A. Changing Configuration Switches Configuration Switches Settings 113 113 Appendix B. Subnetwork Tables 114 Appendix C. Network Information Worksheets 115 Appendix D. Accessing the Command Line Interface (CLI) Why use the Command Line Interface? Non-Windows platforms (Macintosh, UNIX, etc.
ISDN Router xiii
Introduction About the Router The Cabletron Router1 is a bridge/router designed to provide remote Ethernet LAN connectivity via a single ISDN line for the small office or home office (SOHO). The multi-protocol router offers telecommuters, home and remote office workers high-speed, dial-up access to remote sites, such as the Internet and the enterprise network. The Router supports IEEE 802.
About This Book The User Guide contains an introduction to the router and provides the steps and basic information needed to install and configure the router. Hardware installation and configuration of network connections, bridging, routing, and security features are described. Note: For router hardware and software references, consult your modelspecific Quick Start Guide.
Chapter 7, “Router Feature Descriptions”, lists and describes industrystandard protocols, security features, compression algorithms, network management tools. Chapter 8, “Troubleshooting”, provides suggestions for locating the source of problems depending upon the trouble symptom. Appendices A-D provide configuration references and blank configuration tables. A Glossary and an Index are provided at the back of this book.
4 ISDN Router
Chapter 1. ISDN and Ordering Issues ISDN Concepts This chapter explains several ISDN line configuration key concepts and tells you how to order your ISDN services Basic Rate Interface ISDN Line (U.S. only) You will need to order one Basic Rate Interface (BRI) ISDN line from your service provider. It will provide: • Two full-duplex 64-Kbits-per-second B-channels used for voice, data, fax, etc. • One full duplex 16Kbps channel used for signaling. Each B-channel can be used for a call; i.e.
In Europe and Japan The Telephone Company provides the NT1 and offers end-users the S/T interface. ISDN Wires The ISDN wires are the same wires that exist for analog telephone service in most cases. EIA/TIA standard for wiring: • Unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cable, category 3 or above, 24 gauge • 8-position RJ45 jacks for new ISDN service installation are recommended Configurations ISDN BRI lines can be configured in point-to-point and multi-point configurations and can support dual-POTS interfaces.
SPIDs and Directory Numbers The Network Service Provider will give you the following information for identifying the ISDN line and devices. In some countries, some of these number/addresses are not implemented and will not be provided. Directory Numbers (DNs) Phone numbers are assigned by the ISDN service provider for each device operating on the line. In most cases, one DN is assigned for each B-channel.
We recommend that you supply these parameters to your telephone company in the form of an IOC. It will make ordering your ISDN services a lot easier (See below, How to order your ISDN line). Note: NI-1 is a standard released by Bellcore outlining a basic set of ISDN services and is switch-type independent. It is recommended as the preferred switch type. The new EZ-ISDN 1 provisioning is also supported and is recommended. How to Order your ISDN Line 1.
Note: The router supports this package, but voice features are only useful on models with POTS support. Important: Point-to-Multipoint service is preferred over Point-to-Point service since you get 2 DNs. Generic Package S is best suited for Pointto-Multipoint service. 3. Request National ISDN-1 switch as your preferred switch type. (This is not required but recommended.) 4.
When ordering your long distance ISDN service, specify: • ISDN Circuit Switched Data capability (clear channel 64 Kb) • Voice for both B-channels 10 ISDN Router
Chapter 2.
• One ISDN Basic Rate Interface (BRI) port (with built-in U interface) • Models 104, 105, and 107 support 2 analog device ports for POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service) • Built-in power supply Series Number International North America Model Number ISDN Interface 2-Line POTS LAN Devices Supported 101 S/T No Unrestricted 104 S/T Yes Unrestricted 103 U No Unrestricted 105 and 107 U Yes Unrestricted Hardware Installation Telephone Wiring Cautions If you must install or alter existing t
1. Connect the router to the Ethernet LAN 2. Connect the router to an ISDN line 3. Connect phone, fax, or analog modem device to POTS interfaces 4. Connect the router to an AC power source Note 1: Non-Windows users will have to additionally connect the router console port to their computers to be able to initialize the router’s IP address and configure the router. Refer to Appendix D, Access the Command Line Interface (CLI) for more details. Note 2: The Console interface is not used.
Step 1. Connect the Router to the Ethernet LAN The 10Base-T port is used for Ethernet communications for single station or hub configurations. Connect the Ethernet LAN using the following instructions. Configuration A: Ethernet single station Single Station Instructions: 1. Connect the 10Base-T Ethernet cable (yellow label marked “Ethernet 10 Base-T, Crossover”) to the RJ45 twisted pair Ethernet (TPE) jack marked 10 Base-T on the unit. 2. Connect the other end to the Ethernet board in your PC.
Configuration B: Ethernet hub Hub Attachment Instructions: 1. Connect the 10 Base-T Ethernet cable (a standard category 5 TPE cable, NOT SUPPLIED) to the RJ45 twisted pair Ethernet (TPE) jack marked 10 Base-T on the unit. 2. Connect the other end to the Ethernet board in your PC.
Step 2. Connect Analog Telephone Devices If you are installing model CSX104 or CSX105, your router will have two POTS interfaces on the rear of the unit. Instruction: Connect one or more phone, fax, answering machine, or other local analog equipment to the POTS jacks on the back panel. You can attach multiple devices to one POTS jack using a splitter connector.
Step 3. Connect the Router to an ISDN Line In North America, ISDN U interface models These models were designed specifically for North America, where a network terminator interface (NT1) is needed. This NT1 is built into the router and is “transparent” to the user. These models have only one ISDN U jack on the rear of the router. U.S. Configuration: U Interface Instructions 1.
Outside North America, ISDN S/T interface models: These models were designed for international (outside North America) markets where the NT1 is typically provided by the ISDN service provider. These models have one ISDN S/T jack on the rear of the router where the ISDN line is plugged in. Note: Refer to Chapter 1 for more details on ordering and configuring an ISDN line. International (outside North America) Configuration: S/T Interface Instructions 1.
Step 4. Connect the Router to an AC Power Source The router comes with a built-in power supply and a standard power cable. Instructions 1. Check to see that the power switch (0=off, 1=on) on the rear of the router is set off. 2. Connect the power cable (packaged with the router) to the AC power connector on the back panel of the router and plug the other end into an AC outlet. 3. After connecting the power source, turn the switch on.
Chapter 3. Installing and Accessing Configuration Manager This chapter describes how to install and access Configuration Manager running under Microsoft Windows. About Configuration Manager Configuration Manager is an easy-to-use, point-and-click graphical user interface (GUI), thus making it the ideal tool to perform all the configurations described in this guide. It is a Windows-based application and can run under Windows for Workgroups, Windows 95, and Windows NT.
Hardware and Software Prerequisites Configuration Manager requires the following hardware and system configuration: • IBM-compatible Personal Computer • Ethernet network interface card • 8.0 MB of hard disk space (5.0 MB for Configuration Manager and online documentation plus up to 3.0 MB for the files to be installed in the \WINDOWS\SYSTEM directory) • Microsoft Windows 3.1, Windows for Workgroups, Windows 95, or Windows NT • Winsock 1.
3. In the TCP/IP Properties window, in the IP Address tab page, enable Obtain an IP address automatically by clicking the button next to it. 4. Click OK. 5. Answer Yes to “Do you want to restart your computer?” Your computer will reboot. (Note: If your settings were already configured with these attributes, you will not be prompted to reboot and a reboot is not necessary.) Install Configuration Manager on your PC This section assumes that you have already: • connected the router’s cables.
Access Configuration Manager 1. Click the Start button on your PC desktop. 2. Select Programs. 3. Select Cabletron Configuration Manager. 4. Click the Configuration Manager icon.
Chapter 4. Router Configuration Planning for Router Configuration This section describes configuration terminology and the information that you need to collect before configuring the router. Important Terminology You should familiarize yourself with the following terminology, as it will be used throughout the configuration process. The diagram illustrates these key words/concepts. Target router: Router that you are configuring. Also referred to as local router.
Important Routing Concepts TCP/IP Routing The purpose of IP routing is to take the IP destination address and look up the interface on which the packet should be forwarded. In the case of the router, this can be either the LAN (Ethernet) or the WAN. Because each remote entry has an IP route associated with it, this may involve first bringing up the link to that destination in order to allow forwarding to take place.
TCP/IP Route Addresses Static Seeding: If the router is to direct traffic to networks or stations beyond the remote router, the routing table in the target router can be ‘seeded’ with static IP routes. An IP route includes an IP address, subnet mask, and metric. The metric is a number representing the perceived cost in reaching the remote network or station.
You will need to define the default route for a remote router (if the target router will be placing calls to that remote router). There can be only one default route specified for all the remote database entries. Note: You cannot have more than one router configured to advertise itself as the default router. Usually, this not a problem since most organizations have only one router.
router must be on the same subnetwork as the remote router. The following illustration is an example of a subnet (128.1.129.0) of Class B IP network (128.1). Specify a Remote WAN IP Address if the remote router does not support IP address negotiation under PPP (i.e., does not have a pre-assigned IP address).
IPX Routing An Ethernet LAN IPX network number is required for the router’s local Ethernet LAN connection. The ISDN WAN link to each remote router must have an assigned IPX network number. IPX Routes and IPX SAPs for each remote router are also required for the configuration process. IPX Routes If the router is to direct traffic to network segments and servers beyond the remote router, the routing table in the target router can be ‘seeded’ with static IPX routes.
The target router’s routing information table must be seeded statically so that the target router dials out to the appropriate remote router when IPX traffic is targeted to network segments or servers beyond that remote router. After the link is established, RIP update packets will dynamically add to the target router’s routing information table.
Servers are identified with internal network numbers. This is a logical network number that identifies the individual server. For a local router to access a server beyond the remote router, you will specify a route using the internal network number of a server. To seed the routing table to access a network segment, you will specify the external network number of the LAN segment. The network number in the SAP table is the internal network number of the server.
Names and Passwords Name and Password for the Target router You must choose a name and authentication password for the target router. They are used by a remote site to authenticate the target router. Names and Passwords for the Remote Router(s) For each remote router, you must have the router name and its authentication password. They are used by this target router to authenticate the remote router. The name and password are used in both PAP and CHAP authentication.
Service Profile Identifications (SPIDs) SPIDs identify the services and features that the switch provides to the ISDN device. Commonly implemented in the U.S. and Canada, the SPID is often derived from the directory number, concatenated with other digits. Note: SPIDs are not implemented outside North America. Refer to Chapter 1, ISDN and Ordering Issues, for further information.
Remote WAN Address You may need to specify a remote WAN IP address for the WAN connection to the remote router depending on IP address negotiation under PPP. Check with your system administrator for details on whether the router must communicate in numbered or unnumbered mode and what addresses are required. The router is set to unnumbered mode by default. This enables numbered mode on the WAN interface.
Internal Network Number It is a logical network number that identifies an individual Novell server. It is needed to specify a route to the services (i.e. file services, print services) that Novell offers. It must be a unique number. External Network (a.k.a. IPX Network Number) It refers to a physical LAN/wire network segment to which servers, routers, and PCs are connected (Ethernet cable-to-router segment). It must be a unique number.
Configuration Steps Overview If you have collected the required information as described in the preceding section, you are ready to configure the router. Using Configuration Manager, you will perform the following basic configuration steps: 1. Connect, Select the Router to configure, and log into the target router. 2. System Settings Configure the target router’s system settings including: 3.
5. 6. • TCP/IP route addressing and routing protocol controls • If configuring IPX: IPX Routes addressing and IPX SAPs services Bridging / Routing • Set the default bridging destination • Enable IP routing • If configuring IPX: Enable IPX routing • Enable the Internet Firewall • Enable WAN-to-WAN Forwarding Store Save the router’s configuration 7. Reboot the router 8.
Step 1. Connect and log into the Target Router This section assumes that you have already installed Configuration Manager on your PC and know how to access it (otherwise, refer to Chapter 3, for details). Connect The router is shipped to users with a default IP address that does not need to be changed (however, to change the default IP address, refer to Step 2. Ethernet LAN Address and Protocol). This default address is 192.168.254.254. ⇒ Click the Connect button to connect your PC to the target router.
Note: If you only want to view the router’s configuration settings: ⇒ Click Skip. If you attempt to change any of the router’s configuration settings while in View-Only mode, you will again be prompted for the write enable Login Password. Name, Message, Software, Hardware, About Name is the name for the target router. Message is an informational message that you can enter and save for this target router display. The Name and Message fields are blank for the initial configuration.
• Ethernet IPX address (if you are configuring IPX) • Change the login password (optional) ⇒ Click System Settings from the main menu. The Name and Message fields are blank when you first configure the router. System Name ⇒ Enter a router name in the field labeled Name. You must enter a system name for the target router. This name is sent to other routers during dial-up authentication.
Authentication Password The target router’s dial authentication password is used for authentication when the target router dials out to other routers or is challenged by them. The password is not displayed as you enter it and must be entered twice. A new password overrides the previous one. ⇒ To set the password, click Authentication Password and enter the new password twice in the small window. ⇒ Click OK to set the password.
Note: If you change either of these fields, you must always perform a Store and Reboot as shown in later steps. LAN RIP Settings To change the default RIP settings, refer to Routing Information Protocol, page 73. DHCP The router supports DHCP, and acts as a DHCP server. This allows hosts (PCs, etc.) to acquire initialization parameters (IP addresses, masks, domain names, etc.) from the router. DHCP is enabled by default. For more information on DHCP configuration, refer to Chapter 5.
Step 3. Target Router’s ISDN Settings The target router’s ISDN line information includes: • The ISDN provider’s switch type • ISDN Directory Numbers (DNs) • ISDN SPIDs • Options (Lock Line Speed, etc.) You must enter ISDN line information for your target router. All of this information is provided by your telephone company (refer to Chapter 1 for more details).
Directory Numbers (DNs) ⇒ Enter directory numbers corresponding to the ISDN B-channels in the field labeled ISDN DNs. SPIDs (North America only) One ISDN SPID may be assigned for each B-channel of the ISDN line, or one SPID may be assigned for both channels, or SPIDs may not be provided at all. The SPID look like the Directory Number extended with additional digits. Note 1: SPIDs do not apply to NTT, KDD, and NET switch types. Note 2: Outside North America, SPIDs are not implemented.
This feature is mainly intended for router models equipped with analog telephony features (POTS routers): it allows you to receive and place analog calls without incurring lengthy and expensive phone calls for data (because you are allowing calls to an outbound bridge, for instance). Lock Line Speed When this setting is enabled, the router places and receives calls at the speed of 56 kilobits per seconds, regardless of the speed setting in the remote database.
⇒ Click Remote Routers from the main menu. This will open the Remote Router Database window. Add, delete, modify, enable/disable an Entry Add a New Remote Router Before you enter your first remote router, the Remote Router field is blank. After adding a router, the screen displays as indicated above. ⇒ To add a new remote router to the remote router database, click New Entry. A new window opens (not shown). ⇒ Enter the new router name in the field provided and then click OK.
Modify a Remote Router Database Entry ⇒ Click the down arrow associated with the Select a Router field in order to display the list of remote routers entered into the database. ⇒ Click the router name of the router entry you wish to modify. ⇒ Then proceed to select the items to modify (like Dial Settings, Security, etc.). Click Close to exit the Remote Router Database screen. Enable or Disable Remote Router Entry Router entries and changes are enabled by default.
number that will be dialed to connect to the remote router. (ISDN phone numbers can contain the numbers 0-9 and the characters * and #.) Important: Be sure to include the area code and long distance prefix even if you are located in the same area code. Dialing Speed When placing an outgoing call to the selected remote site, you can adjust the bit rate of the call with one of three choices: 64 Kb, 56 Kb, or Auto.
Utilization Threshold (%) Initially a call is activated on one B-channel. When bandwidth utilization reaches the bandwidth threshold, the second B-channel is activated (if the maximum links value has been set to 2). Both channels are utilized until the bandwidth utilization drops below the threshold for 5 seconds, then the second channel is dropped. ⇒ Set a number from 0 to 100 in the field Utilization Threshold.
Security Authentication Protocol The authentication protocol is the minimum security level that the target router must use when communicating with the remote router. This protocol level is checked during security negotiation. The Router will always attempt to negotiate CHAP, the highest level of security possible. The router will not accept a negotiated security level less than the minimum authentication level selected. ⇒ Click CHAP, PAP, or None. PAP is the default.
Bridging Capability ⇒ From the Remote Router Database menu screen, select Bridging On/Off. You specify whether the target router bridges traffic to/from this remote router. ⇒ Click On or Off (default) to turn bridging on or off. Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) You can also specify if you wish the router to use the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) which allows the router to check for bridging loops and communicate with other sites that support the protocol. ⇒ Select On or Off.
⇒ To seed the routing table, you will enter the TCP/IP Route Addresses into the table using this window. This window displays a list of each network IP address with the corresponding subnet mask, metric, and gateway if needed. The metric is a number between 1 and 15 that indicates the perceived cost in reaching the remote network or station. ⇒ To add a new entry, click Add, enter the IP address, subnet mask and metric in the small window displayed and click OK.
Source and Remote WAN IP Addresses ⇒ Click the Advanced button if you wish to specify WAN IP addresses or set IP protocol options. You may need to specify a Source WAN Port Address and/or a Remote WAN Port Address for the WAN connection to the remote router, depending on IP address negotiation under PPP. Refer to the section Important Routing Concepts, page 26, to determine if you need to specify these addresses. Enter the IP addresses and corresponding subnet masks if required on this menu screen.
Note: ISDN lines can incur large delays, especially when dialing long distance. You can determine the actual delay by performing an IP ping and dividing the result by 2. A typical value is 50 ms (~3 ticks). ⇒ To add a new entry, click Add, enter the IPX Network Number, Hop Count, and Ticks in the small window displayed and click OK. (The Tab key can be used to tab between each item on the entry window.
⇒ Seed the table with the SAP information of the primary logon server on the remote network. All other SAPs will be learned automatically. This entry is used for spoofing. ⇒ You can modify the WAN Network Number by clicking Modify. Enter the 8-character hexadecimal network number for the WAN link and click OK. Note: Only one router needs to define this. The other router will learn this. Step 5.
IPX Routing ⇒ Set IPX Routing to On or Off. The default is IPX Routing Off. Internet Firewall ⇒ Set the Internet Firewall to On or Off. When the Internet Firewall is On, the router performs IP Internet Firewall filtering to prevent unauthorized access to your system and network resources from the Internet. This filter discards packets received from the WAN, which have a source IP address recognized as a local LAN address.
Step 7. Reboot the Router and PC After storing the configuration, you will be asked if you wish to reboot the router. ⇒ Click Yes to confirm. A message window will inform you that router rebooting is occurring. ⇒ Click Exit to leave Configuration Manager. If you are using IPX routing, bridging, or DHCP, you may need to also reboot PC clients so they can locate the new network segment or settings. Step 8.
Start a DOS Window: 1. Select Start from the Windows 95 taskbar. 2. Select Programs. 3. Select MS-DOS Prompt. Issue the PING Command: In the DOS window, type the command: ping Example: ping 192.168.254.254 When you enter the ping command, the router will dial out to the remote router using the ISDN line. ISDN Status LED CH1 or CH2 should go on.
Test IPX Routing Test IPX Routing to a Remote Destination Check for access to servers on the remote LAN as follows: • Use the ‘NetWare Connections’ selection provided with NetWare User Tools under Windows or issue the command ‘pconsole’ under DOS. • Select the printer server and verify that the server you have defined is listed. When you attempt to access the server, the router will dial out to the remote router using the ISDN line.
⇒ If you change any of the router’s configuration settings, be sure to store the configuration into FLASH memory and reboot the router. Once you have rebooted the router, you will need to log in again if you wish to further change the configuration. Sample Configuration In this configuration example of a hypothetical network, a small office (SOHO) will access a central site (HQ) via an ISDN link. The small office also has access to Internet through an Internet Service Provider (ISP).
Sample Network Diagram Small Office SOHO (Target Router) Central Site HQ 62 ISDN Router
Sample Network Information Worksheets TARGET (local) ROUTER: SOHO Configuration Section Item Setting System Settings Router Name SOHO System Settings Message Configured_JULY_1997 System Settings Authentication Password Dial Authentication Password SOHOpasswd System Settings DHCP Settings Use defaults, but add: ISDN Settings ISDN Switch DNS Domain Name myISP.com DNS Server 192.168.200.1 WINS Server address 172.16.0.
REMOTE ROUTER ENTRY: HQ Configuration Section Item Setting ISDN Phone #1 (11 digits) ISDN Phone #2 (11 digits) 18005552000 18005554000 Inactivity Timeout 60 Maximum Links 2 Minimum Links 0 Utilization Threshold 75 Bandwidth Direction Input and Output Minimum Authentication None Disable Authentication Yes Remote Router’s Password/Secret Hqpasswd Remote Routers Bridging Bridging On/Off Spanning Tree Protocol On Remote Routers TCP/IP Route Addresses Remote Network’s IP Addresses, Subne
REMOTE ROUTER : ISP Configuration Section Remote Routers Dial Settings Remote Routers Security Remote Routers Bridging Remote Routers TCP/IP Route Addresses Item Setting ISDN Phone #1 (11 digits) 18005551115 ISDN Phone #2 (11 digits) 18005551116 Inactivity Timeout Default (60 seconds) Maximum Links Default (1) Minimum Links Default (0) Utilization Threshold Default (0) Bandwidth Direction In and Out Minimum Authentication None Disable Authentication Yes Remote Router’s Password ISPp
BRIDGING AND ROUTING CONTROLS Configuration Section Bridging / Routing Item Setting Default Remote for all dial outs HQ TCP/IP Routing On/Off On IPX Routing On/Off On Internet Firewall On/Off On Names and Passwords Example In the sample configuration provided, the small office SOHO communicates with the central site HQ and the Internet Service Provider ISP. System Passwords SOHO has a system password ‘SOHOpasswd’.
Note: If you have trouble with passwords, we recommend that you set the remote router security to “disable authentication” to simplify the process.
Chapter 5. Configuring Advanced Features The features described in this chapter are advanced topics. They are primarily intended for experienced users and network administrators to perform network management and more complex configurations.
4. If the TCP/IP stack is installed on your PC (it will be listed under Configuration), proceed to step 5. Note: If you do not have a TCP/IP stack installed on your computer, follow these instructions: a) In Configuration, click Add. b) In Select Network Component Type, click Protocol and click Add. c) In Select Network Protocols, under Manufacturers, click Microsoft. d) In the same Network Protocols window, click TCP/IP, and click OK. 5. Under Configuration, double-click TCP/IP.
DHCP Settings The router is preconfigured with a preset IP address pool and a gateway (192.168.254.254). Before becoming active, the router’s DHCP server attempts to locate other active DHCP servers on the network such as Windows NT servers. If one is detected, the router’s DHCP server disables itself. This picture shows a DHCP sample configuration.
WINS Servers If you work with Windows NT, you should enter your WINS Servers’ IP addresses in the WINS Servers fields. DHCP server is enabled The router's built-in DHCP server might disable itself if another DHCP server (like a Windows NT server) is found on your local LAN, or if you manually disable it. If the DHCP server is disabled, all the other fields are greyed out. Storing and Rebooting Changing or entering new DHCP settings requires a Store in the router and a Reboot of the PC.
Network Address Translation (NAT) NAT is an IP address conversion feature that translates a PC’s local (internal) address into a temporary global (outside/Internet) IP address. NAT is needed when a PC (or several PCs) on a Local Area Network wants to connect to the outside Internet to get to a remote network: NAT swaps the local IP address to a global IP address. Our version of NAT goes one step further by allowing several PCs to share one single IP address to the Internet, thus reducing connection costs.
Routing Information Protocols (RIP) You can configure the router to send and receive RIP (Routing Information Protocol) packet information to and from, respectively, the remote router. RIP is a protocol used by some routers to exchange IP routing information so that the local site will ‘learn’ all about the routes beyond the remote router and the remote router will ‘learn’ all about the local site’s routes. Note 1: You may not want this to occur in some cases.
Since it uses multicast addresses, only devices supporting RIP-2 will listen to RIP-2 packets. Note: If your network does not support RIP, then use the RIP OFF option to turn it off. Enable RIP Options It is advisable to only turn RIP options ON when instructed to do so by your network administrator. Make sure that IP routing is enabled by clicking IP and IPX Routing from the main menu. Note: RIP options do not apply to Bridging. Turn on LAN RIP Settings RIP-1 Compatible is enabled by default.
Note 1: Caller ID service (for the local router phone line) must first be obtained from the ISDN provider. 7 or 10 digits may be presented by switch. Note 2: The configured phone numbers must contain the actual digits presented by the central office switch. Enable Caller ID Security ⇒ To enable Caller ID Security systemwide, click ISDN Settings and check the box Enable ISDN Caller ID Security. ⇒ To specify unique numbers for the remote router, click Remote Routers and then Dial Settings.
• The dial settings of the remote router need to be configured in the remote database of the local router. • The remote router’s phone number is entered in the remote database of the local router. Configure Dial-Back ⇒ From Configuration Manager’s main menu, click Remote Routers and then Dial Settings. ⇒ To add Dial-Back to a remote router, click Dial-Back Numbers in the Dial-Back box. In the new window, you may add or delete numbers.
Analog Phone Settings The following describes how to change the default settings of a POTS router (a router to which you may attach analog devices such as a telephone or a fax machine) for Analog Mode, Call Preemption, and Automatic Preemption. Default phone numbers The interfaces are preconfigured with the following default settings: • If your ISDN settings are configured with two DNs (Directory Numbers), DN1 will be associated with POTS interface 1 and DN2 will be associated with POTS interface 2.
Mode Voice Preempts Data Automatic Preemption Assumes that data preemption is enabled (in Voice Preempts Data) Dial This router can call out, but will not receive a call. Answer This router can receive a call but cannot dial. Both Always This router can call out and receive a call. If this router places or receives a call: voice always preempts data. Incoming If this router receives a call: voice preempts data. Outgoing If this router calls out: voice preempts data.
Voice Preempts Data ⇒ In ISDN Settings, click Analog Phones. In the Analog Phones Setting window, choose one data preemption option for each line: • Always • Incoming Calls • Outgoing Calls • Never Automatic Preemption ⇒ In ISDN Settings, click Analog Phones. In Analog Phones Setting, you can select one of the following Automatic Preemption options: • Always • Incoming Calls • Outgoing Calls • Never Note: To activate Automatic Preemption, Data Preemption has been already enabled.
Save and Test POTS configuration ⇒ Save the POTS configuration by clicking OK in the Analog Phones Setting window; then click Store in the main menu. ⇒ To test the POTS configuration, use the attached analog phone to dial out to a remote phone number and call attached analog devices from another phone. Warning: If you do not save the configuration to FLASH, the configuration is lost upon reboot or power down of the router.
Chapter 6. Management Tools This chapter describes tools designed to simplify file system management, software maintenance, and data traffic monitoring. These tools comprise: • Terminal Window • Port Monitor • Upgrade/Backup • Reboot from Network • SNMP Options ⇒ To access these tools, click Tools from the main menu in Configuration Manager. Terminal Window The Terminal Window lets you access the Command Line Interface (CLI) through Configuration Manager.
The File menu lets you open a Log File where all messages printed by the router on its console and all input performed directly at the console are recorded. The CommPort menu allows the user to adjust the router’s communication settings. How to change the router’s IP address using the Terminal Window The user may wish to change the default IP address of 192.168.254.254 to a different address. This can be simply done using the Terminal Window to access the Command Line Interface.
4. In the terminal window, enter the following commands to set, save, and verify the router’s LAN address and enable IP routing: login admin (admin is the default password) eth ip addr x.x.x.x y.y.y.y where: x.x.x.x (IP address) y.y.y.y (subnet mask for the router’s LAN connection) Ex: 192.168.254.254 255.255.255.0 Note: Please refer to Appendix B, Subnetwork Tables, or ask your network administrator to determine which addresses are valid.
Access from outside Configuration Manager Port Monitor is also a stand-alone application that can be launched outside of Configuration Manager as follows: ⇒ On your PC, click the Start button located on your desktop. ⇒ Click Programs, Cabletron ISDN Tools, and then click WAN Port Monitor. Port Monitor Features Message field The ISDN Monitor window has a message field that displays the most current status message or error message read from the router.
Physical layer This light shows the status of the physical connection to the router. Green light: the line is functioning correctly. Red light: the circuit is either open or non-functional. Check your phone wiring and call your Network Service provider if you can not get a green light. This status correlates to the NT1 light on the router. Hangup To cause an ISDN channel to drop a data call, click the associated Hangup button.
By default, all information is refreshed once a second. If this causes strain on your network or you are presently monitoring a router across the WAN, which requires too much bandwidth usage to perform this function, you may want to increase the refresh rate, expressed in seconds. Set Number of Display Lines This option allows you to specify the number of lines of information that are shown in the Message area of the main Port Monitor window.
If you have changed the incoming or outgoing data calls settings, you will be prompted to save your changes permanently. Since these settings take effect immediately, there is no need to restart the router after saving the changes. Log A logging function is available to see all the messages printed by the router on its console port (including any input performed directly at the console).
• For Firmware, the default file is KERNEL.100 • For Configuration, the default file is SYSTEM.CNF • For ISDN, the default file is ISDN.DAT • For DHCP, the default file is DHCP.DAT Note: the script file name is defined by the user. ⇒ Click OK if the displayed file name is right. ⇒ Otherwise select the proper file and directory from the list below the name box and click OK. Upgrade/Backup Options Upgrade/Backup Firmware The firmware (kernel) resides in the router.
⇒ When you click OK, the file named AUTOEXEC.OLD is copied back to the router. Upgrade/Restore Configuration files A Backup or Upgrade operation on the configuration files will include all of the system configuration data, except ISDN or DHCP settings files. Upgrade/Backup ISDN settings or DHCP files Backing up or upgrading the target system ISDN settings file or DHCP file will respectively involve only the target systems ISDN settings file or only DHCP file.
Note 2: A Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) utility is built into Configuration Manager and is capable of reading from and writing to the network. Instructions ⇒ To reboot from the network, click Tools from the Configuration Manager’s main menu and then click Reboot from Network. A new window will appear and let you select the file to boot from, in the file name box. KERNEL.100 is the default file. ⇒ Click OK to enable your choice. ⇒ Enter your login password and click OK.
Chapter 7. Router Feature Descriptions The router supports the following industry standard protocols, security features, compression algorithms, and network management tools to ensure interoperability with other vendors’ equipment. Important: For router software references, consult the model-specific Quick Start Guide. • IEEE 802.
Point-To-Point Protocol (PPP) PPP is a data link layer industry standard WAN protocol for transferring multi-protocol data traffic over point-to-point connections. It is suitable for both high-speed synchronous ports as well as lower speed asynchronous dialup ports. With this protocol, options such as security and network protocols can be negotiated over the connection. The Router supports synchronous PPP over the ISDN port. In Single Link Mode, PPP utilizes one ISDN B-channel for data transmission.
ISDN ISDN provides an inexpensive switched digital access to remote sites. The ISDN BRI standard provides for: • Two high-speed 64Kbps bearer (B) channels used for voice or data connections • One 16Kbps signaling data (D) channel used for call set-up, signaling, and other information ISDN allows all types of information to be transmitted including voice, data, fax, and video. Multiple devices can be linked to a single ISDN connection, each having their own telephone number.
· NTT (Nippon Telegraph and Telephone) · KDD (Kokusai Denshin Denwa Co., Ltd.) · HSD64 (64Kb permanent connection) · HSD128 (128Kb permanent connection) Support for additional switches will be announced from time to time. Bridging and Routing Bridging Bridging connects two or more LANs together so that all devices share the same logical LAN segment and network number. The MAC layer header contains source and destination addresses used to transfer frames.
LANs. Routing extends the reach of networks beyond the limits of each LAN segment. Bridging and Routing The Router can operate as a bridge, as a router, or as both (sometimes called a brouter). The router will operate as a router for network protocols that are supported when routing is enabled. The router will operate as a bridge when bridging is enabled. When both bridging and routing are enabled, routing takes precedence over bridging; i.e.
IP Routing IP routing support provides the ability to process TCP/IP frames at the network layer for routing. IP routing support includes the Routing Information Protocol (RIP) which allows the exchange of routing information on a TCP/ IP network. The router receives and broadcasts RIP messages to adjacent routers and workstations. Since IP sends out periodic RIP frames that could keep dial-up links permanently connected, filtering and spoofing are performed to minimize these broadcasts on the WAN links.
Bridging and Routing Protocol Filtering Filtering can be used to allow efficient usage of network resources and provide security for your network and hosts. IP Internet Firewall The router supports IP Internet Firewall filtering to prevent unauthorized access to your system and network resources from the Internet. A security violation can occur when a packet is received from a WAN link, typically connected from the Internet, which has the source IP address of a secure host on your LAN.
Dial-on-Demand Dial-up WAN resources are accessed only when remote access is required and released as soon as the resource is no longer needed. Bandwidth-on-Demand The router can optimize the use of WAN resources (i.e., two ISDN Bchannels) to increase throughput, depending on load requirements. Two ISDN B-channels can be “bundled” to permit transmission of data traffic over both channels after a link utilization threshold is reached.
The following MIBs are supported: · MIB II · Bridge MIB · Ethernet MIB · IP Forwarding MIB · PPP MIB For LCP · Enterprise MIB for configuration Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) DHCP is used to acquire IP addresses and options (such as the subnet mask, DNS, gateway, etc.) automatically.
system upgrades can be updated. Chapter 6, Management Tools, describes how to upgrade software, boot the router from the network, make copies of configuration files, and perform other maintenance procedures. A TFTP server is provided with the software. TELNET TELNET access to the router is supported. TELNET allows you to log into the router as if directly connected through the console port.
• Configuration of advanced features such as: Bridge filtering ISDN subaddressing Optional IP filters Optional encryption Advanced DHCP settings Additional security IP host mapping These topics are discussed in the Command Line Interface guide.
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Chapter 8. Troubleshooting Investigating Hardware Installation Problems Check the LEDs to solve common hardware problems Power light is off • Check that the power cord is firmly plugged into the back panel of the router and the other end into an active AC wall or power strip outlet. • Check that the power switch is turned on. LEDs are flashing • The power up test has discovered a hardware error and the rightmost five LEDs flash an error code. Contact Technical Support.
ISDN NT1 LED is fast blinking • The router NT1 is having trouble negotiating the ISDN U interface layer 1 protocol with the central office. • Check the connection cables. ISDN line LED is off/blinking slowly • Unit with a U interface: a problem is occurring in the negotiation to the network. • Unit with an S/T interface: a problem is occurring in either the connection to the external NT1 or the connection to the network.
Problems with the factory configuration • • • Compare the router configuration with your router order. Check the following items: Either ISDN BRI(S/T) or ISDN BRI(S/T and U) should be indicated in the Interfaces detected message during boot of the router. One or two RJ45 ISDN ports are provided on the rear panel. Verify that the model number is correct (displayed during the boot procedure). The model number (and serial number) is also displayed on the main window of Configuration Manager.
• Re-enter the correct password and hit enter. Remember that the password is case-sensitive. Check that you are entering admin in lowercase and that the Caps key is not active. • If you have forgotten the password, you must reset the login password. Refer to the appendix A, Changing Configuration Switches, and perform the following procedure: 1. Move switches 5 and 6 down. 2. Type login newpasswd. Password checking is overridden. 3. Move switches 5 and 6 up. 4.
If TCP/IP routing • Check that TCP/IP Routing has been set on and is enabled at the remote end. • Check that the IP address of the LAN beyond the remote router is correct, as well as the associated subnet mask. • If the remote router WAN IP address and subnet mask are required, check that they have been specified correctly. • Check that, if required, the source and remote WAN IP addresses are on the subnetwork.
No POTS dial tone • ISDN link is not completely defined and is not in Standby mode. • The POTS line is set to Answer only, is disabled, or is busy with data, and preemption is off. • The phone is not plugged in. Problems with bandwidth management ISDN Channel 2 does not support overflow for channel 1 • Verify that the maximum links to the remote router is set to 2. • Verify that Bandwidth-on-Demand has been set for the direction of traffic.
ISDN Q.931 Cause Values ISDN link level error messages include the Q.931 cause value. The cause value displayed is the cause number exactly or the number +128. The following table is a reference list of the Q.931 cause values. Cause No.
86 88 91 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 111 127 Call having the requested call identity has been cleared Incompatible destination Invalid transit network selection Invalid message, unspecified Mandatory information element is missing Message type non-existent or not implemented Message not compatible with call state or message type nonexistent or not implemented Information element non-existent or not implemented Invalid information element contents Message not compatible with call state Recovery on timer expi
Note: History Log is preserved across reboots but not across power outages or power down. Using LEDs Most hardware problems can be easily diagnosed and solved by checking the LEDs on front panel of your router. Please refer to the section Investigating Hardware Installation Problems page 103, for related information.
How to contact Technical Support in the U.S. Addresses / Numbers Telephone 603-332-9400 E-Mail Monday-Friday; 8 A.M. - 8 P.M. Eastern Time support@ctron.com Fax 603-337-2211 Address Cabletron Systems 35 Industrial Way Rochester, NH 03867 Web Site http://www.cabletron.
Appendix A. Changing Configuration Switches The configuration switches are located under the label CONFIG on the rear panel of the router. You might need to alter the configuration switches for: • Upgrading software • Troubleshooting with a qualified service representative • Certain ISDN configurations • Resetting the login password Configuration Switches Settings When you receive the router, switches 5 and 6 are set for the normal operation of the router.
Appendix B.
Appendix C. Network Information Worksheets To configure the target router, you need to fill out: • One target router chart for the target router and…. • One remote router chart for each remote router to be entered into the remote router database If you are setting up both ends of the network: You will need a mirror image of the information listed below for configuring the router on the other end of the ISDN link.
TARGET ROUTER: …………………………………………………… Configuration Section Item Your Setting System Settings Router Name ………………………………… Message ……………………………….. System Settings Authentic.
REMOTE ROUTER: …………………………………………………… Note: One chart for each remote router in the remote router database Configuration Section Remote Routers Dial Settings Remote Routers Security Remote Routers Bridging Remote Routers TCP/IP Route Addresses Item Setting ISDN Phone #1, Phone #2 …………………………. Inactivity timeout ………………………….. Maximum Links ………………………….. Minimum Links ………………………….. Utilization Threshold ………………………….. Bandwidth Direction …………………………..
BRIDGING AND ROUTING CONTROLS Configuration Item Setting Section Bridging/ Routing Default Remote Bridging Destination ……………………………. TCP/IP Routing On/Off ……………………………. ……………………………. Internet Firewall On/Off …………………………….
Appendix D. Accessing the Command Line Interface (CLI) Why use the Command Line Interface? You will need to connect the router to the PC in order to access the Command Line Interface when Configuration Manager (CM, user-friendly configuration software) is not compatible with certain platforms, cannot be used.for complex configuration tasks, or if you initially experience trouble connecting to the router.
Connecting the router to the PC You will use the following.cable and.adapter: • One 10-foot length of unshielded twisted pair cable with RJ45 connectors on either end. This cable has a green label marked “Console”. • One RJ45 to DB9 adapter (console port to PC) Instructions 1. Plug the RJ45 connector at one end of the cable into the RJ45 jack marked console on the back panel of the router. 2.
Instructions To open a terminal window emulation program under Windows: 1. Click the Start button located on your PC desktop. 2. Click Programs, Accessories, and Terminal. 3. Assign the communications port connected to the console. 4.
To access the terminal window via Telnet: 1. The PC address and the router address have to be in the same subnetwork. Ex: Router address is: PC address is: 192.168.254.254 192.168.254.253 2. Click the Start button located on your PC desktop, click Windows Explorer, Windows, and TELNET.EXE. 3. Select Connect and Remote System from the menu. 4. In the Connect window, enter the router’s IP address. Click Connect.
Glossary 10Base-T IEEE 802.3 standard for the use of Ethernet LAN technology over unshielded twisted pair wiring, running at 10 Mbps. ARP Address Resolution Protocol. An Internet protocol used to bind an IP address to Ethernet/802.3 addresses. ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange. 8-bit code for character representation. AUI Access Unit Interface. An IEEE 802.3 transceiver cable connecting the networked device (such as a router) to the MAU (Media Access Unit).
Console Device used by the network administrator to configure and monitor the router. The console employs an RS232 interface. Configuration Manager and Command Line Interface are used on the console. D-Channel In ISDN, a full-duplex 16 Kbps channel used for link setup. DCE Data Communicating Equipment. Equipment used within a network to transfer data from source to destination such as modems.
Firewall A combination of techniques used to protect one network from unknown networks and users on the outside. Firewalls can filter or block traffic and act as a management and network security point where all traffic can be scrutinized. GUI Graphical User Interface. It allows to communicate with the computer through pull-down menus and icons. Hop Count Represents the number of routers in a network through which the data packet has to pass to get to its destination.
MAC layer/address Media Access Control layer/address defined by the IEEE 802.3 specification which defines media access including framing and error detection. Part of the OSI reference model data link layer. Metric An algorithm used by routers to determine the best path for transmitting packets to a remote destination based on considerations such as time, delay, cost, etc. MODEM Modulator/Demodulator.
Packet A piece of information sent across the network that includes a header and usually user data. Ping An echo message, available within the TCP/IP protocol suite, sent to a remote node and returned; used to test the accessibility of the remote node. POTS Plain Old Telephone Service referring to standard analog telecommunication. PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) A Data Link layer protocol that provides asynchronous and synchronous connectivity between computer/network nodes.
Serialization Frames Frames sent out by servers under IPX to check whether illegal copies of NetWare are in use on the network. Service Advertising Protocol Protocol used in IPX for broadcasting information about services available on the network, such as file servers, CD-ROM drives, and modem pools. SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol.
transmission. IP provides for network layer connectivity.using connectionless datagrams. TELNET Internet standard protocol for remote terminal emulation that allows a user to remotely log in to another device and appear as if directly connected. Ticks The number of ticks represents how much time the packet takes to reach the destination in units of roughly 1/20th of a second. TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol.
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Index A AC power connecting to, 20 advanced features, 68 analog phone settings, 46, 77 analog services connecting equipment, 17 support for, 98 automatic preemption, 77 B backing up files, 87 backup tool, 89 bandwidth management configuration, 49 features, 97 utilization display, 84 Bandwidth-on-Demand, 98 Basic Rate Interface ISDN Line, 5 B-channels, 78 bridge filtering, 97 bridging default destination, 56 general description, 94 IEEE 802.
TCP/IP protocol options, 73 TCP/IP route addresses, 52 TCP/IP routing control, 57 TCP/IP WAN addresses, 54 updating, 38 verifying, 58 Windows configurator, 100 configuration example, 61 configuration files, 89 Configuration Manager access, 24 features, 21 general, 21 hardware/software prerequisites, 22 installation, 22 version, 40 configuration switches changing, 113 console Command Line Interface, 120 connecting, 120 D data calls, 77 data compression, 50, 97 data preemption, 78 data transfer data compress
network numbers, 31 node number, 55 Routes, 54 SAPs, 31, 55 seeding routing table, 31 seeding SAPs table, 31 servers, 55 socket number, 55 ticks, 55 troubleshooting, 107 WAN network number, 36 ISDN bandwidth threshold, 50 BRI Line Ordering, 5 BRI standard, 93 cable supplied, 11 channel status, 84 directory numbers, 45 IP configuration parameters, 26 IPX configuration parameters, 30 maximum links, 49 minimum links, 49 multi-point, 6, 19 NT1, 93 ordering services, 5 point-to-point, 6 PPP support, 92 provision
change login, 43 CHAP, 92 example, 66 PAP, 92 usage, 33 passwords and names example, 66 phone numbers, 49 piggyback method IP Routing, 96 Point-to-Point Protocol standard, 92 support for, 92 Port Monitor features, 84 general, 83 POTS default settings, 77 line configuration, 78 preemption rules, 78 troubleshooting, 108 power cable, 20 power supply, 20 Power-On-Self-Test (POST) description, 20 PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) addressing, numbered mode, 28 addressing, unnumbered mode, 28 preemption, 77 provisioni
source WAN IP address, 28, 54 Spanning Tree Protocol, 52, 95 SPIDs, 7, 34 split B-channels, 98 spoofing IP Routing, 96 static seeding, 27 subnetwork tables, 114 system message, 40, 41 system name, 40, 41 T target system settings, 40 target WAN IP address, 28 TCP/IP Routes, 52 TCP/IP routing control, 66 TCP/IP Routing configuration parameters, 34 control, 57 default route, 27, 34, 35, 53 filtering and spoofing, 96 protocol options, 73 route addresses, 27, 35, 52 seeding routing table, 27 source and remote a
