ProXpress TM Multifunction Switch/Router Model TE100-S55 for connecting 10Base-T, 100Base-TX, 100Base-FX and ISDN links User’s Guide First Edition - June 1, 1996
Trademarks Copyright 1996 TRENDware All rights reserved, contents may be revised without prior notice. TRENDnet is a registered trademark of TRENDware Ethernet is a trademark of Xerox Corporation. Microsoft Windows is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation. VT100 is a trademark of Digital Equipment Corporation. FCC warning This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules.
Service and support TRENDware is committed to providing customers with high quality and timely technical support worldwide. Unlimited technical support is available to you free of charge. TRENDware support engineers are available to respond to your calls Monday through Friday, 8:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. Pacific Standard Time. USA TEL 1-310-328-7795 FAX Bulletin Board System: 310-328-8191 (protocol: 14400, 8, N,1) World Wide Web Site: http://www.trendware.
About this manual This manual is the user’s reference guide for the TE100-S55 that interconnects Fast Ethernet, 10Base-T and ISDN links into a single system. It provides detailed information on the features, functions and installation of the TE100-S55. Chapter 1 provides an overview of Fast Ethernet and Switching technology, their uses and benefits in the currently emerging computing environment, and an overview of the TE100-S55.
Table of Contents Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Fast Ethernet Technology 7 Switching Technology 8 10/100 Switching Technology 9 Benefits of Switching 9 Introducing the TE100-S55 10 Features of the TE100-S55 12 Chapter 2 GETTING STARTED Cabling Rules and Site Preparation 13 Unpacking 16 The Front Panel 17 Mounting 18 Attaching Cables 18 Adding Optional Modules 19 Power ON 19 Software Setup 20 Checking Status LEDs 20 Chapter 3 CONFIGURING THE SWITCH Introduction 21 Out-of-Band M
Installing XPressView 36 Starting XPressView 37 Operating XPressView 38 Chapter 5 DIAGNOSTICS Power-On Self Test 41 System Status LEDs 42 System Diagnostic LEDs 43 System Utilization LEDs 43 Port Status LEDs 44 APPENDICES A ~ Switch Default Setting 45 B ~ RS-232 Pin Specification 46 C ~ RJ-45 Pin Specification 47 D ~ 10Base-T Module 49 E ~ 100Base-FX/TX Module 50 F ~ ISDN Module 52 G ~ Hardware Specification 54 INDEX 56 6
Chapter 1 Introduction Fast Ethernet Technology The growing importance of LANs and the increasing complexity of desktop computing applications are fueling the needs for high performance networks. A number of high-speed LAN technologies are available to provide greater bandwidth and improve client/server response times. Among them, Fast Ethernet, also known as 100Base-T, provides the smoothest migration path for the current 10Base-T technology.
Ethernet Fast Ethernet Speed 10Mbps 100Mbps Cost x 2x or less IEEE 802.
performance or “wire-speed.” Therefore, a switch effectively splits a physical shared-access LAN into bridged multiple LAN segments. Each segment supports a workgroup and even provides a dedicated connection to a desktop server. The outcome is a multiplication of the overall available bandwidth and a more predictable performance under heavy network loads.
can no longer provide both bandwidth and predictable response times to this new generation of workgroup computing. From an economical point of view, Fast Ethernet switching not only satisfies both technical and business requirements, but also preserves the users’ existing investment in the huge 10Base-T Ethernet installed base. This compatibility insures a path for users to add, change, and migrate to Fast Ethernet capabilities as needs arise.
doubles network throughput to 200Mbps on Fast Ethernet segments and 20Mbps on 10Base-T segments. Although the TE100-S55 is equipped with five ports for 10BaseT or 100Base-TX connections, it also provides an open slot for add-on modules. These modules include an 8-port 10Base-T, a 100Base-FX/TX port or an ISDN router. Module Type Description Common Usage 10Base-T Eight RJ-45 ports for Cat 3, 4 or 5 UTP cable. Existing 10Base-T users who want to expand or segment their 10Base-T connections.
Features of TE100-S55 Utilizing the latest Fast Ethernet and Switching technologies, the TRENDnet TE100-S55 is designed to provide: • Five 10/100Mbps dual-speed Ethernet ports • One expansion slot with multiple configuration options: 8 switched ports for 10Base-T OR 2 switched port for 100Base-FX/TX OR 1 ISDN router (up to 128Kbps) • NWAY Auto-negotiation for each network port providing auto-detection of connected cable type, auto-sensing of full or half duplex signaling and auto-configuration.
Chapter 2 Getting Started Cabling Rules and Site Preparation Although 100Base-T and 10Base-T are alike in many aspects, there are slight differences in the cabling rules. So, spend some time in locating and reconfiguring your cabling structure for the best network layout. The key cabling rules for 100Base-TX are: • The 100Base-TX specification requires two-pair Category 5 UTP or two-pair Type 1 STP cable. • The maximum cable length from an end-station to a hub or repeater is 100 meters.
The TE100-S55 fits into the 100Base-T cabling architecture as a switch. Therefore, unlimited number of switches may be installed in the same network with maximum distances of 100 meters apart. The 10/100Mb ports of TE100-S55 require two-pair Cat5 UTP (or Type 1 STP) for 100Base-TX connections. For 10Base-T connections, two-pair Cat 3, 4 or 5 UTP cables are required.
Careful planning and site preparation are the keys to success for installing Fast Ethernet switches. Users should perform a network bandwidth analysis based on their workgroup network traffic needs and examine their workstation equipment for other performance bottlenecks.
Unpacking and Setup Now that you have a good understanding of the basic cabling rules, as well as your own network environment, you’re ready to integrate the TE100-S55 into the network. The following sections describe how to install, connect and setup your new TE100-S55 .
THE FRONT PANEL The TE100-S55 features following items on its front panel: (A) Five RJ-45 ports for 10Base-T or 100Base-TX links (B) An expansion slot with multiple configuration options: (b1) 8-port 10Base-T Switch OR (b2) 2-port 100Base-FX/TX Switch OR (b3) 1-port ISDN router (C) One RS-232, DB9 Out-of-Band management port (D) Eight system status LEDs (E) Eight system diagnostic LEDs (F) Eight system utilization LEDs (G) Six status LEDs for each port (H) Power Status LED Figure Chapter 2 -4, Front pan
MOUNTING The TE100-S55 can be placed either on a table or rack mounted. For rack mounting: First screw the pair of mounting brackets (included in the packing carton) onto the switch. Then, mount the TE100-S55 onto the rack, as shown below in Figure 2-5. Figure Chapter 2 -5, Rack mounting a TE100-S55 ATTACHING CABLES There are five RJ-45 ports on the TE100-S55 for connecting five workstations or LAN segments. Each port supports either 10Base-T or 100Base-TX networks, auto-detecting the type of connection.
If you are connecting workstations to the TE100-S55, use a standard UTP cable with a straight RJ-45 pin layout. If you are connecting hubs, bridges or other switches to the TE100-S55, the Transmit (TD) and the Receive (RD) wires must be crossed-over at one end of the connector. Please refer to Appendix C, page 47 for the details of pin layout. ADDING OPTIONAL MODULES Although the TE100-S55 is equipped with five ports for 10BaseT or 100Base-TX connections, it also provides an open slot for add-on modules.
SOFTWARE SETUP The default settings of TE100-S55 (shown in Appendix A, page 45) should be sufficient in the majority of installations. If a different setting is required for your specific environment, please refer to Chapter 3, page 21 for “Out-of-Band Management” or Chapter 4, page 35 for “SNMP Management”. For simple management, you can perform the Out-of-Band Management and access the TE100-S55 through its RS-232 port.
Chapter 3 Configuring the Switch Introduction The TE100-S55 is designed to operate with or without the aid of extensive network management software. For simple management, you can run a terminal emulation program and access the TE100-S55 through its RS-232 port. For elaborate SNMP management, you can run the XPressView program from any network station. Chapter 4 describes the details of how to install and utilize the XPressView SNMP Management program.
Out-of-Band Management ATTACHING TO THE RS-232 PORT The TE100-S55 can be configured using the Out-of-Band Management function. To begin, you must first connect a PC (or a terminal) directly to TE100-S55 using the supplied RS-232 serial cable. The RS-232 port is a DCE with a 9-pin female connector. Figure Chapter 3 -1 shows the cable connection to a DTE such as a PC running VT100 terminal emulation software or an actual VT100 terminal.
VT100 TERMINAL Once you’ve connected a PC (or terminal) to the RS-232 port of the TE100-S55, you can begin the VT100 terminal emulation process. The VT100 terminal emulation software can be found in Microsoft Windows or any other communication software. Table 3-1 describe the necessary settings for your PC or terminal connection to TE100-S55.
Upon a successful execution of terminal emulation, your computer will establish communication with the TE100-S55 and allow you to view or modify the following settings. Control Settings System display User selection Switch Version No. V1.10 (Fixed) Switch IP Address 168.8.xx.xx Switch Subnet Mask 255.255.0.0 Default Gateway 0.0.0.0 Switch MAC Addr.
USER-SELECTIVE PARAMETERS The TE100-S55 is factory set with a unique Ethernet MAC address. Except for the MAC address, Version Number and Port State, all parameters in Table 3-2 can be modified. From the Switch Configuration menu, you can change the IP Address of TE100-S55 to match the TCP/IP environment of your network. The Gateway Address may also be changed to match the Gateway of your network.
From the Down-load New System Firmware menu, you can upgrade the TE100-S55 with the latest firmware (if revision is available). The XMODEM function will guide you in downloading the firmware code into the TE100-S55. To acquire the revised firmware file, please contact TRENDware technical support. From the Load Factory Default Parameters menu, you can replace all parameter modifications for TE100-S55 with the original default settings.
Spanning Tree Algorithm In a more complex network environment, devices may physically be connected in a loop, causing network failure due to the infinite transfer of packets. In anticipation of such perplexity, the TE100-S55 is designed to support the Spanning Tree Algorithm (STA). Using STA, the TE100-S55 will prevent network loops by logically designating a single path for each connection, as well as establishing a backup path in case of a path failure.
You can view or modify the STA parameters through the Out-ofBand Management, as shown in Table 3-3. Pay special attention to the effects of each STA parameter in order to avoid erroneous behavior in the network.
STA operates at two levels, the Switch and the Port level. In addition, STA uses several timers to periodically ensure the integrity of switches/bridges and their ports in a network. The following paragraphs introduce the key information and terminology needed to understand the STA parameters. Please note that the word “bridge” now refers to TE100-S55.
AT THE PORT LEVEL Designated Port: This is the port on each Designated Bridge that forwards data packets for the attached LAN segment. Root Port: Each bridge has a Root Port that has the lowest Path Cost to the Root Bridge. In case there are several ports with the same Path Cost, the one with the lowest Port Identifier (Port Priority + pre-assigned Port ID) becomes the Root Port1. Port Priority: This is a user changeable parameter for each port on the bridge.
TIMERS Max. Age Time: This is a user changeable parameter. Should a Bridge fail to receive an identifier packet from its Root Bridge within this time limit, it assumes that the Root Bridge has failed. Therefore, a new Root Bridge will be established for the network. Hello Time: This is a user changeable parameter. Should a Bridge be assigned as a Root Bridge, the Hello Time setting will be used as the interval to send out identifier packets to notify other Bridges of its existence.
ILLUSTRATION OF STA A simple illustration of three Bridges (or TE100-S55) connected in a loop is depicted in Figure 3-2. In this example, you can anticipate some major network problems if the STA assistance is not applied. For instance, if Bridge 1 broadcasts a packet to Bridge 2, Bridge 2 will broadcast it to Bridge 3, and Bridge 3 will broadcast it to Bridge 1...and so on. The broadcast packet will be passed indefinitely in a loop, causing a serious network failure.
LAN 1 Path Cost = 100 Port 1 Bridge ID = 21 Bridge 1 Port 2 Path Cost = 100 Port 1 Path Cost = 100 Bridge ID = 15 Bridge 3 LAN 2 Port 2 Path Cost = 100 Port 1 Path Cost = 100 Bridge 2 Bridge ID = 30 Port 2 Path Cost = 100 LAN 3 Figure Chapter 3 -2, Before Applying the STA Rules LAN 1 Root Port Port 1 Bridge 1 Port 2 Root Path Cost = 100 Bridge ID = 21 Designated Port Port 1 Designated Port Bridge 3 LAN 2 Port 2 Block Path Port 1 Designated Port Bridge 2 Port 2 LAN 3 Root Path Cost=0
Chapter 4 SNMP Management For basic setup of the TE100-S55, use the out-of-band management functions as described in Chapter 3. However, for a user-friendly graphic interface to your TE100-S55 setup, you can use the XPressView SNMP Management program. The XPressView program permits you to view or modify the TE100-S55 configuration and its network activities. Specifically, it allows you to do the following management functions: • Enable/Disable each Port State. • View the Switch Configuration.
Installing XPressView Installing the XPressView SNMP Management program is easy to do and only takes a few minutes. The supplied SETUP program guides you through the process. WHAT YOU NEED To use XPressView, your computer must have the following: Processor: 386, 486 or Pentium RAM: 2 megabytes minimum Disk Space: 10 megabytes minimum Windows: 3.1, 3.11 or Win95 TCP/IP Winsock interface (It is recommended to set the IP address at 168.8.xx.xx, similar to the TE100S55 IP address) Drive: 1.
Starting XPressView After you install the XPressView program, you are ready to begin SNMP management of your TE100-S55. • From Windows start screen, click the XPressView icon. The Welcome screen will appear. START FROM SCRATCH If this is your first time to run the XPressView program, you will need to create an environment that represents the TE100-S55. • Click the AUTO DISCOVERY icon.
OPEN AN EXISTING ENVIRONMENT To open an existing environment, go to the NETWORK menu and click the OPEN command. Choose the appropriate file name and click the OK command. Your screen will display the list of TE100-S55 icons and will allow management of these devices. Operating XPressView Once you create or open an environment, you are ready to view or modify the TE100-S55 configuration and its network activities.
VIEW/MODIFY SWITCH CONFIGURATION If you click a port and then click the “Switch Configuration” icon, the following screen will appear, allowing you to Enable or Disable the selected port. However, if you click the “Switch Configuration” icon without clicking a port, the following screen will appear allowing you to view the IP, Subnet mask and MAC addresses.
MONITOR NETWORK TRAFFIC When you click the “Monitor Network Traffic” icon, a query control screen will appear, allowing you to choose the type of packets to monitor. Click the packet types from the OID List, and then click one of the Display types (text or graphic).
Chapter 5 Diagnostics Power-On Self Test A Power-On Self Test (POST) sequence takes place when the TE100-S55 is first turned on (cold boot). Software reset (warm boot) through the RS-232 port does not prevent unauthorized remote re-boots.
System Status LEDs TE100-S55 is equipped with eight Status LEDs which reflect the Power-On Self Test results. If there is a system error, the Status LED light will be ON and the LEDs - will display the error code. Although some errors may be resolved easily, some errors may require that the unit be returned to TRENDware reseller for repair.
System Diagnostic LEDs TE100-S55 is equipped with eight Diagnostic LEDs which reflect status of add-on modules. The details of LEDs will be supplied with each optional module package and will not be covered in this manual. System Utilization LEDs TE100-S55 is equipped with eight Utilization LEDs which reflect the LAN’s percentage of utilization. This is a measure of the traffic on the network. The LEDs - indicates a low traffic on the network, while the LEDs - indicates a high traffic on the network.
Port Status LEDs TE100-S55 is equipped with six Status LEDs which reflect the status of each port. As you connect a network cable to the TE100-S55, it will autodetect the type of cable and the corresponding 10/100 LED will light up. Likewise, depending on the port connection, the DUPLEX LED will light up to indicate its status of full or half duplex signaling. When a port connection is active, the LINK LED will light up to indicate its operative state.
Appendices Appendix A Switch Default setting Parameter Default Range Data type Spanning Tree State Enable Enable/Disable Bridge Priority 32768 0 - 65535 Integer Hello Time 10 sec. 1 - 10 sec. Integer Max Age Time 40 sec. 6 - 40 sec. Integer Forward Delay Time 5 sec. 5 - 30 sec. Integer Aging Time 300 sec. 0 - 10 ∧ 6 Integer IP Address 168.8.xx.xx Subnet Mask 255.255.0.0 Gateway Address 0.0.0.
Appendix B RS-232 Pin Specification The RS-232 serial port of the TE100-S55 uses a 9-pin female connector. The port can be connected to a PC emulating a VT100 terminal or an actual VT100 terminal. For a local connection, the table below shows the pin layout of a 9 to 9-pin or a 9 to 25-pin cable connection between the TE100-S55 and the management terminal.
Appendix C RJ-45 Pin Specification When connecting the TE100-S55 to another switch, bridge or a hub, a modified cross-over cable is necessary. Please review these products for matching cable pin assignments. The following diagram and tables show the standard RJ-45 receptacle/connector and their pin assignments for the switch-tonetwork adapter card connection and the cross-over cable for the switch-to-switch/hub/bridge connection.
Contact Media Direct Interface Signal 1 TD + (transmission) 2 TD - (transmission) 3 RD + (reception) 4 not used 5 not used 6 RD - (reception) 7 not used 8 not used The Standard Category 3 cable, RJ-45 pin assignment 1 TD + 2 TD - 1 TD + 2 TD - 3 RD + 6 RD 4 TD + 5 TD - 3 RD + 6 RD 4 TD + 5 TD - 7 RD + 8 RD - 7 RD + 8 RD - The pin assignment for Category 5, 4-pair cross-over cable 48
Appendix D 10Base-T Module The 10Base-T specification is the most popular cabling scheme for conventional 10Mb Ethernet networks and is used in over 70% of LANs worldwide. Although the TE100-S55 is equipped with five ports for 10BaseT connections, it also provides an open slot for an optional 8-port 10Base-T module. The 10Base-T module uses inexpensive two-pair Category 3, 4 or 5 UTP cable. It services distance of up to 100 meters and supports full or half-duplexing.
Appendix E 100Base-FX/TX Module The physical specification for Fast Ethernet cabling comes in three different flavors. These include 100Base-TX (2-pair over Cat 5 UTP), 100Base-T4 (4-pair over Cat 3 UTP), and 100BaseFX (2 fiber connections). The 100Base-TX specification is the most popular cabling scheme for Fast Ethernet networks. Since it requires a UTP cable similar to 10Base-T, installation and configuration of 100BaseTX cabling is easy and cost-effective.
• Unscrew and remove the cover slot from the front panel of the TE100-S55. • Slide-in and securely screw the 100Base-FX/TX module into the open slot of the TE100-S55. • Attach either the Fiber Optic cable or Cat 5 UTP cable to the 100Base-FX/TX module. Although this module is equipped with two ports, only one port may be used at one time.
Appendix F ISDN Module An Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is one of the most rapidly expanding technologies for transmitting data and voice over wide area networks (WANs). The popularity of ISDN is due to its high-speed WAN connections at low cost, enabling greater productivity not only for home office workers or internet users, but also for corporate branch offices and remote sites. In comparison, ISDN can transfer data more than four times as fast as a cutting-edge 28.8 Kbps modem.
• Unscrew and remove the sot cover from the front panel of the TE100-S55. • Slide-in and securely screw the ISDN module into the open slot of the TE100-S55. • Attach the ISDN phone line into the RJ-11 port of the ISDN module.
Appendix G Hardware Specifications SWITCH SPECIFICATION • Complies to IEEE 802.3 CSMA/CD 10Base-T, 100Base-TX, 100Base-FX Ethernet Standards • Complies to IEEE 802.1d Spanning Tree, IEEE 802.2 LLC, and ISO 8807-3 standards • Switched IEEE 802.
5 x 10/100Mbps LAN ports (fixed) • Five RJ-45 ports for Cat 3, 4 or 5 UTP cable • 10 or 100Mbps data transfer rate • Full or half duplexing • NWAY Auto-negotiation 8x • • • • 10Mbps LAN ports (optional module) Eight RJ-45 ports for Cat 3, 4 or 5 UTP cable 10Mbps data transfer rate Full or half duplexing NWAY Auto-negotiation 1x • • • • • 100Base-FX/TX LAN port (optional module) One MIC port for 62.
INDEX 100Base-T .......................................................................See Fast Ethernet Adding Optional Modules ...................................................................... 19 Add-on modules ..................................................................................... 11 100Base-FX/TX Module.................................................................. 50 10Base-T Module............................................................................. 49 ISDN Module........
Modify the Spanning Tree Algorithm .................................................... 39 Monitor Network Traffic........................................................................ 40 NWAY Auto-negotiation ..................................................... 10, 12, 25, 54 Operating XPressView ........................................................................... 38 Out-of-Band Management.................12, 17, 20, 21, 22, 24, 28, 35, 38, 54 Path Cost ...........................................
